Optimization of technical measures for improving

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(全方位)产品质量优化措施英文版

(全方位)产品质量优化措施英文版

(全方位)产品质量优化措施英文版Comprehensive Product Quality Optimization MeasuresIn order to enhance the quality of our products, we need to implement a series of measures that cover all aspects of the production process.1. Quality Control Procedures- Establish strict quality control procedures at every stage of production to ensure consistency and reliability.- Conduct regular inspections and testing to identify and address any defects or issues early on.- Implement a feedback loop system to gather insights from customers and make necessary improvements.2. Supplier Management- Select reliable and reputable suppliers who can provide high-quality raw materials and components.- Establish clear quality standards and expectations for suppliers to meet our product requirements.- Conduct regular audits and evaluations to monitor supplier performance and address any issues promptly.3. Employee Training and Development- Provide comprehensive training programs for employees to enhance their skills and knowledge in product quality management.- Encourage continuous learning and improvement to ensure that employees are equipped to maintain high quality standards.- Recognize and reward employees who demonstrate a commitment to product quality and excellence.4. Continuous Improvement Initiatives- Implement a continuous improvement culture within the organization to foster innovation and drive quality enhancements.- Encourage collaboration and cross-functional teamwork to identify opportunities for improvement and implement effective solutions.- Utilize data analytics and technology tools to monitor product quality metrics and make data-driven decisions.5. Customer Feedback and Satisfaction- Solicit feedback from customers through surveys, reviews, and direct communication channels to gauge satisfaction levels.- Use customer feedback to identify areas for improvement and prioritize enhancements based on customer preferences.- Develop a customer-centric approach to product development and quality assurance to meet and exceed customer expectations.By implementing these comprehensive product quality optimization measures, we can enhance the overall quality of our products and maintain a competitive edge in the market.。

循环水泵节能改造方案技术措施范文

循环水泵节能改造方案技术措施范文

循环水泵节能改造方案技术措施范文Energy saving transformation of circulating water pumps is crucial for reducing energy consumption and improving efficiency. 循环水泵的节能改造对于降低能耗、提高效率至关重要。

There are several technical measures that can be taken to achieve this goal. 有几种技术措施可以实现这个目标。

One approach is to optimize the pump system design to minimize energy losses. 优化泵系统设计以减少能量损失是一种方法。

This can involve upgrading components, such as impellers and motors, to more energy-efficient models. 这可能涉及升级组件,如叶轮和电机,以更节能的型号。

Another strategy is to implement variable speed drives to match pump speed to actual system demand. 另一种策略是实施变速驱动器,将泵速与实际系统需求匹配。

In addition, regular maintenance and monitoring of pump performance are essential for ensuring long-term energy savings. 此外,定期维护和监控泵的性能对确保长期节能至关重要。

Energy audits can also provide valuable insights into the energy consumption patterns of circulating water pumps. 能源审核还可以为循环水泵的能耗模式提供有价值的见解。

(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英

(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英

Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商;饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手;2)自由企业制度3)股东4)经济体制5)开发产品和服务6)市场力量;市场调节作用7)金融机构8)严重衰退9)破产10)mission11)stock price12)corporate motto13)assets14)maximize profits 15)financial systemPart 2:1)market forces2)financial institutions 3)free enterprise system 4)deep institutions5)invisible hand6)stockholder7)profit maximization 8)economic system Task 2:1.and;2.Another;3. also;4. Not only;but;5. otherTask 31. understanding;2. agree with;3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激;2)与外部世界隔离3)陷入绝境4)易感抑郁5)恢复体能6)界定性特征7)暂时的挫败8)不因挫败而心烦意乱9)竞选权位10)吹着欢快的曲调Part 2:1)bout 2)validated3)squabble 4)aptitude5)platitude 6)debilitate7)reassuring 8)undermine9)ruminate 10)martialTask 2:1.contrasting;2.in contrast;3. However;4. different;5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of;2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2:1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2:…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化,数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2:1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2:1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2:1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2:1. The present perfect tense(现在完成时)emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure:temptationgrueling:working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job:humble jobrecrafted:turnedHe might be doing a humble job,but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails:requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to:being beneficial toconnotation:implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society,and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的;手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。

英语第一单元技术介绍

英语第一单元技术介绍
Utilizing machine learning algorithms to suggest personalized content such as movies, music, and books based on user preferences.
Content recommendation engines
01
Automation and control systems
Used for monitoring and controlling industrial processes, ensuring efficient production and quality control.
02
Robotics
Motion capture and animation
Creating immersive experiences using AI algorithms to enhance gaming, film, and other forms of entertainment.
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR)
Implementing AI and machine learning algorithms to perform complex tasks in manufacturing, assembly, and inspection.
Industrial production field
Medical imaging
Improve production efficiency
Changing lifestyle
Technology has made daily tasks more convenient, from online shopping and banking to smart home devices that automate household chores.

(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英(2)

(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英(2)

Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商;饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手;2)自由企业制度3)股东4)经济体制5)开发产品和服务6)市场力量;市场调节作用7)金融机构8)严重衰退9)破产10)mission11)stock price12)corporate motto13)assets14)maximize profits 15)financial systemPart 2:1)market forces2)financial institutions 3)free enterprise system 4)deep institutions5)invisible hand6)stockholder7)profit maximization 8)economic system Task 2:1.and;2.Another;3. also;4. Not only;but;5. otherTask 31. understanding;2. agree with;3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激;2)与外部世界隔离3)陷入绝境4)易感抑郁5)恢复体能6)界定性特征7)暂时的挫败8)不因挫败而心烦意乱9)竞选权位10)吹着欢快的曲调Part 2:1)bout 2)validated3)squabble 4)aptitude5)platitude 6)debilitate7)reassuring 8)undermine9)ruminate 10)martialTask 2:1.contrasting;2.in contrast;3. However;4. different;5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of;2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2:1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2:…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between ???3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化,数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2:1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2:1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2:1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2:1. The present perfect tense(现在完成时)emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure:temptationgrueling:working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job:humble jobrecrafted:turnedHe might be doing a humble job,but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails:requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to:being beneficial toconnotation:implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society,and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的;手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。

技术优化英语作文模板

技术优化英语作文模板

技术优化英语作文模板英文回答:Section 1: Introduction。

State the purpose of the essay: to provide a technical optimization plan.Briefly introduce the context and problem statement.Section 2: Analysis and Recommendations。

Identify the technical issues that need to be addressed.Research and propose specific optimization techniquesfor each issue.Explain the benefits and limitations of each technique.Quantify the potential improvements in performance.Section 3: Implementation and Evaluation。

Describe the steps involved in implementing the optimization plan.Establish metrics and methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the changes.Discuss potential challenges and contingency plans.Section 4: Conclusion。

Summarize the key optimizations made.State the expected improvements in performance.Express confidence in the plan's ability to meet the technical objectives.中文回答:引言。

管桩车间生产工艺流程

管桩车间生产工艺流程

管桩车间生产工艺流程1.桩管车间的生产工艺流程包括原材料准备、加工制造、检测和包装等环节。

The production process in the pile pipe workshop includes raw material preparation, processing, testing, and packaging.2.原材料准备阶段包括对钢材进行质量检验和筛选。

The raw material preparation stage includes quality inspection and selection of steel.3.钢材经过切割、翻边等工艺处理,进行预制成型。

Steel is precut and formed through processes such as flanging and bending.4.预制成型后,进行对接焊接工艺,使管道形成完整的结构。

After prefabrication, the pipes are welded together to form a complete structure.5.焊接完成后,进行外观检测和尺寸测量,确保产品符合要求。

After welding, visual inspection and dimension measurement are carried out to ensure the product meets requirements.6.完成检测后,进行内部防腐处理,提高产品的耐腐蚀性能。

After inspection, internal anti-corrosion treatment is carried out to improve the corrosion resistance of the product.7.经过防腐处理后,进行喷砂清理和喷涂工艺,提高产品的表面光洁度和美观度。

After anti-corrosion treatment, sandblasting and painting processes are carried out to improve the surface finish and aesthetics of the product.8.最后产品进行包装,符合国际运输要求,确保产品在运输过程中不受损坏。

gan模型的优化目标

gan模型的优化目标

gan模型的优化目标The optimization goal of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model is to improve the quality and realism of the generated samples. GANs consist of two neural networks: a generator and a discriminator. The generator aims to produce samples that are indistinguishable fromreal data, while the discriminator's objective is to correctly classify real and fake samples. The training process involves a competitive game between these networks, where they learn from each other's mistakes.From a technical perspective, the primary objective of optimizing a GAN model is to minimize the Jensen-Shannon divergence or the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the generated distribution and the real distribution. These divergence measures quantify the difference between two probability distributions, and minimizing them ensures that the generated samples closely resemble the real data.In addition to the technical aspects, GAN optimizationalso involves addressing several challenges. One such challenge is mode collapse, where the generator fails to explore the entire sample space and produces limited variations of samples. To overcome this, researchers have proposed various techniques such as using different loss functions, incorporating regularization methods, or modifying the architecture of the GAN.Another important objective in GAN optimization is to achieve stability in training. GANs are notorious for being difficult to train as they often suffer from issues like vanishing gradients or oscillations. To enhance stability, several techniques have been introduced, including feature matching, minibatch discrimination, and spectral normalization. These methods help to regularize thetraining process and improve the convergence of the GAN model.Furthermore, the optimization goal of a GAN model also encompasses improving the visual quality and diversity of the generated samples. This involves enhancing the sharpness, clarity, and overall visual appeal of thegenerated images. Researchers have proposed techniques such as progressive growing, self-attention mechanisms, and conditional GANs to achieve these objectives. By incorporating these methods, GANs can generate high-resolution images with fine details and realistic textures.Beyond technical considerations, the optimization goalof GAN models also extends to practical applications. GANs have found applications in various fields, including computer vision, natural language processing, and healthcare. For instance, in computer vision, GANs can be used for image synthesis, style transfer, and image super-resolution. In natural language processing, GANs can generate realistic text or be employed for machine translation tasks. In healthcare, GANs have been used for medical image synthesis, disease diagnosis, and drug discovery. By optimizing GAN models, these applications can benefit from improved performance and more accurate results.In conclusion, the optimization goal of a GAN model is multifaceted. It involves technical aspects such as minimizing divergence measures, addressing challenges likemode collapse and training instability, and improving the visual quality and diversity of generated samples. Additionally, the optimization goal extends to practical applications across various domains, where GANs can be utilized for tasks ranging from image synthesis to healthcare applications. By continuously refining and optimizing GAN models, researchers aim to push the boundaries of generative models and enable them to generate even more realistic and diverse samples.。

技术技能特长或绝技绝招表达范文

技术技能特长或绝技绝招表达范文

技术技能特长或绝技绝招表达范文英文回答:I have always been passionate about technology and have developed several technical skills and expertise over the years. One of my most notable skills is programming. I am proficient in several programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++. I have used these languages to develop various software applications, including a mobile app for a local restaurant and a web-based inventory managementsystem for a small business. My programming skills allow me to solve complex problems and create innovative solutions.Another technical skill that I possess is data analysis.I am experienced in using statistical software such as Rand Python's data analysis libraries to analyze large datasets and extract meaningful insights. For example, I recently worked on a project where I analyzed customer data for an e-commerce company. By identifying patterns and trends in the data, I was able to provide valuablerecommendations for improving customer engagement and increasing sales.In addition to programming and data analysis, I also have expertise in network administration. I have a deep understanding of networking protocols and have successfully set up and maintained secure networks for both small businesses and large corporations. For instance, I implemented a virtual private network (VPN) for a company to ensure secure remote access for employees. I also regularly perform network troubleshooting and optimization to ensure smooth and efficient network operations.Furthermore, I have developed strong skills in cybersecurity. I am knowledgeable about various security measures and best practices to protect computer systems and networks from threats. I have conducted vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify potential weaknesses in systems and recommend appropriate security measures. For example, I recently conducted a security audit for a financial institution and provided recommendations for strengthening their securityinfrastructure.In conclusion, I have a diverse range of technicalskills and expertise, including programming, data analysis, network administration, and cybersecurity. These skillshave allowed me to tackle various technical challenges and provide effective solutions. I am always eager to learn and adapt to new technologies, and I believe my technicalskills will continue to grow and evolve in the future.中文回答:我一直对技术充满热情,并在这些年里积累了多种技术技能和专长。

丁苯乳液生产工艺流程

丁苯乳液生产工艺流程

丁苯乳液生产工艺流程The production process of styrene-butadiene latex involves several steps to ensure the quality and stability of the final product. 乳液生产过程包括原料准备、乳液制备、质量控制和包装等多个环节。

The first step is the preparation of raw materials, which involves procuring high-quality styrene and butadiene monomers, as well as emulsifiers, stabilizers, and other additives. 第二步是进行乳液的制备,需要将原料加入反应釜中,经过聚合等多个步骤生产出乳液。

This process requires precise control of temperature, pressure, and agitation to ensure proper polymerization and emulsification of the monomers. 乳液生产的关键是控制反应釜的温度、压力和搅拌速度,确保单体能够充分聚合和乳化。

Quality control is a crucial aspect of the production process, with samples taken at various stages to check for consistency, stability, and other properties. 质量控制是确保乳液质量的重要环节,需要在不同阶段取样检测粘度、固含量、PH值等参数。

Any deviations from the desired specifications need to be addressed promptly to prevent any issues with the final product. 如果出现和预期规格不符的情况,需要及时处理,以避免对最终产品质量的影响。

化工制药专业英语

化工制药专业英语

化工制药专业英语Certainly, I will provide you with an English essay on the topic of "Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical English" that is more than 1000 words long, as requested. Please find the essay text below:The field of chemical engineering and pharmaceutical sciences is a dynamic and ever-evolving discipline that plays a crucial role in the development and production of a wide range of essential products. From the creation of lifesaving medications to the manufacture of everyday household items, the expertise and knowledge of chemical engineers and pharmaceutical professionals are indispensable. In this essay, we will explore the diverse facets of this multifaceted domain and the importance of mastering the English language in this context.Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on the design, development, and optimization of industrial processes and equipment for the large-scale production of chemical and related products. This field encompasses a broad range of applications, including the production of fuels, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and a myriad of other essential materials. The chemical engineer's role is to ensure the efficient and safe operation of these processes, while also considering the environmental impact and sustainability of theoperations.One of the primary responsibilities of a chemical engineer is to design and oversee the construction of industrial facilities and equipment. This requires a deep understanding of the underlying chemical and physical principles that govern the behavior of materials and the dynamics of industrial processes. Chemical engineers must possess a strong foundation in subjects such as thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and reaction kinetics, as well as the ability to apply these principles to the real-world challenges they face.In the pharmaceutical industry, chemical engineers play a crucial role in the development and manufacturing of drugs and other medical products. They are responsible for the design and optimization of production processes, ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of the final products. This involves the careful control and monitoring of various parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and reaction kinetics, to ensure the consistent and reliable production of pharmaceuticals.The importance of English language proficiency in the field of chemical engineering and pharmaceutical sciences cannot be overstated. As a global industry, the ability to communicate effectively in English is essential for success. Chemical engineers andpharmaceutical professionals must be able to collaborate with colleagues from diverse backgrounds, read and comprehend technical literature, and effectively communicate their findings and recommendations to stakeholders, regulators, and the general public.In the context of research and development, a strong command of English is crucial for accessing the latest scientific literature, participating in international conferences and workshops, and publishing research findings in high-impact journals. Many of the most cutting-edge advancements in chemical engineering and pharmaceutical sciences are reported in English-language publications, and the ability to engage with this knowledge base is essential for staying at the forefront of the field.Moreover, the globalization of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries has necessitated the need for effective cross-cultural communication. Chemical engineers and pharmaceutical professionals may find themselves working on projects that span multiple countries and regions, requiring the ability to navigate linguistic and cultural differences. Proficiency in English serves as a common language, facilitating collaboration and ensuring the successful execution of complex projects.Beyond the technical and research-oriented aspects of the field, English language skills are also crucial for professionals in chemicalengineering and pharmaceutical sciences who are involved in business development, regulatory compliance, and customer engagement. The ability to effectively communicate technical information to non-technical stakeholders, such as investors, policymakers, and the general public, is a valuable asset that can contribute to the success of an organization.In conclusion, the field of chemical engineering and pharmaceutical sciences is a dynamic and multifaceted domain that requires a deep understanding of both technical and linguistic competencies. The ability to effectively communicate in English, whether in the context of research, collaboration, or business operations, is a crucial skill that can unlock a wealth of opportunities and contribute to the advancement of this vital industry. By mastering the English language, chemical engineers and pharmaceutical professionals can enhance their ability to drive innovation, ensure the safety and quality of their products, and contribute to the betterment of society as a whole.。

化工专业英语书

化工专业英语书

化工专业英语书The chemical engineering field is a fascinating blend of science and practical application, where the mastery of English is just as crucial as the understanding of complex chemical processes. "Chemical Engineering English" is a book that aims to bridge the gap between the technical jargon and the ability to communicate effectively in an international context.The book begins with an introduction to the fundamental terms and concepts that are essential for anyone studying or working in the field of chemical engineering. It then delves into more specialized topics, such as process design, reaction kinetics, and mass transfer, all explained in a clear and concise manner that is accessible to both native and non-native English speakers.One of the standout features of this book is its use of real-world examples to illustrate the application of chemical engineering principles. Case studies range from the development of new pharmaceuticals to the optimization of industrial processes, providing readers with a tangible sense of how the subject matter translates into real-world scenarios.The book also places a strong emphasis on the importance of safety in the chemical industry. It includes a dedicated section on safety protocols and the terminology associatedwith hazard identification and risk assessment. This is particularly important for students and professionals who may be working with potentially hazardous materials or in high-risk environments.For those looking to further their education or career in chemical engineering, the book offers a comprehensiveglossary of terms and an extensive list of resources forfurther reading. It also provides guidance on writingtechnical reports and presenting research findings in English, which are invaluable skills for anyone in the field."Chemical Engineering English" is not just a language book; it's a comprehensive guide that empowers readers to engage with the global community of chemical engineers. It'sa testament to the fact that language is not just a tool for communication but a gateway to understanding and contributing to the world of chemical engineering on a deeper level.。

660 MW超超临界汽轮机设备及系统分析

660 MW超超临界汽轮机设备及系统分析

电力系统2020.12 电力系统装备丨107Electric System2020年第12期2020 No.12电力系统装备Electric Power System Equipment1 汽轮机概述国电蚌埠电厂二期2×660 MW 二次再热超超临界汽轮发电机组,选用上海汽轮机厂引进的西门子汽轮机,型式为:超超临界、二次中间再热、单轴、五缸四排汽、凝汽式汽轮机,型号为N660-31/600/620/620,最大连续出力为697.749 MW ,额定出力660 MW 。

机组设计寿命不少于30年。

机组取消调节级,采用全周进汽滑压运行方式,同时采用了补汽技术。

汽轮机具有10级回热抽汽,额定转速为3000 r/min 。

通过该汽轮机的实际运行和对其设计特点的分析和应用,总结经验,设计了660 MW 超超临界汽轮机设备及系统。

2 660 MW 超超临界汽轮机设备的总体布置和主要技术参数2.1 总体布置从目前情况来看,国内的660 MW 超超临界汽轮机数量正处于逐渐增加的阶段,但从实际效果上看,功效和功率的情况相对较弱,还需要进一步优化。

因此,本文以东方汽轮机有限公司生产的东方新一代超超临界660 MW 汽轮机机组为例,对该汽轮机设备及系统进行全面分析。

从总体布置情况来看,该汽轮机主要包括了单流高压、中压缸、双流低压缸这几个设备。

NJK660-28/600/620型东方新一代超超临界660 MW 汽轮机为单流、中间一次再热、三缸两排汽、凝汽式汽轮机,是目前国内市场上较为先进的一种汽轮机。

从实际应用情况来看,汽轮机采用了混合式设计方式,利用反动式设计、无调节级推动高压缸运行,而中压和低压缸则正常运行。

不同缸体的压力级也存在一定区别,高、中、低压缸的压力级分别为22、10、2×5,其中末级叶片高度为1030 mm 。

2.2 主要机组参数具体应用效果和实际设计方案参数数据显示,东方新一代超超临界660 MW 汽轮机机组的最大功率为716.7 MW ,VWO 流量为2100 t/h 。

(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英(2)

(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英(2)

(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英(2)Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商;饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or morelikely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手;2)自由企业制度3)股东4)经济体制5)开发产品和服务6)市场力量;市场调节作用7)金融机构8)严重衰退9)破产10)mission11)stock price12)corporate motto13)assets14)maximize profits 15)financial systemPart 2:1)market forces2)financial institutions 3)free enterprise system 4)deep institutions5)invisible hand6)stockholder7)profit maximization 8)economic system Task 2:1.and;2.Another;3. also;4. Not only;but;5. otherTask 31. understanding;2. agree with;3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激;2)与外部世界隔离3)陷入绝境4)易感抑郁5)恢复体能6)界定性特征7)暂时的挫败8)不因挫败而心烦意乱9)竞选权位10)吹着欢快的曲调Part 2:1)bout 2)validated3)squabble 4)aptitude5)platitude 6)debilitate7)reassuring 8)undermine9)ruminate 10)martialTask 2:1.contrasting;2.in contrast;3. However;4. different;5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of;2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2:1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist B Epistemologist A phenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2:…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化,数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2:1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2:1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptivemathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyex amples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2:1. To achieve professional development isimportant as ameans to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2:1. The present perfect tense(现在完成时)emphasizes that people’s conception about what money ca n bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different t imesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure:temptationgrueling:working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years ina humble position3. lowly job:humble jobrecrafted:turnedHe might be doing a humble job,but he would turn it intoa great mission4. entails:requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to:being beneficial toconnotation:implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society,and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefs Unit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性/doc/c215577804.html,anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的;手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。

全面优化的技术团队现场配备方案英文版

全面优化的技术团队现场配备方案英文版

全面优化的技术团队现场配备方案英文版Comprehensive Optimization of Technical Team On-Site Deployment PlanIn today's fast-paced technological landscape, it is crucial for organizations to have a well-equipped and efficient technical team in place. A comprehensive on-site deployment plan is essential to ensure smooth operations and timely resolution of technical issues. This document outlines the key strategies for optimizing the deployment of a technical team on-site.1. Assess Current NeedsBefore implementing any changes, it is important to assess the current needs of the organization. This includes evaluating the size and scope of the technical team, identifying any gaps in skills or resources, and understanding the specific requirements of different departments or projects.2. Define Roles and ResponsibilitiesClearly defining the roles and responsibilities of each team member is essential for effective on-site deployment. This includes assigning specific tasks, setting performance expectations, and establishing clear communication channels. By clarifying expectations, team members can work more efficiently and collaboratively.3. Implement Training and Development ProgramsContinuous training and development are key to keeping the technical team up-to-date with the latest technologies and best practices. By investing in professional development programs, organizations can ensure that their team members have the skills and knowledge needed to perform their roles effectively.4. Utilize Technology ToolsTechnology tools such as project management software, communication platforms, and remote access tools can streamline on-site deployment processes and improve team collaboration. By leveraging these tools, organizations can enhance efficiency and productivity.5. Establish Communication ProtocolsEffective communication is essential for successful on-site deployment. Establishing clear communication protocols, such as regular team meetings, status updates, and escalation procedures, can help prevent misunderstandings and ensure that issues are addressed in a timely manner.6. Monitor Performance and Provide FeedbackMonitoring team performance and providing feedback are essential for continuous improvement. Regular performance evaluations, feedback sessions, and goal-setting meetings can help team members identify areas for growth and development.7. Foster a Positive Team CultureCreating a positive team culture is essential for fostering collaboration and teamwork. Encouraging open communication, recognizing individual contributions, and promoting a supportive work environment can help boost team morale and motivation.8. Evaluate and Adjust as NeededFinally, it is important to regularly evaluate the effectiveness of the on-site deployment plan and make adjustments as needed. By soliciting feedback from team members, monitoring key performance metrics, and staying abreast of industry trends, organizations can ensure that their technical team remains optimized.By implementing these strategies, organizations can achieve a comprehensive optimization of their technical team on-site deployment plan, leading to improved efficiency, productivity, and overall success.。

国际班—欧美规范释义备考重点终结版

国际班—欧美规范释义备考重点终结版

A对于强度极限状态:ηR≥1.05,用于静定构件;ηR=1.0,用于常规水平的超静定构件;ηR≥0.95,用于例外水平的超静定构件。

对于其它各种极限状态:ηR =1.00。

第二章2.1 SCOPEMinimum requirements are provided for clearances, environmental protection, aesthetics, geological studies, economy, rideability, durability, constructibility, inspectability, and maintainability. Minimum requirements for traffic safety are referenced.本规范规定了桥梁净空、环境保护、美学地质调查、经济性、行驶舒适性、耐久性、易施工性、易检查性、易养护性等方面的最低要求。

对交通安全的最低要求列出了应参照办理的文件。

Minimum requirements for drainage facilities and self- protecting measures against water, ice, and water-borne salts are included. In recognition that many bridge failures have been caused by scour, hydrology and hydraulics are covered in detail.同时,也包括了排水设施和对水、冰及水中盐的自身保护措施的最低要求。

鉴于冲刷业已导致许多桥梁的损坏,本规范在水文学和水力学方面涉及较详。

C2.1This Section is intended to provide the Designer with sufficient information to determine the configuration and overall dimensions of a bridge.本条旨在为设计者提供足够的信息以确定桥梁的位置和总体尺寸。

Engineering Design and Optimization

Engineering Design and Optimization

Engineering Design and OptimizationEngineering design and optimization is a critical aspect of various industries, including aerospace, automotive, manufacturing, and more. It involves the creation and improvement of products, systems, and processes to meet specific requirements and achieve optimal performance. This multifaceted field requires a deep understanding of scientific principles, mathematical modeling, material properties, and technological advancements. Engineers and designers are tasked with developing innovative solutions to complex problems, often balancing competing factors suchas cost, efficiency, safety, and environmental impact. One of the key challengesin engineering design and optimization is the need to integrate diverse perspectives and requirements. This often involves collaborating with cross-functional teams, including experts in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, software development, and other disciplines. Each team member bringsa unique set of skills and knowledge to the table, contributing to a holistic approach to problem-solving. Effective communication and collaboration areessential in this process, as different stakeholders may have conflictingpriorities or constraints that need to be reconciled. Another critical aspect of engineering design and optimization is the use of advanced tools and technologies to simulate, analyze, and test different design options. Computer-aided design (CAD) software, finite element analysis (FEA) tools, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations enable engineers to visualize and evaluate the performance of their designs before physical prototypes are built. This not only accelerates the design process but also reduces the cost and time associated with iterative testing and refinement. Furthermore, the optimization of engineering designs often involves the use of algorithms and mathematical models to find the best possible solution within a given set of constraints. This may include minimizing weight while maximizing strength in a structural component, optimizing the aerodynamics of a vehicle for fuel efficiency, or streamlining manufacturing processes to reduce waste and improve productivity. The use of optimization techniques such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, or neural networks can help engineers explore a vast design space and identify near-optimal solutions.In addition to technical considerations, ethical and social implications play asignificant role in engineering design and optimization. Engineers have a responsibility to consider the potential impact of their designs on public safety, environmental sustainability, and societal well-being. This requires a thoughtful and holistic approach to decision-making, taking into account not only technical requirements but also ethical principles and regulatory compliance. Moreover, the rapid pace of technological advancement presents both opportunities and challenges for engineering design and optimization. Emerging technologies such as additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things are revolutionizing the way products are designed, produced, and operated. While these technologies offer new possibilities for innovation and efficiency, they also introduce complexities related to cybersecurity, data privacy, and interoperability. In conclusion, engineering design and optimization is a dynamic and multifaceted field that requires a combination of technical expertise, collaborative teamwork, advanced tools, ethical considerations, and adaptability to technological advancements. By addressing diverse perspectives, leveraging advanced technologies, and considering ethical and social implications, engineers and designers can create innovative and sustainable solutions to complex challenges. This ongoing pursuit of excellence in engineering design and optimization is essential for driving progress and meeting the needs of a rapidly evolving world.。

Structural Health Monitoring and Control

Structural Health Monitoring and Control

Structural Health Monitoring and Control Structural health monitoring and control, a crucial aspect of engineering and infrastructure management, plays a vital role in ensuring the safety and longevity of various structures. By constantly monitoring the health and performance of structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, and pipelines, engineers and stakeholders can identify potential issues, assess the overall structuralintegrity, and implement timely measures to prevent catastrophic failures. This proactive approach not only enhances public safety but also minimizes maintenance costs and extends the lifespan of infrastructures, ultimately contributing to sustainable development. One of the key benefits of structural health monitoring and control is the ability to detect structural defects and damages at an early stage. By utilizing various sensors, data collection systems, and analytical tools, engineers can continuously monitor factors such as vibrations, strain, temperature, and corrosion, providing real-time insights into the structural behavior. This early detection enables prompt intervention and repair, preventing minor issues from escalating into major failures that could endanger lives and property. Moreover, by identifying the root causes of structural problems, engineers can develop targeted maintenance strategies and improve the overall performance and durability of infrastructures. In addition to enhancing safety and reliability, structural health monitoring and control also play a crucial role in optimizing maintenance practices and resource allocation. By monitoring the actual condition and performance of structures, engineers can move away from traditional time-based maintenance schedules and adopt a more data-driven and proactive approach. This predictive maintenance strategy allows for the prioritization of critical maintenance tasks, allocation of resources where they are most needed, and optimization of downtime for repairs. As a result, infrastructure owners can effectively manage their assets, reduce operational costs, and maximize thelifespan of structures without compromising safety or performance. Furthermore, structural health monitoring and control contribute to the development of smartand resilient infrastructure systems that can adapt to changing environmental conditions and external threats. With the integration of advanced technologiessuch as Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (), and machine learning,engineers can create intelligent monitoring systems that provide real-time feedback, predictive analytics, and autonomous control capabilities. These smart infrastructure systems not only enhance operational efficiency and performance but also enable rapid response to emergencies, natural disasters, and other unforeseen events. By embracing innovation and adopting a holistic approach to structural health management, stakeholders can build sustainable and future-proof infrastructures that meet the needs of a rapidly evolving society. Moreover, the implementation of structural health monitoring and control systems can have significant economic benefits for both public and private sectors. By minimizing downtime, reducing maintenance costs, and extending the lifespan of infrastructures, stakeholders can achieve substantial savings over the lifecycleof structures. Additionally, by enhancing the reliability and safety of structures, these systems can lower insurance premiums, attract investments, and increase the overall value of assets. As a result, governments, businesses, and communities can allocate resources more effectively, improve their competitiveness, and createlong-term value for society as a whole. In conclusion, structural health monitoring and control are essential components of modern engineering practicesthat ensure the safety, reliability, and sustainability of infrastructures. By adopting a proactive and data-driven approach to structural management, stakeholders can detect issues early, optimize maintenance practices, develop resilient infrastructure systems, and achieve significant economic benefits. As we continue to face challenges such as aging infrastructure, environmental changes, and increasing urbanization, the importance of structural health monitoring and control will only grow. By investing in advanced technologies, interdisciplinary collaborations, and continuous improvement, we can build a more resilient and sustainable built environment that meets the needs of current and future generations.。

关于地铁英文作文

关于地铁英文作文

关于地铁英文作文Title: The Invaluable Role of Subways in Modern Urban Life。

In the bustling metropolises of today's world, one cannot overlook the indispensable role that subways play in facilitating efficient transportation and shaping the dynamics of urban life. As cities continue to expand and populations surge, the need for reliable and extensive public transit systems becomes increasingly paramount. Among these, subways stand out as the backbone of urban mobility, offering swift, convenient, and environmentally sustainable transportation solutions. This essay delvesinto the significance of subways in modern urban settings, exploring their multifaceted benefits and the challenges they face.First and foremost, subways provide a vital solution to the ever-growing congestion plaguing urban road networks. With burgeoning populations and the rise of private vehicleownership, cities worldwide grapple with traffic gridlock, which not only wastes time but also exacerbates pollution and carbon emissions. Subways offer a viable alternative by efficiently transporting large volumes of people across the city, thereby reducing the reliance on individual cars and alleviating traffic congestion. This not only enhances the overall efficiency of urban transportation but also contributes to mitigating environmental degradation associated with excessive vehicular usage.Moreover, subways serve as egalitarian modes of transportation, fostering social inclusivity and accessibility within cities. Unlike private vehicles or even certain forms of public transport, such as taxis or ride-sharing services, subways are affordable and accessible to people from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. They provide a level playing field for commuters, irrespective of their financial status, enabling them to traverse the city swiftly and affordably. This inclusivity is particularly crucial in fostering social cohesion and equal opportunities within urban communities.Furthermore, subways play a pivotal role in promoting sustainable urban development and combating climate change. As the world grapples with the existential threat of global warming, the imperative to transition towards eco-friendly modes of transportation has never been more pressing. Subways, powered by electricity and emitting minimal greenhouse gases per passenger mile compared to cars, represent a sustainable alternative that can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of urban travel. By incentivizing mass transit usage and reducing reliance on fossil fuel-powered vehicles, subways contribute tangibly to mitigating climate change and fostering environmentally conscious urban lifestyles.In addition to their environmental and socio-economic benefits, subways also enhance the overall quality of urban life by facilitating efficient connectivity and mobility. With their extensive networks spanning entire cities and beyond, subways connect disparate neighborhoods, commercial hubs, educational institutions, and cultural landmarks, fostering a sense of cohesion and accessibility. This seamless connectivity not only enhances the efficiency ofurban travel but also promotes cultural exchange, economic vitality, and social interaction within diverse urban landscapes.However, despite their myriad benefits, subways are not without challenges. One of the primary obstacles facing subway systems is the need for continuous investment in infrastructure maintenance, expansion, and modernization. Aging subway networks require substantial financial resources for upkeep and renovation to ensure safety, reliability, and efficiency. Moreover, expanding subway networks to accommodate growing populations and urbansprawl necessitates significant capital investment and meticulous urban planning to address logistical, environmental, and socio-economic considerations.Furthermore, subways often face operational challenges, such as overcrowding during peak hours, service disruptions due to technical faults or natural disasters, and security concerns. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive strategies encompassing capacity optimization, technological innovation, emergency preparedness, androbust security measures to ensure the seamless operation and safety of subway systems.In conclusion, subways represent indispensable pillars of modern urban life, offering efficient, accessible, and sustainable transportation solutions that alleviate traffic congestion, promote social inclusivity, combat climate change, and enhance the overall quality of urban living. Despite the challenges they face, subways remain vital instruments in shaping the dynamics of contemporary cities, facilitating connectivity, mobility, and socio-economic development on a global scale. As cities continue to evolve and expand, investing in the expansion, modernization, and optimization of subway systems is essential to realizetheir full potential as catalysts for sustainable urban development and inclusive growth.。

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Optimization of technical measures for improvinghigh-temperature performance of asphalt–rubber mixture Chuan Xiao•Tianqing Ling•Yanjun QiuReceived:1July2013/Revised:8October2013/Accepted:9October2013/Published online:26October2013ÓThe Author(s)2013.This article is published with open access at Abstract Asphalt–rubber pavements often become dam-aged in high-temperature regions and appear rutted or wavy,and experience slippage.To improve the high-tem-perature performance of the asphalt–rubber mixture,tech-nical measurements,such as,the optimal adjustment of gradation,technique of composite modification,and con-trol of compaction were investigated.An optimal adjust-ment of aggregate gradation based on stone matrix asphalt improves the high-temperature stability of the asphalt–rubber mixture significantly.Through composite modifi-cation,the effect of asphalt–rubber modification was enhanced,and the dynamic stability and relative defor-mation indices of the asphalt–rubber mixture were improved significantly.Furthermore,compaction parame-ters had a significant influence on the high-temperature stability of the asphalt–rubber mixture.The rolling times for compacting the asphalt–rubber mixture should be controlled to within18–20round-trips at a molding tem-perature at180°C;if the rolling time is a12round-trip,the compaction temperature of the asphalt–rubber mixture should be controlled between180and190°C. Keywords Road engineeringÁOptimizationÁLaboratory testÁAsphalt–rubber mixtureÁHigh-temperature performance 1IntroductionRapid growth of waste tires is a serious environmental problem because of their highly resistant chemical,bio-logical,and physical properties.Many approaches have been considered to encourage the sustainable development. Using crumb rubber in asphalt,which initiated with the motivation to improve the binder properties,is one of the practical ways to tackle the increasing waste tires.In general,the approaches used to incorporate crumb rubber modifier(CRM)in road paving materials are clas-sified as the dry method and the wet method[2].Wet method is applied in most of the rubberized asphalt projects in China,which entails adding the crumb rubber to the binder before mixing it with aggregate[3].The behavior of asphalt–rubber with wet method depends on several fac-tors,such as,the origin,fabrication process and grain size distribution of the crumb rubber,the type of base asphalt binder used in the mixture,and the temperature and time of the mixing process.Anderson et al.[4]investigated the rheological and physical properties of binders modified with rubber,for rubber contents below20%by weight. Huang et al.[5]and Shen and Amirkhanian[6]suggested the optimal preparation of asphalt–rubber according to comparative tests on material properties of asphalt binder.In pavement destruction,asphalt–rubber has become increasingly attractive in the applications,such as,open graded friction course(OGFC),stress absorption membrane interlayer(SAMI),and super silent pavement(SSP)[2]. The asphalt–rubber pavements exhibit unique advantages in reducing pavement thickness,delaying reflection cracking, and decreasing traffic noise[7,8].However,an obvious problem in the application of the asphalt–rubber mixture is the lack of high-temperature stability used as structural layer,which could cause serious rutting under recycledC.Xiao(&)ÁY.QiuSchool of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University, P.O.Box520,No.111First North Section,2nd Ring Road, Chengdu610031,Sichuan,Chinae-mail:xcaaa6666@T.LingSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing400074,Chinavehicle loading.The indices,such as,viscosity,penetration, and softening point show that the asphalt–rubber shows excellent performance at high-temperature[9].However, because of the interference of asphalt–rubber and aggregate during the compacting process and the low stiffness mod-ulus and deformation characteristics of the asphalt–rubber mixture[8,10],it is difficult to meet the desired demands when applying asphalt–rubber pavement in high-tempera-ture regions.Furthermore,there is no unified technical specification for asphalt–rubber in China resulting in sig-nificant discrepancies in aggregate gradation,asphalt content,and mineralfiller content when paving with asphalt–rubber mixture[11–13].Improvements in the high-temperature performance of asphalt–rubber pavements are critical when they are applied in high-temperature regions and under heavy traffic conditions in China.In this paper,we investigate the high-temperature sta-bility of an asphalt–rubber mixture based on internal and external factors.Atfirst,the optimal gradation was adjus-ted in the rutting tests with dynamic stability and relative deformation as evaluation indices.Then,the scheme of compound modification and optimization of the compac-tion parameters were analyzed to improve the high-tem-perature stability of the asphalt–rubber mixture.To obtain a reasonable scheme of compound modification,compar-ative tests of high-temperature performance were con-ducted between different binders and mixtures.The effects of rolling time and molding temperature on air void volume and the dynamic stability(DS)were investigated to determine optimal compaction parameters.2Test materials2.1Material properties of asphalt–rubberSK70#base asphalt and crumb rubber(30mesh size)were used to produce asphalt–rubber for comparative tests of asphalt–rubber performance.The test methods followed ‘‘Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixtures for Highway Engineering’’from the industry standard of China(JTG E20-2011)[14]with main per-formance indices listed in Table1.2.2Material properties of aggregate andfillerThe test methods followed‘‘Test Methods of Aggregate for Highway Engineering’’(JTG E42-2005)and the main indices of the aggregate and mineralfiller in the asphalt–rubber mixtures are listed in Tables2and3,respectively. 3Test method and analysis3.1Optimization of aggregate gradation3.1.1Gradation-type selectionBased on the broad overview of a typical gradation type for an asphalt–rubber mixture,AR-AC-13(based on Arizona standards[2,12]),SMA-13(traditional stone matrix asphalt[15]),and AC-13(dense-graded asphalt mixture [15])were chosen as research materials on which to con-duct the rutting tests.Figure1shows the aggregate gra-dations of different mixtures.The rutting tests on the different asphalt mixtures fol-lowed‘‘Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixtures for Highway Engineering’’(JTG E20-2011)with parameters listed in Table4.The rutting test results for the different asphalt mixtures are given in Table5.Table5shows that the preferential order of the three kinds of mixtures based on high-temperature performance is:SMA-13[AR-AC-13[AC-13.This occurs because of the different characteristics of the mixtures.Because AC-13is a‘‘suspend-dense’’structure mixture, there is interference between the asphalt–rubber binder and the aggregate during compaction.This type of mixture is difficult to compact completely with asphalt–rubber.This most likely explains why the high-temperature perfor-mance indices of AC-13are the worst among the three kinds of asphalt mixtures.AR-AC-13has an aggregate gradation based on the Ari-zona standard with obvious gap gradation characteristics.By enhancing the high viscosity binder dosage and reducing the amount offine aggregate,especially thefiller,more voids appear in the mineral aggregate of AR-AC-13and moreTable1Properties of asphalt–rubberPerformance index Value Technical standard[9]Test method180°C rotation viscosity(Pa s) 2.8 2.5–5.0T0625 Softening point(°C)67.6[65T0606 Penetration(0.1mm)50.430–70T0604 Elastic recovery(%)78.0C60T0662Note The code of test method followed JTG E20-2011[14]274 C.Xiao et al.significant features appear in the framework structure.However,rutting test results show that the typical ‘‘S’’gra-dation type did not reach the expected target.One factor that contributes to the problem may be that with a reduction in filler,the asphalt mortar stiffness is reduced making the mixture prone to deformation.It is therefore difficult to achieve cohesion and stability in the AR-AC-13mixture.SMA-13is also a gap gradation mixture,but compared with AR-AC-13,the asphalt–rubber mixture based on tra-ditional SMA-13has more fine aggregate and less asphalt binder proportion,and the deficiencies in AR-AC-13can be overcome.3.1.2Gradation optimizationThe rutting test results of SMA-13with the asphalt–rubber were unable to meet heavy traffic demands [11].We therefore selected SMA-13(AR-SMA-13)for further adjustment of aggregate gradation.The optimal adjustment of the passing percentages through crucial sieves was studied to improve the high-temperature performance of AR-SMA-13.The key sieves for aggregate gradation were selected because:(1)the aggregate gradation should form a framework structure with excellent strength;(2)crumb rubber is coarse compared with conventional modifiers andTable 2Properties of aggregate Aggregate type Apparent density (g Ácm -3)Bulk density (g Ácm -3)Crushed stone value (%)Water-washing method\0.075mm (%)Flat and elongated particle in coarse aggregate (%)Water absorption (%)Sturdiness (%)Sandequivalent (%)10–15mm gravel 2.928 2.83411.20.27.8 1.840.3–5–10mm gravel 2.912 2.82611.60.27.1 1.880.3–Stone chip2.7252.725––––1.278.4Table 3Properties of filler Apparent density (g Ácm -3)Hydrophilic coefficient Plasticity index (%)Watercontent (%)Heating stability Pass percentage (%)2.7100.62.20.43Color did not change at 200°C\0.6mm 100.0\0.3mm 99.9\0.15mm 97.2\0.075mm 91.8Table 4Rutting test parameters Test parameters Value Molding method Wheel molding Specimen size 3009300950mm Test temperature 60±1°C Pressure 0.7±0.05MPa Loading distance 230±10mm Loading speed42±1times min -1Table 5Rutting test results for different asphalt mixtures Mixture type Asphalt content (%)Dynamic stability (times mm -1)Relative deformation (%)AR-AC-137.01,721 4.3SMA-13 5.83,219 2.9AC-134.31,4805.2Note Dynamic stability is defined as the axle loading time when the mixture specimen generates a 1-mm deformation.Relative deformation is defined as the ratio between final deformation and original mixture specimen height [11]High-temperature performance of asphalt–rubber mixture 275it is necessary to decrease thefiller proportion of AR-SMA-13and increase voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA)so that there is enoughfilling space for the asphalt–rubber binder in the asphalt–rubber mixture;and(3) 2.36mm is an important sieve size for aggregate gradation. The variation in the2.36-mm passing percentage would not influence the mixture volume parameters significantly.It is therefore helpful to reduce the influence caused by vari-ability in the other volume parameters.As discussed above,the passing percentages through the 0.075-and2.36-mm sieve sizes were selected as crucial sieves upon which to make adjustments.The changes in pass percentage are shown in Table6.Hot mix asphalt was designed according to the Marshall test[15]with results given in Table7(where VV is the volume of air voids and VFA is voidsfilled with asphalt).Rutting tests[14]were conducted to determine the optimal gradation type for AR-SMA-13.The DS and rel-ative deformation were chosen as evaluation indices. Table8shows the differences among the three types of mixtures from the rutting tests.As shown in Table8,the high-temperature stability of AR-SMA-13I reduced thefiller proportion from10%to 8%,yielded a better mixture than the other two types,and is the only mixture that meets the technical standards. Gradation adjustment to optimize the high-temperature performance of AR-SMA-13is therefore feasible.3.2Compound modification3.2.1Preparation of compound-modified sample Styrene–butadiene block copolymer(SBS)and viscosity-reducing additive(termed SAK)were chosen as modifiers to study compound modification on asphalt–rubber.Based on the different properties of SBS[16,17]and SAK[18], different preparation programs were formulated for the two types of compound-modified asphalt–rubber:(1)SBS-Rubber compound-modified asphalt(termed S-Rasphalt):(a)heat base asphalt to180°C,add SBS (2%)into base asphalt,and shear for30min using an emulsion shear apparatus at180°C and3,500rpm;(b)swell and develop for30min at150°C by manualmixing;(c)heat modified asphalt to190–200°C,add dry crumb rubber and then shear and develop for 45–60min using an emulsion shear apparatus at 3,000rpm.(2)SAK-Rubber compound-modified asphalt(termedK-R asphalt):(a)heat base asphalt to150°C,add SAK(2.5%)into base asphalt,and mix by hand;(b)heat modified asphalt to190–200°C,add drycrumb rubber,then shear and develop for45–60min at3,000rpm.3.2.2Asphalt binder testsPure asphalt–rubber,SBS asphalt,S-R asphalt,and K-R asphalt were selected to analyze the asphalt binder prop-erties.The evaluation indices chosen were180°C rotation viscosity,penetration,softening point,and elastic recovery with results shown in Fig.2.Comparative test results for the different asphalt–rubber types show that the high-temperature performance of all three types of asphalt–rubber(pure,S-R,and K-R)was better than SBS asphalt.In terms of compound modifica-tion:(1)S-R asphalt exhibits a better high-temperature performance for all indices compared with pure asphalt–rubber;the180°C rotation viscosity,softening point,and elastic recovery increased by10.7,17.6,and 3.8%,Table6Adjustment of aggregate gradationGradation type Pass percentage(%)13.2mm9.5mm 4.75mm 2.36mm 1.18mm0.6mm0.3mm0.15mm0.075mmStandard gradation[15]9562.52720.51916131210 Gradation I9562.52718.5171411108 Gradation II9562.52716.51512986Table7Results from the Marshall testGradation type Asphalt content(%)Bulk density(gÁcm-3)VV(%)VMA(%)VFA(%)Marshall stability(kN)Flow value(mm)Standard gradation 5.8 2.435 4.217.175.47.94 2.63 Gradation I 6.0 2.444 4.317.575.48.02 2.31 Gradation II 6.1 2.437 4.117.676.78.21 2.57276 C.Xiao et al.respectively,while the25°C penetration decreased by 4.6%.(2)SAK addition(viscosity-reducing additive) resulted in a K-R180°C rotation viscosity reduction of 60.7%compared with pure asphalt.This helps enhance mixture compactness and provide structural strength.The 25°C penetration of the K-R asphalt decreased by7.1%. Its softening point and elastic recovery increased by28.3 and1.3%,respectively.Compound modification in asphalt binder tests is therefore significant with the comprehensive high-temper-ature performance of the S-R asphalt being better than the other asphalt types.3.2.3Asphalt mixture testsRutting tests were conducted on the SBS asphalt mixture withoutfiber(SBS-SMA-13),asphalt–rubber mixture(AR-SMA-13),SBS-AR compound-modified mixture(SBS-AR-SMA-13),and SAK-AR compound-modified mixture (SAK-AR-SMA-13)with results shown in Fig.3.The following is concluded from the graphical illustra-tions in Fig.3:(1)Based on the DS and relative deformation,the preferen-tial order of the four kinds of mixtures was:SBS-AR-SMA-13[SAK-AR-SMA-13&SBS-SMA-13[AR-SMA-13.Table8Comparison of different mixtures for high-temperature performanceMixture type Dynamic stability(times mm-1)Relative deformation (%)Test value Standard Test value StandardAR-SMA-133,219C3,500 4.3B3.1AR-SMA-13I3,688 2.9AR-SMA-13II3,275 5.2High-temperature performance of asphalt–rubber mixture277(2)Compared with AR-SMA-13,the DS of SBS-AR-SMA-13increased by66.3%and the relative deformation increased by30.0%.The DS of SAK-AR-SMA-13increased by15.5%and its relative deformation increased by10.0%.Therefore,compound modification can improve high-temperature stability.(3)The high-temperature viscosity of SBS asphalt waslower than that of pure asphalt–rubber,but SBS-SMA-13had good rutting resistance.Therefore,for different types of asphalt with different mechanisms, the viscosity index is unilateral at times.We now need to integrate factors comprehensively to evaluate the high-temperature performance of asphalt and its mixtures.3.3Effect of molding parametersDuring the rutting test,the molding temperature and rolling times were closely related to the compactness and stability of the mixture.As demonstrated in the current standard (JTG E20-2011),12round-trips are recommended for the rolling time for molding rutting test specimens.The com-pactness of the baseline asphalt mixture meets the speci-fication demand after12round-trips of wheel-rolling.The standard also recommends a temperature of approximately 140–170°C to mold rutting test specimens.Because of the properties of high viscosity asphalt–rubber,the compact-ness and high-temperature stability of the asphalt–rubber mixture with recommended molding parameters are far below standard values[19].We selected rolling time and forming temperature as molding parameters to analyze the compaction effect on high-temperature performance of the asphalt–rubber mixture.3.3.1Rolling times for compactionDifferent rolling times(10,12,14,16,18,20,22,and24 round-trips)were selected for molding asphalt–rubber mixture specimens at uniform temperature(180°C).From Fig.4,we conclude that:278 C.Xiao et al.(1)The VV decreases with increase in rolling time,butthe rate of change decreases gradually.If the asphalt–rubber mixture is compacted with12round-trips by the wheel-rolling method,its VV is7.7%(larger than the objective of3%–5%[11]).This occurs because the viscosity of the asphalt–rubber binder is high, there is a thick covering of the aggregate with asphalt mortar,and the asphalt–rubber mixture is therefore harder to compact.(2)The compactness of the asphalt–rubber mixtureincreases with increase in rolling time and therefore the DS increases significantly.For the asphalt–rubber mixture,an increase in rolling time contributes to better structural strength and stability.To enhance mixture compactness and achieve high-temperature stability,the rolling times of the asphalt–rubber mixture should be controlled strictly.However,if the compactness were too high,it would result in interference between the binder and aggregate and bleeding in the asphalt pavement.So that the mixture VV reaches its objective value(3%–5%[11])and so that there is no interference in compaction,the rollingtimes for molding asphalt–rubber mixtures should be controlled between18and20round-trips.3.3.2Molding temperatureDifferent molding temperatures(140,150,160,170,180, and190°C)were chosen to mold rutting specimens at uniform rolling times(12round-trips).As shown in Fig.5, the molding temperature was closely related to the VV and DS.The VV decreased with increase in molding temper-ature.As the molding temperature increased,the high-temperature stability of the asphalt–rubber mixture improved significantly.The VV of the mixture molded at 140°C was1.5times that molded at190°C and the DS was52.1%of those molded at190°C.Figure5b indicates that with decline in temperature,the downtrend of the DS was more significant.The compaction temperature must therefore be controlled strictly to ensure good performance of the asphalt–rubber mixture.If the rolling time to mold rutting specimens is set at12round-trips,the temperature must be controlled at180–190°C to meet technical stan-dards(DS C3,500times mm-1).4Conclusion(1)The high-temperature stability of the mixtures variedas:AR-SMA-13[AR-AC-13[AC-13.The high-temperature performance of AR-SMA-13can be improved by adjustment of the SMA-13gradation.This results in a decrease of the0.075-mm passing percentage from10to8%and that of the2.36-mm passing percentage from20.5to18.5%.(2)The effects of compound modification in asphalt–rubber are significant.The comprehensive high-tem-perature performance of S-R asphalt is better than the other types of pared with pure asphalt–rubber,the K-R asphalt with SAK improved the high-temperature performance indices,such as,the soft-ening point,penetration,and elastic recovery.Its viscosity reduced significantly and therefore enhances mixture compactness to yield structural strength. (3)The high-temperature performance of the four mix-tures was:SBS-AR-SMA-13[SAK-AR-SMA-13&SBS-SMA-13[AR-SMA-13.The high-tem-perature stability can therefore be improved by compound modification,especially SBS compound modification in asphalt–rubber.(4)Compaction parameters,such as,molding tempera-ture and rolling times were closely related to the high-temperature stability of the asphalt–rubber mixture.With increase in rolling time,the compactness andHigh-temperature performance of asphalt–rubber mixture279dynamic stability of the asphalt–rubber mixtures increased gradually and the rolling times for molding the asphalt–rubber mixtures should be controlled for 18–20round-trips at uniform temperature(180°C).With decrease in compaction temperature,the com-pactness and dynamic stability of the asphalt–rubber mixture decreased by degrees.If setting rolling times of12round-trips were used as the uniform case(as for the SBS asphalt mixture),the compaction tem-perature must be controlled at180–190°C to meet technical standards.Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use,dis-tribution,and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s)and the source are credited.References1.Yang ZF,Li MJ,Wang XD(2005)The history and status ofrubber powder used in road-building.J Mater Civ Eng 22(7):19–22(in Chinese)2.Bahia HU,Davies R(1994)Effect of crumb rubber modifier(CRM)on performance related properties of asphalt binders.J Assoc Asphalt Paving Technol63:414–4383.Sun ZW,Chen B(2007)Guide for technical application ofasphalt rubber.China Communications Press,Beijing(in Chinese)4.Anderson J,Pampulim V,Saim R,et al(2000)Asphalt rubberlaboratory properties related to type and process technology of crumb rubber.In:Asphalt Rubber2000Proceedings,Portugal, pp371–3825.Huang P,Lv WM,Zhang FQ et al(2001)Research on perfor-mance and technology of the rubber powder modified asphalt mixture.China J Highw Transp14(12):2–5(in Chinese)6.Shen J,Amirkhanian S(2005)The influence of crumb rubbermodifier(CRM)microstructures on the high temperature prop-erties of CRM binders.Int J Pavement Eng6(4):265–2717.Bennert T,Hanson D,Maher A et al(2005)Influence of pave-ment surface type on tire/pavement generated noise.J Test Eval 33(2):94–1008.Wang XD,Li MJ,Lu KJ et al(2008)The applied technology ofthe crumb rubber in the asphalt and mixture.China Communi-cations Press,Beijing,pp111–124(in Chinese)9.Ye ZG,Kong XM,Yu JY et al(2003)Investigation on crumbrubber modified asphalt.J Wuhan Univ Technol25(1):11–14(in Chinese)10.Ling TQ,Xiao C,Xia W et al(2010)Characteristics of asphalt–rubber mortar and aggregate gradation optimization based on high temperature condition.J Civ Archit Environ Eng 32(5):47–52(in Chinese)11.Ministry of Communications Highway Research Institute(2008)Guide for design and construction of asphalt rubber and mixtures.China Communications Press,Beijing(in Chinese)12.Arizona Department of Transportation Standard Specificationsfor Road&Bridge Construction,Phoenix,AZ,200013.Pasquini E,Canestrari F,Cardone F et al(2011)Performanceevaluation of gap graded asphalt rubber mixtures.Constr Build Mater25(4):2014–202214.P.R.China Ministry of Communications(2011)Standard testmethods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engi-neering(JTG E20-2011).China Communications Press,Beijing (in Chinese)15.P.R.China Ministry of Communications(2004)Technical spec-ifications for construction of highway asphalt pavement(JTG F40-2004).China Communications Press,Beijing(in Chinese) 16.Lu XH,Isacsson U,Ekblad J(1999)Phase separation of SBSpolymer modified bitumens.J Mater Civ Eng11(1):51–57 17.Wang T,Cai HM,Zhang YZ(2008)Study on mechanism of SBSmodified asphalt.Pet Asphalt6(22):10–14(in Chinese)18.Gao XF,Liu LP,Liu HF et al(2009)Performance evaluation ofwarm-asphalt mixture with SAK.Highw Eng34(6):51–54(in Chinese)19.Xiao C(2009)Research on high temperature performance andconstruction technology of asphalt–rubber and mixture.Disser-tation,Congqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing(in Chinese) 20.Huang WD,Wei W,Huang Y et al(2010)Influencing factorresearch on high-temperature performance of asphalt rubber mixture.J Tongji Univ38(7):1023–1028(in Chinese)280 C.Xiao et al.。

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