新编英语教程5unit3
新编跨文化交际英语教程-参考答案Unit-3
Unit 3Cultural DiversityReading IDifferent Lands, Different FriendshipsComprehension questions1. Why is it comparatively easy to make friends in the United States?Because few Americans stay put for a lifetime. With each move, forming new friendship becomes a necessity and part of their new life.2. Do people from different countries usually have different expectations about whatconstitutes friendship and how it comes into being?Yes. The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is their different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being.3. How is friendship in America different from friendship in West Europe?In West Europe, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relationships, is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment, while in America the word “friend” can be applied to a wide range of relationship and a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring.4. In what country does friendship have much to do with one’s family? And in what country does it not?In Germany, friendship has much to do with one‘s family as friends are usually brought into the family, while in France it doesn’t as, for instance, two men may have been friends for a long time without knowing each other‘s personal life.5. What is friendship like when it is compartmentalized?For instance, a man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinions, or he may talk politics with him for as long a time without knowing about his personal life. Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life.6. What are friendships usually based on in England?English friendships are based on shared activity. Activities at different stages of life may be of very different kinds. In the midst of the activity, whatever it may be, people fall into steps and find that they participate in the activity with the same easy anticipation of what each will do day by day or in some critical situation.7. Do you think friendship shares some common elements in different cultures? If you do, what are they?Yes. There is the recognition that friendship, in contrast with kinship, invokes freedom of choice. A friend is someone who chooses and is chosen. Related to this is the sense each friend gives the other of being a special individual, on whatever grounds this recognition is based. And between friends there is inevitably a kind of equality of give-and-take.8. What do you think is the typical Chinese concept of friendship? Is it similar to or different from any of the Western friendships?It seems that the typical Chinese concept of friendship lays great emphasis on personal loyalty and also has much to do with family. It may be similar to Germany friendship to some extent and quite different from other Western friendships. Reading IIComparing and Contrasting CulturesComprehension questions1. How is the mainstream American culture different from the Japanese culture? Americans believe that human nature is basically good and man is the master of nature. They are future-oriented and “being”-oriented. Their social orientation is toward the importance of the individual and the equality of all people. However, the Japanese believe that human nature is a mixture of good and evil. Man is in harmony with nature. They are both past-oriented and future-oriented. And they are both “growing-”and “doing-”oriented. They give emphasis to authorities and the group.2. Can you find examples to support the author’s view of traditional cultures in different value orientations?For example, the traditional Indian culture believes that man is subjugated by nature and it is being-oriented (which can be exemplified by its caste system). Also, traditional Chinese culture is past-oriented, for emphasis has long been given to learning from the old and past.3. Why do Americans tend to equate “change” with “improvement” and regard rapid change as normal?Concerning orientation toward time, Americans are dominated by a belief in progress. They are future-oriented. They believe that “time is money”and have an optimistic faith in the future and what the future will bring. So they tend to equate “change” with “improvement” and consider a rapid rate of change as normal.4. What does “Electric Englishman” mean when it is used to describe the American? As for activity, Americans are so action-oriented that they tend to be hyperactive. That’s why that they have been described as “Electric Englishmen”, who always keep themselves busy.5. How would you explain the fact that contradictory values may exist in the same culture?As time changes faster and faster and there is more contact between cultures, it is more likely to find contradictory values existing in the same culture. This is especially the case in a society that is being transformed from a traditional one into a modern one. For example, in the Japanese culture, some people may still be very past-oriented and some are rather future-oriented, and even the same people may be sometimes past-oriented in certain situations and sometime future-oriented in other situations. 6. What can we get from models of this kind about cultural differences?Models of this kind are quite useful in giving rough pictures of striking contrasts and differences of different cultures. However, such a model only compares cultures on some basic orientations. It does not tell us everything about every conceivable culture. We have to recognize that models of this kind are over-simplifications and can only give approximations of reality.7. Do cultural values change as time changes?Yes, the values may be in the process of marked change due to rapid modernization and globalization. However, they have a way of persisting in spite of change. The evolution of values is a slow process, since they are rooted in survival needs and passed on from generation to generation.8. How is communication influenced by differing cultural values?Putting people from one culture into another culture with radically different value orientations could cause stress, disorientation, and breakdowns in communication. Case StudyCase 9Hierarchy is significant in the Japanese culture. This structure is reflected everywhere in Japanese life, at home, school, community, organizations, and traditional institutions such as martial arts or flower arrangements.In this case, the young chairman must have had his own ideas about how to manage the company; however, when encountered with his grandfather’s d issenting opinions, he dared not to take a stand against him. This may manifest the rigid hierarchical structure in the Japanese society. In the Japanese society, how hierarchy is formed depends mainly on seniority, social roles, and gender. As a respectable senior member of the family and the former leader of the company, the grandfather obviously overpowered the inexperienced young chairman. In other words, the grandfather seemed to be an absolute authority for the young chairman. In Japanese culture, cha llenging or disagreeing with elders’ opinions would be deemed as being disrespectful and is often condemned. People in lower positions are expected to be loyal and obedient to authority. That‘s why the young chairman didn’t say anything but just nodded and agreed with his grandfather.But Phil seemed to know little about the Japanese culture in this aspect. In many Western cultures, particularly American culture, seniority seldom matters very much in such situations, and young people are usually encouraged to challenge authority and voice their own opinions. Unfortunately, his outspoken protest could easily offend the grandfather and he might be regarded as a rude and ill-bred person by other Japanese.Case 10In Japan, a company is often very much like a big family, inwhich the manger(s) will take good care of the employees and the employees are expected to devote themselves to the development of the company and, if it is necessary, to sacrifice their own individual interests for the interests of the company, from which, in the long run, the employees will benefit greatly. But for the French, a company is just a loosely- knit social organization wherein individuals are supposed to take care of themselves and their families. Moreover, the way the French make decisions in the family might also be different from the typical Japanese one, which may not often involve females and the power to decide usually lies with the dominating male. As there are such cultural differences between the Japanese and the Frenc h, Mr. Legrand’s decision made Mr. Tanaka feel dumbfounded.Case 11Incidents such as these can point to possible cultural differences in so-called “polite” behavior, and at the same time highlight the tendency for people to react emotionally to unexpected behavior.People in most cultures would probably agree that an apology is needed when an offence or violation of social norms has taken place. However, there may be differing opinions as to when we should apologize (what situations call for an apology) and how we should apologize. To many Westerners, Japanese apologize more frequently and an apology in Japanese does not necessarily mean that the person is acknowledging a fault.To many Japanese, Westerners may seem to be rude just because they do not apologize as often as the Japanese would do. In this case, for instance, the attitude of the Australian student’s parents is shocking to the Japanese but will be acceptable in an English-speaking society, for the student is already an adult and can be responsible for her own deeds.Case 12In this case, it seems that the Chinese expectations were not fulfilled. First, having two people sharing host responsibilities could be somewhat confusing to the hierarchically minded Chinese. Second, because age is often viewed as an indication of seniority, the Chinese might have considered the youth of their Canadianhosts as slight to their own status. Third, in China, it is traditional for the host to offer a welcome toast at the beginning of the meal, which is the reciprocated by the guests; by not doing so, the Canadian might be thought rude. The abrupt departure of the Chinese following the banquet was probably an indication that they were not pleased with the way they were treated. The Canadians’ lack of understanding of the Chinese culture and the Chinese ways of communication clearly cost them in their business dealings with the visiting delegation.。
练习册翻译答案解析新编英语教程5第三版
练习册翻译答案解析新编英语教程5第三版Unit One1.在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。
(drive sth. home)After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point.2. 差不多花了半年功夫，我们才完成了那个研究项目。
(more or less)It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.3.他说的话如此微妙，我们很难理解他的真实意图。
(subtle)What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.4.他的新书一针见血地审视了当代的社会问题。
(squarely)His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.5.今日的年轻一代对互联网上的最新信息很关注。
(be alive to)The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet.6.外语是不是在童年更容易学好？这是一个观点问题。
(a matter of)It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learnedin one’s childhood or otherwise.7. 在挫折面前千万不要丧失信心；鼓起勇气坚定不移地去克服它。
(take courage) Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely.8. 适量的米饭、肉类、蔬菜、水果构成均衡的饮食。
新编英语教程(第三版)第一册第六课课件
If two call you a donkey, check for hoof prints. If three call
us.
新编英语教程（第三版）第一册
Unit 6 Save Our Pandas Lead-In LSP Dialogue Role Play Reading Exercises
gross: (infml) very unpleasant to look at or think about e.g.: Ooh, gross! I hate spinach!
wet my fur: urinate on my fur 尿湿身上
新编英语教程（第三版）第一册
Unit 6 Save Our Pandas Lead-In LSP Dialogue Role Play Reading Exercises
humiliation: a feeling of shame and great embarrassment, because you have been made to look stupid or weak 羞辱 e.g.: She faced the humiliation of discussing her husband’s
新编英语教程（第三版）第一册
A New English Course (Third Edit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Unit 7
Unit 8
Unit 9
Unit 10
Unit 11
Unit 12
Unit 13
Unit 14
Unit 15
Unit 6 Save Our Pandas Lead-In LSP Dialogue Role Play Reading Exercises
新编英语教程第三版第5册Unit6-10重点词汇短语语言点
新编英语教程第三版第5册Unit6-10重点词汇短语语言点Unit61.Join in a symposium on sth./be included on the program参加一个有关...的研讨会2.Symposium seminar conference convention注意区分3.anchorman新闻节目主播4.Distinguished extinguish distinct distinctive instinct extinct5.To the core彻底地道的6.Aggressive progress progression regress digress7.Savvy：well-informed and perceptive:shrewd精明能干的有见识的8.Solid：definitely good and steady but perhaps not excellent or special相当不错的（但谈不上特别或出色的）9.In the ways and means在各方面10.,as i understand it,我认为11.Scrutinize：to observe or examine with great care~the diamond for flaws仔细察看钻石有无瑕疵12.Address a question to sb.提出问题13.Colleague college collage14.Prone be prone to...有。
倾向的15.Distortion歪曲扭曲事实的陈述16.React as though+从句17.Be blamed for/scold fault condemn因...而受到责难18.Deal with有关关于this is a book dealing with sth.19.Downside n.负面消极面20.At most至多；最迟21.Be apt to22.Sniper狙击兵23.Devalue贬值=devaluate24.Solely完全单独独自25.Collide with与...相撞26.Misshapen畸形的27.Catastrophe:a sudden event that causes many people to suffer灾难；灾祸；横祸28.Change for the better29.Underinformed&overinformed了解不足&知之甚多30.In turn转而31.Defeatism:an attitude to expect not to succeed32.Inhibitor抑制剂抑制者33.An unrelieved diet of=all coverage of比喻意多得令人生厌的事物Unrelieved:(formal)(of an unpleasant situation令人不快的情况)continuing without changing 持续不变的；未缓和的34.Deplete使空虚使消耗~sth of sthSurely it is an economic nonsense to deplete the world of natural resources.耗尽世界的自然资源毋庸置疑是愚蠢的经济行为。
新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit3)
当我开始阐述自己的见解时，他叫我把方程式写在黑板上，这样他就能明白它们是怎么展开。
接着他提出了一个令人惊鄂但又非常可爱的请求：“请你漫漫地写，我理解东西不快。
”这种话竟出自爱因斯坦之口！他说得很温和，我笑了。
从此残留的畏惧之情都烟消云散了。
爱因斯坦于1879年出生在德国的乌尔姆市。
他并非神童式的人物。
事实上他说话很晚，他的父母甚至担心他是弱、智儿。
上学后,虽然老师们看不出他有什么天分，但天才的迹象已经显露。
例如，他自学微积分，老师们有些怕他，因为他总问些他们回答不出的问题。
因此，十六岁时他就问自己是否当人跟着光波跑得一样快的时候它会好像是静止的。
由这一天真的问题的引发，十年之后他创立了相对论。
爱因斯坦没有通过苏黎士瑞士联邦工艺学校的入学考试，但在一年后被录取了。
在那，他除了完成规定的学业外，还自修了物理学的经典著作。
他申请教学职位没有通过，终于在1902年在伯尔尼找了一个专利督察员的差使，三年后，他的天才结出了累累硕果。
在令人难忘的1905年，他创造了很多非同寻常的东西，其中就有相对论极其著名的衍生公式，E≒mc （能量等于质量乘以光速的平方），以及有关光的量子论。
这两个理论不仅具有革命性，而且表面上看来是相互对立的：前者与光波论联系紧密，后者则表示光似乎由粒子构成。
但这个不为人知的年轻人大胆地将这两个理论同时抛出----- 而且他的这两个理论都是正确的，至于他为何是正确的，其中的缘由过于复杂，此处就不多说了。
与爱因斯坦一同工作是令人无法忘怀的经历。
1937年，我和波兰物理学家利奥波德.因费尔德问他能否与他一起工作。
他听到这个提议很高兴，因为他有个关于地心引力的想法有待进一步深入探讨。
这样我们不仅了解了作为朋友的爱因斯坦，也了解了作为专家的他。
他专心致志的强度和深度简直令人难以置信。
着手解决一个棘手问题时，他会像动物追咬猎物一样坚持不懈。
当我们的工作遇到似乎难以逾越的障碍时，他会站起身，把笔放到桌子上，用他腔调奇特的英语说着“我要显一显”（他发不准“想”这个音）。
李观仪《新编英语教程》第5册 UNIT3
3. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827), German composer, was one of music‟s greatest geniuses. His works have a rare originality, emotional depth, and expressive power. He was known for his nine symphonies, piano concertos and sonatas, and string quartets. Most of Beethoven‟s compositions were written in the classical forms established by his predecessors Mozart and Haydn, so he is sometimes considered the last great composer in the classical tradition. But he also remoulded and expanded the old forms and infused them with highly personal intensity of emotion, so he is also referred to as the first of the Romantics.
5. The Nazis Nazism is a political doctrine of racial supremacy, nationalism, and dictatorship. Nazi is an abbreviated form of the German words for National Socialism. It was Adolf Hitler, a member of national Socialist German Workers‟ Party, who developed the programme for Nazism in his book Mein Kampf (1925 – 1927 My Battle). He defined the Germanic peoples as race, called Aryans, superior to other races. He blamed Germany‟s troubles on Jewish capitalism, communism, and the heavy reparation payments Germany was required to make to the victorious Allies by the Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) that ended the First World Warard Nobel (1833 – 1896), a distinguished Swedish chemist and industrialist, provided for the award of the Nobel prizes. He experimented with different kinds of explosives such as nitroglycerin and dynamite, both deadly explosives. However, he was a pacifist and he feared that his inventions might further warfare. In his will he left about $9,000,000,00 in a fund to reward those who did most for their fellow men in science, literature, and peace. In his will, he specified that the interest accrued by the fund “be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind” in the field of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, regardless of nationality.
综合英语教程(第三版)5电子教案unit3part1
that had crawled all the way up from Miramar and lay in wait for us somewhere in a deep pool of the arroyo – a monster no less real because he lived only in our imagination. 4 When the older boys of the village came to the pond on Sunday afternoons we watched them swim and dive. From a high branch of the big nogal they dropped a swing made of bush vines we called liana, braided like the women of the pueblo3 did their hair. The boy who was to dive next waited up in the nogal.
Comprehension questions
1. In what way is the village Jalcocotan an easy place for cபைடு நூலகம்ildren to live?
2. What are the examples of children’s easy and carefree lives?
EDUCATION
POSITION Report
Advanced English 5
李观仪《新编英语教程(5)》(第3版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
李观仪《新编英语教程（5）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】目录Unit 1 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 2 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 3 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 4 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 5 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 6 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 7 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 8 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 9 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 10 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 11 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案Unit 12 一、词汇短语 二、参考译文 三、课文注释 四、练习答案弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介《新编英语教程（第3版）学习指南》按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及单元语法、词汇短语、参考译文、课文精解以及练习答案等内容，旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教材中的重点及难点知识，具有很强的针对性和实用性。
在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲解深入浅出，希望它能得到广大英语专业学生和英语自学者的喜爱和认可。
弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录Unit 1一、词汇短语Text I1clumsy [5klQmzi] adj. moving or doing things in a very awkward way 笨拙的，拙劣的：I spilt your coffee. Sorry—that was clumsy of me.我把你的咖啡弄洒了。
新编英语教程 3 Unit 5 the Light of the End of the Chunnel
Facts1
• The tunnel consists of 3 interconnected tubes: 1 rail track each way plus 1 service tunnel. • Its length is 31 miles, of which 23 miles are underwater. • Its average depth is 150 feet under the seabed. • The channel crossing time for Eurostar is only 20 minutes.
In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy, France, conquered England and became King William I of England
In 1154 King Henry II recovered the English throne
In 1337, Edward III of England (1327-1377) took the title of King of France.
Channel Tunnel Inauguration
On May 7th, 1994, France and Britain opened a new era in their history of conflict. The French President and the British Queen cut the ribbon at the dedication ceremony for the Chunnel.
Facts2
• The Chunnel cost $15 billion to create. • The tunnels are used for both freight and passenger traffic. • The three tunnels combined make up 95 miles of tunnels dug by nearly 13,000 engineers, technicians, and workers. • The volume of rubble removed from the tunnel increases the size of Britain by 90 acres. The rubble, equivalent to 68 football fields, has been made into a park.
新编英语教程5Unit 3
paragraph 4
vestige: a trace of something that is disappearing or no longer exists
E.g.: With the overthrow of the monarchy, all vestiges of feudalism are gone.
Examples： He visited the exhibition and stood in awe of the fossils
of prehistoric animals． The audience listened to the learned philosopher in
awe．
My Friend, Albert Einstein
My Friend, Albert Einstein
Paragraph 1
instinctively: intuitively，直觉地，本能 地
extraordinary：unusual
My Friend, Albert Einstein
Paragraph 1
In Hoffmann’s opinion “simplicity” is the best word to describe the essence of Einstein’s character. The abstract notion of simplicity is explained by a phrase in the first paragraph. Which is it? Knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter.
Unit3Lying全新版大学英语综合教程五课文翻译
Unit 3 LyingText A The Truth About Lying1. I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but oftenrather intolerant point of view about what we can —and can nevernever — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that Ican't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree?Social Lies2. Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?3. Will you say to people, when it simply isn't true, "I like your new hairdo," "You're looking much better," "it's so nice to see you," "I had a wonderful time"?4. Will you praise hideous presents and homely kids?5. Will you decline invitations with "We're busy that night — so sorry we can't come," when the truth is you'd rather stay home than dine with the So-and-sos?6. And even though, as I do, you may prefer the polite evasion of "You really cooked up a storm "instead of "The soup" —which tastes like warmed-over coffee —"is wonderful," will you, if you must, proclaim it wonderful?7. There's one man I know who absolutely refuses to tell social lies. "I can't play that game," he says; "I'm simply not made that way." And his answer to the argument that saying nice things to someonedoesn't cost anything is, "Yes, it does — it destroys your credibility." Now, he won't, unsolicited, offer his views on thepainting you just bought, but you don't ask his frank opinion unless you want frank, and his silence at those moments when the rest of us liars are muttering, "Isn't it lovely?" is, for the most part, eloquent enough. My friend does not indulge in what he calls "flattery, false praise and mellifluous comments." When others tell fibs he will not go along. He says that social lying is lying, that little white lies are still lies. And he feels that telling lies is morally wrong. What about you?Peace-Keeping Lies8. Many people tell peace-keeping lies: lies designed to avoid irritation or argument, lies designed to shelter the liar from possible blame or pain; lies (or so it is rationalized) designed to keep trouble at bay without hurting anyone.9. I tell these lies at times, and yet I always feel they're wrong.I understand why we tell them, but still they feel wrong. And whenever I lie so that someone won't disapprove of me or think less of me or holler at me, I feel I'm a bit of a coward, I feel I'm dodging responsibility, I feel...guilty. What about you?10. Do you, when you're late for a date because you overslept, say that you're late because you got caught in a traffic jam?11. Do you, when you forget to call a friend, say that you called several times but the line was busy?12. Do you, when you didn't remember that it was your father's birthday, say that his present must be delayed in the mail?13. And when you're planning a weekend in New York City and you're not in the mood to visit your mother, who lives there, do you conceal —with a lie, if you must — the fact that you'll be in New York? Or do you have the courage — or is it the cruelty? — to say, "I'll be in New York, but sorry — I don't plan on seeing you"?14. (Dave and his wife Elaine have two quite different points of view on this very subject. He calls her a coward. She says she's being wise. He says she must assert her right to visit New York sometimes and not see her mother. To which she always patiently replies: "Why should we have useless fights? My mother's too old to change. We get along much better when I lie to her.")15. Finally, do you keep the peace by telling your husband lies on the subject of money? Do you reduce what you really paid for your shoes?And in general do you find yourself ready, willing and able to lie to him when you make absurd mistakes or lose or break things?16. "I used to have a romantic idea that part of intimacy was confessing every dumb thing that you did to your husband. But after a couple of years of that," says Laura, "haveI changed my mind!"17. And having changed her mind, she finds herself telling peacekeeping lies. And yes, I tell them too. What about you?Protective Lies18. Protective lies are lies folks tell —often quite seriouslies —because they're convinced that the truth would be too damaging. They lie because they feel there are certain human values that supersede the wrong of having lied. They lie, not for personalgain, but because they believe it's for the good of the personthey're lying to. They lie to those they love, to those who trust them most of all, on the grounds that breaking this trust is justified.19. They may lie to their children on money or marital matters.20. They may lie to the dying about the state of their health.21. They may lie to their closest friend because the truth about her talents or son or psyche would be — or so they insist — utterly devastating.22. I sometimes tell such lies, but I'm aware that it's quite presumptuous to claim I know what's best for others to know. That's called playing God . That's called manipulation and control. And wenever can be sure, once we start to juggle lies, just where they'll land, exactly where they'll roll.23. And furthermore, we may find ourselves lying in order to backup the lies that are backing up the lie we initially told.24. And furthermore —let's be honest —if conditions were reversed, we certainly wouldn't want anyone lying to us.25. Yet, having said all that, I still believe that there are times when protective lies must nonetheless be told. What about you?Trust-Keeping Lies26. Another group of lies are trust-keeping lies, lies that involve triangulation, with A (that's you) telling lies to B on behalf of C (whose trust you'd promised to keep). Most people concede that onceyou've agreed not to betray a friend's confidence, you can't betray it, even if you must lie. But I've talked with people who don't want you telling them anything that they might be called on to lie about.27. "I don't tell lies for myself," says Fran, "and I don't want to have to tell them for other people." Which means, she agrees, that ifher best friend is having an affair, she absolutely doesn't want to know about it.28. "Are you saying," her best friend asks, "that you'd betray me?"29. Fran is very pained but very adamant. "I wouldn't want to betray you, so…don't tell me anything about it."30. Fran's best friend is shocked. What about you?31. Do you believe you can have close friends if you're not prepared to receive their deepest secrets?32. Do you believe you must always lie for your friends?33. Do you believe, if your friend tells a secret that turns out to be quite immoral or illegal, that once you've promised to keep it, you must keep it?34. And what if your friend were your boss — if you were perhaps one of the President's men — would you betray or lie for him over, say, Watergate?35. As you can see, these issues get terribly sticky.36. It's my belief that once we've promised to keep a trust, we must tell lies to keep it. I also believe that we can't tell Watergate lies. And if these two statements strike you as quite contradictory,you're right —they're quite contradictory. But for now they're the best I can do. What about you?37. There are those who have no talent for lying.38. "Over the years, I tried to lie," a friend of mine explained, "but I always got found out and I always got punished. I guess I gavemyself away because I feel guilty about any kind of lying. It looks as if I'm stuck with telling the truth."39. For those of us, however, who are good at telling lies, for those of us who lie and don't get caught, the question of whether or not to lie can be a hard and serious moral problem. I liked the remark of a friend of mine who said, "I'm willing to lie. But just as a lastresort — the truth's always better."40. "Because," he explained, "though others may completely accept the lie I'm telling, I don't."41. I tend to feel that way too.42. What about you?关于说谎的真相朱迪斯·维奥斯特我一直想写一个令我深感兴趣的话题:关于说谎的问题。
新编英语教程5 Unit 3 My Friend Albert Einstein
Unit THREE: TEXT IWords and Expressions1)knack (l. 5) n. a clever way of doing something2)be in awe of (l. 13) have respect as well as fear and reverence for3)staggering (l. 20) adj. unexpectedly surprising; astoundinge.g. The external debts of that country are staggering. (大得惊人)stagger: vt. cause shocked disbliefe.g. He was staggered by the news that his parents were killed in that traffic accident.4)vestiges (l. 22) pl. n. tracese.g. With the overthrow of the monarchy, all vestiges of feudalism are gone.vestiges of an ancient civilization 古代文明的遗迹带否定词时用单数：without a vestige of clothing 一丝不挂No vestige of a change appeared. 没有一点改变。
5)ultimately (l. 33) adv. finally; after a long series of events6)recalcitrant (l. 47) adj. hard to deal with; unmanageableIt’s often used to describe a person or an animal that is hard to keep under one’s control.n. a recalcitrant person. 执拗的人，桀骜不驯的人，不顺从的人antonyms: docile/obedient7)worry (l. 47)vt.assail a problem again and again until it is solved, just like a dog biting some small animals repeatedly, shaking it or pulling at it with the teeth8)surcease (l. 66) n. (archaic) cessation, pause9)plausible (l. 81) adj. seeming to be reasonable10)a house of cards (l. 86) an insecure scheme n.纸牌做的房子, 不牢靠的计划11)ineffable (l. 109) adj. unutterable; incapable of being expressed in words 不可言表的It is used to describe something positive that is too wonderful to be described.e.g. ~ joy / happiness / delight / beauty12)elusively whimsical (l. 110) indescribably quaint or strange 捉摸不透的古怪13)convey (l. 1) vt. make known (ideas, views, feelings) to another personcollocation: ~ + meaning/feeling/essence/etc. in a worde.g. I can't convey my feelings in words.Mary asked me to convey her gratitude to you.Please convey to him my best wishes14)none the worse for (l. 5) not harmed by; not adversely affected bynone the + 比较级/none too/none so: 一点也不，决没有e.g. He got lost in the street for quite a while, but was none the worse for it.She did it none too well. 她做得一点儿也不好。
新编英语教程5 (Unit1-10)单词
Unit One Hit the Nail on the Head1. drive sth home: force (the nail) into the right place; make sth unmistakably clear.2. scrupulous: painstaking meticulous3. far afield: very far away4. rife:1) widespread common 2)full of5. leader: British English for newspaper editorial6. coercion: pressure compulsion7. epitomize: be typical of; serve as the typical example of8. disprove: prove to be contrary; refute9. expire: die pass away; come to an end10. indigent: poverty-stricken pennilessUnit Two Beware the dirty seas1. sluice: (v.) to pour as if from a sluice(水闸)，i.e. a man-made passage for water fitted with a gate for stopping and regulating the flow; (n.) a channel controlling water flow2. nurture: further the development of; care for3. evolve: develop gradually (by a long continuous process)4. endemic: (of a disease) found regularly in a particular place5. litany: repetition. The literal meaning of“litany”is“a prayer consisting of a series of invocations and supplications by the leader with respo nses by the congregation”.6. flush: pour; flood with water to clean out (See dictionary)7. lurk: exist unseen8. effluent: liquid wastes such as chemicals or sewage that flows out from a factory or some other places into a river or the sea9. plankton: very small forms of plant and animal life that live in a body off water浮游生物10. slime: unple asa nt sticky substance such as the thick sticky liquid on the skin of various fishUnit Three My Friend Albert Einstein1. knack: a clever way of doing things2. be in awe of: have respect as well as fear and reverence for3. staggering: unexpectedly surprising; astounding4. vestiges: traces5. ultimately: finally; after a long series of time6. recalcitrant: hard to deal with; unmanageable7. worry: assail a problem again and again until it is solved just like a dog biting some small animals repeatedly shaking it or pulling it with the teeth8. surcease: (archaic) cessation pause9. plausible: seeming to be reasonable10. a house of cards: an insecure scheme11. ineffable: unutterable; incapable of being expressed in words12. elusively whimsical: indescribably quaint or strangeUnit Four The Invisible Poor1. perennial: lasting forever or for a long time2. rutted roads: roads with deep narrow marks made by the wheels of vehicles3. be exempt from: be freed from a duty. service payment etc.4. tenement: a large building especially one in the poor part of a city which is divided into small flats which are rented cheaply5. affluent: wealthy prosperous6. compound v.: /kom'paund/ make worse by adding (something) to . . . (often used in the passive)7. existential: relating to human experience (a formal-word)8. lurid: sensational shocking9. dispossessed: people who have lost all their possessions10. cynical: doubtful as to whether something will happen or whether it is worthwhile11. involvement: connection12. old rhetoric of reform: writings about reform in the past that sounded fine and important but were really insincere and meaninglessUnit Five The Plug—in Drug:TV and the American FamilyPartⅠ1. afflict: trouble2. asset: valuable object; advantage3. preposterous: unthinkable abs urd4. splintering: splitting breaking up5. the peer group: a group of people of the same age class position. etc. here group of children of the same age6. television-oriented: interested in and influenced by TV7. equivocal: ambiguous8. sorcerer: person who performs magic by using the power of evil spirits9. stint: fixed amount of work: here the fixed TV programme10. conjure up: bring into the mind11. san e: (in this context) in possession of good relations/of a close bond12. backlog: a reserveUnit Six Preparing for College1. driving motive: the incentive / encouragement that urges them on;2. the rudiments: the basics the fundamentals (The word rudiments is always in the plural form when used in this sense.)3. metaphysics: the branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts etc.形而上学，玄学，纯粹哲学4. conscious culture: the culture (i.e. customs arts etc) that is directly perceptible or known to us5. fanatic: one who is very enthusiastic about a particular activity6. personify: express or represent ( a quality in human form)7. sedentary: inactive; done while sitting down8. underline: indicate the importance of9. balked: baffled; frustrated10. a maddening lot: a wild uncontrollable group11. righteous sects: morally justifiable groups of people whose religious beliefs are considereddifferent form those of a larger group12. relish:味味道兴趣;开胃小菜;great enjoymentUnit Seven Grouping the Gifted:Pro1. innate: belonging to an individual from birth2. pursuit: an activity that one engages in as a profession vocation or avocation3. athlete: person who practises athletics; competitor or skilled performer in physical exercises4. heterogeneously: in such a way that members are very different from one another5. criterion /--ia: standard on which a decision may be based6. snob: one who has an offensive air of superiority (here in matters of knowledge)7. elite: a socially superior group8. instill: put (ideas etc. ) gradually but firmly into someone's mind by continuous effort9. spark: encourage; stimulate into greater activity10. latent: present and capable of becoming though not now visible or active11. skyrocket: rise or increase rapidly12. pay dividends: produce an advantage. especially as a result of an earlier action (dividend: that part of the money made by a business which is divided among those who own shares in the business红利)Unit Eight Why Nothing Works1. savant: a man of learning especially a person with detailed knowledge in some specialized field2. corollary: an immediate inference from a proved proposition3. forestall: defeat prevent by prior measures4. commitment: a pledge to follow certain beliefs or a certain course of action; devotion (to duty etc. )5. artifact: a usually small object (as a tool or an ornament) showing human workmanship that has special historical interest6. evoke: bring to mind7. projectile point: the tip of a weapon that is thrust forward; spear or arrowhead8. band: a group of people formed for some common purpose and often with a leader9. barter: trade by exchanging one commodity for another10. alienation: a withdrawing or separation of a person from an object or position of former attachment; a feeling of not belonging to or being part of one's surroundingsUnit Nine Where Is the News Leading Us?1. symposium: a conference in which experts or scholars discuss a certain subject2. scrutinize: examine very closely and carefully3. distortion: misrepresentation; a false or dishonest account4. eruptive: (in this context) sensational shocking disturbing5. collide with: crash violently into; run into (one another)6. ingredient: a component part of something7. inhibitor: one who holds back prevents8. deplete: exhaust use up reduce9. cynicism: disbelief in the sincerity of human motives10. antidote: remedy corrective; something that prevents or counteracts11. envision: picture mentally imagine visualize12. caricature: a picture ludicrously滑稽的exaggerating the peculiarities or defects of persons or thingsUnit Ten Things:The Throw—Away Society1. Humanoid: having human form or characteristics2. texture: the degree of roughness or smoothness coarseness or fineness of a substance or material especially as felt by touch; visual and tactile qualities of a surface3. staggering: stunning wondrous breathtaking4. deride: laugh at contemptuously; to scoff at or mock5. transience: temporariness impermanence; the quality or state of being temporary or impermanent。
新编英语教程5第三版unit two The Great Escape
• 5. worth
• .V-T If something is worth a particular amount of money, it can be sold for that amount or is considered to have that value. 值…钱 A local jeweler says the pearl is worth at least $500. 一位本地珠 宝商说这颗珍珠至少值$500。 • Worth combines with amounts of money, so that when you talk about a particular amount of money‘s worth of something, you mean the quantity of it that you can buy for that amount of money. 价值…的 • I went and bought about six dollars' worth of potato chips. 我 去买了价值约六美元的土豆片。 • PRON Worth is also a pronoun. 可维持 (一段时间) 的 There's really not very much food down there. About two weeks' worth. 那里真的没什么食物了。大约能维持两周的。
• 2. shun v. If you shun someone or something, you deliberately avoid them or keep away from them. 有意回避 e.g.: From that time forward everybody shunned him. 从那时起，人人都有意回避他。
新编英语教程(第三版)第5册 Unit 1
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Question 1: What gives a link between Paragraphs 2 and 3? By means of content or a cohesive device? Question 2: What is the significance of finding the right words? that constitutes his limitation: that makes or forms his shortcoming or inability in certain respects
在街上他鬼鬼祟祟地走到陌生人面前企图向他兜售偷来的戒指
Unit One
TEXT I Hit the Nail on the Head
I.
Library Work
1. 1) Gustave Flaubert (1821 – 1880), French novelist, was associated with, though not representative of, the movement of naturalism and known as one of the greatest realists of 19th-century France. He devoted his life to long hours spent in heavy toil over his work. His
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scrupulous: correct even in the smallest detail; exact; painstaking; meticulous 严 格认真的, 审慎的 scruple: a measure of weight used for medicines, equal to 1.3 grams 吩
新编英语教程unit3
knack[næk]巧妙的手法n.熟练技术, 诀窍, 巧妙的手法staggering['stag·ger·ing |难以相信的adj.摇晃欲倒的; 巨大的; 惊人的; 难以相信的stagger[stag·ger |晕倒症n.摇晃, 蹒跚; 交错安排; 晕倒症压倒v. 蹒跚而行; 畏缩; 犹豫, 动摇; 坚持进行;压倒plausible[plau·si·ble |貌似可信的 adj.貌似真实的, 貌似有理的; 花言巧语的; 貌似可信的ineffable[in·ef·fa·ble |说不出的adj.无法形容的, 不应说出的, 说不出的感到害怕be in awe of对 ... 望而生畏; 对 ... 感到害怕vestige[ves·tige |退化的器官n.遗迹, 残余, 痕迹; 退化的器官recalcitrant[re'cal·ci·trant |adj.反抗的, 顽强的, 反对的; 难驾驭[管不了]的顽强者；无法管教的人n. 反抗的人, 顽强者；无法管教的人surcease[sur·cease |停止v.使中止; 使停止; 中止; 停止完结n. 停止, 完结a house of cards 不牢靠的计划n. 纸牌做的房子, 不牢靠的计划elusive[e'lu·sive |易忘的adj.难懂的, 难捉摸的, 易忘的whimsical[whim·si·cal |反覆无常的adj.心情浮动的, 古怪的, 反覆无常的anecdote[an·ec·dote |秘史n.轶事, 趣闻; 秘闻, 秘史carte blanche[‚kɑːt'blɒ0303;ːnʃ]署名空白纸全权委托; 署名空白纸plead with make an appeal to 向…恳求恳求awry [a ·wry |adv.歪斜地；扭曲地[的] look ~ adj. 脱离(路线)地[的]; (行动等)错误地[的],不顺遂地[的] go/run/tread~ prodigy [prod ·i ·gy |n.惊人的事物, 神童, 不凡的人不凡的人 infant/child podigy 神童神童不可思议之物; 壮观,奇观奇观The podigies of nature 自然奇观自然奇观自然奇观 dullard ['dull ·ard |n.愚人; 笨蛋笨蛋 stationary [sta ·tion ·ar ·y |adj.不动的; 定居的; 不增减的; 常备军的常备军的 n. 固定物(驻军) abreast [a ·breast |adv.并肩地; 并排地并排地 be [keep] abreast of [with] 与…并驾齐驱地并驾齐驱地 be ~ of [with] the times = keep ~ of the times 与时代并进,不落伍不落伍 patent [pat ·ent |n.专利权, 专利品, 执照执照 v.取得...的专利权, 请准专利请准专利 adj.专利的, 新奇的, 显著的，明显的; 明白的明白的 fabulous ['fab ·u ·lous |adj.传说的, 难以置信的, 惊人的; 非常的，无根据的；寓言般的; 想像中的想像中的 offshoot n. 分支, 支流，支道，旁系支流，支道，旁系collaborate [col ·lab ·o ·rate |v. (两个以上的人)合作(with (with……on/in ); 通敌,勾结勾结prey [pre ɪ]n.被掠食者, 牺牲者牺牲者 v.捕食, 折磨, 掠夺；使 ... 苦恼苦恼 quaint [kwe ɪnt ]adj.古雅的, 奇怪的, 离奇有趣的离奇有趣的 twirl [tw ɜrl ]旋转的东西n.旋转; 捻弄; 转动; 旋转的东西旋转v.快速转动, 捻弄; 转动, 旋转inward[in·ward || 'ɪnwə(r)d]内脏n.内部, 里面; 肠胃; 内脏向内的adj.内心的, 本来的, 向内的在内adv.向内; 在内furrow[fur·row |皱纹n.犁沟; 皱纹犁出浪迹v.犁; 弄绉; 耕; 犁田; 形成车辙; 开沟; 犁出浪迹placid[plac·id |沉著的adj.平静的, 平稳的, 沉著的fathom[fæðəm|推测n.深度单位; 推测看穿v.测量深度; 彻底了解; 看穿haggard| 'hægə(r)d]野鹰n. 野鹰形容枯槁的adj.憔悴的, 野性的, 形容枯槁的grief[grɪːf]grief-lined 伤心事n.悲痛; 不幸; 伤心事grope[grəʊp]的身体v.触摸; 探索, 探求; 暗中摸; 摸索; 抚摸...的身体暗中摸索的groping adj. 摸索的; 暗中摸索的steer[stɪr /stɪəɪə]阉牛n.指点, 建议#小公牛; 食用牛; 阉牛行进 v.掌舵, 驾驶; 带领; 指导; 操纵; 被驾驶, 驾驶起来; 行驶, 行进duet| djuː'et]二重奏n.二重唱; 二重奏reveal| rɪ'vɪːl]显示v.露出, 透露, 显示agitate[ag·i·tate || 'ædʒɪt e teɪt]煽动v.使激动; 搅动; 使焦虑; 摇动; 鼓动; 煽动wiggle| 'wɪgl]摆动n.踌躇, 摆动pier[pɪr /pɪə]桥墩n.码头, 防波堤, 桥墩generate| 'dʒenəreɪt]形成v.产生, 导致, 发生; 衍生; 形成tumble[tum·ble || 'tʌmbl] ~ down暴跌n.跌跤; 倒塌; 坠落; 暴跌使滚翻v.翻倒, 倒塌, 摔倒; 使摔倒, 弄乱, 使滚翻ineloquent inˋєləkwənt]无口才的adj.不善言辞的, 无口才的turmoil[tur·moil || 'tɜrmɔɪl /'tɜːɜː-]混乱 in a ~ n.骚动, 混乱revolutionary[,rev·o'lu·tion·ar·y || ‚revə'luːʃnərɪ]改革者n.革命者, 改革者革命性的 radical adj.革命的, 革命性的quantum[quan·tum || 'kwɑntəm /'kwɒ-]n.分配量, 量, 额serenity[se·ren·i·ty || sə'renətɪ]沉着n.晴朗, 风和日丽; 尊贵的阁下; 平静, 沉着殿下your Serenity 殿下confiscate[con·fis·cate || 'kɒnfɪskeɪt]充公v.没收; 查抄; 充公heed[hɪːd]留心n.注意, 留心注意 ~ sth/ give (pay) ~ to/take (no) ~ of v.留心, 注意agony['ag·o·ny || 'ægən a naɪz]爆发n.极度痛苦; 临死的痛苦; 苦恼; 爆发苦闷的in ~ 痛苦的,苦闷的他垂死的挣扎final ~ 他垂死的挣扎大喜的n an ~ of joy 狂喜的,大喜的战争的惨烈the ~ of war 战争的惨烈scarf[skɑrf /skɑːf]n.围巾; 头巾; 披巾; 领巾#嵌接; 槽; 斜面, 截面, 切口切口 akin [a ·kin || ə'k ɪn ] （to ）adj.血族的, 同种的, 同族的同族的 cosmic [cos ·mic || 'k ɒzm ɪk(l)]adj.宇宙的, 有秩序的, 宇宙论的；广大无边的; 秩序井然的; 和谐的和谐的 ceaseless ['cease ·less || 's ɪːɪːsl ɪs ]adj.不停的, 不断的不断的 nerve [n ɜrv /n ɜːv ]n.神经; 忧虑, 焦躁; 神经过敏; 勇敢, 胆量胆量 v.鼓起勇气鼓起勇气 nerves 神经过敏神经过敏(的状态) ,神经质; 胆怯; 焦虑焦虑 神经过敏症,歇斯底里症歇斯底里症[又作又作a ~] 厚脸皮,无耻,冒失冒失 What (a) ~!.厚脸皮厚脸皮! delusion [de ·lu ·sion || d ɪ'lu ːʒn ]n.迷惑, 错觉, 欺瞒欺瞒 grandeur [gran ·deur || 'grændʒə(r)]n.庄严; 伟大；崇高,庄严庄严 conceit [con ·ceit || k ən'si ːt ]n.自负, 狂妄, 空想空想 roll into v. 滚进, 卷成, 使合为一体使合为一体=mix thoroughly; mingle together搅匀；拌和搅匀；拌和conversationalist [,con ·ver'sa ·tion ·al ·ist || ‚k ɑnv ə(r)'se ɪʃn əl ɪst /k ɒn-]n.健谈者, 交谈者, 爱交谈的人, 口才好的人口才好的人 maddeningly ['mædnɪŋl ɪ]adv.令人发狂地; 狂暴地; 狂怒地狂怒地 mania [ma ·ni ·a || 'me ɪnj ə] n.狂躁, 狂热, 热衷热衷 trivial ['triv ·i ·al || 'tr ɪv ɪəl ]adj.琐细的, 微不足道的, 价值不高的价值不高的 harangue [ha ·rangue || h ə'ræŋ]热烈的演说n.高谈阔论, 热烈的演说滔滔不绝地演讲v.滔滔不绝地演讲volubility[vol·u·bil·i·ty || ‚vɑljə'bɪlətɪ/‚vɒljʊ'b-]口若悬河 with ~ n.健谈; 口若悬河stun[stʌn]使惊吓v.使晕倒, 打晕, 使惊吓打昏n.晕眩, 惊倒, 打昏pamphlet[pam·phlet || 'pæmflɪt]小册子，宣传小册n.小册子，宣传小册applause[ap·plause || ə'plɔːz]鼓掌欢迎n.欢呼; 鼓掌欢迎eminent[em·i·nent || 'emɪnənt]杰出的adj.显赫的; 有名的; 杰出的vocalist['vo·cal·ist || 'vəʊəʊkəlɪst]歌手n.声乐家, 歌手rave[reɪv]热烈赞美n.胡言乱语; 呼啸, 咆哮; 狂骂; 热烈赞美v.胡言乱语; 激烈地说; 狂骂; 狂热赞扬, 极力夸奖; 赞扬的adj.赞扬的stamp[stæmp]n.邮票; 印花; 图章, 印v.贴邮票于; 盖章于; 压印于; 捣碎跺脚; 拒绝, 毁掉, 扑灭; 踩; 捣碎callous[cal·lous || 'kæləs]无情的adj.麻木的, 坚硬的, 无情的变得冷酷无情v.使硬结, 使麻木; 变硬, 结茧; 变得冷酷无情grovel[grov·el || 'grɑvl ,'grʌvl /'grɒvl]匍匐v.趴; 卑躬屈膝; 匍匐recipient[re·cip·i·ent || rɪ'sɪpɪənt]间接宾语n.接受者; 接受器, 容器; 受领者; 间接宾语unscrupulous/ʌnˈskruː.pjʊ.ləs/不谨慎的adj.无道德的, 狂妄的, 不谨慎的infidelity[in·fi·del·i·ty || ‚ɪnfɪ'delətɪ]无信仰，不忠诚n.不信神, 背信, 无信仰，不忠诚mortal[mor·tal || 'mɔrtl /'mɔːtl]人类n.凡人; 人类人类的adj.不免一死的, 临终的, 人类的burlesque[bur·lesque || bɜː'lesk]滑稽戏n.作戏, 滑稽戏取笑v.模仿; 取笑libretto[li·bret·to || lɪ'bretəʊ]歌词n.歌词集, 歌词testimony['tes·ti·mo·ny || 'testɪməʊnɪ/-mənɪ]证据n.证言, 声明, 证据作证bear ~ to 为…作证stupendous[stu·pen·dous || stuː'pendəs /-tju-]巨大的adj.惊人的, 巨大的span[spæn]跨绳n.墩距; 一段时间; 跨度; 指距, 一叉宽#跨绳套上 v.横跨, 跨越; 在...上建拱门; 在...架桥; 以指距量; 套上caricature[car·i·ca·ture || 'kærɪkə‚tjʊə]漫画n.讽刺画; 讽刺描述法; 漫画画成漫画讽刺v.画成漫画讽刺atonement[a'tone·ment || -mənt]赔偿 make ~ for n.补偿, 赎罪, 赔偿trilogy[tril·o·gy || 'trɪlədʒɪ]三部曲n.三部剧, 三部曲downright/ˈdaʊn.raɪt/率直的adj.明白的, 显明的, 率直的dumb[dʌm]不说话的adj.哑的, 无声音的, 不说话的be dumb with…. claw[klɔː]n.爪, 抓伤, 钩用爪子抓 v.用爪子抓; 费力地夺回; 用爪子抓shriek[ʃrɪːk]尖声n.尖叫, 尖声喊叫, 尖声尖声发出 v.尖叫, 发出尖锐的声音; 尖声发出。
新编英语教程unit3
2. …to bring the young lambs to the fold. --to persuade the children to become members of the church. In other words, to save their souls and free them from sin.
Salvation religions are typically founded by a prophet or religious leader who creates a basic doctrine which explains to people how salvation might be achieved. The legitimacy and long-term authority of these prophets is often dependent upon possessing a high degree of personal charisma and, sometimes, the ability to work miracles presumably a sign of divine favor and sanction.
6. The preacher preached a wonderful rhythmical sermon, all moans and shouts and lonely cries and dire pictures of hell… rhythmical--[‘riðmikəl, ’riθ-] marked by regular succession of weak and strong stresses, accents, sounds or movements (in speech, music,etc.) His breathing became more rhythmical. 他的呼吸变得更有节奏了。 sermon– a talk usually bsed on a sentence or verse from the Bible and preached as part of a church service. 布道； 冗长的讲话。 He was preaching a sermon about giving up smoking to his son. 他正在对他的儿子讲有关戒烟的大道理。
[整理版]新编大学英语综合教程1-unit3
![[整理版]新编大学英语综合教程1-unit3](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/0b6b061091c69ec3d5bbfd0a79563c1ec5dad7bd.png)
Unit 3 More Than WordsIn-Class Reading Communication Without Words不用话语的交流1 当你学一门外语时，你要学的不仅仅是词汇和语法。
要想成功地进行交谈，你还必须学习该种文化的非言语性语言，或者说“肢体语言”。
“肢体语言”是用来描述那些可以传递信息的脸部表情、手势以及其他身体动作的术语。
这种交流方法非常重要，实际上我们用动作表达的信息比用言语表达的信息还要多。
2有时候我们发现说一门外语很困难，因为我们可能不了解另一种文化的非言语信号，或者说那些信号在我们自己文化中的含义可能迥然不同。
例如，在世界上不同的地方，上下点头就传递不同的信息。
在北美，该动作表示“我同意”。
在中东，向下点头表示“我同意”，而向上抬头表示“我不同意”。
日本人谈话的时候这个动作通常只是表示“我正在听”。
一位在美国的日本学生好不容易才了解了其中的差异。
在和一位推销员说话的时候，这位学生礼貌性地点头，表示他在注意听着。
结果，第二天那位推销员就将一台崭新的洗衣机送到了他的公寓。
3目光接触所表达的含义也很丰富，但是，在不同的文化中，它表达的意思也不同。
在一些讲西班牙语的国家，孩子们在与年长者谈话时不直视对方的眼睛，以表示尊重。
而在其他国家，别人则期待你看着他的眼睛。
例如，如果你在美国不这么做的话，人们会以为你害怕、尴尬或者生气了。
4世界上很多地方都用两种基本的手势来招呼别人朝自己走过来。
在亚洲,人们把手指朝下微曲，做摆手的动作，而有些北美人则用该动作向孩子们道别。
北美人用类似的手势招呼别人走过来，但是他们的手指是向上弯曲。
去国外参观的人必须了解这种差别，否则就会传递错误的信息。
5我们在谈话时与对方保持的距离同样也是交流的一个重要方面，虽然我们很少想到这一点。
通常，北美人比拉丁美洲人和中东人更喜欢彼此间距离大一点。
在国际会议上，谈话的两个外交官可能会慢慢地从房间的这一头移到那一头，其中一个想竭力拉大彼此间的距离，而另一个则想竭力缩短这一距离。
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descriptive sequence
TextⅠ：Albert Einstein TextⅡ：the name of the man was not mentioned until para12.
TextⅡ： simile（明喻）：What money he could lay his hands
description
third person
e.g. TextⅠ：He was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known...
TextⅡ：He was an undersized man...
supporting material
description
subjective description
e.g.TextⅠ：his extraordinary feeling for
beauty.(para1) He smiled a warm welcome.(para3) … TextⅡ：sometimes he was brilliant; sometimes he was maddeningly tiresome.(para2) …
structure
TextⅡ： para1: his physical features para2-11: his characteristic ( para2:conceit para6:emotional instability para7:irresponsibility para8:lavishness with money para9:unscrupulousness with women para10:selfshness negative comments para11:unfriendliness) Para12-15:clarification and justification
Comparisons and Contrasts Between TextⅠ
TextⅡ
similarities and differences
similarities
genre(体裁）
descripial
genre
biography
a famous figure major events of life, lifetime accomplishment, historical significance …
on he spent like an Indian rajah. (para8.)
rhetorical devices
metaphor (暗喻）：He was a monster of
conceit.(para2)
hyperbole: He could be callous and heartless to a
degree that would have made a Roman emperor shudder.(para6)
rhetorical question（反问）：Is it any wonder
that he had no time to be a man? (para15)
Thank you!
anecdotes and examples
differences
structure
descriptive sequence
rhetorical devices
structure
TextⅠ： para1: simplicity para2-4: modesty para5-7:his history and his two great theories para8-11:concentration on work para12-13:his love of natural beauty para14-16:his academic courage para17-18:his sense of justice para19:his youthful innocence para20:summary positive comments