Robotics and Automation Development of a Visual Space-Mouse
工艺技术方案 英文
工艺技术方案英文Title: Crafting a Technological Solution for Improved Efficiency in Manufacturing ProcessesIntroduction:In today's fast-paced manufacturing industry, optimizing production processes and maximizing operational efficiency are key to staying competitive. This technological solution aims to enhance productivity, reduce downtime, and streamline operations through the implementation of advanced manufacturing techniques and equipment.Objective:The primary objective of this technological solution is to improve efficiency in manufacturing processes by integrating cutting-edge technologies, automation, and data-driven decision-making. By leveraging these tools, manufacturers can reduce costs, increase output, and enhance product quality.Technological Solution Components:1. Robotics and Automation:- Introduction of robotics systems to automate repetitive tasks, such as material handling, assembly, and quality control. This reduces the reliance on manual labor and improves task accuracy and speed.- Integration of robotic systems with machine learning algorithms for real-time data analysis, predictive maintenance, and optimization of production processes.- Use of collaborative robots (cobots) that work alongside humanworkers to enhance productivity and improve workplace safety. 2. Internet of Things (IoT) and Connectivity:- Implementation of IoT devices and sensors to collect real-time data on equipment performance, energy consumption, and product quality.- Integration of data from multiple sources into a centralized system for monitoring and analysis.- Utilization of cloud computing technology to store and process large volumes of data, enabling manufacturers to make data-driven decisions and optimize operations.3. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing:- Adoption of 3D printing technology to manufacture complex components with high precision and reduced material waste. This reduces production time and allows for rapid prototyping.- Utilization of additive manufacturing techniques to create customized products tailored to individual customer requirements, leading to increased customer satisfaction.4. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning:- Implementation of AI algorithms to analyze large datasets and identify patterns, leading to better decision-making and improved production planning.- Use of machine learning techniques to optimize production processes by identifying bottlenecks, predicting equipment failures, and recommending process improvements.- Application of AI-enabled quality control systems to identify defects and ensure consistency in product quality.Benefits and Impact:The implementation of this technological solution is expected to yield several benefits, including:- Increased production efficiency and output, leading to reduced costs and improved profitability.- Enhanced product quality and consistency, resulting in higher customer satisfaction and increased market competitiveness.- Improved workplace safety by automating hazardous tasks and reducing human error.- Sustainability gains through reduced material waste, energy consumption, and carbon footprint.- Empowerment of the workforce through upskilling, where employees can adapt and learn new skills required to operate and maintain advanced technologies.Conclusion:The integration of cutting-edge technologies and advanced manufacturing techniques offers significant opportunities for manufacturers to improve efficiency, productivity, and profitability. By embracing automation, IoT, 3D printing, AI, and machine learning, manufacturers can achieve higher operational excellence, produce high-quality products, and maintain a competitive edge in the global market.。
与科技相关的英文表达句子
与科技相关的英文表达句子科技在当今社会中发挥着至关重要的作用，它不仅给人们的生活带来了许多便利，还为人类的发展提供了无限可能。
以下是一些与科技相关的英文表达句子。
1. Technology has revolutionized the way we live, work and communicate. 技术已经彻底改变了我们生活、工作和交流的方式。
2. With the rapid development of technology, we are able to do things that were unimaginable just a few decades ago.随着科技的快速发展，我们能够完成过去几十年来令人无法想象的事情。
3. The latest technological advances are making our lives easier and more efficient.最新的科技进步使我们的生活更加便利和高效。
4. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly prevalent in our daily lives.人工智能在我们的日常生活中越来越普及。
5. The internet is an essential tool for communication and access to information.互联网是沟通和获取信息的必要工具。
6. Mobile devices have transformed the way we access and consume media.移动设备改变了我们获取和消费媒体的方式。
7. Virtual and augmented reality technologies are changing the way we learn, work and play.虚拟和增强现实技术正在改变我们学习、工作和娱乐的方式。
英语作文解释机器人未来是否会取代人类
英语作文解释机器人未来是否会取代人类全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Will robots replace humans in the future?Robots have been taking on increasingly complex tasks in recent years, from operating machinery in factories to performing surgery in hospitals. With advancements in artificial intelligence, robotics, and automation, the question arises – will robots eventually replace humans in the workforce and other aspects of life?There are arguments for both sides of this debate. One argument is that robots will replace humans in certain tasks that are repetitive, dangerous, or require high precision. For example, robots can be used in manufacturing to assemble products more quickly and accurately than humans. They can also be used in dangerous environments, such as exploring outer space or defusing bombs. In these instances, robots can help improve efficiency, safety, and productivity.On the other hand, there are also concerns that replacing humans with robots could lead to job loss and income inequality.As robots become more advanced and autonomous, there is a fear that they will take over jobs in various industries, leading to unemployment for many people. This could result in social and economic unrest as people struggle to find alternative sources of income.Another concern is the potential impact on human relationships and social interactions. While robots can perform tasks efficiently, they lack the emotional intelligence and empathy that humans possess. This could lead to a loss of human connection and a sense of isolation in society.However, it is important to consider that robots are tools created by humans to assist and enhance our lives, rather than to replace us entirely. While robots may excel in certain tasks, they still rely on human input and oversight to function effectively. Humans possess qualities such as creativity, intuition, and adaptability that are difficult for robots to replicate.In conclusion, while robots may continue to advance and take on more responsibilities in the future, it is unlikely that they will completely replace humans. Instead, it is more likely that humans and robots will work together in collaboration to achieve greater efficiency and innovation. It is important for society to embrace the benefits of automation while alsoaddressing the challenges it may bring, such as job displacement and ethical concerns. Ultimately, the future relationship between humans and robots will depend on how we choose to integrate and regulate this rapidly evolving technology.篇2Will robots replace humans in the future? This question has been a topic of debate for many years, and with the rapid advancements in technology, it is becoming more and more relevant. In this essay, we will explore the possibilities of robots replacing humans in various aspects of society.One area where robots are already beginning to replace humans is in the workforce. Many industries, such as manufacturing and agriculture, are using robots to perform tasks that were once done by humans. Robots are able to work around the clock, are more precise and consistent in their work, and can perform dangerous tasks without putting human lives at risk. As a result, many companies are turning to robots to increase efficiency and reduce costs.In the future, it is likely that robots will continue to replace humans in a variety of industries. With advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics, robots are becoming moresophisticated and capable of performing complex tasks. This raises concerns about the future of jobs and the impact on the economy. Will there come a time when robots are able to do almost every job better and more efficiently than humans?Another area where robots may replace humans is in healthcare. Robots are already being used in some hospitals to assist with surgery, rehabilitation, and patient care. In the future, as robots become more advanced, they may be able to diagnose and treat patients with greater accuracy and efficiency than human doctors. This could revolutionize the healthcare industry and improve patient outcomes.However, the idea of robots replacing humans raises ethical concerns. Will robots be able to show empathy and compassion towards patients? Will they be able to make ethical decisions in life or death situations? These are questions that need to be considered as we continue to develop and implement robots in healthcare.In conclusion, while robots have the potential to replace humans in many aspects of society, there are still many challenges and ethical considerations that need to be addressed. It is important for us to carefully consider the implications of replacing humans with robots and to ensure that the benefitsoutweigh the risks. Only time will tell what the future holds, but it is clear that robots will play an increasingly important role in our lives.篇3Will robots replace humans in the future?With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and robotics, the question of whether robots will eventually replace humans in various aspects of society has become a topic of great debate. Some believe that the advancements in technology will lead to robots taking over many jobs currently held by humans, while others argue that robots will never be able to fully replace the creativity, emotional intelligence, and adaptability of human beings.One of the main arguments in favor of robots replacing humans is their ability to perform tasks with greater speed, accuracy, and efficiency. Machines are not limited by factors such as fatigue, emotions, or physical limitations, allowing them to work around the clock without the need for breaks or rest. This could potentially lead to increased productivity and cost savings for businesses, as well as the ability to tackle tasks that are too dangerous or difficult for humans to perform.Additionally, robots are increasingly being used in a wide range of industries, from manufacturing and healthcare to retail and transportation. They are able to perform a variety of tasks, from assembling products on a production line to performing surgeries in the operating room. As technology continues to advance, robots are expected to become even more sophisticated and capable, potentially outperforming humans in many areas.However, there are also many skeptics who argue that robots will never be able to fully replace humans. They point to the fact that machines lack the creativity, empathy, and emotional intelligence that humans possess, making them unable to truly understand complex human emotions or make moral judgments. Additionally, robots are programmed to follow a set of rules and algorithms, making them unable to adapt to unexpected situations or think outside the box like humans can.Another concern is the potential impact of automation on the job market. As robots become more capable and affordable, there is a real possibility that many jobs currently held by humans will be replaced by machines. This could lead to widespread unemployment and economic instability, as well as widening the gap between the rich and the poor.In conclusion, the question of whether robots will replace humans in the future is a complex and contentious issue. While robots have the potential to revolutionize many industries and improve efficiency and productivity, they also raise ethical concerns and questions about the future of work and society. Ultimately, it is up to humans to determine how to harness the power of technology in a way that benefits all members of society, rather than commodifying human labor and creativity in the pursuit of profit. Only time will tell what the future holds for robots and their relationship with humans.。
两轮差速巡线控制算法
两轮差速巡线控制算法Vehicle control system is an essential part of modern robotics and automation. 车辆控制系统是现代机器人学和自动化的重要组成部分。
It plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of autonomous vehicles. 它在确保自动驾驶车辆安全高效运行中起着至关重要的作用。
One of the key components of a vehicle control system is the differential drive mechanism. 车辆控制系统的关键组成部分之一是差速驱动机构。
In particular, a two-wheeled differential drive system is commonly used in mobile robots for its simplicity and versatility. 特别是，两轮差速驱动系统因其简单性和多功能性而常用于移动机器人中。
Differential drive systems use two independently controlled wheels to navigate through various terrains and environments. 差速驱动系统使用两个独立控制的轮子在各种地形和环境中导航。
The differential drive mechanism allows the vehicle to turn and move in different directions by varying the speeds of the two wheels. 差速驱动机构允许车辆通过改变两个轮子的速度来转向和移动。
机电一体化主要专业用英语作文
机电一体化主要专业用英语作文Title: The Importance of Integrated Mechatronics EngineeringMechatronics is a field that combines mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, computer science, and control engineering to design and create intelligent systems and products. In recent years, the integration of these disciplines into one cohesive area of study has become increasingly important in the development of modern technology. This essay will discuss the main reasons why mechatronics engineering is a crucial and relevant field in today's world.Firstly, integrated mechatronics engineering is essential for the creation of advanced and efficient systems. By combining the expertise of mechanical, electronic, and computer engineers, mechatronics engineers are able to designand develop products that are not only technologically advanced, but also cost-effective and reliable. This interdisciplinary approach allows for the optimization and improvement of existing systems, as well as the development of innovative new technologies.Secondly, mechatronics engineering is vital for the ongoing evolution of automation and robotics. As industries continue to embrace automation to increase productivity and efficiency, the need for experts who can design, build, and maintain these complex systems has never been greater. Mechatronics engineers play a crucial role in the development of automated machinery, robotic systems, and autonomous vehicles, all of which are becoming increasingly prevalent in today's society.Furthermore, the integration of mechanical, electronic, and computer engineering is also essential for the advancement of smart and sustainable technologies.Mechatronics engineers are at the forefront of developing intelligent systems that can adapt to changing environmental conditions, optimize energy usage, and minimize waste. Thisis particularly important as the world seeks to transition to more sustainable and eco-friendly practices.In addition, mechatronics engineering is a key driver of innovation and advancement in various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, and entertainment. By leveraging the combined expertise of multiple engineering disciplines, mechatronics engineers are able to createcutting-edge products and systems that push the boundaries of what is possible. Whether it's developing advanced medical devices, creating state-of-the-art manufacturing machinery, or designing immersive virtual reality experiences, mechatronics engineering is integral to driving progress and innovation.In conclusion, the integration of mechanical, electronic, and computer engineering into the field of mechatronics is essential for the advancement of technology and the development of intelligent and efficient systems. The interdisciplinary nature of mechatronics engineering allows for the creation of innovative products, the advancement of automation and robotics, the development of sustainable technologies, and the driving of progress and innovation across various industries. As such, mechatronics engineering is a crucial and relevant field that will continue to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of technology.。
农民高科技的发展英语作文
农民高科技的发展英语作文The Development of High-Tech Farming。
Introduction:In recent years, the agricultural industry haswitnessed a significant transformation due to theintegration of high-tech advancements. Traditional farming methods are gradually being replaced by innovative technologies, leading to increased productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. This essay aims to explore the development of high-tech farming and its impact on the agricultural sector.Body:1. Automation and Robotics:One of the major breakthroughs in high-tech farming is the integration of automation and robotics. Thesetechnologies have revolutionized various agricultural processes, such as planting, harvesting, and sorting. Automated systems equipped with sensors and artificial intelligence algorithms can perform tasks with precision and speed, reducing the need for manual labor and improving overall productivity. For example, robots can be programmed to pick fruits and vegetables, ensuring gentle handling and minimizing damage. This not only saves time but also reduces post-harvest losses.2. Precision Agriculture:Precision agriculture is another aspect of high-tech farming that has gained significant attention. It involves the use of advanced technologies, including GPS, drones, and remote sensing, to optimize farming practices. By collecting and analyzing data related to soil conditions, moisture levels, and crop health, farmers can make informed decisions regarding irrigation, fertilization, and pest control. This targeted approach minimizes resource wastage, maximizes crop yield, and reduces environmental impact. Additionally, drones equipped with cameras and sensors canquickly identify areas of concern, such as disease outbreaks or nutrient deficiencies, allowing farmers to take immediate action.3. Vertical Farming:Vertical farming is a high-tech farming technique that involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often in controlled environments such as greenhouses or indoor facilities. This method utilizes artificial lighting, hydroponics, and climate control systems to create optimal growing conditions. Vertical farming offers several advantages, including year-round production, reduced water usage, and minimal reliance on pesticides. Moreover, its space-efficient design allows cultivation in urban areas, thereby reducing the distance between farms and consumers and ensuring fresher produce.4. Internet of Things (IoT):The Internet of Things (IoT) has found its way into the agricultural sector, enabling farmers to monitor andcontrol various aspects of their operations remotely. IoT devices, such as sensors and actuators, can collect real-time data on soil moisture, temperature, and humidity. This information is then transmitted to farmers' smartphones or computers, allowing them to make data-driven decisions. For instance, if the soil moisture level is low, an automated irrigation system can be activated to provide the necessary water. IoT technology not only optimizes resourceutilization but also helps farmers detect anomalies or potential issues before they escalate.5. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering:Biotechnology and genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities in high-tech farming. Through genetic modification, scientists can enhance crop traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and nutritional value. This technology has the potential to address food security challenges by producing crops that can thrive in adverse conditions and provide enhanced nutrition. Additionally, biotechnology plays a crucial role in the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) thatcan be used for pest control, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides.6. Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence:The availability of vast amounts of data in agriculture has given rise to data analytics and artificialintelligence (AI) applications. By analyzing historical and real-time data, AI algorithms can identify patterns,predict crop yields, and optimize farming practices. For example, AI-powered systems can forecast weather conditions, enabling farmers to plan their activities accordingly. Moreover, data analytics can provide valuable insights into market trends, enabling farmers to make informed decisions regarding crop selection and pricing strategies.Conclusion:The development of high-tech farming has revolutionized the agricultural industry, offering numerous benefits in terms of productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. Automation, precision agriculture, vertical farming, IoT,biotechnology, and AI have all contributed to this transformation. As technology continues to advance, it is crucial for farmers to embrace these innovations and adapt to the changing landscape. High-tech farming not only ensures food security but also promotes environmental stewardship by minimizing resource wastage and reducing the ecological footprint of agriculture.。
自动化专业的英语
自动化专业的英语自动化专业是一个涵盖广泛的领域，涉及到机械、电子、计算机、控制等多个学科，是现代工业和科技的重要支撑。
随着全球经济的发展和技术的进步，自动化专业的需求不断增加，成为了许多国家的战略性产业。
因此，掌握自动化专业的英语无疑是非常重要的。
一、自动化专业的英语词汇自动化专业的英语词汇包括了很多专业术语，例如：1. Automation：自动化2. Control system：控制系统3. Sensor：传感器4. Actuator：执行器5. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)：可编程逻辑控制器6. Human-Machine Interface (HMI)：人机界面7. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)：监控与数据采集系统8. Distributed Control System (DCS)：分布式控制系统9. Robotics：机器人学10. Artificial Intelligence (AI)：人工智能以上只是自动化专业中的一小部分英语词汇，学习者需要掌握更多的专业术语，以便更好地理解和应用。
二、自动化专业的英语文献自动化专业的英语文献包括了大量的学术论文、技术报告、标准规范等，这些文献是学习和掌握自动化专业英语的重要资源。
例如： 1. 'Design and Implementation of a Control System for a Mobile Robot'：一个移动机器人控制系统的设计与实现2. 'Application of Artificial Intelligence in Industrial Automation'：人工智能在工业自动化中的应用3. 'Development of a Supervisory Control System for a Thermal Power Plant'：热电厂监控系统的开发4. 'Design and Simulation of a Control System for a Quadrotor UAV'：四旋翼无人机控制系统的设计和仿真5. 'Standard for Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)'：可编程逻辑控制器标准规范以上文献涵盖了自动化专业中的不同领域和应用，学习者可以通过阅读和研究这些文献，提高自己的英语水平和专业知识。
robotic intelligence and automation 模板
robotic intelligence and automation 模板什么是机器智能和自动化？它们对我们的生活有什么影响？我们如何利用它们来改善我们的社会和经济？第一部分：机器智能和自动化的定义和发展机器智能是指计算机系统能够模仿人类智能进行自主决策和学习的能力。
它可以根据外部环境进行推理、分析和解决问题，同时可以不断学习和改进自己的能力。
自动化是指使用机器或计算机系统来执行复杂任务的过程，而无需人类参与。
机器智能和自动化的发展可以追溯到20世纪。
早期的自动化系统主要是基于机械和电子设备的，如生产线上的机器人和控制系统。
随着计算机技术的进步，人们开始关注如何让机器更加智能，以便更好地解决复杂问题。
近年来，机器智能和自动化领域取得了巨大的进展，特别是在机器学习和深度学习技术的推动下。
第二部分：机器智能和自动化的影响机器智能和自动化对我们的生活产生了广泛而深远的影响。
1. 生产和制造业：机器智能和自动化使生产过程更高效、更精确。
机器人可以承担繁重、危险和重复性的任务，从而减少了工人的劳动强度和伤害风险。
自动化系统可以大幅提高生产效率和质量控制水平，降低生产成本。
2. 交通和物流：自动驾驶汽车和物流系统的发展改变了交通和物流行业的方式。
自动驾驶汽车可以提高道路的安全性和交通效率，减少交通事故和拥堵。
物流系统的自动化提高了货物分拣、仓储和配送的效率，降低运输成本。
3. 医疗和健康：机器智能在医疗领域的应用为疾病的早期识别、诊断和治疗提供了新的可能性。
机器学习和深度学习技术可以帮助医生更准确地制定治疗方案，提高手术和药物治疗的成功率。
自动化系统可以提高医疗设备的运作效率和安全性。
4. 金融和服务行业：机器智能和自动化在金融和服务行业的应用已经成为新趋势。
自动化的交易系统可以提高交易的速度和准确性。
智能客服机器人可以为顾客提供24小时全天候的服务。
机器学习算法可以帮助金融机构更好地进行风险管理和投资决策。
机器人发展英语作文
机器人发展英语作文英文回答：The development of robotics has been a rapidly evolving field in recent years, with advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other related technologies driving innovation. This has led to the creation of robots that are more capable and versatile than ever before, with applications in a wide range ofindustries and sectors.One of the key drivers behind the development of robotics is the increasing need for automation in various industries. Robots are being used to perform tasks that are repetitive, dangerous, or require high levels of precision, such as in manufacturing, healthcare, and logistics. This has led to increased productivity, reduced costs, and improved safety in these industries.Another factor contributing to the development ofrobotics is the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies. AI and MLalgorithms enable robots to perceive and interact withtheir environment, learn from data, and make decisions autonomously. This has allowed robots to perform more complex tasks that were previously not possible, such as navigation, object recognition, and speech recognition.Moreover, the development of new materials, sensors,and actuators has also played a significant role in the advancement of robotics. These advancements have led to the creation of robots that are lighter, stronger, more durable, and more responsive than earlier generations. They are also more energy-efficient and can operate in a wider range of environments.The development of robotics has brought about numerous benefits, including increased efficiency, productivity, and safety in various industries. Robots are also being used to assist humans in tasks such as healthcare, education, and space exploration. However, there are also concerns about the potential impact of robotics on employment and theeconomy. It is important to consider these concerns and address them through appropriate policies and regulations.Overall, the development of robotics is expected to continue at a rapid pace in the years to come, with even more advanced and capable robots being developed. These robots will continue to have a profound impact on various industries and sectors, and it is essential to prepare for these changes and embrace the benefits that robotics can offer.中文回答：近年来，机器人技术发展迅速，人工智能、机器学习和其他相关技术的进步推动了创新。
ieee robotics and automation letters流程
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L)的发表流程如下：
注册RAS账号并与ORCID进行绑定。
撰写论文，并下载RA-L的trans模版。
在提交RA-L之前，需要撰写一个cover letter，并在其中对主编说话，重点强调论文的创新点。
提交论文后，会有一个审稿周期。
如果收到结果为“revise and resubmit”，那么需要在30天内进行修改并重新提交，注意这里的权限在通讯作者手中。
重新提交时，需要附带一个response letter，这是对审稿人意见的回复，以及一版用红字标出修改地方的论文。
经过再次审稿后，会收到最终结果，一般时长为10天左右。
如果被接受，那么会有camera ready版的manuscript，这个相比于之前的版本，pdf的size要小于5MB，并要求所有jpg/png 等格式图片转为eps格式。
需要注意的是，RA-L与ICRA等会议的审核是互相独立的，所以尽管RA-L的接受率更低，中了RA-L也不能保证会议一定被接受。
mixly舵机控制摄像头
mixly舵机控制摄像头Chapter 1: IntroductionIn recent years, with the rapid development of robotics and automation technology, the demand for precise control of various robotic components has also increased. One such component is the camera, which plays a crucial role in capturing visual information for tasks such as object detection, recognition, and tracking. To achieve a more flexible and accurate control of the camera's movement, the use of servos has become popular. Servos are motorized devices that can rotate to specific angles, making them ideal for controlling the movement of a camera. In this paper, we will explore the use of Mixly, a graphical programming environment, for servo control of a camera.Chapter 2: Background2.1 Servo ControlServos are commonly used components in robotics and automation. They consist of a motor, control circuitry, and a feedback mechanism. The control circuitry receives a control signal, typically a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, which determines the position that the servo should rotate to. The feedback mechanism allows the servo to adjust its position to match the desired position.2.2 MixlyMixly is a block-based programming environment specifically designed for educational purposes. It provides an intuitive and user-friendly interface that allows beginners to easily program andcontrol various electronic components. With Mixly, users can drag and drop blocks to create sequences of commands, eliminating the need for complex coding.Chapter 3: Methodology3.1 Hardware SetupTo control a camera using servos in Mixly, we first need to set up the necessary hardware. This includes connecting the servos to the appropriate pins of a microcontroller, such as an Arduino board, and mounting the camera on a servo mechanism that allows for pan and tilt movements. We also need to ensure a stable power supply for the servos.3.2 Software ImplementationOnce the hardware setup is complete, we can start implementing the software part. In Mixly, we can use the built-in servo library to control the servos. We need to specify the pin numbers to which the servos are connected and define the angles for the desired camera movements. By using block-based programming, we can easily program the camera to move to specific angles or track objects.Chapter 4: Results and DiscussionAfter implementing the servo control of the camera using Mixly, we conducted several experiments to evaluate the performance of the system. We measured the accuracy of the camera movements, the response time of the servos, and the overall stability of the system. The results showed that Mixly is a reliable tool forcontrolling the camera using servos. The camera movements were precise, the servos responded quickly to commands, and the system maintained stability throughout the experiments.In conclusion, this paper has presented an approach for controlling a camera using servos in Mixly. The use of Mixly allows for a more user-friendly and intuitive programming experience, making it an ideal choice for educational purposes. The implementation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the system, with accurate camera movements and fast servo response times. This research opens up new possibilities for utilizing Mixly in the field of robotics and automation, specifically in camera control applications. Future work could include expanding the functionality of the system, such as integrating object tracking algorithms for autonomous camera movement.Chapter 5: Applications5.1 PhotographyOne of the main applications of camera control using servos is in the field of photography. By using Mixly, photographers can easily automate camera movements for capturing time-lapse videos or panoramas. With precise control over the camera's position, photographers can capture stunning images with smooth and accurate movements.5.2 Surveillance SystemsSurveillance systems often rely on cameras for monitoring and capturing video footage. By integrating servo-controlled cameras into these systems, users can remotely adjust the camera's field of view and track objects of interest. Mixly provides a user-friendlyinterface for programming these camera movements, making it accessible even to users with limited programming knowledge. 5.3 RoboticsIn robotics applications, cameras play a vital role in object detection, recognition, and tracking. By using servos to control the camera's movement, robots can actively scan their environment for detecting and tracking objects. Mixly's graphical programming interface makes it easy to program the camera movements for these tasks, enabling robots to perform complex visual tasks more efficiently.Chapter 6: Limitations and Future Work6.1 Hardware ConstraintsOne limitation of the current implementation is the hardware constraints. Depending on the specific microcontroller, there may be limitations on the number of servo motors that can be controlled simultaneously. Additionally, the power supply for the servos needs to be stable and sufficient to supply the required power. Future work could involve exploring ways to overcome these limitations, such as using external servo controllers or optimizing power consumption.6.2 Integration with Computer VisionWhile Mixly provides a convenient platform for servo control, integrating it with computer vision algorithms could enhance the system's capabilities. For example, by incorporating object tracking algorithms, the camera could autonomously track moving objects. Combining Mixly's intuitive programming interface withcomputer vision capabilities could open up new possibilities for advanced camera control applications.Chapter 7: ConclusionIn this paper, we have explored the use of Mixly for servo control of a camera. The results demonstrated that Mixly is an effective tool for controlling camera movements using servos, with precise movements and fast response times. The user-friendly interface of Mixly makes it accessible even for beginners, opening up opportunities for educational applications.We have discussed various applications of camera control using servos, including photography, surveillance systems, and robotics. These applications benefit from the flexibility and accuracy provided by servo control, and Mixly simplifies the programming process to make it accessible to a wide range of users.Although there are limitations regarding hardware constraints and integration with computer vision, future work can address these challenges to enhance the capabilities of the system. The combination of Mixly and computer vision algorithms could revolutionize camera control in robotics and automation applications.In conclusion, the use of Mixly for servo control of a camera is a promising approach that provides a user-friendly interface and precise control over camera movements. This research contributes to the field of robotics and automation by introducing a novel toolfor camera control, and opens up new possibilities for future developments in this area.。
基于单片机无线遥控小车设计英文范文
基于单片机无线遥控小车设计英文范文The advent of microcontroller technology has revolutionized the field of robotics and automation. One fascinating application of this technology is the design of a wireless remote control car. This essay delves into the intricacies of designing such a system using a microcontroller as the core component.At the heart of the wireless remote control car lies a microcontroller, a compact and powerful integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform a wide range of tasks. The microcontroller serves as the brain of the system, responsible for interpreting the commands received from the wireless remote and translating them into precise motor control signals. The choice of microcontroller is crucial, as it must possess sufficient processing power, memory, and input/output capabilities to handle the demands of the application.The wireless remote control aspect of the system introduces an additional layer of complexity. The communication between the remote and the car is typically achieved through radio frequency (RF) or Bluetooth technology. RF-based systems offer a longer range andbetter penetration through obstacles, while Bluetooth provides a more secure and reliable connection. The selection of the appropriate wireless communication protocol and the design of the corresponding transmitter and receiver circuits are critical to ensure seamless and responsive control.The car's mechanical design is another important consideration. The chassis must be sturdy and lightweight, allowing for efficient movement and maneuverability. The selection of the appropriate motors, wheels, and suspension components is crucial to provide the desired speed, torque, and handling characteristics. Additionally, the integration of these mechanical components with the electronic control system is a delicate process that requires careful planning and execution.One of the key challenges in designing a wireless remote control car is the power management system. The car must be equipped with a reliable and efficient power source, such as a rechargeable battery pack, to ensure prolonged operation. The microcontroller and the various electronic components must be designed to operate efficiently, minimizing power consumption and maximizing battery life. This may involve the implementation of power-saving modes, intelligent power management algorithms, and efficient motor control techniques.Another important aspect of the design is the user interface. The wireless remote must be intuitive and easy to use, with clear and responsive controls that allow the operator to precisely maneuver the car. This may involve the use of joysticks, buttons, or even touchscreen interfaces, depending on the complexity of the desired control functions.To enhance the overall user experience, the design may also incorporate additional features such as on-board sensors, camera integration, and even autonomous driving capabilities. Sensors can be used to detect obstacles, monitor the car's performance, and provide feedback to the operator. Camera integration can enable live video streaming, allowing the user to navigate the car remotely with a first-person perspective. Autonomous driving functionalities, such as line following or object avoidance, can further expand the capabilities of the wireless remote control car.The development of a wireless remote control car using a microcontroller involves a multidisciplinary approach, combining electrical, mechanical, and software engineering principles. The design process typically starts with a thorough analysis of the requirements and constraints, followed by the selection of appropriate components and the development of the necessary hardware and software.The hardware design encompasses the microcontroller, the wireless communication module, the motor driver circuits, and the power management system. The software design involves the programming of the microcontroller to interpret the remote control inputs, control the motors, and implement any additional features or functionalities.Throughout the design process, extensive testing and debugging are crucial to ensure the reliability, responsiveness, and safety of the wireless remote control car. This may involve the use of simulation tools, prototyping, and real-world testing to identify and address any issues that may arise.In conclusion, the design of a microcontroller-based wireless remote control car is a fascinating and challenging endeavor that combines various engineering disciplines. By leveraging the capabilities of microcontroller technology, designers can create innovative and engaging remote-controlled vehicles that offer a wide range of features and functionalities. As the field of robotics and automation continues to evolve, the development of such systems will undoubtedly play a significant role in shaping the future of personal and recreational technology.。
ieee robotics and automation letters级别
ieee robotics and automation letters级别
（原创版）
目录
1.IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 期刊简介
2.期刊的级别和影响力
3.期刊的主要研究领域
4.对中国科研工作者的贡献和影响
正文
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 是一本由美国电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）出版的机器人学与自动化领域的学术期刊。
该期刊旨在为全球范围内的科研工作者提供一个展示机器人学与自动化领域最新
研究成果和进展的平台。
在众多机器人学与自动化领域的期刊中，IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 的级别和影响力堪称顶级。
该期刊的论文质量高，审稿严格，被全球范围内的科研机构和学术界广泛认可。
同时，该期刊也是机器人学与自动化领域科研工作者发表研究成果的重要载体。
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 的主要研究领域包括但不限于机器人控制与规划、机器人视觉与感知、机器人运动学与动力学、人机交互、自动化控制系统等。
这些研究领域均是当前全球范围内机器人学与自动化领域的研究热点和前沿。
对于中国科研工作者而言，IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 是一个重要的国际交流平台。
通过在该期刊上发表高质量的研究论文，我国的科研工作者不仅可以提升自己的国际学术影响力，还可以与全球范围内的顶尖科研工作者进行深入交流与合作，推动我国机器人学与自动化领域的发展。
机器人的发展和应用英语作文
机器人的发展和应用英语作文## The Evolution and Applications of Robotics ##。
Introduction:Robotics, the intersection of engineering, computer science, and mechanics, has revolutionized various sectors and continues to shape the future. The evolution ofrobotics has witnessed a remarkable trajectory, from rudimentary automatons to sophisticated machines with cognitive abilities. This essay delves into the development and applications of robotics, exploring their impact and potential in shaping our world.Evolution of Robotics:Early Beginnings: The origins of robotics can be traced back to ancient times, with the creation of automatons and mechanical devices. These early inventions, such as the Antikythera Mechanism and Heron's Steam Engine,demonstrated the ingenuity and creativity of human engineers.Industrial Revolution: During the Industrial Revolution, robotics emerged as a key component in the automation of manufacturing processes. Industrial robots were designed to perform repetitive tasks with precision and speed,increasing productivity and efficiency.Cybernetics and AI: In the mid-20th century, the fields of cybernetics and artificial intelligence (AI) played a crucial role in the advancement of robotics. Cybernetics explored the relationship between control systems andliving organisms, while AI focused on developing machines with cognitive abilities.Advanced Robotics: The late 20th and early 21stcenturies witnessed significant breakthroughs in robotics. The development of autonomous robots, powered by advanced sensors, actuators, and AI algorithms, pushed theboundaries of machine capabilities. These robots could navigate complex environments, learn from experience, andinteract with humans in natural ways.Applications of Robotics:Manufacturing: Robotics has become indispensable in modern manufacturing. Industrial robots are used for a wide range of tasks, including welding, assembly, and packaging. Their precision, speed, and tireless operation have led to increased productivity and reduced production costs.Healthcare: Robotics plays a vital role in healthcare, assisting surgeons in performing complex procedures with greater precision and minimizing surgical trauma. Robotic assistants also provide rehabilitation therapy, assist the elderly and disabled, and deliver medicines and medical supplies.Space Exploration: Robotics has been instrumental in space exploration. Robotic probes and rovers have ventured into the depths of our solar system, collecting valuable data about planets and moons. These machines have contributed to our understanding of the cosmos and thesearch for extraterrestrial life.Disaster Response: Robots are increasingly deployed in disaster response situations. They can provide reconnaissance, search for survivors, and deliver supplies in hazardous environments where human access is limited.Personal Assistance: The advent of personal robots has brought robotics into our homes and workplaces. These robots perform various tasks, such as cleaning, cooking, and providing companionship. They are designed to assist individuals, enhance accessibility, and create a more comfortable living environment.Impact and Potential:The evolution and applications of robotics have had a profound impact on society and will continue to shape our future. Robotics has:Increased Productivity: Robots can perform many tasks more quickly and efficiently than humans, boosting economicgrowth and productivity.Improved Precision and Accuracy: Robotic systems offer a level of precision and accuracy that is often beyond human capabilities, leading to higher-quality products and services.Enhanced Safety: Robots can work in hazardous environments or perform tasks that are dangerous or physically demanding, reducing the risk of human injuries and fatalities.Facilitated Innovation: Robotics enables the development of new products and services, spurring innovation and economic growth.Expanded Human Potential: Robots can augment human capabilities, allowing individuals to perform complex tasks or access new experiences that would otherwise be inaccessible.As robotics continues to evolve, the potential for evenmore transformative applications is limitless. These machines may play a crucial role in addressing global challenges, such as climate change, healthcare disparities, and space exploration.Conclusion:The evolution and applications of robotics represent a testament to human ingenuity and the relentless pursuit of progress. From humble beginnings to sophisticated machines with cognitive abilities, robots have transformed industries, enhanced our lives, and expanded our understanding of the world around us. As robotics continues to advance, we can expect even more profound impacts on society and the limitless possibilities that lie ahead.## 机器人的发展和应用 ##。
机器人以后的发展英语作文
机器人以后的发展英语作文The Future of Robotics: Evolution, Challenges, and Opportunities.As we step into the threshold of the 21st century, the world is witnessing a rapid evolution in technology, with robots and automation playing a pivotal role in this transformation. The future of robotics promises to be even more exciting, revolutionary, and challenging, as we continue to push the boundaries of what is possible.Evolution of Robotics.Robotics has come a long way from its inception in the early 20th century. The early robots were bulky, slow, and limited to performing simple, repetitive tasks. However, with the advent of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and sensor fusion, robots have become increasingly sophisticated and autonomous.Today's robots are not just mechanical arms that follow programmed instructions; they are intelligent beings that can learn, adapt, and make decisions based on real-time data. They can interact with humans, understand natural language, and even empathize with us. The integration of robotics with other technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G communication has further expandedtheir capabilities, allowing them to operate in complex, dynamic environments.Challenges in Robotics Development.Despite the remarkable progress in robotics, there are several challenges that need to be addressed for their widespread adoption and sustained growth.One of the primary challenges is the cost of robots. While the initial investment in robotics technology can be high, the long-term benefits of increased efficiency, precision, and safety justify this expenditure. However,for small and medium-sized enterprises, the cost ofautomation can still be prohibitive.Another challenge is the ethical and socialimplications of widespread robot deployment. There are concerns about job displacement, privacy, and the potential misuse of robots. These issues need to be carefully addressed through policies, regulations, and ethical frameworks that ensure the responsible use of robotics.Technical challenges also abound. Designing robots that can operate seamlessly in unstructured environments, handle diverse tasks, and interact naturally with humans remains a significant hurdle. Additionally, ensuring the reliability, safety, and security of robots is crucial for their widespread acceptance.Opportunities in Robotics.Despite these challenges, the future of robotics is incredibly bright, offering immense opportunities in various sectors.In healthcare, robots are revolutionizing surgery, rehabilitation, and patient care. Surgical robots can perform complex operations with precision and minimal invasiveness, while rehabilitation robots help patients recover from strokes or injuries. Robots can also assist in patient monitoring and drug administration, improving the overall quality of healthcare delivery.In manufacturing, robots are increasing production efficiency, reducing waste, and enhancing product quality. Collaborative robots (cobots) that can work alongside humans are becoming increasingly popular, as they enable flexible, on-demand manufacturing.Robotics also offers巨大潜力in sectors like transportation, agriculture, logistics, and mining. Autonomous vehicles and drones are revolutionizing transportation, reducing accidents and traffic congestion. Agricultural robots can perform tasks like planting, harvesting, and monitoring crops, improving yields and sustainability. In logistics, robots are automating warehouses and delivery processes, ensuring faster and moreefficient order fulfillment. In mining, robots can operate in hazardous environments, reducing accidents and improving worker safety.Conclusion.The future of robotics is exciting and full of potential. As we continue to innovate and address the challenges that lie ahead, robots will become increasingly prevalent in our daily lives, transforming the way we work, live, and interact with each other. The key to harnessing the power of robotics lies in responsible development, ethical deployment, and continuous learning and adaptation. By leveraging the opportunities that robotics presents, we can build a safer, more efficient, and sustainable world.。
机械前沿英语词汇
机械前沿英语词汇在机械前沿领域，以下是一些常见的英语词汇：1.Robotics（机器人学）：涉及机器人设计、制造和操作的领域。
2.Automation（自动化）：指通过使用各种控制系统和设备来减少人类干预并提高生产效率的过程。
3.Mechatronics（机电一体化）：是机械工程、电子工程和计算机科学的交叉学科，涉及机械系统、电子系统和计算机系统的集成。
4.Additive Manufacturing（增材制造）：也被称为3D打印，是一种通过逐层添加材料来制造物体的过程。
5.Smart Manufacturing（智能制造）：指通过应用物联网、人工智能和数据分析等技术，实现制造过程的数字化、自动化和智能化的制造模式。
6.Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)（工业物联网）：指将物联网技术应用于工业领域，通过连接各种设备和传感器来收集和分析数据，以提高生产效率和设备性能。
7.Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)（信息物理系统）：指将物理世界与数字世界相结合的系统，其中物理组件（如机械、电气和电子设备）与计算和通信网络相连，以实现实时监测、控制和优化。
8.Machine Learning (ML)（机器学习）：指通过训练模型来使计算机能够自动地从数据中学习和改进的技术，常用于智能制造、预测维护等领域。
9.Robotics Process Automation (RPA)（机器人流程自动化）：指使用软件机器人来自动执行重复性、规则化的任务，以提高工作效率和准确性。
10.Digital Twin（数字孪生）：指通过收集和分析数据和模型来创建一个与现实系统相对应的虚拟系统，以模拟和优化实际系统的性能和行为。
这些词汇可以帮助您更好地了解机械前沿领域的相关技术和概念。
Robotics and Automation
Robotics and AutomationRobotics and automation have been transforming various industries, from manufacturing to healthcare. These technological advancements have greatly improved efficiency, accuracy, and productivity while reducing costs. However, there are also concerns regarding the impact of robotics and automation on employment, safety, and privacy.One perspective on robotics and automation is that they are essential for the growth and development of industries. With the use of robots and automated systems, businesses can increase their production rates and reduce labor costs. For instance, in the manufacturing industry, robots can perform repetitive and dangerous tasks, such as welding or painting, with greater precision and speed than human workers. This not only increases productivity but also reduces the risk of workplace injuries. In the healthcare industry, robots can assist in surgeries, monitor vital signs, and provide support for patients with disabilities. This improves the quality of care and reduces the workload of healthcare professionals. However, there are also concerns regarding the impact of robotics and automation on employment. As robots and automated systems become more sophisticated, there is a fear that they will replace human workers, leading to job losses. This is particularly true for low-skilled workers who are more likely to be replaced by robots. While it is true that some jobs will be lost, it is important to note that robotics and automationwill also create new jobs in areas such as robotics engineering and maintenance.Another concern is the safety of robotics and automation. While robots can perform dangerous tasks with greater accuracy than humans, they can also pose a risk to human safety if they malfunction or are not programmed properly. For instance, in 2015, a worker at a Volkswagen factory in Germany was killed by a robot that was not properly programmed. To ensurethe safety of both human workers and robots, it is essential to have proper training and maintenance procedures in place.Privacy is also a concern when it comes to robotics and automation. With the use of robots and automated systems, there is a risk of sensitive data being exposed or stolen. For instance, in the healthcare industry, robots that monitor vital signs and provide support for patients may collect sensitive medical information. To address this concern, it is important to have proper security measures in place to protect sensitive data.In conclusion, robotics and automation have the potential to transform various industries, improving efficiency, accuracy, and productivity while reducing costs. However, there are also concerns regarding their impact on employment, safety, and privacy. To fully realize the benefits of robotics and automation, it is essential to address these concerns and ensure that proper training, maintenance, and security measures are in place. Ultimately, the key is to strike a balance between the benefits and risks of robotics and automation, ensuring that they are used to enhance human capabilities rather than replace them.。
2013英语二 阅读翻译
2013-1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”在一篇名为(entitled)《成功（make it）在美国》的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话，笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate)：现如今，一家普通作坊里只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人在作坊里是为了喂狗，狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away from)机器。
”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.最近出现了很多(a number of)类似戴维森所写的文章，它们都表明了这样一种看法(make a point)：之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降，原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步，它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace .. with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。
智能制造大赛英语翻译作文
In the realm of advanced manufacturing,the Smart Manufacturing Competition is a prestigious event that brings together the brightest minds and the most innovative solutions in the field.The competition is designed to encourage creativity,collaboration, and the application of cuttingedge technology to revolutionize the way we produce goods and services.The Essence of the Smart Manufacturing CompetitionThe competition is a platform for students,professionals,and enthusiasts to showcase their ideas and projects that embody the principles of smart manufacturing.It is an opportunity to explore the integration of automation,data exchange,and connectivity in manufacturing technologies.Participants are expected to develop solutions that can improve efficiency,reduce waste,and enhance the quality of the production process.Key Areas of Focus1.Automation and Robotics:Projects that involve the use of robotics and automation to streamline manufacturing processes are highly sought after.This could include the development of new robotic systems or the enhancement of existing ones to perform tasks with greater precision and speed.2.Internet of Things IoT:The integration of IoT in manufacturing allows for the collection and analysis of data from various sources to optimize production.Projects that leverage IoT to improve manufacturing processes are encouraged.3.Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning:The application of AI and machine learning in predictive maintenance,quality control,and process optimization is a key focus area.Participants are expected to demonstrate how these technologies can be used to make manufacturing more intelligent and adaptive.4.Sustainable Manufacturing:Solutions that promote sustainability in manufacturing, such as energyefficient processes,waste reduction,and the use of recycled materials,are highly valued in the competition.5.HumanMachine Collaboration:Projects that enhance the interaction between humans and machines,ensuring a safe and productive working environment,are also of interest.The Competition ProcessThe competition typically follows a rigorous process that includes:Submission of Proposals:Participants submit their project proposals detailing the problem they aim to solve,the technology they plan to use,and the expected outcomes.Preliminary Evaluation:A panel of experts evaluates the proposals based on their innovation,feasibility,and potential impact on the manufacturing industry. Development Phase:Selected teams are given a set period to develop their projects, often with the support of mentors and industry professionals.Final Presentation and Judging:Teams present their completed projects to a panel of judges,who assess the projects based on their technical merit,innovation,and potential for realworld application.Awards and Recognition:Winners are announced and awarded prizes that may include cash,mentorship opportunities,and the chance to collaborate with industry partners.The Impact of the Smart Manufacturing CompetitionThe competition not only fosters innovation but also serves as a catalyst for change in the manufacturing industry.It encourages the development of solutions that can be implemented in realworld settings,leading to improvements in productivity,quality,and sustainability.Moreover,it provides a platform for networking and collaboration among participants,fostering a community of individuals dedicated to advancing the field of smart manufacturing.In conclusion,the Smart Manufacturing Competition is a significant event that plays a crucial role in the evolution of manufacturing technologies.It is a testament to the power of human ingenuity and the potential for technology to transform industries in ways that were once unimaginable.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2 System Overview
The system of the visual space mouse can be divided into two main parts: image processing and robot control. The role of image processing is to perform operations on a video signal, received by the video cameras. The aim is to extract desired information out of the video signal. The role of robot control is to transform electronic commands into movements of the manipulator.
controlling hand of the human out of the view of the camera, the system will fail. The gripper of a PUMA 560 robot arm with six degrees of freedom is used as a manipulator. One camera is placed on the ceiling providing a vertical view of the controlling hand and one camera is placed on a tripod on the oor to provide a horizontal view see Figure 1. Together, the cameras create a 3D work-space in which the user is allowed to move.
1 Introduction
In many areas of our daily life we are faced with rather complex tasks that have to be done in circumstances unfavorable for human beings. For example heavy weights may have to be lifted, or the environment is hazardous to humans. Therefore the assistance of a machine is needed. On the other hand, some of these tasks also need the presence of a human, because the complexity of the task is beyond
To Appear, Proc. 1999 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
Development of a Visual Space-Mouse
Tobias Peter Kurpjuhn kurpjuhn@lpr.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de Technische Universitat Munchen Munich, Germany Alexa Hauck hauck@lpr.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de Technische Universitat Munchen Munich, Germany Kevin Nickels knickels@ Trinity University San Antonio, TX, USA Seth Hutchinson seth@ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
the capability of an autonomous robotic system or the decisions that have to be made demand complicated background knowledge. This leads to the demand for a comfortable 3D control and manipulation interface. A very special kind of controlling device is the space-mouse that has been developed recently by 1 and 2 . The space-mouse is a controlling device similar to the standard computer mouse, but instead of moving it around on a table, which causes plane related reactions on a computer program, it consists of a chassis that holds a movable ball. This ball is attached to the chassis in such a way that it can be moved with six degrees of freedom: three translations and three rotations. This makes it possible for the user to control six degrees of freedom with one hand. Because of this, even complex robotic devices can be controlled in a very intuitive way. One step further to a more intuitive and therefore more e ective controlling device would be a system that can be instructed by watching and imitating the human user, using the hand of the user as the major controlling element. This would be a very comfortable interface that allows the user to move a robot system in a natural way. This is called the visual space mouse. The purpose of this project was to develop a system that is able to control a robotic system by observing the human and directly converting intuitive gestures into movements of the manipulator. The hand serves as the primary controller to a ect the motion and position of a robot gripper. For the observation of the user, two cameras are used. A precise calibration is not required for our method. In fact, the only calibration that is required is the approximate knowledge of the directions up", down", left" and right". If a translation or rotation of the camera moves the
Controller
2.1 Image Processing
Our image processing unit consists of two greyscale CCD charge coupled device cameras connected to an image processing device, the Datacube MaxVideo 20. This Datacube performs operations on the video output. The operations of the Datacube are controlled by a special image processing language: VEIL 5 , which is run on a host computer. In this way the data collected by the camera can be processed in a convenient way. This makes it possible to extract the desired information from the video output. In our case we identify, track and estimate the position of the hand of the user. A special feature of VEIL is the use of blobs. A blob in VEIL is de ned as a connected white region within a darker environment. The use of blobs makes it possible to detect and track special regions in the image. The image processing unit is supposed to detect and track the hand. To achieve this task, within the environmental constraints imposed on the project, an image processing task was set up as following. The video output of the camera is convolved with a blurring lter and then thresholded. After thresholding the image blob-detection is applied. Since the purpose of this project is to generate a prototype validating the bene ts of the visual spacemouse, extra constraints were placed on the image processing. In particular, a black background in combination with a dark clothing is used. By doing so, the output image of the threshold operation gives a black and white image of the camera view where objects such as the hands or the face are displayed as pure white regions. This image is then imported to the blob-routine, which will mark every white region as a blob and choose one of the blobs to be the control blob.