(完整word版)最全面英国文学史知识点总结
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读知识要点I
Part I The Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066)I Background449 the Teutons ( the Jutes, the Anglos, the Saxons)II LiteratureThe literature of this period falls into two divisions—pagan and ChristianTwo Anglo-saxon Christian poets:Caedmon （凯德蒙，公元7世纪盎各鲁－萨克逊基督教诗人）who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible.Cynewulf（基涅武甫,盎各鲁――萨克逊诗人，生活在公元9世纪，其古英语诗稿于10世纪被发现，有《埃琳娜》,《使徒们的命运》，《基督升天》和《朱莉安娜》）, the author of poems on religious subjectsIII The Song of Beowulf( Beowulf, 公元7-8世纪之交开始流传于民间的同名史诗中的主人公，曾与水怪，火龙搏斗)Status: England’s national epicWritten at the beginning of the tenth centuryComposed much earlierLength:3182The whole song is essentially pagan in spirit and matter.Features : alliteration; metaphors; understatementSubject matterPart II The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350)I historical background: The Norman ConquestII. The LiteratureThe literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure.III. Romance1. Romance was the prevailing form of literature in feudal England.2. Definition and features(理解)IV. Sir Gawain and the Green Knighta late-14th century middle-English outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur’s Round Table.It was a verse romance of 2530 lines, considered as the best of Arthurian romances.Part III Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400)I Major worksThe Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》is a translation from a French poem.His masterpiece: The Canterbury TalesII Contributions1. Chaucer—the forerunner of Renaissance2. Chaucer –a master of realism3 Chaucer—“father of English poetry”①In contradistinction to the alliterative verse of the Anglo-Saxon poetry, Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonic-syllabic verse.②He introduced from France the rhymed couplet (two successive lines of verse equal in length and with thyme) of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the heroic coupletIII the Canterbury tales1. statusThe Canterbury Tales is Chaucer's masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature2. It contains(1) a general prologue (over 800 lines)(2) 24 tales(3) separate prologues and “the links that accompany some of the tales”Part IV The RenaissanceI.The RenaissanceFeatures①A thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.②The keen interest in the activities of humanity.Essence: humanismII. The 16th century EnglandIII. The Renaissance Literature in EnglandFigures1/ Thomas More (1478-1535, 托马斯·莫尔)—the Forerunner of utopian socialism Utopia《乌托邦》(1516)2/ France Bacon (1561-1626,弗朗西斯·培根）--the scientist, philosopher and essayist3/ Thomas Wyatt (1503?-1542, 托玛斯·维亚特）--a poet, the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature4/. Edmund Spenser (1552-1599,埃德蒙·斯宾塞)，a great poetThe Faerie Queene《仙后》（1590）5/ Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)—the greatest pioneer of English drama Contributions:He reformed the genre of drama in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.He made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama6/ Prose writersJohn Lily(1553-1606，约翰·黎利) Eupheus（尤弗伊斯）gives the term of euphuism Thomas Loge (1558-1625，托马斯·洛奇)Thomas Deloney (1543-1600,托马斯·德罗尼）Thomas Nashe（1567-1601，托马斯·纳西）William Shakespeare (1564-1616)I. status: the greatest of all English authors; one of those rare geniuses of mankind; landmark in the history of world culture; one of the first founders of realism; a masterhand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relationsthe greatest dramatist in human history and the supreme poet of the English language—he wrote poems and playsII works①Poemssonnets: 1542 narrative poemsVenus and Adonis 《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece《鲁克莉斯受辱记》②plays(38)tragediesRomeo and Juliet4 great tragedies (Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth )comediesMid- Summer’ Night’s DreamhistoriesIII.Selected reading①Hamlet②Sonnet 18Francis Bacon (1561-1626)I title：Philosopher, scientist (the inventor of scientific method); Statesman Jurist(法学家）; essayistII. worksBacon’s works may be divided into three classes:a. the philosophical works:Advancement of Learning (1605, in English)Novum Organum (1620, in Latin)De Augmentis (1623, in latin)b. the literary works:Essays( 1597,1612, 1625)c. the professional works:Maxism of the LawReading on the Statute of Uses 用益权法Part V The 17th Century The period of Revolution and RestorationI. Social Background1. The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous[动荡的] periods in Englishhistory.2.In 1642, the civil war (English revolution/ Puritan revolution) broke outbetween Charles I and the parliament.3. The restoration (1660)4.The glorious revolution(1688)II. Puritan and PuritanismIII. Literature of the 17th century1.The revolution periodGeneral Characteristics①The Revolution Period was one of confusion in literature due to the breaking upof the old ideals. The Puritans believed in simplicity of life. They disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry written in the previous period.②The Puritan influence in general tended to suppress literary art. Yet this hard,stern sect produced a great poet, John Milton, and a great prose writer, John Bunyan.③Literature in the Puritan Age expressed sadness. Even its brightest hours werefollowed by gloom and pessimism.④John Milton, whose work would glorify any age and people, and in his work theindomitable（不屈服的）revolutionary spirit found its noblest expression. For this reason, this period is also called Age of Milton．⑤The main literary form of the period was poetry. Besides Milton, there were twoother groups of poets, the Metaphysical Poets and the Cavalier Poets.2. Literature of the Restorationgeneral characteristics①a sudden breaking away from old standards②Restoration literature is deeply influenced by French classical taste. It is a period of French influence.rimed couplets-blank verseThe unitiesA more regular constructionThe presentations of types rather than individuals③restoration comediesRestoration created a literature of its own that was often witty and clever, but on the whole immoral and cynical. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose chief aim was to entertain the licentious aristocrats. The comedies are coarse in language and their view of the relations between men and women is immoral and dishonest.④John Dryden (1631-1670)critic, poet, and playwrightthe most distinguished literary figure of the time(一)John Donne (1573-1631)I ①The founder of the Metaphysical School and very influential upon modern writers②a preacher famous for his magnificent sermons at his timeIII Major WorksEarly works: Songs and Sonnets( written before 1600, 55 love poems)The Flea 《跳蚤》Song: Go and Catch a Falling StarWoman’s Constancy 《女人的忠贞》A Valediction : of Weeping《别离辞：哭泣》A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《别离辞：节哀》late works: Religious poems and sermons(二) John Milton(1608-1674)I status ①A great puritan poet②his work would glorify any age or people, and in him the indomitable puritan spirit finds the noblest expression.II Milton’s WorksThree literary periods:①early period: poems written in Cambridge and at Horton②middle-aged period: prose pamphletsAreopagitica(Speech for the Liberty of UnlicensedPrinting,1644 )Eikonoklaste s ( Image Breaker, 1649)Defense for the English People (1650)③the period of his old age :great poemsParadise Lost (1658-1664)Paradise Regained (1671)Samson Agonistes (1671)III Paradise Lost①status:•the only great epic since Beowulf•one of the greatest poems of the English language②ThemeThe theme is “ the fall of man,” i.e. man's disobedience and the loss of paradise , with its cause –Satan .(三) John Bunyan1628—1688I status•He received spiritual independence from the Reformation•the chief Puritan writer of prose•He gave us the only great allegory ——The Pilgrim’s ProgressII The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678)①It is about Christian’s journey from his hometown “the city of Destruction” to the “CelestialCity”, and his experiences and adventures on his journey.It depicts the pilgrimage of a human soul in search of Salvation.②It was written in the form of allegory and dream.③Christian’s journey in 10 stages (scenes)Slough of DespondThe House of InterpreterThe Hill of DifficultyHouse BeautifulValley of HumiliationThe valley of the Shadow of DeathVanity FairDoubting CastleThe Delectable MountainsCelestial City④vanity fair•Vanity Fair is one of the most remarkable passages of The Pilgrim’s Progress•“Vanity” means “emptiness” or “worthless”, hence•the fair is an allegory of worldliness & the corruption of the religious life through the attractions of the world•the great critical realist of the 19th century, W. M. Thackeray, employed “Vanity Fair” as the title for his masterpiece that gives a comprehensive satirical picture of the aristocratic bourgeois society of 19th century England(完整word版)英国文学史及选读知识要点I Part VI The 18th century The Age of Enlightenment in England（the age of reason)I. Historical backgroundThe EnlightenmentVersion 1: p 165-166II. Literature1. NeoclassicismwritersJohn Dryden(1631-1700)Alexander Pope(1660-1744)散文《论批评》An Essay on Criticism讽刺史诗《夺发记》The Rape of the LockSamuel Johnson (1709-1784)《英文大词典》A Dictionary of the English Language2. Essays•Joseph Addison (1672-1719)•Richard Steele (1667-1745)The TatlerThe Spectator3.modern English novelWritersDaniel Defoe (1661-1731) Robinson CrusoeHenry Fielding (1707-1754) The History of Tom Jones, A FoundlingT. G. Smollet (1721-1771) satirical novelsSamuel Richardson (1689-1761) PamelaOliver Goldsmith (1728-1774) The Vicar of WakefieldJonathan Swift (1667-1745) Gulliver's TravelsLawrence Sterne (1713-1768) Sentimental JourneyRobinson Crusoe was one of the forerunners of the English 18th century realistic novel. But it was Henry fielding and Tobias George Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe.4. Drama•Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774)She stoops to Conquer•Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)the Rivalsthe School for Scandal5. SentimentalismNovelistsSamuel Richardson Pamela帕米拉Laurence Sterne Sentimental JourneyPoetsThomas Gray (1716-1771) Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardOliver Goldsmith (1728-1774) The Deserted VillageGeorge Crabbe (1754-1832) The Village 6 Gothic novelwritersHorace Walpole (1727-1797)The Castle of Otranto奥特伦托城堡Ann Radcliff (1764-1823)The Mysteries of Udolpho 尤道弗之谜7. pre-romanticismthe poets•William Blake (1757-1821)•Robert Burns (1759-1796)（一）Daniel Defoe (1661-1731)works1.PamphletThe Shortest Way with the Dissenters 2. Fiction (picaresque novel)Robin Crusoe (1719)Captain Singleton (1720)Duncan Campbell (1720)Memoirs of Cavalier (1720)Colonel Jack (1722)Moll Flanders (1722)Journal of the Plague Year (1722)Account of Jonathan Wild (1725)The History of the Devil (1726)（二）Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)I ①A satirist②The supreme prose master in the first part of the 18th century is Swift. II The works of Swift:The Battle of the Books书的战争（1704）A Tale of A Tub一只桶的故事（1704）The Journal to Stella斯特拉日记（1710-1713）A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议（1729）Drapier’s Letters布商的信（1724，1725）Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记（1726）III Gulliver’s Travelsfour voyages of Lemuel GulliverThe first part : LilliputThe second part: BrobdingnagThe last part: the land of HouyhnhnmsThe third part: LaputaIV A Modest Proposal (1729)A Modest Proposal is the best and most famous political satire of Swift.（三）Joseph Addison(1672-1719)Richard Steele (1672-1729)1. The Tatlerstarted by_______containing: news,gossip,stories and jokespublished ______times a week_______small pagesrun about ______years2.The SpectatorPublished every morningContaining only familiar essaysform: The spectator was supposed to be edited by a small club run by Mr Spectator, including mainly Sir Roger de Coverley and several others.Content: comment on books; earnest efforts after reform; Character sketches of sir Roger3. The purpose4. the meaning and influence of the T and the S5. The style of AddisonP 2306. The literary genre of essayp228 L7-L13（四）Henry Fielding(1707-1754)I chiefly a novelistthen a dramatistthe founder of English realistic novel“ Father of English novel”II works①The History of the Adventure of Joseph Andrews and His Friend Mr. Adams1742《约瑟夫·安德鲁斯》a parody of Richardson’s Pamela②Jonathan Wild, the Great 1743《大伟人乔纳森·威尔德传》the story of a rogue③The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling 1749《弃儿汤姆琼斯的历史》masterpiece④The History of Amelia 1751《艾米利亚》（五）Thomas Gray(1716-1771)Elegy written in a Country Churchyard①Type: elegy (a somber poem or song that praises or laments the dead)②Key dates: Gray began writing the poem in 1742, put it aside for a while, and finished it in 1750. He was meticulous: everything he wrote had to be just right. He believed that one imprecise word could ruin an entire work. Consequently, In “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,” he labored on until all the words were right③setting: Churchyard at Stoke Poges in Buckinghamshire, England. Gray was buried in that churchyard.④format: four-line stanzas in iambic pentameter.In each stanza, the first line rhymes with the third and the second rhymes with the fourth.⑤status: one of the greatest poems in the English language. It knits structure, rhyme scheme, imagery and message into a brilliant work that confers on Gray everlasting fame.⑥school: sentimental poetrythe graveyard school（六）Oliver Goldsmith(1728-1774)I ①an Irish Writer②a representative of Sentimentalism③One of the most versatile of authors and made distinguished contributions in several literary forms.II Works• A novelThe vicar of Wakefield 1761-1762威克菲尔德的牧师/威克菲牧师传•comediesShe stoops to Conquer 1773 委曲求全Good-natured Man 1768 好性情的人• A series of essaysThe Citizen of the World 1762世界公民•Poems:The Traveler 1764 旅行者The Deserted Villiage1770 荒村（七）Richard Brinsley Sheridan(1751-1816)I ①the most important English playwright of the 18th century.②His plays, especially The Rivals and The School for Scandal, are generally regarded as importantlinks between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw. II. Dramas of Sheridan•The Rivals情敌1775•The School for Scandal造谣学校1777•The Critic1779（七）William Blake (1757-1827)I the most independent and the most original romantic poetThe poet of inspirationThe mystic and transcendental poetThe most extraordinary literary geniusII works1. Poetical Sketches (1783)a collection of youthful poems.Joy, laughter, love and harmony are the prevailing notes.2. Songs of Innocence (1789)3. Songs of Experience (1794)III selected reading（八）Robert Burns（1759-1796）I ①the greatest of Scottish poetMost of his poems and songs were written in Scotch dialect.Burns had a deep knowledge and an excellent mastery of theold Scotch song tradition.②a farmer poet.Burns was a plowman. He came from the people and wrote for the people. He was the people’s poet.③a pre-romantic poetIIｓｅｌｅｃｔｅｄｒｅａｄｉｎｇ。
英国文学知识(完整)
英国文学知识上海新东方王海国一．古英语时期（Old English Literature 公元499—1066年）英国文学开山之作：头韵体诗歌（alliteration）《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）琴涅武甫（Cynewulf）：Christ；《朱莉安娜》（Juliana）和《埃琳娜》（Elene）；《圣徒们的命运》（The Fates of the Apostles）阿尔弗雷德大帝（King Alfred）：《盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史》（Anglo-Saxon Chronicle），被誉为“英国散文之父”（Father of English Prose）二．中古英语时期（Medieval English Literature 公元1066年—15世纪）头韵体诗歌：《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight）英国名谣：《罗宾汉名谣集》（The Robin Hood Ballads）威廉·兰格伦（William Langland）：《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》（piers the Plowman）杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）：英国中世纪最伟大的诗人，享有“英国诗歌之父”的美誉（Father of English Poetry）。
the first great poet who wrote in the English language，who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.代表作：八音节（octosyllabic）英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）诗歌《坎特布雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）。
托马斯·马洛礼（Sir Thomas Malory）：英国15世纪优秀的散文家，代表作为《亚瑟王之死》（Le Morte D’Arthur）三．文艺复兴时期（Renaissance 15世纪末—17世纪）托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More）：伟大的人文主义者，代表作：《乌托邦》（Utopia）托马斯·怀特（Thomas Wyatt）和亨利·霍华德（Henry Howard）的十四行诗（Sonnet）。
《英国文学简史》重点笔记(完整版)
英国文学简史完全版A Concise History of British LiteratureChapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon PeriodI.Introduction1. The historical background（1）Before the Germanic invasion（2）During the Germanic invasiona. immigration;b. Christianity;c. heptarchy.d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen （lord）– thane - middle class （freemen）- lower class （slave or bondmen: theow）;e. social organization: clan or tribes.f. military Organization;g. Church function: spirit, civil service, education;h. economy: coins, trade, slavery;i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j. legal system.2. The Overview of the culture（1）The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit.（2）Literature: a. poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures.II.Beowulf.1. A general introduction.2. The content.3. The literary features.（1）the use of alliteration（2）the use of metaphors and understatements（3）the mixture of pagan and Christian elementsIII.The Old English Prose1.What is prose?2.figures（1）The Venerable Bede（2）Alfred the GreatChapter 2 English Literature of the Late Medieval Ages I.Introduction 1. The Historical Background.（1）The year 1066: Norman Conquest.（2）The social situations soon after the conquest.A. Norman nobles and serfs;B. restoration of the church.（3）The 11th century.A. the crusade and knights.B. dominance of French and Latin;（4）The 12th century.A. the centralized government;B. kings and the church （Henry II and Thomas）;（5）The 13th century.A. The legend of Robin Hood;B. Magna Carta （1215）;C. the beginning of the ParliamentD. English and Latin: official languages （the end）（6）The 14th century.a. the House of Lords and the House of Commons—conflict between the Parliament and Kings;b. the rise of towns.c. the change of Church.d. the role of women.e. the Hundred Years' War—starting.f. the development of the trade: London.g. the Black Death.h. the Peasants' Revolt—1381.i. The translation of Bible by Wycliff.（7）The 15th century.a. The Peasants Revolt （1453）b. The War of Roses between Lancasters and Yorks.c. the printing-press—William Caxton.d. the starting of Tudor Monarchy（1485）2. The Overview of Literature.（1）the stories from the Celtic lands of Wales and Brittany—great myths of the Middle Ages.（2）Geoffrye of Monmouth—Historia Regum Britanniae—King Authur. （3）Wace—Le Roman de Brut.（4）The romance.（5）the second half of the 14th century: Langland, Gawin poet, Chaucer. II.Sir Gawin and Green Knight.1. a general introduction.2. the plot.III.William Langland.1. Life2. Piers the PlowmanIV.Chaucer1. Life2. Literary Career: three periods（1）French period（2）Italian period（3）master period3. The Canterbury TalesA. The Framework;B. The General Prologue;C. The Tale Proper.4. His Contribution.（1）He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types.（2）He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language. （3）The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.V. Popular Ballads.VI.Thomas Malory and English ProseVII.The beginning of English Drama.1. Miracle Plays.Miracle play or mystery play is a form of medieval drama that came from dramatization of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. It developed from the 10th to the 16th century, reaching its height in the 15th century. The simple lyric character of the early texts was enlarged by the addition of dialogue and dramatic action. Eventually the performance was moved to the churchyard and the marketplace.2. Morality Plays.A morality play is a play enforcing a moral truth or lesson by means of the speech and action of characters which are personified abstractions – figures representing vices and virtues, qualities of the human mind, or abstract conceptions in general.3. Interlude.The interlude, which grew out of the morality, was intended, as its name implies, to be used more as a filler than as the main part of an entertainment. As its best it was short, witty, simple in plot, suited for the diversion of guests at a banquet, or for the relaxation of the audience between the divisions of a serious play. It was essentially an indoors performance, and generally of an aristocratic nature.Chapter 3 English Literature in the Renaissance I.A Historical Background II. The Overview of the Literature （1485-1660）Printing press—readership—growth of middle class—trade-education for laypeople-centralization of power-intellectual life-exploration-new impetus and direction of literature.Humanism-study of the literature of classical antiquity and reformed education.Literary style-modeled on the ancients.The effect of humanism-the dissemination of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically educated adherents.1. poetryThe first tendency by Sidney and Spenser: ornate, florid, highly figured style.The second tendency by Donne: metaphysical style—complexity and ingenuity.The third tendency by Johnson: reaction——Classically pure and restrained style.The fourth tendency by Milton: central Christian and Biblical tradition.2. Dramaa. the native tradition and classical examples.b. the drama stands highest in popular estimation: Marlowe – Shakespeare –Jonson.3. Prosea. translation of Bible;b. More;c. Bacon.II.English poetry.1. Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard （courtly makers）（1）Wyatt: introducing sonnets.（2）Howard: introducing sonnets and writing the first blank verse.2. Sir Philip Sidney—poet, critic, prose writer（1）Life:a. English gentleman;b. brilliant and fascinating personality;c. courtier.（2）worksa. Arcadia: pastoral romance;b. Astrophel and Stella （108）: sonnet sequence to Penelope Dvereux—platonic devotion.Petrarchan conceits and original feelings-moving to creativeness—building of a narrative story; theme-love originality-act of writing.c. Defense of Poesy: an apology for imaginative literature—beginning of literary criticism.3. Edmund Spenser（1）life: Cambridge - Sidney's friend - “Areopagus” –Ireland - Westminster Abbey.（2）worksa. The Shepherds Calendar: the budding of English poetry in Renaissance.b. Amoretti and Epithalamion: sonnet sequencec. Faerie Queene:l The general end——A romantic and allegorical epic—steps to virtue.l 12 books and 12 virtues: Holiness, temperance, justice and courtesy.l Two-level function: part of the story and part of allegory （symbolic meaning）l Many allusions to classical writers.l Themes: puritanism, nationalism, humanism and Renaissance Neoclassicism—a Christian humanist.（3）Spenserian Stanza.III.English Prose1. Thomas More（1）Li fe: “Renaissance man”, scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer, diplomat, patron of artsa. learned Greek at Canterbury College, Oxford;b. studies law at Lincoln Inn;c. Lord Chancellor;d. beheaded.（2）Utopia: the first English science fiction.Written in Latin, two parts, the second—place of nowhere.A philosophical mariner （Raphael Hythloday）tells his voyages in which he discovers a land-Utopia.a. The part one is organized as dialogue with mariner depicting his philosophy.b. The part two is a description of the island kingdom where gold and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anything.c. the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time.d. the book and the Republic: an attempt to describe the Republic in a new way, but it possesses an modern character and the resemblance is in externals.e. it played a key role in the Humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the Medieval otherworldliness towards Renaissancesecularism.f. the Utopia（3）the significance.a. it was the first champion of national ideas and national languages; it created a national prose, equally adapted to handling scientific and artistic material.b. a elegant Latin scholar and the father of English prose: he composed works in English, translated from Latin into English biography, wrote History of Richard III.2. Francis Bacon: writer, philosopher and statesman（1）life: Cambridge - humanism in Paris – knighted - Lord Chancellor –bribery - focusing on philosophy and literature.（2）philosophical ideas: advancement of science—people:servants and interpreters of nature—method: a child before nature—facts and observations: experimental.（3）“Essays”: 57.a. he was a master of numerous and varied styles.b. his method is to weigh and balance maters, indicating the ideal course of action and the practical one, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each, but leaving the reader to make the final decisions. （arguments）IV.English Drama1. A general survey.（1）Everyman marks the beginning of modern drama.（2）two influences.a. the classics: classical in form and English in content;b. native or popular drama.（3）the University Wits.2. Christopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted of the Wits.（1）Life: first interested in classical poetry—then in drama.（2）Major worksa. Tamburlaine;b. The Jew of Malta;c. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.（3）The significance of his plays.V. William Shakespeare1. Life（1）1564, Stratford-on-Avon;（2）Grammar School;（3）Queen visit to Castle;（4）marriage to Anne Hathaway;（5）London, the Globe Theatre: small part and proprietor;（6）the 1st Folio, Quarto;（7）Retired, son—Hamnet; H. 1616.2. Dramatic career3. Major plays-men-centered.（1）Romeo and Juliet——tragic love and fate （2）The Merchant of Venice.Good over evil.Anti-Semitism.（3）Henry IV.National unity.Falstaff.（4）Julius CaesarRepublicanism vs. dictatorship.（5）HamletRevengeGood/evil.（6）OthelloDiabolic characterjealousygap between appearance and reality.（7）King LearFilial ingratitude（8）MacbethAmbition vs. fate.（9）Antony and Cleopatra.Passion vs. reason（10）The TempestReconciliation; reality and illusion.3. Non-dramatic poetry（1）Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece.（2）Sonnets:a. theme: fair, true, kind.b. two major parts: a handsome young man of noble birth; a lady in dark complexion.c. the form: three quatrains and a couplet.d. the rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg.VI.Ben Jonson1. life: poet, dramatist, a Latin and Greek scholar, the “literary king” （Sons of Ben）2.contribution:（1）the idea of “humour”.（2）an advocate of classical drama and a forerunner of classicism in English literature.3. Major plays（1）Everyone in His Humour—“humour”; three unities.（2）V olpone the FoxChapter 4 English Literature of the 17th Century I.A Historical BackgroundII.The Overview of the Literature （1640-1688）1. The revolution period（1）The metaphysical poets;（2）The Cavalier poets.（3）Milton: the literary and philosophical heritage of the Renaissance merged with Protestant political and moral conviction2. The restoration period.（1）The restoration of Charles II ushered in a literature characterized by reason, moderation, good taste, deft management, and simplicity. （school of Ben Jonson）（2）The ideals of impartial investigation and scientific experimentation promoted by the newly founded Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge （1662）were influential in the development of clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational communication.（3）The great philosophical and political treatises of the time emphasize rationalism.（4）The restoration drama.（5）The Age of Dryden.III.John Milton1. Life: educated at Cambridge—visiting the continent—involved into therevolution—persecuted—writing epics.2. Literary career.（1）The 1st period was up to 1641, during which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans, although his Puritanism is not absent. L'Allegre and IL Pens eroso （1632）are his early masterpieces, in which we find Milton a true offspring of the Renaissance, a scholar of exquisite taste and rare culture. Next came Comus, a masque. The greatest of early creations was Lycidas, a pastoral elegy on the death of a college mate, Edward King.（2）The second period is from 1641 to 1654, when the Puritan was in such complete ascendancy that he wrote almost no poetry. In 1641, he began a long period of pamphleteering for the puritan cause. For some 15 years, the Puritan in him alone ruled his writing. He sacrificed his poetic ambition to the call of the liberty for which Puritans were fighting.（3）The third period is from 1655 to 1671, when humanist and Puritan have been fused into an exalted entity. This period is the greatest in his literary life, epics and some famous sonnets. The three long poems are the fruit of the long contest within Milton of Renaissance tradition and his Puritan faith. They form the greatest accomplishments of any English poet except Shakespeare. In Milton alone, it would seem, Puritanism could not extinguish the lover of beauty. In these works we find humanism and Puritanism merged in magnificence.3. Major Works（1）Paradise Losta. the plot.b. characters.c. theme: justify the ways of God to man.（2）Paradise Regained.（3）Samson Agonistes.4. Features of Milton's works.（1）Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics, and who is both a great poet and an important prose writer. The two most essential things to be remembered about him are his Puritanism and his republicanism.（2）Milton wrote many different types of poetry. He is especially a great master of blank verse. He learned much from Shakespeare and first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.（3）Milton is a great stylist. He is famous for his grand style noted for its dignity and polish, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study.（4）Milton has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.IV.John Bunyan1. life:（1）puritan age;（2）poor family;（3）parliamentary army;（4）Baptist society, preacher;（5）prison, writing the book.2. The Pilgrim Progress（1）The allegory in dream form.（2）the plot.（3）the theme.V. Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets.1. Metaphysical PoetsThe term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to designate the works of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Pressured by the harsh, uncomfortable and curious age, the metaphysical poets sought to shatter myths and replace them with new philosophies, new sciences, new words and new poetry. They tried to break away from the conventional fashion of Elizabethan love poetry, and favoured in poetry for a more colloquial language and tone, a tightness of expression and the single-minded working out of a theme or argument.2. Cavalier PoetsThe other group prevailing in this period was that of Cavalier poets. They were often courtiers who stood on the side of the king, and calledthemselves “sons” of Ben Jonson. The Cavalier poets wrote light poetry, polished and elegant, amorous and gay, but often superficial. Most of their verses were short songs, pretty madrigals, love fancies characterized by lightness of heart and of morals. Cavalier poems have the limpidity of the Elizabethan lyric without its imaginative flights. They are lighter and neater but less fresh than the Elizabethan's.VI.John Dryden.1. Life:（1）the representative of classicism in the Restoration.（2）poet, dramatist, critic, prose writer, satirist.（3）changeable in attitude.（4）Literary career—four decades.（5）Poet Laureate2. His influences.（1）He established the heroic couplet as the fashion for satiric, didactic, and descriptive poetry.（2）He developed a direct and concise prose style.（3）He developed the art of literary criticism in his essays and in the numerous prefaces to his poems.Chapter 5 English Literature of the 18th Century I.Introduction1. The Historical Background.2. The literary overview.（1）The Enlightenment.（2）The rise of English novels.When the literary historian seeks to assign to each age its favourite form of literature, he finds no difficulty in dealing with our own time. As the Middle Ages delighted in long romantic narrative poems, the Elizabethans in drama, the Englishman of the reigns of Anne and the early Georges in didactic and satirical verse, so the public of our day is enamored of the novel. Almost all types of literary production continue to appear, but whether we judge from the lists of publishers, the statistics of public libraries, or general conversation, we find abundant evidence of the enormous preponderance of this kind of literary entertainment in popular favour.（3）Neo-classicism: a revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance, and harmony in literature. John Dryden and Alexander Pope were major exponents of the neo-classical school.（4）Satiric literature.（5）SentimentalismII.Neo-classicism. （a general description）1. Alexander Pope（1）Life:a.Catholic family;b.ill health;c.taught himself by reading and translating;d.friend of Addison, Steele and Swift.（2）three groups of poems:e.An Essay on Criticism （manifesto of neo-classicism）;f. The Rape of Lock;g.Translation of two epics.（3）His contribution:h.the heroic couplet—finish, elegance, wit, pointedness;i.satire.（4）weakness: lack of imagination.2. Addison and Steele（1）Richard Steele: poet, playwright, essayist, publisher of newspaper. （2）Joseph Addison: studies at Oxford, secretary of state, created a literary periodical “Spectator” （with Steele, 1711）（3）Spectator Club.（4）The significance of their essays.a. Their writi ngs in “The Tatler”, and “The Spectator” provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.b. They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century.c. In their hands, the English essay completely established itself as aliterary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel.3. Samuel Johnson—poet, critic, essayist, lexicographer, editor.（1）Life:a.studies at Oxford;b.made a living by writing and translating;c.the great cham of literature.（2）works: poem （The Vanity of Human Wishes, London）; criticism （The Lives of great Poets）; preface.（3）The champion of neoclassical ideas.III.Literature of Satire: Jonathan Swift.1.Life:（1）born in Ireland;（2）studies at Trinity College;（3）worked as a secretary;（4）the chief editor of The Examiner;（5）the Dean of St. Patrick's in Dublin.2. Works: The Battle of Books, A Tale of a Tub, A Modest Proposal, Gulliver's Travels.3. Gulliver's Travels.Part I. Satire—the Whig and the Tories, Anglican Church and Catholic Church.Part II. Satire—the legal system; condemnation of war.Part III. Satire—ridiculous scientific experiment.Part IV. Satire—mankind.IV.English Novels of Realistic tradition.1. The Rise of novels.（1）Early forms: folk tale – fables – myths – epic – poetry – romances –fabliaux – novelle - imaginative nature of their material. （imaginative narrative）（2）The rise of the novela.picaresque novel in Spain and England （16th century）: Of or relating to a genre of prose fiction that originated in Spain and depicts in realistic detail the adventures of a roguish hero, often with satiric or humorous effects.b.Sidney: Arcadia.c. Addison and Steele: The Spectator.（plot and characterization and realism）（3）novel and drama （17the century）2. Daniel Defoe—novelist, poet, pamphleteer, publisher, merchant, journalist.）（1）Life:a.business career;b.writing career;c.interested in politics.（2）Robinson Cusoe.a. the story.b. the significance of the character.c. the features of his novels.d. the style of language.3. Henry Fielding—novelist.（1）Life:a.unsuccessful dramatic career;b.legal career; writing career.（2）works.（3）Tom Jones.a.the plot;b.characters: Tom, Blifil, Sophia;c.significance.（4）the theory of realism.（5）the style of language.V. Writers of Sentimentalism.1. Introduction2. Samuel Richardson—novelist, moralist （One who is unduly concerned with the morals of others.）（1）Life:a.printer book seller;b.letter writer.（2）Pamela, Virtue Rewarded.a.the storyb.the significancePamela was a new thing in these ways:a）It discarded the “improbable and marvelous” accomplishments of the former heroic romances, and pictured the life and love of ordinary people. b）Its intension was to afford not merely entertainment but also moral instruction.c）It described not only the sayings and doings of characters but their also their secret thoughts and feelings. It was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.3. Oliver Goldsmith—poet and novelist.A. Life:a.born in Ireland;b.a singer and tale-teller, a life of vagabondage;c.bookseller;d.the Literary Club;e.a miserable life;f. the most lovable character in English literature.B. The Vicar of Wakefield.a.story;b.the signicance.VI.English Drama of the 18th century1. The decline of the drama2. Richard Brinsley SheridenA. life.B. works: Rivals, The School for Scandals.C. significance of his plays.a. The Rivals and The School for Scandal are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English comedy.b. In his plays, morality is the constant theme. He is much concerned with the current moral issues and lashes harshly at the social vices of the day.c. Sheridan's greatness also lies in his theatrical art. He seems to have inherited from his parents a natural ability and inborn knowledge about the theatre. His plays are the product of a dramatic genius as well as of a well-versed theatrical man.d. His plots are well-organized, his characters, either major or minor, are all sharply drawn, and his manipulation of such devices as disguise, mistaken identity and dramatic irony is masterly. Witty dialogues and neat and decent language also make a characteristic of his plays. Chapter 6 English Literature of the Romantic Age I.Introduction1. Historical Background2. Literary Overview: RomanticismCharacteristics of Romanticism:（1）The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings（2）The creation of a world of imagination（3）The return to nature for material（4）Sympathy with the humble and glorification of the commonplace （5）Emphasis upon the expression of individual genius（6）The return to Milton and the Elizabethans for literary models （7）The interest in old stories and medieval romances（8）A sense of melancholy and loneliness（9）The rebellious spiritII.Pre-Romantics1. Robert Burns（1）Life: French Revolution（2）Features of poetrya. Burns is chiefly remembered for his songs written in the Scottish dialect.b. His poems are usually devoid of artificial ornament and have a great charm of simplicity.c. His poems are especially appreciated for their musical effect.d. His political and satirical poems are noted for his passionate love forfreedom and fiery sentiments of hatred against tyranny.（3）Significance of his poetryHis poetry marks an epoch in the history of English literature. They suggested that the spirit of the Romantic revival was embodied in this obscure ploughman. Love, humour, pathos, the response to nature –all the poetic qualities that touch the human heart are in his poems, which marked the sunrise of another day – the day of Romanticism.2. William Blake（1）life: French Revolution（2）works.l Songs of Innocencel Songs of Experience（3）featuresa. sympathy with the French Revolutionb. hatred for 18th century conformity and social institutionc. attitude of revolt against authorityd. strong protest against restrictive codes（4）his influenceBlake is often regarded as a symbolist and mystic, and he has exerted a great influence on twentieth century writers. His peculiarities of thought and imaginative vision have in many ways proved far more congenial to the 20th century than they were to the 19th.III.Romantic Poets of the first generation1. Introduction2. William Wordsworth: representative poet, chief spokesman of Romantic poetry（1）Life:a.love nature;b.Cambridge;c.tour to France;d.French revolution;e.Dorathy;f. The Lake District;g.friend of Coleridge;h.conservative after revolution.（2）works:a. the Lyrical Ballads （preface）: significanceb. The Prelude: a biographical poem.c. the other poems（3）Features of his poems.a.ThemeA constant theme of his poetry was the growth of the human spirit through the natural description with expressions of inward states of mind.b.characteristics of style.His poems are characterized by a sympathy with the poor, simple peasants, and a passionate love of nature.3. Samuel Taylor Coleridge: poet and critic（1）Life:a.Cambridge;b.friend with Southey and Wordsworth;c.taking opium.（2）works.l The fall of Robespierrel The Rime of the Ancient Marinerl Kubla Khanl Biographia Literaria（3）Biographia Literaria.（4）His criticismHe was one of the first critics to give close critical attention to language. In both poetry and criticism, his work is outstanding, but it is typical of him that his critical work is very scattered and disorganized.IV.Romantic Poets of the Second Generation.1. Introduction2. George Gordon Byron（1）Life:a.Cambridge, published poems and reviews;b.a tour of Europe and the East;c.left England;d.friend with Shelley;e.worked in Greece: national hero;f. radical and sympathetic with French Revolution.（2）Works.l Don Juanl When We Two Partedl She Walks in Beauty（3）Byronic Hero.Byron introduced into English poetry a new style of character, which as often been referred to as “Byronic Hero” of “satanic spirit”. People imagined that they saw something of Byron himself in these strange figures of rebels, pirates, and desperate adventurers.（4）Poetic style: loose, fluent and vivid3. Percy Bysshe Shelley: poet and critic（1）Life:a.aristocratic family;b.rebellious heart;c.Oxford;d.Irish national liberation Movement;e.disciple of William Godwin;f. marriage with Harriet, and Marry;g.left England and wandered in EUrope, died in Italy;h.radical and sympathetic with the French revolution;i. Friend with Byron（2）works: two types – violent reformer and wanderer （3）Characteristics of poems.a.pursuit of a better society;b.radian beauty;c. superb artistry: imagination.（4）Defense of Poetry.4. John Keats.（1）Life:a.from a poor family;b.Cockney School;c.friend with Byron and Shelley;d.attacked by the conservatives and died in Italy.（2）works.（3）Characteristics of poemsa.loved beauty;b.seeking refuge in an idealistic world of illusions and dreams. V. Novelists of the Romantic Age.1. Water Scott. Novelist and poet。
英国文学史知识点
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类: pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作: The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法)例子: of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise、二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士与绿衣骑士) 就是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里、乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups、朝圣者都就是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层与社会团体小说特点:each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character、这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。
(完整word版)最全面英国文学史知识点总结
英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.①<The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③<The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读知识要点II
Part VII The Romantic Period (1798-1832) Romanticism in EnglandI. background1.The French Revolution（1789-1799）2. The Industrial RevolutionII romanticism1. definition and characteristics （理解）2. The period: 1798-1832Beginning with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads (1798), ending with Walter Scott’s death(1832)3. The representative poetsWilliam Wordsworth（1770-1850）威廉·华兹华斯S.T. Coleridge （1772-1834）S.T.柯勒律治Robert Southey （1774-1843）罗伯特·骚塞George Gordon, Lord Byron （1788-1824）乔治·戈登·拜伦Percy Bysshe Shelley（1792-1822）珀西·比希·雪莱John Keats（1795-1821）约翰·济慈4. The prose writersWalter Scott (1771-1832): historical novelist 沃尔特·司各特James Austen (1775-1817) : novelist 简·奥斯丁Charles Lamb (1775-1834): essayist 查尔斯·兰姆5. Literary formsThe age of Wordsworth –like the age of Shakespeare - was decidedly an age of poetry. There was also a noteworthy development of the novel which was already beginning to establish itself as the favorite literary form of nineteenth century.The drama was the only literary form that was not adequately represented.（一）William Wordsworth(1770-1850)I status①the leading figure of the English romantic poetry②He has started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self.③using the ordinary speech and advocating a return to nature.II works1. Subjects:①Poems about nature②Poems about human life2. WorksLines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey (1798) 《廷腾寺》The Prelude (1805-1806) 《序曲》The Excursion (1814) 《远足》Sonnets3. selected readingTintern AbbeyShe Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways 她住在人迹罕见的路边I Traveled Among Unknown Men 我曾在异乡漫游I wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我像一朵孤独的浮云The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女（二）George Gordon, Lord Byron(1788-1824)I. Literary Works①Hours of Idleness《闲暇时刻》《消闲时光》②The English Bards and Scott Reviewers《英国诗人和苏格兰评论家》③Child Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》Canto I,II(1812)Canto III (1816)Canto Iv (1818)④Oriental Tales⑤Manfred 《曼弗雷德》a poetical drama（诗剧）⑥Cain 《该隐》a poetical drama⑦Don Juan《唐璜》II Selected Reading1.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰尔德·哈罗德游记2.Don Juan 唐璜(The Isles of Greece 哀希腊)3. When We Two Parted 当我俩分别的时候4. She Walks in Beauty 她早在美的光影里5. Sonnet on Chillon 夏兰（瑞士一古堡）的囚徒III Byronic Hero （理解）（三）Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)The worksTwo narratives①Queen Mab 麦布女王1813②The Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛1818 Lyrics③Ode to the West Wind 西风颂1819④To a Skylark 云雀颂1820⑤The Cloud 云1820⑥Adonais 阿多尼an elegy for John KeatsPoetic drama⑦Prometheus Unbound 解放的普罗米修斯1819⑧The Cenci 钦契一家The major prose essay ⑨A Defence of Poetry诗辩1822（四）John Keats (1795-1821)I works①a sonnetOn First Looking into Chapman’s Homer 1817初读查浦曼译之荷马②a long narrative poemEndymion 1818 恩底弥翁③a volume of verseLamia , Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems 1820拉米亚、伊莎贝拉、圣安格尼斯节前夜和其它的诗( four great odes –On Melancholy忧郁颂, On a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂, To Psyche精神颂, To a Nightingale夜莺颂, and Hyperion许珀里翁)II ode（理解）（五）Walter Scott (1771-1832)I.statusHistorical novelist and poet popular throughout much of the world during his timeII Scott’s Works1. Poems①Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border《苏格兰边区歌谣集》1802 (he had collected among the Scottish people for many years.)②The Lay of the Last Minstrel《最末一个行吟诗人》③Marmion《玛密恩》1808④The Lady of the Lake《湖上夫人》18102. Historical Novelssubjects:from the Middle Ages to the 18th centuryhistory of ScotlandEnglish historyhistory of European countriesOf the Scottish history①Waverley 《威弗利》1814②Guy Mannering 《盖伊·曼纳令》1815③The Antiquary《古董家》1816④The Black Dwarf 《黑侏儒》1816⑤Old Morality 《修墓老人》1816⑥Rob Roy《罗布·罗伊》1817 the best of the group⑦The Heart of Midlothian 《密得洛西恩监狱》/《爱丁堡监狱》1818⑧The Bride of Lammermoor《沼地新娘》1819⑨A legend of Montrose 《蒙特罗斯传奇》1819⑩Red Gauntlet《雷德冈脱利特》1824⑾The Betrothed《约婚夫妇》1825⑿Talisman 《护身符》1825Of the English history①Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》/《撒克逊劫后英雄传/略》the English history of the end of the 12th century②The Monastery《修道院》1820③The Abbot《修道院长》/《女王越狱记》1820④Kenilworth, 《肯纳尔沃思堡》1821②③④describes the time of Mary Stuart and Queen Elizabeth⑤The Pirate 《海盗》1821⑥The Fortunes of Nigel, 《尼格尔的家产》1822⑦Peveril of the Peak 《贝弗利尔·皮克》1823⑤⑥⑦take place in 17th century Scotland and England⑧Woodstock 《皇家猎宫》1826The English RevolutionOf the European countries①Quentin Durward 《昆丁·达沃德》1823the best-known novel on French history.②Anne of Geierstein 《盖厄斯坦的安妮》1829③Count Robert of Paris《巴黎的罗伯特伯爵》1832III. historical novels①P86 L5-14②P 87 the last par.（六）Jane Austen (1775-1817)I. Novels1. Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》2. Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》18133. Northanger Abbey 《诺桑觉寺》18184. Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德花园》18145. Emma 《爱玛》18156. Persuasion 《劝告》1818II A writer of the 18th century（理解）III Main literary concern (themes) （理解）IV selected readingPride and Prejudice（人物情节）（七）Charles Lamb(1775-1834)I The rise of English essayThe first decades of the 18th and 19th centuries witnessed new births in the essay as a form in literature.①Addison and Steele socialized the essay②A means of intimate self expressionCharles LambWilliam Hazlitt (1778-1830) 威廉·哈兹里特Thomas De Quincy(1785-1859)托马斯·德·昆西Leigh Hunt（1784-1859）李·亨特II works•Tales from Shakespeare (1807)•Specimens of English Dramatic PoetsContemporary with Shakespeare (1808)•Essays of Elia (1823)•Last Essays of Elia (1833)PART VIII The (early) Victorian Age(1832-1968) Critical Realism in England I BackgroundI. The period①The Victorian reign (1837-1901)②A new era 1832—the Reform Bill1902—the end of Boer war(the Victorian roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria)Two divisions:a. Early Victorian period (1832-1868)(first 14 years – filled with unrest, alarm, and miserythe succeeding 22 years— the growing prosperity and general good feeling, “ the workshop of the world” )b. Late Victorian(1868-1902)II. literature1 Critical realismCharles Dickens (1812-1870) 狄更斯William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) 萨克雷Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) 夏洛特·勃朗特Emily Bronte (1818-1848) 艾米丽·勃朗特Mrs Gaskell (1810-1865)盖斯凯尔夫人Anthony Trollope (1815-1882)安东尼·特罗洛普George Eliot (1819-1880) 乔治·艾略特2. the chartist literature3. the poetsAlfred Tennyson (1809-1892)丁尼生Robert Browning (1812-1889) 布朗宁Charles Algernon Swinburne (1837-1909) 斯温伯恩Charles Dickens (1812-1870)I. the three greatest Victorian novelistsCharles DickensWilliams Makepeace ThackerayGeorge EliotII The Major Works of Charles DickensSketches by Boz (1836) 博兹特写集The Posthumous papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837) 匹克威克外传Oliver Twist (1837-1838) 雾都孤儿Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839) 尼古拉斯·尼克尔贝The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841) 老古玩店Barnaby Rudge 1841巴纳比·鲁奇A Christmas Carol (1843) 圣诞欢歌Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1845) 朱述尔维特Dombey and Son (1846-1848) 董贝父子David Copperfield( 1849-1850) 大卫·科波菲尔Bleak House (1852-1853) 荒凉山庄Hard Times (1854) 艰难时世Little Dorrit (1855-1857) 小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities (1859) 双城记Great Expectations (1860-1861) 远大前程Our Mutual Friend 我们共同的朋友III writing features1.Humor2. His character-portrayal3. Language4. a master story-tellerWilliam M Thackeray (1811-1863)I worksFrazer ①- ④①1837-38 The Yellowplush Correspondence②1839-40 Catherine③1841 The Great Hoggarty Diamond④1844 Barry Lyndon 巴利·林顿⑤Snob Papers ( in Punch) 1848 The Book of Snobs(a social satirist)⑥1847-1848 V anity Fair⑦1848-1850 Pendennis 潘丹尼斯⑧Henry Esmond : a historical novel⑨1855 The Rose and the Ring⑩1855 The Newcomes 纽卡莫一家⑪1855 The Four Georges ( a series of lectures on Kings George 1-IV and their times)12 1857-1859 The VirginiansCornhill Magazine 康西尔杂志13-1613. 1860 Lovel the Widower 鳏夫洛威尔14. 1861-1862 The Adventures of Philip15. 1864 Denis Duval 丹尼斯·杜瓦尔16. 1863 The Roundabout papers 转弯抹角的随笔II Masterpiece: V anity Fair1.Setting : Vanity Fair is set at the time of the Napoleonic wars.2.the title :from John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress3.subtitle : a novel without hero4.Characterization:Rebecca SharpAmelia5.Major plotGeorge Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)(1819-1880)Major works1.Translation:The Essence of Christianity《基督教的本质》2. Scenes of Clerical Life 《教区生活场景》1857Three stories:1) “The Sad Fortunes of the Reverend Amos Barton” “阿莫斯·巴顿牧师的不幸遭遇”2) “Mr. Gilfil’s Love Story” “吉尔菲尔先生的恋爱史”3) “Janet’s Repentance” “珍妮特的忏悔”3 Adam Bede《亚当·比德》18594.The Mill on the Floss 《弗洛斯河上的磨房》1859=18605. Silas Marner《织工马南》18616. Romola《罗慕拉》18637. Felix Holt the Radical1866《激进分子费立可斯·霍尔特》8. Middlemarch(1871—1872) 《米德尔马契》9. Daniel Deronda 1876 《丹尼尔·德龙达》II Writing features （理解）The Brontë SistersCharlotte Brontë (1816—1855)Emily Brontë (1818—1848)Anne Brontë (1820—1849)I WorksPoems by Culler, Ellis, and Acton Bell1846 a collection of poemsEmily:Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》Anne:①Agnes Grey《安格尼斯·格雷》②The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall《维尔德菲尔庄园的房客》①The Professor《教授》(based on her Brussels experience; not published until her death)②Jane Eyre《简爱》(masterpiece)③Shirley,《雪莉》1849④Villette,《维莱特》1853II Jane EyreIII. Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte①one of the great works of genius in English fiction②Emily drew equally on her own emotional, introverted nature and on the wild and mysterious moorland around for the story of Heathcliff.③the title: wuthering, a yorkshire dialect for “weathering”④the plotTwo families and an instruderThe Earnshaw family—Wuthering HeightsHindley (Hareton)Catherine (cathy)The Linton family—Thrushcross GrangeEdgarIsabellaThe instruder Heathcliff (Linton)Alfred, Lord Tennyson1809-1892I statusThe most representative, if not the greatest, Victorian poetII Major works①In Memoriam 1833-1850 悼念集131 short poemsA powerful expression of the poet’s philosophical and religious thoughts②Idylls of the king 1850-1855•12 books of narrative poems, based on the Celtic legend of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table• A modern interpretation of the classic mythIII Tennyson’s best-known short poems①Ulysses②Break, Break, BreakSadness over the loss of a dear friend, combiningnature and his inner world③Crossing the BarIV Writing features （理解）Robert BrowningI Dramatic monologueII His major works①Pauline②Paracelsus 1835 帕拉塞尔萨斯③Sordello 索尔戴洛④Pippa passes 比芭走过⑤Dramatic Lyrics 1842⑥Dramatic Romances 1845⑦Men and Women 1855⑧The Ring and the Book 1868-1869III Artistic features①The name of Browning is often associated with the term "dramatic monologue." Although it is not his invention, it is in his hands that this poetic form reaches its maturity and perfection.its maturity and perfection.②Browning's poetry is not easy to read. His rhythms are often too fast, too rough & unmusical③The syntax is usually clipped & highly compressed. The similes & illustrations appear too profusely. The allusions & implications are sometimes odd & far-fetched. All this makes up his obscurity.On the whole, Browning's style is very different from that of any other Victorian poets.His poetic style belongs to the 20th-century rather than to the Victorian age.IV Selected Reading:“My Last Duchess”Best example of dramatic monologuePart IX Twentieth Century Literature The transition from 19th to the 20th Century in English LiteratureBackground of history•Imperialism•Social reformLiterature①A period of struggle between realistic and anti-realist trendsRealistic writersGeorge Meredith（1828-1909）乔治·梅瑞迪斯Samuel Butler （1865-1902）萨缪尔·巴特勒Thomas Hardy (1840-1828) 托马斯·哈代George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) 乔治·巴纳德·萧Herbert George Wells(1866-1946) 赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯John Galsworthy 约翰·高尔斯华绥（1867-1833）Features:P 310 –p311 (5 paragraphs )Anti-realistic writersRobert Louis Stevenson 斯蒂文森(1850-1894)新浪漫主义Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德(1856-1890)唯美主义Joseph Rudyard Kipling 吉卜林(1865-1936)帝国主义诗人（the first English-language writer to receive the Nobel Prize)②ModernismBackground (philosophical ideas)(1)Karl Marx：scientific socialism(2)Darwin’s theory of evolutionThe Social Darwinism, “survival of the fittest”(3) Einstein’s theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space.(4)Freud’s analytical psychology(5) Arthur Schopenhauer, a pessimistic philosopher, started a rebellion against rationalism, stressing the importance of will and intuition.(6) Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality.(7) Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy, which put the emphasis on creation, intuition, irrationality and unconsciousness.Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)English poet and novelistThe Wessex Novelspessimism and sense of tragedy in human life.I His Major WorksHardy himself divided his novels into three groups:1) Novels of Character & Environment （性格与环境小说）2)Novels of Romances & Fantasies3)Novels of Ingenuity1) Novels of Character and EnvironmentUnder the Greenwood Tree(1872) 《绿荫下》Far from the Madding Crowd(1874) 《远离尘嚣》The Return of the Native (1878) 《还乡》The Trumpet Major（1880）《号兵长》The Mayor of Casterbridge(1886) 《卡斯特桥市长》The Woodlanders（1887）《林地人》Tess of the d'Urbervilles(1891) 《德伯家的苔丝》Jude the Obscure(1895) 《无名的裘德》II features①Past & Modern②Determinism③Critical realismIII Writing features①Hardy is not an analyst of human life or nature like George Eliot, but a meditative story-teller or romancer.②He tells very good stories about very interesting people but seldom stops to ask why.③He is a great painter of nature.④His heroes and heroines, those unfortunate young men and women in their desperate struggle for personal fulfillment and happiness, are all vividly and realistically depicted.⑤They all seem to possess a kind of exquisitely sensuous beauty.⑥And finally, all the works of Hardy are noted for the rustic dialect and a poetic flavor.⑦In style, Hardy is a traditionalist, although there are obvious traits of modernism in thematic matters.John Galsworthy 高尔斯华绥Major works①his first book，From the Four Winds（a volume of short stories）1897②The Forsyte Chroniclesthe first trilogy：The Forsyte SagaThe Man of Property (1906)In Chancery（1920）To Let（1921）the second trilogy: A Modern Comedy 1929the third : End of the Chapter1934③playsThe Silver Box (1906)Strife (1909)Justice (1910)Oscar Wilde•Irish poet, novelist, dramatist and essayist• A spokesman for Aestheticism (the school of “Art for Art’s sake”AestheticismWorks①The Picture of Dorian Gray (a novel) 1891道连·格雷的画像②Lady Windermere’s fan③A Woman of No Importance④An Ideal Husband⑤The Importance of Being Earnest(②- ⑤Comedies)⑥The Ballad of Reading Gaol《雷丁监狱之歌》1898 （poem)⑦De Profoundis 1905 《从深处》(prose)。
英国文学史期末总结复习重点
英国文学史Part one: Early and Medieval English LiteratureChapter 1 The Making of England1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons,a tribe of Gelts.2. In 55 ., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar.The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years.It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain.And in 410 ., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.3. The English ConquestAt the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates( 海盗). They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes.And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles.And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.4. The Social Condition of the Anglo-SaxonTherefore, the Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribalsociety to feudalism.5. Anglo-Saxon Religious Belief and Its InfluenceThe Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century.Chapter 2 Beowulf1. Anglo-Saxon PoetryBut there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf.3. Analysis of Its ContentBeowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century.4. Features of BeowulfThe most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements.Chapter 3 Feudal England1) The Norman Conquest2. The Norman ConquestThe French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England.The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.3. The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English LanguageBy the end of the fourteenth century, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech in the country.3) The Romance1. The Content of the RomanceThe most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance.4. Malory ’s Le Morte D ’ArthurThe adventures of the Knights of the Round Table at Arthur ’s courtChapter 5 The English Ballads2. The BalladsThe most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the secondand fourth lines rhymed.Of paramount importance are the ballads of Robin Hood.3. The Robin Hood BalladsChapter 6 Chaucer1. LifeGeoffrey Chaucer, the founder/father of English poetry.3. Troilus and CriseydeTroilus and Criseyde is Chaucer’s longest complete poem and his greatest artistic achievement.But the poet shows some sympathy for her, hitting that her fault springsfrom weakness rather than baseness of character.4. The Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales is Chaucer ’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.6. His LanguageChaucer’s language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact.Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact thathe introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especiallythe rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the “the heroic couplet ”)to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucerdid much in making dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.Part Two: The English RenaissanceChapter 1 Old England in Transition1. The New MonarchyThe century and a half following the death of Chaucer was full of great changes.And Henry 7, taking advantage of this situation, founded the Tudor dynasty,a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of therising bourgeoisie and so won its support.2. The ReformationProtestantismThe bloody religious persecution came to a stop after the church settlementof Queen Elizabeth.3. The English BibleWilliam TyndallThen appeared the Authorized Version, which was made in 1611 under the auspices of James I and so was sometimes called the King James Bible.The result is a monument of English language and English literature.The standard modern English has been fixed and confirmed.4. The Enclosure Movement5. The Commercial ExpansionChapter 2 More1. LifeThomas More2. UtopiaUtopia is More ’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversationbetween More and Hythlody, a returned voyager.The name “Utopia ”comes from two Greek words meaning “no place ”.3. Utopia , Book OneBook One of Utopia is a picture of contemporary England with forcibleexposure of the poverty among the laboring classes.4. Utopia , Book TwoIn Book Twowe have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean, where property is held in common and there is no poverty.Chapter 3 The Flowering of English Literature3. Edmund Spenser1) LifeThe Poet ’s Poet of the period was Edmund Spenser.In 1579 he wrote The Shepher’s Calendar, a pastoral poemin twelve books, one for each month of the year.2) The Faerie Queene (masterpiece)Spenser ’s greatest work, The Faerie Queene (published in 1589-1596), isa long poem planned in 12 books, of which he finished only 6.iambic feet Spenserian Stanza4. Francis Bacon (father/founder of English essay)the founder of English English materialist philosophyBacon is also famous for his Essays. When it included 58 essays.Bacon is the first English essayist.Chapter 4 Drama7. The PlaywrightsThere was a group of so-cal led “university wits ”(Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash).Chapter 5 Marlowe1. LifeThe most gifted of the “university wits ”was Christopher Marlowe.2. WorkMarlowe’s best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine , The Jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus.3. Doctor FaustusMarl owe’s masterpiece is The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.5. Marlowe ’s Literary AchievementMarlowe was the greatest of the pioneers of English drama.It is Marlowe who first made blank verse (rhymeless iambic pentameter)the principal instrument of English drama.Chapter 6 Shakespeare1. LifeWilliam Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon.After his death, two of his above-mentioned fellow-actors, Herminge and Condell, collected and published Shakespeare ’s plays in 1623. To this edition, which has been known as the First Folio.4. The Great ComediesA Midsummer Night ’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice , As You Like It and Twelfth Night have been called Shakespeare ’s “great comedies ”.6. The Great TragediesShakespeare created his great tragedies, Hamlet, Othello , King Lear and Macbeth.7. Hamletthe son of the Renaissance9. The Poems1) Venus and Adonis2) The Rape of Lucrece3) Shakespeare’s Sonnets10. Features of Shakespeare ’s DramaShakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance.Part Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois RevolutionChapter 1 The English Revolution and the Restoration5. The Bourgeois Dictatorship and the Restorationin 1688 Glorious Revolution6. The Religious Cloak of the English RevolutionPuritanism was the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisieduring the English Revolution. It preached thrift, sobriety, hard work and unceasing labour in whatever calling one happened to be, but with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labour.Chapter 2 Milton1. Life and WorkParadise Lost , Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.2. Paradise Lost1) Paradise LostParadise Lost is Milton ’s masterpiece.blank verse.Chapter 3 Bunyan1. LifeThe Pilgrim ’s Progress was published in 1678.2. The Pilgrim ’s Progress1) The Pilgrim ’s Progress is a religious allegory.Chapter 4 Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poetsa school of poets called “Metaphysical ”by S amuel Johnson.by mysticism in content and fantasticality in formJohn Donne, the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry.Chapter 6 Restoration Literature2. John DrydenThe most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration Period was John Dryden.Dryden was the forerunner of the English classical school of literaturein the next century.Part Four: The Eighteenth CenturyChapter 1 The Enlightenment and Classicism in English Literature1. The Enlightenment and 18th Century England2) The Enlightenment in EuropeThe 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movementin Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners foughtagainst class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.3) The English EnlighternersThe representatives of the Enlightenment in English literature were Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, the essayists, and Alexander Pope, the poet.Chapter 2 Addison and Steele1. Steele and The TatlerRichard SreeleIn 1709, he started a paper, The Tatler , to enlighten, as well as to entertain, his fellow coffeehouse-goers.His appeal was made to “coffeehouses, ”that is to say, to the middle classes, for whose enlightenment he stood up.“Issac Bickerstaff ”2. Addison and The SpectatorThe general purpose is “to enliven morality with wit, and to temper witwith morality. ”They ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.Chapter 3 Pope1. LifeAlexander Pope, the most important English poet in the first half of the18th century.3. Workmanship and LimitationPope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century.Pope is the most important representative of the English classical poery.But he lacker the lyrical gift.Chapter 4 Swift3. Bickersta f f Almanac (1708)Swift wrote his greatest work Gulliver ’s Travels in Ireland.Chapter 5 Defoe and the Rise of the English Novel1. The Rise of the English Novelthe realistic novel: Defoe, Swift, Richardson and FieldingSwift ’s world -famous novel Gulliver ’s Travel sDefoe’s Robinson Crusoe (the forerunner of the English realistic novel) Richardson: Pamela, Clarissa and Sir Charles GrandisonFielding was the real founder of the realistic novel in England.The novel of this period ⋯spoke the truth about life with an uncompromising courage. ”The novelists of this period understood that “the job of a novelist was to tell the truth about life as he saw it. ”(Ibid.)This explains the achievement of the English novel in the 18th century.4. Robinson Crusoe1) Today Defoe is chiefly remembered as the author of Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece.Chapter 6 RichardsonSamuel RichardsonPamela was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.After Pamela, Richardson wrote two other novels: Clarissa Harlowe and Sir Charles Grandison .Clarissa is the best of Richardson ’s novel.Chapter 7 Fielding (the father of English novel)1. LifeHis first novel Joseph Andrews was published in 1742.His Jonathan Wild appeared in 1743. It is a powerful political satire.In 1749, he finished his great novel Tom Jones.Amelia was his last novel. It is inferior to Tom Jones, but has meritsof its own.3. Joseph Andrews4. Tom Jones1) The StoryFielding ’s greatest work is The History of Tom Jones , a Foundling . 6. Summary2) Fielding as the Founder of the English Realistic NovelAs a novelist, Fielding is very great. He is the founder of the English realistic novel and sets up the theory of realism in literary creation.He has been rightly called the “father of t he English novel. ”Chapter 10 Johnson1. LifeSamuel Johnson, lexicographer, critic and poet.2. Johnson ’s DictionaryIn 1755 his Dictionary was published.His Dictionary also marked the end of English writers ’reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support.Chapter 13 Sentimentalism and Pre-Romanticism in Poetry1. LifeThomas Gray2. Pre-RomanticismIn the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival.Pre-Romanticism was ushered in by Percy, Macpherson and Chatterton, and represented by Blake and Burns.Chapter 14 Blake1. LifeWilliam Blake2. Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience4. Blake ’s Position in English LiteratureFor these reasons, Blake is called a Pre-Romantic or a forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century.Chapter 15 Burns1. LifeHis Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect were printed. (masterpiece)The Scots Musical Museum and Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs 2. The Poetry of Burns1) Burns is remembered mainly for his songs written in the Scottish dialecton a variety of subjects.3. Features of Burns ’PoetryBurns is the national poet of Scotland.Part Five: Romanticism in EnglandChapter 1 The Romantic Periodthe Industrial Revolution the French RevolutionAmid these social conflicts romanticism arose as a new literary trend.It prevailed in England during the period 1798-1832.These were the elder generation of romanticists, sometimes called escapist romanticists, including Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, who have alsobeen called the Lake Poets.Active romanticists represented by Byron, Shelley and Keats.The general feature of the works of the romanticists is a dissatisfactionwith the bourgeois society, which finds expression in a revolt against oran escape from the prosaic, sordid daily life, the “prison of the actual ”under capitalism.Poetry, of course, is the best medium to express all these sentiments.The only great novelist in this period was Walter Scott.Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism which followed it.Chapter 2 WordsworthColeridgeIn 1798 they jointly published the Lyrical Ballads .The publication of the Lyrical Ballads marked the break with theconventional poetical tradition of the 18th century, ., with classicism,and the beginning of Romantic revival in England.The Preface of the Lyrical Ballads served as the manifesto of the English Romantic Movement in poetry.Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey have often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets”because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern partof England.His deep love for nature runs through such short lyrics as Lines Writtenin Early Spring , To the Cuckoo, I WanderedLonely as a Cloud, My Heart LeapsUp, Intimations of Immortality and Lines Composeda FewMiles Above Tintern Abbey. The last is called his “lyrical hymn of thanks to nature ”.Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language.Chapter 3 Coleridge and Southey1. ColeridgeColeridge ’s best poems, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner .Chapter 4 Byron1. LifeChilde Harold ’s PilgrimageHe finished Childe Harold , wrote his masterpiece Don Juan.2. Childe Harold ’s PilgrimageThis long poem contains four cantos. It is written in the Soenserianstanza.3. Don JuanByron remains one of the most popular English poets both at home and abroad.Chapter 5 Shelley4. Promethus UnboundShelley ’s masterpiece is Promethus Unbound, a lyrical drama in 4 acts.6. Lyrics on Nature and LoveOde to the West WindChapter 6 Keats2. Long PoemsKeats wrote five long poems: Endymion, Isabella , The Eve of St. Agnes , Lamia and Hyperion .5) The unfinished long epic Hyperion has been regarded as Keat ’s greatest achievement in poetry.3. Short Poems1) His leading principle is: “Beauty in truth, truth in beauty. ”3) Ode to Autumn , Ode on Melancholy , Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a NightingaleChapter 10 Scott2. His Historical NovelsScott has been universally regarded as the founder and great master ofthe historical novel.According to the subjet-matter, the group on the history of Scotland, thegroup on English history and the group on the history of European countries.In fact, Scott ’s literary career marks the transition from romanticismto realism in English literature of the 19th century.Part Six: English Critical RealismChapter 2 DickensCharles Dickens critical realismDickens: Pickwick Papers , American Notes , Martin Chuzzlewit and Oliver Twist4) Dickens has often been compared Shakespeare for creative force and range of invention. “He and Shakespeare are the two unique popular classics that England has given to the world, and they are alike in being remembered notfor one masterpiece but for creative world. ”David CopperfieldChapter 3 Thackeray2. Vanity Fair : A Novel Without a HeroVanity Fair is Thackeray ’s masterpiece. characters: Amelia Sedley and Rebecca (Becky) SharpThackeray can be placed on the same level as Dickens, as one of the greatest critical realists of 19th-century Europe.Chapter 4 Some Women Novelists1. Jane Austen (1775-1817)She herself compared her work to a fine engraving madeupon a little pieceof ivory only two inches square.Jane Austen wrote 6 novels: Northanger Abbey, Sense and Sensibility , Pride and Prejudice , Mansfield Park , Emma and Persuasion.2. The Bronte SistersCharlotte ’s maiden attempt at prose writing, the novel Professor , was rejected by the publisher, but her next novel Jane Eyre, appearing in 1847, brought her fame and placed her in the ranks of the foremost English realistic writers. Emily ’s novel Wuthering Heights appeared in 1847.Anne: Agnes Grey4. George EliotMary Ann Evansthree remarkable novels: AdamBede, The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner 3) Silas Marner: Critical realism was the main current of English literaturein the middle of the 19th century.Part Seven: Prose-Writers and Poets of the Mid and Late 19th CenturyChapter 1 Carlylethe Victorian AgeChapter 3 Tennysonthe Victorian Age prose especially the novel1. Tennyson ’s Life and CareerAlfred Tennyson, the most important poet of the Victorian Age.In the same year (1850) he was appointed poet laureate in succession to Wordsworth.Chapter 7 Literary Trends at the End of the Century1. NaturalismNaturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Europe, especially in Franceand Germany, in the second half of the 19th century.2. Neo-RomanticismStevenson was a representative of neo-romanticism in English literature.Treasure Island (masterpiece)3. AestheticismAestheticism began to prevail in Europe at the middle of the 19th century.The theory of “art for art ’s sake ”was first put forward by the Frenchpoet Theophile Gautier.The two most important representatives of aestheticists in Englishliterature are Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde.2) Oscar Wilde dramatistLady Windermere’s Fan, 1893; A Woman of No Importance , 1894; An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest , 1895The Importance of Being Earnest is his masterpiece in drama.Part Eight: Twentieth Century English Literature(Modernism)Chapter 2 English Novel of Early 20th Century3. Henry JamesHe is regarded as the forerunner of the “stream of consciousness ”literature in the 20th century.Chapter 3 Hardy1. Life and WorkAmong his famous novels, Tess of the D’Urbervillies and Jude the Obscure.2. Tess of the D ’Urbervilliescharacters: Tess, Alec D ’Urbervillies and Angel ClareChapter 6 Bernard ShawChapter 8 Modernism in Poetry1. ImagismEzra PoundThe two most important English poets of the first half of 20th centuryare W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot.2. W. B. YeatsThe Wild Swans at Coole , Michael Robartes and the Dancer , The Tower and The Winding StairT. S. Eliot has referred to Yeats as “the greatest poet of ourage-certainly the greatest in this . English) language. ”3. T. S. EliotThe Waste Land (1922) is dignifying the emergence of Modernism.T. S. Eliot was a leader of the modernist movement in English poetry anda great innovator of verse technique. He profoundly influenced 20th-century English poetry between World Wars 1 and 2.Chapter 9 The Psychological Fiction1. D. H. LawrenceSons and Lovers (1913) , the first of Lawrence ’s important novel s, islargely autobiographical.This shows the influence of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, especiallythat of the “Oedipus complex. ”The Rainbow, Women in Love and Lady Chatterley ’s Lover3. James JoyceUlysses (1922)June 16, 1904character: Leopold BloomJames Joyce was one of the most original novelists of the 20th century.His masterpiece Ulysses has been called “a modern prose epic ”.His admirers have praised him as “second only to Shakespeare in hismastery of the English language. ”4. Virginia Woolf“high-brows ”the Bloomsbury GroupVirginia Wolf ’s first two novels, The Voyage Out and Night and Day .Jacob’s Room, Mrs. Dalloway , To the Lighthouse and Orlando PartNine: Poets and Novelists Who Wrote both before and after the Second WorldWarChapter 5 E. M. ForsterEdward Morgan Forster the Bloomsbury Groupfour novels: WhereAngels Fear to Tread, The Longest Journey, A Roomwitha View and Howards EndA Passage to India , published in 1924, is Forster ’s masterpiece . In 1927, Forster published a book on the theory of fiction, Aspects of the Novel .Chapter 10 William GoldingWilliam Gerald GoldingHis first novel Lord of the FliesChapter 11 Doris LessingGolden Notebook。
英国文学史知识点
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
英国文学史--最全总结中英
盎格鲁撒克逊时代426—1066盎格鲁诺曼时代1066—1350Chaucder乔叟时代 1350—1485莎士比亚时代1564—1636清教徒时代 Puritan 1636—1660古典主义时代 1660—1744约翰逊时代 1744—1785浪漫主义时代1786—1832维多利亚时代 1832—1900现代第一章Anglo-Saxon （426—1066）旧约：上帝创世纪新约：耶稣古英语诗歌分为的世俗的1.Beowulf 史诗（三千行的长诗，关于英雄战绩的故事）2.文字来源于日耳曼系3.基督教的文学：瑞特文的故事Caedmon第二章Angol-Norman（1066—1350）中世纪英语：基督教义，自我拯救1.传奇文学---传奇的兴起Romances1）容：传奇好像现在的长篇，有诗，有散文唯一的描写古代的高贵的英雄所经历的冒险生活和恋爱故事。
2）产生：传奇文学完全是由中世纪的“骑士制度”(Chivalry)所产生的，骑士制度的精神产物就是传奇文学所以他们和平民丝毫没有关系，且平民也绝写不出这一类的文字。
3）分类：不列颠的事迹 the matter of Britain法国的事迹罗马的事迹第三章：乔叟的时代（1350—1458）背景：百年战争（The Hundred’s War）1.Geoffrey Chaucer：文艺复兴以前，英国文学界最伟大的人物。
The Canterbury Tales1）三个阶段：第一时期--早年—模仿法国简短的情歌和寓言第二时期—研究意大利文艺的时期第三时期—在文学上成功的时期，为他自己以国文写作的时期2）．近代诗人英文作家中，第一个以浪漫作风写男女日常生活的人3）.特点：反对迫害，反对禁欲，文艺复兴的报春者a他在英语上发明音调b他把英国中部的日常言语加以修改，以告成英文与英国文学。
c完美的音律，倾向于音乐化d 创设接近社会生活的作品；眼光思想都很广阔；音乐的眼光第四章：民间文学1．歌谣的来源：歌德Geothe说：民歌的价值，全在直接从“自然“中得到它的原动力。
英国文学知识简单整理
一．古英语时期（Old English Literature 公元499—1066年）英国文学开山之作：头韵体诗歌（alliteration）《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）(该作属于epic民族英雄史诗)开德蒙（Caedmon）：《赞美诗》（Anthem）琴涅武甫（Cynewulf）：《十字架之梦》（Dream of the Rood）比德（Bede）：《英吉利人教会史》（Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum）阿尔弗雷德大帝（King Alfred）：《盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史》（Anglo-Saxon Chronicle），被誉为“英国散文之父”（Father of English Prose）二．中古英语时期（Medieval English Literature 公元1066年—15世纪）Romance (浪漫传奇) 《亚瑟王之死》头韵体诗歌：《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight）英国民谣ballad：《罗宾汉名谣集》（The Robin Hood Ballads）威廉·兰格伦（William Langland）：《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》（The Vision Concerning piers the Plowman）杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）：英国中世纪最伟大的诗人，享有“英国诗歌之父”的美誉（Father of English Poetry）。
代表作：八音节（octosyllabic）英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）诗歌《坎特布雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）.托马斯·马洛礼（Sir Thomas Malory）：英国15世纪优秀的散文家，代表作为《亚瑟王之死》（Le Morte d’Arthur）三．文艺复兴时期（Renaissance 15世纪末—17世纪）托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More）：伟大的人文主义者，代表作：《乌托邦》（Utopia），《国王爱德华五世悲戚的一生》（The painful Life of Edward Ⅴ）.托马斯·魏厄特（Thomas Wyatt）和亨利·霍华德（Henry Howard）的十四行诗（Sonnet）.前者将意大利十四行诗引入英国；后者在此基础上，发展了英国十四行诗歌。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读2-知识总结
以下为英国文学史第二册的知识点总结个别知识点会有错误或者遗漏请在复习的时候自主补充愿大家都能取得好成绩———VictoriaJPart V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s <Lyrical Ballads>, and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death. Wordsworth华兹华斯Coleridge 柯尔律治Southey 骚塞The Lake Poets1.William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）a leader of the romantic movement in England.①Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)It marked the beginning of the Romantic revival in England(1)This is a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Coleridge.(2)The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marks the beginning of the RomanticMovement in England.(3)It begins with Coleridge’s long poem “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”(“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”)and ends with Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey”(“丁登寺”).(4)Many of the subjects of these poems deal with elements of nature such as birds,daffodils and simple rural folk.(5)The majority of poems in this collection were written by Wordsworth.The poems in Lyrical Ballads are characterized by a sympathy with the poor, simple peasants, a passionate love of nature and the simplicity and purity of the language.(6) Some of the best poems in the collection are:“Lines Written in Early Spring”(“早春诗行”),“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”)“Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey” (“丁登寺”).②Lucy Poems 《露西组诗》③“I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” “独自漫游似浮云”=“The Daffodils”“水仙”Theme: 1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.④“The Solitary Reaper”“孤独的收割者”⑤The Prelude 《序曲》or Growth of a Poet’s Mind⑥The Excursion 《远足》《漫游》Wordsworth’s Principles of Poetry（feelings，commonplace things，the real language of man and deliberate simplicity，inner self, changed the ordinary speech of the language → return to nature.）2.George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~18241)Hours of Idleness 《闲暇时刻》《消闲时光》dealing with childish recollections andearly friendship, showing the influence of 18th century traditions。
英国文学史笔记学习资料
英国文学史简介英国文学史简介楼主一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485）英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。
故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。
公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。
盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。
《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。
这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。
因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。
二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初）相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。
文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。
托马斯·莫尔（Thomas more， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。
utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。
《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（the new Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（gulliver's travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（erewhon）一直延续到20世纪的科幻小说。
英国文学史复习资料
英国文学史复习资料英国文学史复习资料第一章：中世纪文学1.1 安格鲁-撒克逊时期（5世纪-1066年）- 口头传统和史诗：《贝奥武夫》- 基督教文学：《凡尔登战役》1.2 后征服时期（1066年-1485年）- 基督教文学：《格尔罗与黛斯蒙德》- 骑士文学：《亚瑟王传说》、《罗宾汉传》第二章：文艺复兴时期（1485年-1603年）2.1 草原学派- 约翰·斯克利- 托马斯·莫尔2.2 伊丽莎白时代- 威廉·莎士比亚：《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 - 克里斯托弗·马洛：《第一部十诫》第三章：17世纪文学3.1 评剧派- 本·琼生：《伊丽莎白时代断头台上的十一个人》- 约翰·福特：《佩里克尔斯·普林》3.2 枪炮派- 约翰·洛克：《论人类理解》- 托马斯·霍布斯：《利维坦》第四章：启蒙时代（18世纪）4.1 洛克主义- 亚当·斯密：《国富论》- 大卫·休谟：《人性的研究》4.2 唯理主义- 亚历山大·波佩：《怪异小说》- 理查德·斯蒂文森：《金银岛》第五章：浪漫主义（19世纪）5.1 威廉·华兹华斯：《抒情诗》5.2 柯勒律治：《唐吉诃德》第六章：维多利亚时代6.1 珍奥斯汀：《傲慢与偏见》6.2 狄更斯：《雾都孤儿》6.3 奥斯卡·王尔德：《道林·格雷的画像》第七章：现代主义（20世纪）7.1 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫：《至灵宴》7.2 乔治·奥威尔：《1984》7.3 约瑟夫·康拉德：《黑暗之心》第八章：后现代主义（20世纪末至今）8.1 萨尔曼·鲁西迪：《午夜的孩子》8.2 伊恩·麦克尤恩：《第二个苏格拉底》8.3 泽拉尔·纳西莫夫：《洛丽塔》总结：英国文学史涵盖了从中世纪到现代的丰富多样的文学作品。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读知识要点II
Part VII The Romantic Period (1798-1832) Romanticism in EnglandI. background1.The French Revolution（1789-1799）2. The Industrial RevolutionII romanticism1. definition and characteristics （理解）2. The period: 1798-1832Beginning with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads (1798), ending with Walter Scott’s death(1832)3. The representative poetsWilliam Wordsworth（1770-1850）威廉·华兹华斯S.T. Coleridge （1772-1834）S.T.柯勒律治Robert Southey （1774-1843）罗伯特·骚塞George Gordon, Lord Byron （1788-1824）乔治·戈登·拜伦Percy Bysshe Shelley（1792-1822）珀西·比希·雪莱John Keats（1795-1821）约翰·济慈4. The prose writersWalter Scott (1771-1832): historical novelist 沃尔特·司各特James Austen (1775-1817) : novelist 简·奥斯丁Charles Lamb (1775-1834): essayist 查尔斯·兰姆5. Literary formsThe age of Wordsworth –like the age of Shakespeare - was decidedly an age of poetry. There was also a noteworthy development of the novel which was already beginning to establish itself as the favorite literary form of nineteenth century.The drama was the only literary form that was not adequately represented.（一）William Wordsworth(1770-1850)I status①the leading figure of the English romantic poetry②He has started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self.③using the ordinary speech and advocating a return to nature.II works1. Subjects:①Poems about nature②Poems about human life2. WorksLines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey (1798) 《廷腾寺》The Prelude (1805-1806) 《序曲》The Excursion (1814) 《远足》Sonnets3. selected readingTintern AbbeyShe Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways 她住在人迹罕见的路边I Traveled Among Unknown Men 我曾在异乡漫游I wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我像一朵孤独的浮云The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女（二）George Gordon, Lord Byron(1788-1824)I. Literary Works①Hours of Idleness《闲暇时刻》《消闲时光》②The English Bards and Scott Reviewers《英国诗人和苏格兰评论家》③Child Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》Canto I,II(1812)Canto III (1816)Canto Iv (1818)④Oriental Tales⑤Manfred 《曼弗雷德》a poetical drama（诗剧）⑥Cain 《该隐》a poetical drama⑦Don Juan《唐璜》II Selected Reading1.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰尔德·哈罗德游记2.Don Juan 唐璜(The Isles of Greece 哀希腊)3. When We Two Parted 当我俩分别的时候4. She Walks in Beauty 她早在美的光影里5. Sonnet on Chillon 夏兰（瑞士一古堡）的囚徒III Byronic Hero （理解）（三）Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)The worksTwo narratives①Queen Mab 麦布女王1813②The Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛1818 Lyrics③Ode to the West Wind 西风颂1819④To a Skylark 云雀颂1820⑤The Cloud 云1820⑥Adonais 阿多尼an elegy for John KeatsPoetic drama⑦Prometheus Unbound 解放的普罗米修斯1819⑧The Cenci 钦契一家The major prose essay ⑨A Defence of Poetry诗辩1822（四）John Keats (1795-1821)I works①a sonnetOn First Looking into Chapman’s Homer 1817初读查浦曼译之荷马②a long narrative poemEndymion 1818 恩底弥翁③a volume of verseLamia , Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems 1820拉米亚、伊莎贝拉、圣安格尼斯节前夜和其它的诗( four great odes –On Melancholy忧郁颂, On a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂, To Psyche精神颂, To a Nightingale夜莺颂, and Hyperion许珀里翁)II ode（理解）（五）Walter Scott (1771-1832)I.statusHistorical novelist and poet popular throughout much of the world during his timeII Scott’s Works1. Poems①Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border《苏格兰边区歌谣集》1802 (he had collected among the Scottish people for many years.)②The Lay of the Last Minstrel《最末一个行吟诗人》③Marmion《玛密恩》1808④The Lady of the Lake《湖上夫人》18102. Historical Novelssubjects:from the Middle Ages to the 18th centuryhistory of ScotlandEnglish historyhistory of European countriesOf the Scottish history①Waverley 《威弗利》1814②Guy Mannering 《盖伊·曼纳令》1815③The Antiquary《古董家》1816④The Black Dwarf 《黑侏儒》1816⑤Old Morality 《修墓老人》1816⑥Rob Roy《罗布·罗伊》1817 the best of the group⑦The Heart of Midlothian 《密得洛西恩监狱》/《爱丁堡监狱》1818⑧The Bride of Lammermoor《沼地新娘》1819⑨A legend of Montrose 《蒙特罗斯传奇》1819⑩Red Gauntlet《雷德冈脱利特》1824⑾The Betrothed《约婚夫妇》1825⑿Talisman 《护身符》1825Of the English history①Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》/《撒克逊劫后英雄传/略》the English history of the end of the 12th century②The Monastery《修道院》1820③The Abbot《修道院长》/《女王越狱记》1820④Kenilworth, 《肯纳尔沃思堡》1821②③④describes the time of Mary Stuart and Queen Elizabeth⑤The Pirate 《海盗》1821⑥The Fortunes of Nigel, 《尼格尔的家产》1822⑦Peveril of the Peak 《贝弗利尔·皮克》1823⑤⑥⑦take place in 17th century Scotland and England⑧Woodstock 《皇家猎宫》1826The English RevolutionOf the European countries①Quentin Durward 《昆丁·达沃德》1823the best-known novel on French history.②Anne of Geierstein 《盖厄斯坦的安妮》1829③Count Robert of Paris《巴黎的罗伯特伯爵》1832III. historical novels①P86 L5-14②P 87 the last par.（六）Jane Austen (1775-1817)I. Novels1. Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》2. Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》18133. Northanger Abbey 《诺桑觉寺》18184. Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德花园》18145. Emma 《爱玛》18156. Persuasion 《劝告》1818II A writer of the 18th century（理解）III Main literary concern (themes) （理解）IV selected readingPride and Prejudice（人物情节）（七）Charles Lamb(1775-1834)I The rise of English essayThe first decades of the 18th and 19th centuries witnessed new births in the essay as a form in literature.①Addison and Steele socialized the essay②A means of intimate self expressionCharles LambWilliam Hazlitt (1778-1830) 威廉·哈兹里特Thomas De Quincy(1785-1859)托马斯·德·昆西Leigh Hunt（1784-1859）李·亨特II works•Tales from Shakespeare (1807)•Specimens of English Dramatic PoetsContemporary with Shakespeare (1808)•Essays of Elia (1823)•Last Essays of Elia (1833)PART VIII The (early) Victorian Age(1832-1968) Critical Realism in England I BackgroundI. The period①The Victorian reign (1837-1901)②A new era 1832—the Reform Bill1902—the end of Boer war(the Victorian roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria)Two divisions:a. Early Victorian period (1832-1868)(first 14 years – filled with unrest, alarm, and miserythe succeeding 22 years— the growing prosperity and general good feeling, “ the workshop of the world” )b. Late Victorian(1868-1902)II. literature1 Critical realismCharles Dickens (1812-1870) 狄更斯William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) 萨克雷Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) 夏洛特·勃朗特Emily Bronte (1818-1848) 艾米丽·勃朗特Mrs Gaskell (1810-1865)盖斯凯尔夫人Anthony Trollope (1815-1882)安东尼·特罗洛普George Eliot (1819-1880) 乔治·艾略特2. the chartist literature3. the poetsAlfred Tennyson (1809-1892)丁尼生Robert Browning (1812-1889) 布朗宁Charles Algernon Swinburne (1837-1909) 斯温伯恩Charles Dickens (1812-1870)I. the three greatest Victorian novelistsCharles DickensWilliams Makepeace ThackerayGeorge EliotII The Major Works of Charles DickensSketches by Boz (1836) 博兹特写集The Posthumous papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837) 匹克威克外传Oliver Twist (1837-1838) 雾都孤儿Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839) 尼古拉斯·尼克尔贝The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841) 老古玩店Barnaby Rudge 1841巴纳比·鲁奇A Christmas Carol (1843) 圣诞欢歌Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1845) 朱述尔维特Dombey and Son (1846-1848) 董贝父子David Copperfield( 1849-1850) 大卫·科波菲尔Bleak House (1852-1853) 荒凉山庄Hard Times (1854) 艰难时世Little Dorrit (1855-1857) 小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities (1859) 双城记Great Expectations (1860-1861) 远大前程Our Mutual Friend 我们共同的朋友III writing features1.Humor2. His character-portrayal3. Language4. a master story-tellerWilliam M Thackeray (1811-1863)I worksFrazer ①- ④①1837-38 The Yellowplush Correspondence②1839-40 Catherine③1841 The Great Hoggarty Diamond④1844 Barry Lyndon 巴利·林顿⑤Snob Papers ( in Punch) 1848 The Book of Snobs(a social satirist)⑥1847-1848 V anity Fair⑦1848-1850 Pendennis 潘丹尼斯⑧Henry Esmond : a historical novel⑨1855 The Rose and the Ring⑩1855 The Newcomes 纽卡莫一家⑪1855 The Four Georges ( a series of lectures on Kings George 1-IV and their times)12 1857-1859 The VirginiansCornhill Magazine 康西尔杂志13-1613. 1860 Lovel the Widower 鳏夫洛威尔14. 1861-1862 The Adventures of Philip15. 1864 Denis Duval 丹尼斯·杜瓦尔16. 1863 The Roundabout papers 转弯抹角的随笔II Masterpiece: V anity Fair1.Setting : Vanity Fair is set at the time of the Napoleonic wars.2.the title :from John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress3.subtitle : a novel without hero4.Characterization:Rebecca SharpAmelia5.Major plotGeorge Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)(1819-1880)Major works1.Translation:The Essence of Christianity《基督教的本质》2. Scenes of Clerical Life 《教区生活场景》1857Three stories:1) “The Sad Fortunes of the Reverend Amos Barton” “阿莫斯·巴顿牧师的不幸遭遇”2) “Mr. Gilfil’s Love Story” “吉尔菲尔先生的恋爱史”3) “Janet’s Repentance” “珍妮特的忏悔”3 Adam Bede《亚当·比德》18594.The Mill on the Floss 《弗洛斯河上的磨房》1859=18605. Silas Marner《织工马南》18616. Romola《罗慕拉》18637. Felix Holt the Radical1866《激进分子费立可斯·霍尔特》8. Middlemarch(1871—1872) 《米德尔马契》9. Daniel Deronda 1876 《丹尼尔·德龙达》II Writing features （理解）The Brontë SistersCharlotte Brontë (1816—1855)Emily Brontë (1818—1848)Anne Brontë (1820—1849)I WorksPoems by Culler, Ellis, and Acton Bell1846 a collection of poemsEmily:Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》Anne:①Agnes Grey《安格尼斯·格雷》②The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall《维尔德菲尔庄园的房客》①The Professor《教授》(based on her Brussels experience; not published until her death)②Jane Eyre《简爱》(masterpiece)③Shirley,《雪莉》1849④Villette,《维莱特》1853II Jane EyreIII. Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte①one of the great works of genius in English fiction②Emily drew equally on her own emotional, introverted nature and on the wild and mysterious moorland around for the story of Heathcliff.③the title: wuthering, a yorkshire dialect for “weathering”④the plotTwo families and an instruderThe Earnshaw family—Wuthering HeightsHindley (Hareton)Catherine (cathy)The Linton family—Thrushcross GrangeEdgarIsabellaThe instruder Heathcliff (Linton)Alfred, Lord Tennyson1809-1892I statusThe most representative, if not the greatest, Victorian poetII Major works①In Memoriam 1833-1850 悼念集131 short poemsA powerful expression of the poet’s philosophical and religious thoughts②Idylls of the king 1850-1855•12 books of narrative poems, based on the Celtic legend of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table• A modern interpretation of the classic mythIII Tennyson’s best-known short poems①Ulysses②Break, Break, BreakSadness over the loss of a dear friend, combiningnature and his inner world③Crossing the BarIV Writing features （理解）Robert BrowningI Dramatic monologueII His major works①Pauline②Paracelsus 1835 帕拉塞尔萨斯③Sordello 索尔戴洛④Pippa passes 比芭走过⑤Dramatic Lyrics 1842⑥Dramatic Romances 1845⑦Men and Women 1855⑧The Ring and the Book 1868-1869III Artistic features①The name of Browning is often associated with the term "dramatic monologue." Although it is not his invention, it is in his hands that this poetic form reaches its maturity and perfection.its maturity and perfection.②Browning's poetry is not easy to read. His rhythms are often too fast, too rough & unmusical③The syntax is usually clipped & highly compressed. The similes & illustrations appear too profusely. The allusions & implications are sometimes odd & far-fetched. All this makes up his obscurity.On the whole, Browning's style is very different from that of any other Victorian poets.His poetic style belongs to the 20th-century rather than to the Victorian age.IV Selected Reading:“My Last Duchess”Best example of dramatic monologuePart IX Twentieth Century Literature The transition from 19th to the 20th Century in English LiteratureBackground of history•Imperialism•Social reformLiterature①A period of struggle between realistic and anti-realist trendsRealistic writersGeorge Meredith（1828-1909）乔治·梅瑞迪斯Samuel Butler （1865-1902）萨缪尔·巴特勒Thomas Hardy (1840-1828) 托马斯·哈代George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) 乔治·巴纳德·萧Herbert George Wells(1866-1946) 赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯John Galsworthy 约翰·高尔斯华绥（1867-1833）Features:P 310 –p311 (5 paragraphs )Anti-realistic writersRobert Louis Stevenson 斯蒂文森(1850-1894)新浪漫主义Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德(1856-1890)唯美主义Joseph Rudyard Kipling 吉卜林(1865-1936)帝国主义诗人（the first English-language writer to receive the Nobel Prize)②ModernismBackground (philosophical ideas)(1)Karl Marx：scientific socialism(2)Darwin’s theory of evolutionThe Social Darwinism, “survival of the fittest”(3) Einstein’s theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space.(4)Freud’s analytical psychology(5) Arthur Schopenhauer, a pessimistic philosopher, started a rebellion against rationalism, stressing the importance of will and intuition.(6) Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality.(7) Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy, which put the emphasis on creation, intuition, irrationality and unconsciousness.Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)English poet and novelistThe Wessex Novelspessimism and sense of tragedy in human life.I His Major WorksHardy himself divided his novels into three groups:1) Novels of Character & Environment （性格与环境小说）2)Novels of Romances & Fantasies3)Novels of Ingenuity1) Novels of Character and EnvironmentUnder the Greenwood Tree(1872) 《绿荫下》Far from the Madding Crowd(1874) 《远离尘嚣》The Return of the Native (1878) 《还乡》The Trumpet Major（1880）《号兵长》The Mayor of Casterbridge(1886) 《卡斯特桥市长》The Woodlanders（1887）《林地人》Tess of the d'Urbervilles(1891) 《德伯家的苔丝》Jude the Obscure(1895) 《无名的裘德》II features①Past & Modern②Determinism③Critical realismIII Writing features①Hardy is not an analyst of human life or nature like George Eliot, but a meditative story-teller or romancer.②He tells very good stories about very interesting people but seldom stops to ask why.③He is a great painter of nature.④His heroes and heroines, those unfortunate young men and women in their desperate struggle for personal fulfillment and happiness, are all vividly and realistically depicted.⑤They all seem to possess a kind of exquisitely sensuous beauty.⑥And finally, all the works of Hardy are noted for the rustic dialect and a poetic flavor.⑦In style, Hardy is a traditionalist, although there are obvious traits of modernism in thematic matters.John Galsworthy 高尔斯华绥Major works①his first book，From the Four Winds（a volume of short stories）1897②The Forsyte Chroniclesthe first trilogy：The Forsyte SagaThe Man of Property (1906)In Chancery（1920）To Let（1921）the second trilogy: A Modern Comedy 1929the third : End of the Chapter1934③playsThe Silver Box (1906)Strife (1909)Justice (1910)Oscar Wilde•Irish poet, novelist, dramatist and essayist• A spokesman for Aestheticism (the school of “Art for Art’s sake”AestheticismWorks①The Picture of Dorian Gray (a novel) 1891道连·格雷的画像②Lady Windermere’s fan③A Woman of No Importance④An Ideal Husband⑤The Importance of Being Earnest(②- ⑤Comedies)⑥The Ballad of Reading Gaol《雷丁监狱之歌》1898 （poem)⑦De Profoundis 1905 《从深处》(prose)。
英国文学史第一章知识点
英国文学史第一章知识点一.English literature:poetry诗歌、Novel小说、Drama戏剧and Essay散文。
a)中世纪：the English Medieval Age：the old English Literature 古英语时期the Middle English Literature 中古英语时期Anglo-Saxon ages 央格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》，别认为是英国的民族史诗。
The good specimens标本of pagan异教poetry 诗歌are Beowulf,the greatest of Germanic epics日耳曼史诗. 讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔，与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。
national epic 民族史诗of the English people/of theAnglo-Saxons; Denmark story; alliteration 头韵体, A lot of metaphors 隐喻and understatements保守的陈述are used in the poem.Epic:long narrative poems叙事诗thatrecord the adventures orheroic deeds of a hero enacted制定in vast landscapes风景.The style of epic is grand宏伟的and elevated严肃的.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:The epic presents an all-round picture of the tribal society史诗提出了一种全面的图像部落的社会。
.We can see the social conditions and customs of that period我们可以看到那个时期的社会条件和习俗。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读复习资料整理(word文档良心出品)
Old English Period— Anglo-Saxon Period(450-1066)1.The History•From 55 BC to 410 AD, the Romans conquered the land and transplanted its civilization.2.The LiteratureTwo divisions:Pagan & ChristianPaganThe Seafarer水手; The Fight at Finnisburg芬尼斯郡之战; The Wanderer流浪者; Waldhere瓦登希尔;The Battle of Maldom马尔登战役Widsith(威德西斯); The complaint of Deor迪奥的抱怨•The wife’s Lament妻子的哀歌; Ruin毁灭are good examples.Beowulf, England’s national epic.Writing featuresnot a Christian but a pagan poem of all advanced pagan civilization,The use of the strong stress and the predominance of consonants are very notable in this poem. Each line is divided into two halves, and each half has two heavy stressesThe use of alliteration is another notable feature and makes the stresses more emphatic. There are a lot of metaphors and understatements in this poemAnglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)The literature•The Growth of the Arthurian Legends•The legends of King Arthur and his knights had existed as an oral tradition since the time of the Celts.The 17th CenturyA Brief Introduction of the 17th century⏹The contradictions between the feudal system and bourgeoisie⏹James I：1603-1625 political and religious tyranny⏹Charles I: 1625-1649⏹Oliver Cromwell : commonwealth protector: 1653-1658⏹Charles II: 1660-1688 the Restoration⏹James II：1685-1688⏹William of Oranges: 1688-1702 “Glorious Revolution”⏹The Bill of Rights 权利法案：1689John Donne代表作：The FleaMetaphysical PoetryHoly Sonnet 10SongA Valediction:Forbidding Mourning 别离辞：节哀John Milton⏹the early phase of reading and lyric writing⏹the middle phase of service in the Puritan Revolution and the pamphleteering for it⏹the last --- the greatest --- phase of epic writingParadise Lost--- the great epicParadise Regained；Samson AgonistesJohn BunyanThe Pilgrim’s Progress（essay）The 18th-century LiteratureThe Rise of English NovelsThe historical backgroundComparing with the 17th century, the 18th century is a period for peaceful development.The constitutional monarchy has been set up by parliament in 1688.England grew from a second rate country to a powerful naval country in this century.With the ascent of the bourgeoisie cultural life had undergone remarkable changes.The rise of the English novel.代表作：Daniel Defoe Robinson CrusoeJonathan SwiftThe Battle of the Books; 《书籍之战》The Tale of a Tub; 《一只桶的故事》The Drapier’s Letter; 《布商来信》A Modest Proposal; 《一个温和的建议》Journal to Stella; 《给斯黛拉的日记》Gulliver’s Travel. 《格列夫游记》Satirical features⏹Swift offered an opportunity of self-scrutiny.（自我审视）⏹The Lilliputians （小人国居民）and their institutions were all about people and theirinstitutions of England.⏹The Brobdingnagians were incredible Utopians.⏹The scientists and philosophers represented the extremes of futile theorizing andspeculations in all areas of activity such as science, politics, and economics with their instinct-killing tendencies.⏹The picture of the Yahoos made a clear statement about man and his nature.Henry FieldingTom JohnsonSocial significanceThe writer shows his strong hatred for all the hypocrisy and treachery in the society of his age and his sympathy for the courageous young rebels in their righteous struggleThe 18th-century Literature (II)The Age of Enlightenment in EnglandThe rapid development of social life•On the economic scene, the country became increasingly affluent.•On the political scene, a fragile of balance between the monarch and the middle class existed.•On the religious scene, deism came into existence代表Thomas GrayElegy Written in a Country Churchyard● a masterpiece of lyric●Theme: a sentimental meditation upon life and death, esp. of the common rural people,whose life, though simple and crude, has been full of real happiness and meaning●Poetic pattern: quatrains of iambic pentameter lines rhyming ABAB●Mood: melancholy, calm, meditative●Style: neoclassic---vivid visual painting,---musical/rhythmic,---controlled and restrained,---polished languageSection 1 It sets the scene for the poet’s visit to the churchyard. It is enveloped in gloom and grief, which is archetypal of graveyard, poets’fascination with night, graves, and death. The tone is echoed by the last part of the poem●Section 2 It tells about the people entombed there and recalls their life experiences. Whenthe “rude forefathers of the hamlet”lived. They got up early at the twittering of swallows, or a rooster’s wake-up call or a hunter’s horn, enjoyed family bliss with wife and kids in the evening, or were happily busy with farm work in the fields, but now that they lie in their “narrow cells”, their “useful toil”and “homely joys”happen no more. The tone is one of melancholy and regret for the dead.●Section 3 It warns the rich and powerful not to despise the poor since all are equal in faceof death and the grave levels off all distinction. All nobility, power, and wealth “await alike”the inevitable end and “the paths of glory lead but to the grave”. Nothing could●ever bring anything back to life.Section 4●It expresses, on the one hand, the poet’s regret that their life had not been congenial tothe growth and full play of the poor farmers’native gifts and talents and, on the other, his feeling of “a blessing in disguise”for them in the sense that, because they did not commit any crimes to humankind nor have to play the obsequious social climber against one’s integrity.Section 5●It asserts the notion that, even though they lived a less eventful life, there is no reason toforget these farmers.Section 6●It portrays the scenario that the poet envisions would happen after his own death. Avillager would say of him: he got up early to go uphill to the lawn and lay there meditating under the tree until noon. He would wander in the wood, smiling at one moment, muttering to himself at the next, sad and pale, like one “in hopeless love”. Then for a couple of days he did not show up, and on the third day he was buried in the churchyard.Section 7●As he shows sympathy for the poor, he gains the friendship of man and God. He asks thepassers-by not to get to know any more about his merits and weaknesses as he waits in his grave for God’s judgment.●The poem touches the readers to the quick with its notable sadnessOliver Goldsmith’s《The Vicar of Wakefield》•Pre-Romantic Poems (I)William BlakeThe Songs of Experience；THE LAMB；The Tyger；The Sick RoseRobert Burns⏹1) Political poems --- The Tree of Liberty;⏹2) Satirical poems --- Holy Willie’s Prayer, Two Dogs⏹3) Lyrics --- My Heart’s in the Highlands, A Red, Red Rose, Auld Lang SyneBurns’s position and his features⏹ A great Scottish peasant poet; a national poet of Scotland⏹Numerous are Burns’s songs of love and friendship.⏹His great success was largely due to his comprehensive knowledge and excellent masteryof the old song traditions.⏹His poetry have a musical quality that helps to perpetuate the sentimentBurns ushered a tendency that prevailed during the high time of RomanticismThe Romantic Period (I)⏹“The Lakers”：湖畔诗人William WordsworthSamuel ColeridgeRobert Southey•William Wordsworth•Lyrical Ballads；Lines Written in Early Spring；To the Cuckoo ；The Daffodils I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud；My Heart Leaps Up；Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern AbbeyComments on WordsworthWordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by simplicity and purity of his language which was spoken by the peasants who convey their feelings and emotions in simple and unelaborated expressions.•George Gordon Byron•Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage；Don Juan•What is Byronic hero?•Byron’s chief contribution to English poetry.•Such a hero is a proud, rebellious figure of noble origin. Passionate and powerful, he is right to all the wrongs in a corrupted society, and he would fight single--handedly against all the misdoings.•Thus this figure is a rebellious individual against outworn social systems and conventions •Byronic heroes•heroic of noble birth•passionate•rebellious•individual•Summery•This is a love poem about a beautiful woman and all of her features. Throughout the poem, Byron explains the depth of this woman’s beauty. Even in the darkness of death and mourning, her beauty shines through. Her innocence shows her pureness in heart and in love. The two forces involved in Byron’s poems are darkness and light --- at work in the woman’s beauty and also the two areas of her beauty --- the internal and the external •The theme•This poem shows that mourning does not necessarily imply melancholy or extreme sadness.•Rhetorics•Byron uses many antonyms to describe this woman --- face, eye, hair, cheek, brow, etc. to portray a perfect balance within her.•He often uses opposites like darkness and light to create this balance.• A simile was shown in line one which stated: “She walks in beauty, like the night”, which is also the basis of the poem.•Rhyme and meter•The poem follows a basic iambic tetrameter, with an “ababab cdcdcd efefef” rhyme. •Percy Bysshe Shelley•Comments on Shelley• 1. Shelley is one of the first poets in Europe who sang for the working people. His political lyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of European romantic poetry. And he is also one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.• 2. Shelley loved the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters. He called on the people to overthrow the rule of tyranny and injustice and prophesied a happy and free life for mankind.• 3. One of the first poets in Europe who sang for the working people. His political lyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of European romantic poetry.❖ 4. He stood for this social and political ideal all his life.❖ 5. He and Byron are justifiably (justly, rightly) regarded as the two great poets of the revolutionary romanticism in England.❖ 6. Byron, his best friend, said of Shelley “the best and least selfish man I ever knew”.❖7. Wordsworth said, “Shelley is one of the best artists of us all”.❖Ode to the West Wind❖Stanza 1❖It describes the power of the west wind and its double role as both destroyer(ll.2-5) and preserver(ll.6-12).❖Line 14 sums up the wind’s two basic characteristics, which also constitute the thematic focus of the poem❖Stanza 2❖I t focuses on the adumbration of the wind’s power driving clouds before it and bringing storms with it (ll.15-23) with lightning, rain, fire and hail (ll. 23-28).❖It also describes its destructive aspect of “closing night” enveloping all under its dome ofa vast tomb (ll. 24-25).❖Stanza 3❖It talks about the wind’s impact upon the sea, its first touching on the calm of the Mediterranean (ll. 29-36), and then on the turbulence of the Atlantic (ll.36-42).❖The Mediterranean sleeps in serenity in the summer but is waken up by the wind to see the quivering of the shadows of ancient palaces and towers (ll. 29-35) and the Atlantic cleaving asunder into gigantic chasms (ll. 35-38).❖Even the vegetation at the bottom of the sea “grow gray with fear./tremble and despo il themselves”.❖Stanza 4❖It expresses the poet’s emotional response to the west wind.❖The poet says to the wind (ll.43-47) that he wishes to be spirited away like the leaves, to dance like the clouds, to breathe like the waves, and enjoy a share of the win d’s strength like the storm though with a lesser degree of freedom of movement.❖The poet takes a nostalgic backward glance at his free, uncontrollable boyhood when he could fly like a swift could like the wind, and even outstrip it in speed (ll.47-51), and wishes for the wind to lift him up like a leaf or wave or a cloud (l. 54). But it is only a figment of his imagination.❖He has to face “the horns of life” that he has fallen upon, chained and weighed down, and no longer “tameless, swift, and proud” like the wind (ll.54-56).❖Stanza 5⏹It expresses both the poet’s request for the wind to help spread the words of his poem“among mankind” and wake it up from its deep stupor (ll. 66-69) and his prophecy that spring will come in the wake of winter (ll.69-70).⏹The poem ends upon a note of confidence and hope.⏹John Keats one of the greatest English poets and a major figure in the Romanticmovement⏹Ode on a Grecian Urn The Eve of St. Agnes To a NightingaleWalter Scott He is the creator and a great master of the historical novelJane AustenPride and Prejudice；Sense and Sensibility；Mansfield Park；Emma；Northanger Abbey；PersuasionCritical Realism Victorian PeriodFeatures of Dickens’s novels♦Charles Dickens’s novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. They reflect the protest of the people against capitalist exploitation; criticize the vices of capitalist society.Charles Dickens is a petty bourgeois intellectual. He could not overstep the limits of his class. He believed in the moral self-perfection of the wicked propertied classes. He failed to see the necessity of a bitter struggle of the oppressed against their oppressors. There is a definite tendency for a reconciliation of the contradictions of capitalist society♦Charles Dickens is a great humorist. His novels are full of humor and laughter and tell much of the experiences of his childhood. Almost all his novels have happy endings.The story of some major novels♦Oliver Twist♦David Copperfield♦Great Expectation♦ A Tale of Two CitiesWilliam Makepeace ThackerayVanity Fair•The Brontë sisters•Charlotte•Jane eyre (1847)•Shirley (1849)•Villette (1853)•The professor (1857)•Emily•Wuthering Heights (1847)•Anne•Agnes Grey (1847)•The tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) 《怀德菲尔庄园的房客》Alfred Lord Tennyson•the poet laureate after the death of Wordsworth in 1850•The Princes (1847),•In Memoriam (1850),•Maud (1855),•Enoch Arden (1864),•The Idylls of the King (1869-1872) Break, Break, Break ；Ulysses；Crossing the Bar Robert BrowningMy Last Duchess a dramatic monologueThe transition from 19th to 20th century in English literatureThomas Hardy◆Under the Greenwood Tree◆Far from the Madding Crowd◆The Return of the Native◆The Mayor of Casterbridge◆Tess of the D’Urbervilles◆Jude the ObscureOscar Wilde♦The Picture of Dorian Gray♦Lady Windermere’s Fan♦ A Woman of No Importance♦An Ideal Husband♦The Importance of Being Earnest♦Salome♦The Happy Prince and Other TalesGeorge Bernard Shaw♦ a prolific writer;♦winning Nobel Prize in 1925Mrs. Warren’s professionD. H. Lawrence•Novels•Sons and Lovers•The Rainbow•Women in Love•Lady Chatterley's Lover•Novellas•St Mawr•The Virgin and the Gypsy•The Escaped Cock“stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物：1)、Virginia Woolf 《Mrs. Dalloway》《A Room of One’s Own》 Woolf was much concerned with the position of women. 非常重视妇女的地位 2)、James Joyce Araby附读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
(完整word版)英国文学史复习资料大纲英语专业必考
一．作家作品连线1.Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟——The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事），The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之书）、The Parliament of Fowls（百鸟会议)The House of Fame（声誉之堂）、Troilus and Criseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德）2.William Shakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, SonnetThe Merchant of Venice，Henry IV，Twelfth Night，King Lear，Macbeth 3.Francis Bacon培根——（Essays）Of Marriage and Single Life(轮婚姻和单身), Of Studies4.John Donne邓恩（Metaphysical poems玄学派诗人）-— Song and Sonnets （歌与十四行诗）, Holy Sonnets（圣十四行诗）5.John Milton 弥尔顿—— Paradise Lost(失乐园）、Paradise Regained（复乐园）Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）6.Daniel Defoe笛福——The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记)、Captain Singleton（辛格顿船长)、Moll Flanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）A Journal of the Plague Year（大疫年日记）、Roxana （罗克萨娜）7.Jonathan Swift斯威夫特——Gulliver’s Travel s（格列佛游记）A Tale of a Tub (一只桶的故事)，A Modest Proposal（一个温和的建议）8.William Blake布莱克——Song of Innocence（天真之歌)，Song of experience（经验之歌）, Poetical Sketches(诗的素描), The Book of Thel（塞尔书)9.Robert Burns彭斯——Auld Lang Syne, A Red Red Rose，10.William Wordsworth华兹华斯——I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud11.Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治——Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗），BiographiaLiteria （文学传记）、Lyrical Ballads (抒情歌谣集)12.Jane Austen简·奥斯丁—- Pride and Prejudice二、术语解释1、Epic（史诗）： A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It started in the 5th century, Beowulf was an important epic。
英国文学史复习资料
英国文学史复习资料一、早期文学1、凯尔特文学：凯尔特人是英国最早的民族，他们有自己的语言和神话传说。
他们的文学作品包括《德鲁伊特教义》和《芬尼亚传奇》。
2、盎格鲁-撒克逊文学：随着罗马帝国的衰落，日耳曼部落开始在英国定居。
盎格鲁-撒克逊时期最著名的文学作品是《贝奥武夫》，讲述了一位英勇的武士贝奥武夫的故事。
二、中世纪文学1、英雄史诗：中世纪时期，英国出现了许多描写骑士和英雄事迹的史诗，如《罗兰之歌》、《希尔德布兰德之歌》等。
2、骑士文学：随着封建制度的发展，骑士成为英国社会的一个重要阶层。
骑士文学主要描写骑士的冒险经历和爱情故事，如《亚瑟王传奇》等。
3、宗教文学：中世纪时期，英国的宗教文学也很发达。
最有名的作品是《神曲》和《圣经》的英译本。
三、文艺复兴时期文学1、伊丽莎白时代文学：伊丽莎白一世时期，英国进入了文艺复兴时期。
这个时期的文学作品包括莎士比亚的戏剧、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
2、斯图亚特王朝复辟时期文学：斯图亚特王朝复辟后，英国文学开始向古典主义转变。
这个时期的文学作品包括弥尔顿的《失乐园》和约翰·德莱顿的诗歌等。
四、启蒙时期文学1、启蒙运动：启蒙运动是18世纪欧洲的一个思想解放运动，旨在推翻封建制度，建立资产阶级民主制度。
英国的启蒙运动以洛克和休谟为代表。
2、现实主义小说：随着工业革命的兴起，英国的现实主义小说开始兴起。
这个时期的代表作家包括狄更斯、萨克雷、勃朗特姐妹等。
他们的作品主要描写社会底层人民的生活和资产阶级的虚伪与贪婪。
3、浪漫主义诗歌：19世纪初，英国的浪漫主义诗歌开始兴起。
这个时期的代表诗人包括华兹华斯、柯勒律治和拜伦等。
他们的作品主要表达个人情感和对自然的向往。
五、维多利亚时期文学1、维多利亚时代的社会背景：维多利亚时代是英国的一个繁荣时期，也是英国殖民主义的高峰期。
这个时期的英国成为“日不落帝国”。
2、小说：维多利亚时期的代表作家包括狄更斯、勃朗特姐妹、哈代等。
(完整版)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里 ·乔叟1340~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
英国文学史复习资料 (3)
英国文学史复习资料引言英国文学史作为世界文学史的重要组成部分，涵盖了几个世纪的文学作品。
本文档旨在为复习英国文学史的读者提供一份详细的复习资料。
文档将按时间顺序介绍不同时期的英国文学代表作品、主题和文学运动，帮助读者更好地了解英国文学的发展。
第一时期：中世纪文学中世纪是英国文学发展的起点，这一时期主要集中在中古时期（5世纪到15世纪）。
中世纪文学主题多样，包括骑士文学、宗教文学和民间传说等。
1. 骑士文学骑士文学是中世纪文学的重要组成部分，主要描述骑士们的冒险故事和荣誉观念。
其中最著名的作品是亚瑟王传说，包括托马斯·马洛里的《亚瑟王之死》和文德雷·莫特的《亚瑟王与圆桌骑士》。
2. 宗教文学中世纪是宗教统治的时代，因此宗教文学也占据了重要地位。
主要作品包括《坎特伯雷故事集》（Geoffrey Chaucer）和《悲叹诗》（The Pearl Poet）等。
3. 民间传说民间传说是中世纪文学的另一个重要方面，通过口述传统流传下来。
其中最著名的作品是《罗宾汉》和《亨利五世》等。
第二时期：文艺复兴时期文艺复兴时期（16世纪到17世纪）是英国文学史中的黄金时期，代表了英国文学的巅峰。
该时期出现了一系列重要的文学作品和文学运动。
1. 威廉·莎士比亚威廉·莎士比亚是文艺复兴时期最杰出的戏剧家和诗人之一。
他的作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等，被誉为世界文学的经典之作。
2. 清教徒文学在文艺复兴时期，清教徒的宗教观念对文学也产生了重要影响。
约翰·密尔顿的《失乐园》是清教徒文学的代表作之一，描述了亚当和夏娃被驱逐出乐园的故事。
3. 文艺复兴诗歌文艺复兴时期的诗歌也有很高的艺术价值。
其中最有名的诗人包括培根、斯宾塞和塞西尔等。
第三时期：启蒙时代启蒙时代（18世纪）是英国文学史上的重要时期，代表了人类对理性和自由的追求。
该时期的作品主题涵盖政治、哲学和对人性的探索。
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英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.①<The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③<The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
）The poets’poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey①<The Faerie Queene>仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)T he theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfullloves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.②<The Shepherds Calendar>牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.③<Amoretti>爱情小唱?2. Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535One of the greatest English humanists①<Utopia>乌托邦3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and p hilosophy to man’s reason.①<The Advancement of Learning>学术的推进②<Essays>随笔(famous quotas: <Of studies>)?The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson①<Comedy of Humours>②<Volpone, or the fox>狐狸5. Christopher? Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。
）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.①<The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus>浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝?③<The Jew of Malta>马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616?①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII②Four Comedies四大喜剧:<As You Like It>皆大欢喜;<Twelfth Night>第十二夜;<A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;<Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies四大悲剧:<Hamlet>哈姆莱特;<Othello>奥赛罗;<King Lear>李尔王;<Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
）①Epics: <Paradise Lost>失乐园<Paradise? Regained>复乐园②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙③<Areopagitica>论出版自由?<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩④<On His Blindness>我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。