GMAT语法考试资料
个人总结的GMAT语法知识
个人总结的GMAT语法知识-----GMAT grammar note summary 语法考试的主要特点：1语法考试当中原则：2语法考试中的一般解题思路：2语法考试中的定律：2语法考试中常见错误分析：5语法考试中精华的句子汇总及分析：11专题系列一：平行结构中的语法16专题系列二：必考专题Like结构18专题系列三：Done/doing… , SVO逻辑主语19专题系列四：主谓一致19专题系列五：Compare 21专题系列六：代词22专题系列七：补语23专题系列八：独立主格（*）24专题系列九：时态专题24专题系列十：定语从句专题25专题系列十一：比较专题26补充：其他一些在练习当中常见的短语的搭配使用26语法考试的主要特点：A．考点相对单一，多考主从句，平行句B．规律性强C．句式复杂难词多D．是最严格的美式语法书面英文，只考陈述句式。
语法考试当中原则：A．清楚明晰没有歧义B．句式简洁明了，但这点最后才考虑C．有绝对错误和相对错误先考虑绝对错误D．主动优于被动，相对性错误，在相对性错误中最后考虑语法考试中的一般解题思路：1 通读原文一至两遍，掌握原文结构时态及含义，明晰有无逻辑错误2 读题目：纵向通观各选项间的差异，从区别中找到考点3 选择答案：想绝对，后相对；先语法，后逻辑语法考试中的定律：1.出现maybe肯定错，改为perhaps or probably, 因为maybe是口语用语2.前面是主句的情况下，从句用which引导前面的整个句子肯定错，因为指代不明通常有两种取代which的方法：用结果状语来代替：With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases, making the old fragile.用新名词来总结前句句意：With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases, the trend makes the old fragile.3.表示命令的Order/demand/require/mandate表示建议的Advice/suggestion/recommend加从句是的should do中的should一定不加，美式写法注意：词意为主，其余有表命令或建议的也同样处理这是虚拟语气的表达：suggest that…/suggest sb do sth4.定语从句当中人就用who来引导，物用which/that来引导5.Love在考试当中必定不会出现，考试都是中庸的态度6.Like必考。
GMAT语法定语从句知识点
GMAT语法定语从句知识点以下是一些GMAT语法考试中常见的定语从句知识点：1. 关系词：定语从句通常由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（where, when, why）引导。
关系代词指代先行词，关系副词则指示时间、地点或原因。
2.关系代词的使用：- who：指人，并在定语从句中充当主语。
- whom：指人，并在定语从句中充当宾语。
- whose：指人或物，并在定语从句中充当所有格。
- which：指物，并在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。
- that：可以指人或物，并在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。
3.关系副词的使用：- where：指地点，在定语从句中表示地点。
- when：指时间，在定语从句中表示时间。
- why：指原因，在定语从句中表示原因。
4.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：-限制性定语从句提供对先行词的必要限定信息，如果去掉该从句，句子的意思就会不完整，不准确。
限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句隔开。
-非限制性定语从句提供对先行词的额外说明，如果去掉该从句，句子的意思仍然完整。
非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开。
5.定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面，不过有时也可以将定语从句放在句尾或句中。
6.关系代词的省略：当先行词在定语从句中同时作主语时，关系代词可以省略。
7.其他语法问题：-一致性：定语从句中的动词应与先行词保持一致。
-引导词的选择：要根据先行词的性质和句意选择合适的关系词。
-定语从句中的时态：一般情况下，定语从句的时态和主句保持一致。
以上是GMAT语法考试中常见的定语从句知识点。
熟练掌握这些知识点可以帮助提高GMAT语法题的解题能力。
(完整版)GMAT语法点
名词分类（1）按名词特性分类：普通名词,专有名词，集合名词，物质名词，抽象名词；普通名词:表人，物，地点；举例：sister，cat，canton专有名词: 表某人，某地，某物特有的名称, 第一个字母大写；举例Barack Hussein Obama，Hachiko （狗名），China, Mississippi集体名词:表某类人/物的集体名称；举例：John’s Family，company，furniture,nation,party,class, herd物质名词: 表物质的名称（材料，食品，饮料等），举例：sugar，meat, paper, gas,bag,iron抽象名词：表示品质，状态，动作，抽象概念的名称，举例：beauty, childhood,death，peace,herd,speed,energy,environment,pride,prejudice,weather（2）按可数形式分类：可数名词，不可数名词可数名词：能在前面加a/an 的或another，one，every，each；能用于复数形式的；举例：a book; every person.不可数名词：不能加a 或another，one，every，each 等；不能用于复数形式的；举例：water, idea, courage（3）5 类名词与可数不可数之间的关系普通名词为可数名词；举例：a desk，each house，cats．集合名词为可数名词；举例：（a）family，（each）class，（all）parties，（different）nations。
专有名词一般为不可数名词；举例：London；但有些为可数名词，如Communists，french-men。
物质名词一般不可数名词；举例：milk，gold，coffee，beer；但有些可用作可数名词，表示特殊意义，如：an ice-cream（一份冰淇淋），a light rain（一阵小雨）。
(完整版)GMAT语法词汇1--100题
OG 12 语法顺序和题目一致1 题到34 题navigator 航海家，导航仪glisten 闪光，闪耀sheer 轻薄的，陡峭的professed 自称的，明言的，公然声称的imitate 效仿，仿制，模仿diabetes （是单数啊这个词）糖尿病surpass 超过，胜过moisture 水分，潮气，湿度exhale 呼吸，散发crystallize （使）结晶，（使）具体化fungus （复数为fungi ）真菌，霉菌instant 瞬间，立即idolization 偶像化，盲目崇拜carnivorous 食肉性的，食肉的endure 容忍，忍耐，持久，持续lethal 致命的，危险的；有效的extensively 广泛地，大规模地preliminary 初步的，预备的，开始的，初步行动，初步措施mortar 碾钵；迫击炮sunspot 太阳黑子vortices （vortex 的复数）漩涡pole 杆，柱，极点sight 视力，视线，景物，瞄准，看见，观测procedure 操作intensify 增强advertiser 广告商squash 浓缩果汁，美国南瓜；压制，压扁sting 刺痛，使苦恼potent 强有力的，有效的venom 毒液，恶意intense 强大的，强烈的；紧张的alleged 声称的expose 暴露的conversely 相反地stability 稳定性discus 铁饼，掷铁饼比赛tissue （生物的）组织；织物，纸巾dioxin 二噁英induce 引起，促使，劝服，引诱irritating 使愤怒的，令人不愉快的metabolize 产生代谢变化render 提供，表现，宣布，翻译，回报，给补偿，缴纳（常考意思就是提供，GMAT 不喜欢多义词，所以总是用一个词的一个意思）sketchy 概略的，不完全的，不确定的cult 宗教膜拜仪式，狂热崇拜jawbone 下颚骨evolutionary 进化的，发展的，演变的elaborate 详尽的，复杂的，精心的shellfish 甲壳类动物，贝类菜exploit 开拓prize-stock 股票战利品breeding 生养，教养，抚养，繁殖，血统，育种fetching 动人的，迷人的frame 骨架，身躯，结构，框；表达，制定arrow 箭spear 叶片，幼芽；渔叉，矛，投枪conviction 坚信，定罪static 静态的，静止的，稳定的，静力的，静电的chromosomal 染色体的manifestation 表现形式deck 甲板，层面；装饰plunging跳进的，突然往下的crisis 危机，危急关头broaden 变宽，扩大cramp 狭窄的，束缚的，难认的quarter 四分之一，一刻钟，一季，25 美分，区，方向35-100 题figure 图形，图表，数字，外形，体型，形状，人物，塑像indicative 指示的，暗示的pension 养老金,退休金discharge 排出，释放，解雇，解除schistosomiasis 血吸虫病fatal 致命的，毁灭性的，决定性的debilitating 使衰弱的drain 排出，排干，耗尽property 财产，所有物sought （seek 的过去式）搜索annul 取消，废除invading 侵略，侵害，侵扰microbe 微生物，细菌determinant 决定因素fertility 肥沃，丰富interwoven 交织的，混合的filigree 金银丝做的工艺品tentacle （动物）触角，触须spawn 产卵，产生，造成spore 孢子tribe 部落，族ensconce 安顿下来，安置，隐藏plot 情节，阴谋，（小块）土地light-year 光年core 核心，果心，要点enshrine 奉为神圣，珍藏fledgling 刚会飞的幼鸟，尚缺乏经验的人transplant 移居，移栽（植物），移植（器官） critic 评论家，批评家contemporary 同时代的人，同龄人conveyor-belt 传送带stock 存货，储备，股票，股份，家畜gradual 逐渐的，平缓的conversational 对话的，健谈的brisk 敏锐的，活跃的，轻快的expatriate 逐出国外，脱离国籍，放逐chemist 化学家,药剂师critique 批评，评论consolidate 合并，统一，巩固deity 神，神性spot 地点，场所，职位，污点，斑点，少量sandstone 砂岩schist 片岩capitalism 资本主义socialism 社会主义pugnacious 好斗的truce 休战，（争执，烦恼等的）缓和proclaim 正式宣布，声明，赞扬predominating 占优势，支配regulatory 管理的，控制的，调整的disposal 处理，布置terra-cotta 赤陶土，赤土陶器reconvene 重新集合，重新召集，再召开rural 农村的aggressive 侵略的，进攻性的，有进取心的stabilize 使安定，使坚固extraction 抽出，血统aggravate 恶化，严重genetic 遗传的，基因的，起源的predisposition 倾向，（易患病的）体质erosion腐蚀，侵蚀breakwater 防波堤waterline 吃水线buffer 缓冲，减轻pod （海豹或鲸等的）一群, 豆荚strained 紧张的，不自然的municipal 市政的enormous 巨大的，庞大的obstacle 障碍phosphate 磷酸盐municipality 自治市，市当局trim 修剪，削减，装饰horn 触角，角质，号rhinoceros 犀牛（复数加es） poacher 偷猎者grower 栽培者salvage 救助，抢救，打捞citrus （单数）柑橘属果树，柑橘属果实sloth 树獭，懒惰occasionally 偶尔地misconduct 不端行为，管理或处理不善stem 堵住，阻止,给... 装柄，逆... 而行, 起源于delinquent 有过失的，失职的，怠忽的，拖欠的perpetrate 做（坏事），犯（罪）ulcer 溃疡，腐坏物mucous 粘液lining 衬里，内层freestanding 独立式的smog 烟雾hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物nitrogen 氮oxide 氧化物deposit 放置，（使）沉淀，存储，付（订金等） moisture 水分，湿度vintner 酒商，酿酒者composer 创作者（尤指乐曲的）mainstream 主流repertory 全部剧目，仓库，积贮evoke 唤起，引起bucolic 乡村的，田园的simplicity 简单，简朴township 镇区paved 铺路，铺设，安排sublanguage 次语言（指社会中某一集团或阶层专用的言语） refiner 精练者，精练机，推论精细的人crude 天然的，未加工的，粗鲁的，粗糙的，原油clog 阻塞prompt 激起，促进，提示; 迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的compromise 妥协，折衷streambed 河床ripple 涟漪，波纹crest 浪尖，冠，顶部trough 低谷，低潮stationary 不动的（稳定的） postwar 战后的disciple 弟子，门徒，信徒longitudinal 经线的，纵向的，长久的groove 槽，纹chip 切下，凿下, 芯片playwright 剧作家motion 移动，动作，打手势，示意，提议。
GMAT语法
Lan 293-18 1 to do sth is to do 要做某事是要做某事 to do要去做，doing正在做
2 敏感's 结构，经常出错。1 所有格+doing错， 2 双重所有错误，3 后面有同位语或者代词指代，'s结构无法实现。
4 优先使用名词， 名词、代词同时出现优选名词，如果没有用that
It 特指整体单数名词
As 和like 的区别
Like 介词不是连词，like+n 只能表示相似事物
As +n指标是作为，as+句子 相似动作之间像
Just as +so固定搭配
1 谓语动词相同，可以用do did does 等来代替
P243-12 1 同一句话中，相同的代词必须指代相同的事物。 They them their 是相同的代词
解题技巧：代词常是考点，因此一句话中出现两个相同的代词一定要敏感，是否指代同一事物。在考场上一时来不及判断代词是否正确，优先看含有名词的选项，因为名词就能避免了代词指代的错误。
2 关注新名词 解题技巧：出题人费力写出新的名词往往有原因的，因此优先看含有新名词的选项。
Can could 只是时态区别，在考试中含义没有区别
Can 与be able to区别
Being able to do (错)
Be able to be done (错)
Capability (错)
Capability of doing
Ability of sb to do sth
2 后面有A的同位语
3 allow to do 允许某人做某事 和allow that 承认，认可
GMAT语法题OG详解1.140
GMAT语法题OG详解1/140GMAT语法改错的难度一方面来自题干，另一方面来自选项，因为我们要依靠选项之间的差别来获得信息、寻求提示，其实这就反映了GMAT语法改错答案的特点--永远只有相对正确而不寸在绝对正确。
接下来小编就给大家介绍一下GMAT语法题，希望对大家备考GMAT语法考试有帮助。
1. In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.(A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,(B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and(C) psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,(D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size,(E) psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,(A)psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,【错误】句子结构：本选项中“declaring”不能单独做谓语动词，于是“two Swiss psychologists”在主句中失去了谓语动词，主谓结构不完整。
GMAT_OG_语法考点大总结
GMAT_OG_语法考点大总结.docGMAT OG语法考点大总结一、引言1.1 GMAT语法考试简介GMAT（Graduate Management Admission Test）是商学院入学考试，其语法部分主要测试考生对英语语法规则的掌握和应用能力。
1.2 语法考点的重要性掌握语法考点对于提高GMAT成绩至关重要，它有助于考生在考试中快速识别错误并作出正确选择。
二、GMAT OG语法考点概览2.1 词性用法名词：单复数、可数与不可数、所有格动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词形容词与副词：比较级与最高级、错误修饰代词：指代清晰、主宾格、反身代词连词：并列连词、从属连词介词：固定搭配、介词短语冠词：定冠词与不定冠词的使用2.2 句子结构主谓一致句子完整性：主语、谓语的完整性从句：名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句并列结构：并列连词的使用、并列句的正确性修饰语：定语、状语、同位语的正确使用2.3 语法规则时态一致性语态选择：主动语态与被动语态非谓语动词：动名词、不定式、分词虚拟语气倒装句强调句2.4 逻辑语义逻辑主语：确保逻辑上的主语与语法上的主语一致指代明确：避免指代不清或歧义逻辑连接：确保句子之间的逻辑关系清晰一致性：保持时态、数、人称等方面的一致性三、GMAT OG语法考点详解3.1 名词用法单复数一致性：根据语境判断名词的单复数形式。
集合名词：某些名词作为集合名词时，谓语动词用单数或复数。
可数与不可数名词：注意区分可数名词和不可数名词。
3.2 动词用法时态：根据时间状语判断使用何种时态。
语态：主动语态与被动语态的选择取决于句子的语境。
非谓语动词：动名词、不定式和分词的使用要根据句子结构和意义。
3.3 形容词与副词比较级与最高级：正确使用比较级和最高级的形容词和副词。
错误修饰：避免使用错误的修饰语，如“the more...the more”结构。
3.4 代词指代清晰：确保代词有明确的先行词。
主宾格：根据句子结构使用主格或宾格代词。
GMAT_OG13_语法真题 内附自己笔记
1.In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists,declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.(A)psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables associal class and family size,(B)psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables likesocial class and family size, and(C)psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables associal class and family size,(D)psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like socialclass and family size,(E)psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such associal class and family size,1.分词的不正确使用导致句子碎片2.时态不一致3.such like 搭配错误4. fail to do为正确搭配, fail in doing好像没见过,在目前看到过的fail 搭配中，只有fail to do 和sth fail两种搭配5.表示举例用such as2.Manufacturers rate batteries in watt-hours; if they rate the watt-hour higher, the longer the battery canbe expected to last.(A)if they rate the watt-hour higher, the longer(B)rating the watt-hour higher, it is that much longer(C)the higher the watt-hour rating, the longer(D)the higher the watt-hour rating, it is that much longer that(E)when the watt-hour rating is higher, the longer it is3.Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, manyeconomists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.(A)have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally(B)raised hopes for there being a recovery finally(C)had raised hopes for a recovery finally being(D)has raised hopes that a recovery is finally(E)raised hopes for a recovery finally1.主谓单复数(杀伤力最强)，注意倒装形式中的主谓搭配（ from which derives both A and B，错误，因为A and B，谓语用复数）2.there be 是一种冗余的结构3.being出现基本不正确，但有例外4.raised 的过去时用法是正确的，但用现在完成时更好，表示持续到现在5.过去完成时的用法就不对了，没有过去的时间点。
GMAT, 语法部分 SC易错题
SC易错题、典型题汇总1.Not only…but(also) VS. Not…but…如果你一眼看出这个句子考not only，but also于是开始找答案，恭喜你，又上当了。
做题的时候要弄清楚句子的意思是递进还是转折,如果是递进not only...but also 没问题,如果是转折的话,就要考虑一下是否是GMAC的陷阱了, but/but also才是表示转折的意思.其中also可以省略。
not only ...but also表示并列，不能表示转折，不要有先入为主的感觉认为not only...but also必须一起出现。
单独出现but also是可能的，此时表示的是转折。
Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions```````````````````````````````````````A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland(especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it alsoB. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland(especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but alsoC. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in theNortheast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but alsoD. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in theNortheast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it alsoE. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland(especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but itA. not only 位于句首时，所引导的句子要用倒装，give和create是and连接的两个并列成分，而时态已经被did提前，只能用原形，所以这里gave错；But it also在此没有错，例见本题后补充的大全354。
GMAT语法习题_点睛40题
GMAT 语法习题（点睛40道）SC01 Beatrix Potters, inherbook illustrations, carefully coordinatingthemwithhernarratives，capitalizedonherkeen observationandloveofthenaturalworld.(A)Beatrix Potters，inher bookillustrations，carefullycoordinatingthemwithhernarratives，(B)In herbook illustrations，carefully coordinatingthem withhernarratives，BeatrixPotter(C)In herbook illustrations，which she carefully coordinated with her narratives,Beatrix Potter (D)Carefully coordinatedwith hernarratives，BeatrixPotter，in herbook illustrations,(E)Beatrix Potter，in herbookillustrations，carefully coordinatedthem withhernarrativesandSC02 Thespeculativefever oftheRoaringTwentiesinfectedrichand pooralike;vastquantities of peoplewere dangerouslyoverextended，creditwas absurdlyeasy to obtain,andmostbroderage housesrequiredonly tenpercentcashforstocksbough ton“margin.”(A) rich andpoor alike；vastquantitiesof people weredangerously overextended(B)bothrichand pooralike；largeamountsofpeopledangerously overextended themselves(C) rich and poor alike；great numbersof people were dangerously overextended themselves(D)both rich and poor alike；vast amountsof people dangerously overextended them selves(E)both richandpoor；greatquantitiesofpeoplewere dangerously overextendedSC03Withouthearingawordofwhatisbeingsaidorshouted，anexperiencedtraderonthefloor of the stock exchange can listen to the hum of voices around them and tell what is happening．(A)Withouthearing awordof whatisbeingsaid orshouted，anexperiencedtrader(B)Withouthearing awordof whatisbeingsaid orshouted，experiencedtraders(C)Even though the person has not heard a word of what is being said or shouted，an experiencedtrader(D) Evenwhen theperson hasnotheardawordthatisbeingsaidorshouted，experiencestraders(E) Inspiteofnothearing awordofwhatisbeingsaidorshouted，an experiencedtraderSC04 Thetechnical term”pag ination”isaprocessthatleaveseditors，insteadofprinters,assemble thepageimagesthatbecomethemetalorplasticplatesusedinprinting．(A) is aprocess thatleaveseditors，insteadofprinters，assemble(B) refers to a processthat allows editors，ratherthan printers，to assemble(C) isa process leaving the editors，rather than printers，toassemble(D) refers to a process which allows editors，butnot to printers，theassembly of(E) hasreference totheprocessleavingtoeditors，instead oftheprinter，assemblingSC05Contrarytoearlier conjectures，itmaybethat increasedatmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of burning fossil fuels would cool the globe by reducing the amount ofsolarenergy absorbed by snow．(A) increasedatmosphericcarbon dioxide asa resultofburning(B) increasedatmospheric carbondioxideresultingfromthecombustionof(C) increasingcarbondioxideinthe atmosphereresultingfromthecombustion of(D)carbondioxideintheatmospherethatincreased fromburning(E)atmospheric carbon dioxide that increased fromburningSC06 NewtheoriesproposethatcatastrophicimpactsofasteroidsandcometsmayhavecausedreversalsintheEarth’smagneticfield,theonsetoficeages,splittingapartcontinents80million yearsago, and great volcaniceruptions.(A)splittingapart continents(B)thesplitting apartofcontinents(C)splitapart continents(D)continents splitapart(E) continentsthat weresplit apartSC07 In theface of widespread concern about environmental waste，compact discmanufacturers areattemptingtofindareplacementforthe disposableplasticboxinwhichtheypackagetheir product．(A)thedisposableplasticboxinwhich they(B)thedisposableplasticboxwhere they(C)adisposableplasticboxinwhichto(D)disposableplasticboxesinside whichthey(E)thedisposableplasticboxesinwhichtoSC08Followingthenutritionboard’sadviceonsaltconsumptionwouldmeanavirtualendoftheofsaltincooking,andavoidanceof obviouslysaltyfoods,andreducing therelianceonprocessed foods that containsignificantamountsof often hiddensodium.(A)reducing thereliance processedfoodsthatcontainsignificantamountsofoften hiddensodium(B)reducingthereliance onprocessedfoodscontaining oftenhiddenbutsignificantamounts of sodium(C)areductionoftherelianceonprocessedfood,containingastheydooftenhiddensodiumin significantamounts(D)areducedrelianceonthesignificantamountsofhiddensodium oftencontainedinprocessed foods(E)areducedrelianceonprocessedfoodsthatcontainsignificantbutoftenhiddenamountsof sodiumSC09 Dr.Tonegawa wontheNobelPrizefordiscoveringhowthebodycanconstantlychange itsgenestofashionaseemingunlimitednumberofantibodies，eachspecificallytargetedataninvadingmicrobeor foreign substance．(A)seeming unlimitednumberofantibodies，each specificallytargeted at(B)seeming unlimitednumberofantibodies，each targetedspecifically to(C)seeming unlimitednumberofantibodies，allspecifically targetedat(D)seemingly unlimitednumberofantibodies，allofthemtargeted specifically to(E)seemingly unlimitednumberofantibodies，each targetedspecifically atSC10. Recentlythere has beenincreaseddebateover ifabudgetsurplusshouldgotowards lowertaxesorincreasedspendingonsocialprograms.(A)overif abudgetsurplusshould gotowards lower taxes or increasedspending(B)over whether a budgetsurplus shouldgotowards lowering taxesorincreasingspending(C)aboutabudgetsurplus goingtowards lowertaxesorincreasingspending(D)about iflowertaxesshould comefrombudgetsurplusorspendingincreases(E)concerning abudgetsurplusand its goingtowardslower taxesor increasedspendingSC11 Since1986enrollmentsofAfricanAmericans，AmericanIndians，andHispanic Americansin full-timeengineeringprogramsin the UnitedStates has steadily increased, while the numberofotherstudentswhoenterthe fieldfallen．(A)hassteadily increased，whilethenumberofthestudentswhoenterthe fieldhasfallen(B) has steadily increased，whileotherstudentsenteringthefieldhavedeclinedin number(C) increasedsteadily，whilethereWasadeclinein thenumber of other students entering thefield(D) have steadily increased，whilethenumberofotherstudentsenteringthefieldhasfallen(E)havesteadilyincreased，whilethatofotherstudentswhoenterthefield fellSC12Downzoning,zoningthat typically results in thereduction ofhousing density，allows formore open space inareaswhere—littlewater or—services exist.(A)littlewateror servicesexist(B)little wateror servicesexists(C)few services and littlewater exists(D)there islittle water or services available(E)there are few services andlittleavailablewater*SC40 The study undertaken by the Department of the Interior will involve examination andtagging of the California condor in order to obtain information about their daily movements，foraging habits，and sites where they nest．(A)their daily movements，foraging habits，and sites where they nest(B)their daily movements．foraging habits，and their nesting sites(C) its daily movements，foraging habits，and nesting sites(D)its daily movements，foraging habits，and about nesting sites(E)daily movements，foraging habits，and sites in which there are nestsSC13 Asresearcherscontinuetoprobethehighlyexpressivevocalandposturallanguageof wolves，theircloseresemblance todogs hasbecomeevermorestriking．(A)theirclose resemblance todogs hasbecome(B)thecloseness oftheirresemblanceto dogshasbecome(C)thecloseresemblancebetweenthemanddogshasbecome(D)the closeresemblancebetweenwolvesanddogs becomes(E)thecloseresemblanceofwolveswithdogsbecomesSC14 Althoughaspirinirritatesthestomach,itcanbeavoidediftheaspirintabletisgivena coatingthatwillnotdissolveuntil thetabletreachestheintestine.(A)Althoughaspirinirritatesthe stomach，it(B)Theirritationofthestomachcaused byaspirin(C)Thefactthataspirincausesirritationofthe stomach(D)Aspirincausesstomachirritation，although it(E)Aspirin irritatesthe stomach，whichSC15 Afterthecivilwar, contemporariesofHarrierTubman’smaintainedthatshehasallof thequalitiesofagreatleader：coolnessin thefaceofdanger，anexcellentsenseofstrategy，and anabilityto planinminute detail．(A) Tubman’smaintained thatshehas(B) Tubman’smaintain thatshe had(C) Tubman’s havemaintainedthat she had(D) Tubmanmaintained that shehad(E) Tubman had maintained thatshe hasSC16Inherrecentlypublishedstudy，Rubinassertsthatmostwomendonotsufferfromthe“empty nest syndrome”；they are ,in fact, relieved when their childrendepart．(A) they fire，infact，relieved when their childrendepart(B) and they fire，infact，relieved whentheir childrendeparted(C) they fire，infact，relieved when their childrendeparted (D) infact，they firerelieved when theirchildren departed (E)they fire relievedatthedepartureofthechildren．infactSC17States officials report that soaring rates of liability insurance have risen to force cutbacksintheoperationsofeverythingfrom localgovernmentsandschooldistrictstoday-care centersandrecreationalfacilities．(A) rates of liability insurancehave risentoforce(B) rates of liability insuranceare a force for(C) rates for liability insuranceare forcing(D) rises inliabilityinsurance ratesare forcing(E)liability insurancerateshaverisentoforceSC18 TenorGeorgeShirleysangmorethan20leadingrolesattheMetropolitanOperassince havinghisdebutth ere asFernando in CosifantulleonOctober24，1961．(A)sangmorethan20 leadingrolesat theMetropolitanOperasincehaving(B)sangmorethan 20leadingrolesat theMetropolitanOperasincehaving had(C)hassungmorethan20 leadingroles attheMetropolitanOpera since(D)has sungmorethan 20leadingrolesattheMetropolitanOperaafter(E)hassungmorethan20 leadingroles attheMetropolitanOpera subsequently toSC19 Althoughearlysoapoperas—were—firstaired oneveningradiointhe1920's,theyhad moved to the daytimehoursofthe 1930when the eveningschedule becamecrowded with comedians and variety shows．(A)were first aired on eveningradio inthe1920’s，they hadmovedto the daytime hours of the 1930’s(B)werefirstairedoneveningradiointhe1920’s，theyweremovedtothedaytime hoursin the1930’s(C)wereairedfirstoneveningradiointhe1920’s，movingtothedaytimehoursinthe1930’s(D)were aired first in the eveningon 1920’s radio，theymoved to thedaytimehoursof；the 1930’s(E)aired on eveningradiofirstin the1920’s，theyweremovedtothe1930’sinthe daytimehoursSC20 Formany people，householdlaborremainsdemanding even ifabletoafford household appliancestheirgrandparents wouldfindamiracle．(A)even if able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find a miracle(B)despitebeingableto affordhouseholdappliancestheirgrandparents wouldfindamiracle(C)even if they can afford household appliances their grandparents would have found miraculous(D)althoughthey couldaffordhouseholdappliancestheirgrandparents wouldfind miraculous(E)eveniftheyareabletoaffordhouseholdapplianceswhichwouldhavebeenamiracletotheir grandparentsSC21Bankers require that the financial information presented to them by mortgage applicantsbecompleteandfollowaprescribed format．(A) becomplete and follow aprescribed format(B) iscomplete and it follows fl prescribedformat(C) be complete and aprescribed format is followed(D) to becompleteandaprescribedformatbefollowed(E) be completed。
GMAT历年真题
第一章：句子结构(一划句子结构)一、名词性从句：一）主语从句：it may (well) be that + 主从; it be +adj./ed/n. + that + 主从; it seem/happen/appear + that + 主从二） 宾语从句：动词型：that 不能省略/ 介词型：介词后只能接疑问词引导的宾语从句(除in that, except that, but that)三）表语从句：主语+be+that 从句/疑问词型从句二、特殊结构：一）强调：it is…that …; it is not until…that…;many n…..,if not most, do sth; n. is as…as…, if not more so.二）倒装：三）as 结构：Prep.: accept/ classify/ define/ describe/ know/ name/ refer to/ regard/ speak of/ state/ think/ think of/ view as n. Conj.: (just) as …, 主句; (just) as …, so 主句; (just) as …, so too 主句(部分倒装);Pron.: 代替单主句 (e.g. indirect socialization also occurs, as when television shows reinforce stereotyped images)四）同位结构：同位语，主语…（一定要一致）解释：n.,n.; a n., n.; n., a n.; the n., n.;内容具体化：抽象n.(theory/ evidence/ belief/ principle/hypothesis) + that 从句 (that 不能省略);of 表示所属关系，强调部分概念。
概括：a n. (program/ information/ effort/ practice) that修饰：n., n. that 从句代词：n., one/ones + that 从句五）独立主格：(with/each) + n./ ed/ ing/ adj.phrase/ prep.phrase （注意each 后接单数its 非their ）六）省略结构：V .+that两个句子并列，第一个含有be 作为助动词或become ，第二个句子中的be 或become 必须省略。
GMAT语法资料
下面是360教育集团为大家整理的关于GMAT语法的资料和内容，主要是讨论了GMAT语法备考的过程中需要注意的问题和事项，非常详细，大家可以在备考自己的GMAT考试的过程中根据自己的实际情况进行适当的参考。
具体说来，GMAT的“家规”有如下数条：1.在从句中，对以下连接词和引导词要保持高度警惕：(1)which(或代词it)绝对不可指代前面的整个句子;(2)because不可引导名词性从句;(3)宾语从句中引导词that一般不能省略;(4)if绝不可以引导名词性从句，如要表示“是否”，只能用whether引导;(5)对不作为介词宾语的事物作限定性修饰，只用that而不用which。
而which仅用于引导对介宾进行修饰的限定性从句和引导非限定性从句。
2.在require、demand等表“建议、命令”意义的词之后的that从句，要求用虚拟语气动词，即动词原形，不加should。
3.绝对不可以单独使用that指代前面的单数或不可数名词，而一般是用that of+n.结构指代或换用其他表达方式。
4.绝不可以单独使用this、these来指代前面出现的单数或复数名词，而绝对要通过换用其他人称代词，或重复前面出现的名词或者改变句子结构来避免这样非正式且模糊的指代。
如sth. of this kind, like this /these等模糊表达均要用such+n.(n.即重复this、these所指代的对象)来取代，意为“这些……”。
另外，在“such…… that”结构中，such只修饰具体名词，而不修饰抽象名词(如rapidity、severity 等)。
5.在我们通常使用的there be句型中，以下表达必错：(1)there could be done sth.;(2)there be sth. done;(3)there being+名词词组(4)there was sth.(抽象的表动作的名词)，如说there was a transmisscion万万不可。
gmat考试题
gmat考试题GMAT（Graduate Management Admission Test）是全球范围内最为知名的商学院研究生入学考试。
GMAT考试题目包括语法、阅读理解、逻辑思维和数学等多个科目。
考生需要在规定的时间内回答一系列题目，以评估其在商学院学习中所需的能力。
以下是一些常见的GMAT考试题目及解答。
1. 语法题题目：下列哪个句子中的动词形式正确？A) He had went to the store yesterday.B) She have been studying for hours.C) They has completed the project on time.D) We were playing soccer in the park.解答：D) We were playing soccer in the park.2. 阅读理解题题目：根据以下文章，回答问题：文章：根据最新研究，早晨喝一杯咖啡可以提高大脑的注意力和记忆力。
研究者发现，咖啡因可以刺激中枢神经系统，改善思维能力。
此外，咖啡还可以提高代谢率，帮助人们保持清醒。
因此，早晨喝咖啡有助于提高工作效率和学习成绩。
问题：为什么早晨喝咖啡有助于提高工作效率和学习成绩？解答：根据文章中的研究结果，早晨喝咖啡可以刺激中枢神经系统，提高注意力和记忆力，从而提高工作效率和学习成绩。
3. 逻辑思维题题目：下列命题中哪个是合乎逻辑的？A) 如果今天下雨，那么我会带雨伞。
B) 如果今天下雨，那么我一定会带雨伞。
C) 如果今天下雨，那么我可能会带雨伞。
D) 如果今天下雨，那么我绝对不会带雨伞。
解答：C) 如果今天下雨，那么我可能会带雨伞。
4. 数学题题目：下列方程中哪个是一元二次方程？A) 2x + 3y = 6B) x^2 + 3x + 2 = 0C) 3x + 4y = 10D) x + y = 5解答：B) x^2 + 3x + 2 = 0以上是一些常见的GMAT考试题目及解答。
GMAT语法
在长期的实践里面，结合目前机考的新动态，天道**给出几个用于推导稳定的做题系统的基本原则：
错误总结
虽然学了很多年语法，但是在做GMAT语法时，往往还是犯各种各样的GMAT语法错误，针对于此，**特收集整 理造成一些GMAT语法错误的原因，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。
1. GMAT语法考试以改错的形式来考，题目中所涉及的错误类型都是非英语为母语国家的人最常犯的错误： 如代词指代错误，主谓一致错误，虚拟语气现象，比较对象对等，平行结构错误等。
除些之外，GMAT语法还存在以下冷知识点一一介绍如下：
GMAT语法水平的提高不仅需要核心知识点的不断巩固和训练，更少不了对GMAT语法冷知识点的掌握，有些冷 知识点虽然平时用的很少，但是考试的时候遇到如果感觉很生疏，对考试的心态和成绩都将有较大的影响。所以 对于GMAT语法冷知识点要有一定的了解，虽然不想核心知识点一样有比较高的地位，但是也不容忽视。
简介
GMAT语法GMAT语法题型一共有25道题。出题形式是：一般给出一个句子，在句子一部分或全部的下方用线标 明，要求考生针对划线的部分，从五个选项中作出最佳选择。请注意：答案（A）往往就是划线部分本身。
GMAT语法是最严谨的英语语法，它是向下兼容的，攻破GMAT语法后就可以藐视一切了你会发现原先读过的很 多东西都是存在语法错误的。
GMAT语法
语文考试题型
01 简介
03 经验总结
语法-赵丽GMAT语法-讲义
GMAT 语法主讲：赵丽1. GMAT语法介绍1.1自我介绍---赵丽1.2 GMAT语法课程介绍1. GMA T介绍第一部分：作文部分Issue and Argument第二部分：Problem solving and Date sufficiency第三部分：Verbal section：Reading comprehension, Critical reasoning, Sentence correction2．上课要求：讲什么记什么3. 课程设置：1.总述2.解题步骤3.解题两大原则4.十五点倾向性5.四大出题原则6.四大语法现象4.GMA T总纲Sentence correction questions present a sentence, part or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined passage. The first answer choice repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original phrasing is best, choose the first answer, otherwise choose one of the others.例：黄皮书P638第一题Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally underway, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.(A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally(B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally(C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being(D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally(E) raised hopes for a recovery finallyThis type of question tests your ability to recognize the correctness and effectiveness of expression in standard written English. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.1.3 GMAT解题步骤例：蓝皮书P2891.Researchers at Cornell university have demonstrated that homing pigeons can sense changes in the earth's field, seelight waves that people cannot see, detect low-frequency sounds from miles away, sense changes in air pressure, and can identify familiar odors.例：蓝皮书P2892.Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last there decades were the high cost of land,the pressure of housing and commercial development, and basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California.例：蓝皮书P241第2题Since 1981,when the farm depression began, the number of acres overseen by professional farm-management companies have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area that is about Colorado's size.(A) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area that is about Colorado's size(B) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, about the size of Colorado(C) has grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorado(D) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorado's(E) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, about Colorado's size2.GMAT解题两大规则：2.1忠实原文。
GMAT曼哈顿语法---精华汇总
曼哈顿 SC 总结Chapter 1 Sentence Correction Basics1.一道例题Although William Pereira first gained national recognition for his movie set designs, includingthose for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations remember him as the architect for the Transamerica Tower, the Malibu campus of Pepperdine University and the city of Irvine.A:including those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generationsB: like that for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations willC:like those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generationsD: including that for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations willE:including those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations will这道题用两点split。
1.1GMAT规定，Like不能用于举例；注意，在之后的说明中，曼哈顿说The GMAT used toclaim that ‘like’ simply meant‘similar to’ and could not introduce examples. However, theexam writers have moderated this hardline duty in published explanations. As a result, either‘including’ or‘likelihood would technically work in the sentence.1.2GMAT规定，进行指代时，如果有单复数转换，不能用代词指代，而应换作相对应的名词。
2022年6月GMAT语法机经(至6.21)新
2022年6月GMAT语法机经(至6.21)以下是我为大家搜寻整理的2022年6月GMAT语法机经(至6.21)，供大家参考。
1. not merely to…，but rather they …画横线的是rather前面merely adv.eg:The uniformity of the relic radiation merely requires the universe to looknearly the same in every direction.The point of open information is not merely to expose the world but to changeit.2. 考到as well as3. Which include 和includingby staceyfff感谢狗仆人供应原题230. (GWD-8-Q32)At the annual stockholders meeting, investors heard a presentation on thenumerous challenges facing the company, including among them the threat from arival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the declining sales forthe company’s powerful microprocessor chip.A. including among them the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollarpatent-infringement suit and the declining sales forB. which includes the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollarpatent-infringement suit and declining sales ofC. included among these the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollarpatent-infringement suit as well as a decline in sales forD. among them the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollarpatent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of (D)E. among these the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollarpatent-infringement suit as well as the decline in sales for4. V-ing~~~~,Somebody’s 是错的5. Paul(一个人名)---lawyer,xxx, and xxx(都是名词说那个人的身份)---不记得了不过答案很好选只有一个是有动词的其他都是which who 或者是分词6. 有个考到了as to be able to do和as to be capable of doingby cecihanjiabei7. 有个signal（动词）的固定搭配，是说明朝政府标志地图、统计人数一类的V2 by liaoangbo有一道JJ里提到的关于signal的有提到，关于signal的用法，选项5个有3个是直接signaled跟在明朝后面，2个是加了个was signaled 跟在名词后面，然后signaled后面有的是by,有的是for（确定没to)…8. Viewed from XXX, the Speed of near objects seems to ~~~ faster than more remote objects.A.speed of near objects seems faster thanB.speed of near objects seems faster than that ofC.near objects’ speeds seem to be faster thanD.near objects’ speeds seem to be faster than those ofE.near objects seem to move faster than也许是这样的感觉，细节实在记不清了，大家就看看也许意思，不要纠结答案哈OTZ "the"究竟是在线内还是线外甚至存在与否也实在不记得了，不过应当不重要= =11. 还有一道是说宋朝的时候，正如某某农具还是农作物的创造对农业产生了巨大推动，纸质货币的消失也对经济产生了巨大推动我选的just as……，so，留意平行对等就行。
GMAT语法分段复习备考资料.doc
GMAT语法分段复习备考资料首先GMAT语法书的作用很大一部分就是在查缺补漏上，以及在了解GMAT语法考试的特点上。
所以大家就可以在选择GMAT语法书的时候要注意合不合适，接下來小编就GMAT 语法备考资料介绍给大家，希望帮助大家顺利备考GMAT语法考试。
资料：0G 13. Manhattan. PREP语法笔记08版、GWD （管卫东）0G 第一遍^MANHATTANOG13： OG每看一•遍都会有新的收获！每天15道。
共140道。
1.先做题2 •然后详细的分析每道题，做笔记!细化到每个选项的笔记!你要知道每个选项为什么错、为什么对0行~3.参照0G的答案，修改自己的笔记，哪里是你没有想到的。
哪里是你想错的…4.每天做新题的之前，复习下之前的笔记，强化记忆。
好啦，这是OG的第一遍，还不够的说…第一遍0G最大的作用便是让你足够熟悉到了GMAT的题型，比如典型的错谋或出题点有哪些？Eg.句子主干（主谓宾是否齐全、是否有fragment）.主谓一致、时态、代词、平行、比较、逻辑语意、固定搭配、是否重复、是否awkward> n/adj/adv之间的修饰关系….ManhattanManhattan真心很有用。
它是从美国人的角度，很系统的教你熟悉Gmeit的题型、如何解决问题。
毎天一个chapter,做笔记！！！只看它的解释，不用做题!没有很多，所以耐心记~在做题过程中对某种题型错的比较多，看看manhattan和关的解题方法，可能就豁然开朗啦~0G和manhattan配套着來，每天都保持一定的量，你对GMAT的题型和解题方法应该有了一个比较好的了解和掌握。
再接再厉咯！0G第二遍做题（修止第一遍笔记+翻看manhattan笔记）+PREP08切忌：1.觉得0G简单没必要做，好高鹫远想做PREP和GWD。
2.不做笔记3.冋忆第一遍做的答案，凭记忆做题。
然后正确率提高了，你觉得心里安慰了，最后没啥效果…0G第二遍做题重新按照以下步骤，心平气和、认认真真地做一遍0G。
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我认为GWD的SC是很接近实战的。
每次模考完，分析自己的错题和不确定的题，争取把题目都弄懂。
接下来小编就GMAT语法考试资料介绍一下，希望帮助大家顺利备考GMAT语法考试。
一战失败给我的最大教训是太轻视数学了，语法没感觉，不知道选对选错，二战时，失败的教训和前人的经验让我意识到想要考好GMAT，数学和语法为王，把握了这两部分，上700才有可能。
虽然之前也知道这两个部分的重要性，但不经历失败，往往不能真正地认真去对待。
按照自己的薄弱环节，我调整了相应的计划。
下面是我二战复习的资料：
语法：
• lzm语法分类，每天完成一章节，然后总结错题。
一战时看过一遍，也总结过，但二战还是发现很多同样的错题还会错。
建议认真总结自己为什么错，把错题认真归类，是分词修饰、还是用词准备性、还是逻辑意思?网上很多人推荐白勇语法，我没来得及看。
个人认为lzm的书还是不错的，会培养语法考点分类的感觉。
• OG菜鸟手册，二战时候按照菜鸟手册总结了OG10 SC和OG11SC，虽然题目大部分相同，但是OG11的解释却明显比OG10简单，很多答案的解释是it is wordy, akward… OG10的解释比较清楚。
我时间不够，只总结了一遍，如果有时间，总结完之后再分类总结一遍会对各个考点更加清晰。
• GWD：我认为GWD的SC是很接近实战的。
每次模考完，分析自己的错题和不确定的题，争取把题目都弄懂。
• PREP: 破解版的SC一战时都总结过，二战我采取的是强化训练，一次性做一套160题，大约两小时做完，然后看对照破解版总结自己的错题和不确定的题，做好笔记，是哪个类型的错误。
个人认为Prep破解比实战要简单一些。
• PREP最新的破解：考试前几天，我才发现网上有牛人把PREP最新版破解了，两套大概多了200题SC。
其中大部分的题目都是GWD，而且对很多GWD有争议的题做出定论。
比如GWD-1-Q2, GWD-4-Q4, GWD-9-Q1等等，这些GWD争议题在最新版的Prep中得到了解答。
另外，新版Prep中有一些Being，having been doing 作修饰的题，说明一切规则都不是定死的，最好的选项要在比较中得出。
Prep最新版包括了那么GWD的原题，是否说明考试的风格会变得与GWD贴近呢?希望大家好好看看这些题和GWD。
以上就是关于GMAT语法考试资料的介绍，希望大家能够理解，多加练习、多加总结。
只有在多练习、多总结的基础之上，才能真正理解GMAT考试。
更多关于GMAT备考经验的介绍，小编会为大家不断呈现，最后祝愿大家都能考出好成绩，早日梦圆名校。