燕大研究生英语试卷
燕山大学2013英语复试真题
燕山大学2013英语复试真题1. Word had come from the manager ______a new transaction would be concluded.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. when2. There was a traffic jam , but she _____get to the destination in time.A. couldB. mightC. ought toD. was able to3.”Do you think ______I should?”she asked me.A. thatB. whetherC. ifD. when4. Their room was on the floor, its window ____the sports ground.A. overlooksB. overlookingC. overlookedD. to overlook5. On no account ______to anyone who works in the company.A. my name must be mentionedB. my name must mentionC. must my name be mentionedD. must my name mention6. Jim knows little of mathematics, _____of chemistry.A. and still lessB. as well asC. no less thanD. and still more7. The man denied _____any ting at the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.A. to have stolenB. to stealC. having stolenD. having been stealing8. Did he tell you what _____if he had a chance?A. was he going to doB. he would doC. he had doneD. he had to do9. The results were to ____yesterday , but we have heard nothing.A. revealB. have revealedC. be revealedD. have been revealed10.Calculations, which are astronomically exact , have been made ___with the use of computers.A. possibleB. it possibleC. possiblyD. to be possible11.The wind ______the clouds and the sun was again visible.A. dispersedB. distributedC. displacedD. displayed12.She admired the director to such an extent that she took his words as oracles.A. divineB. rebelliousC. faithfulD. unbearable13.The wreekage of the exploded car ___the traffic.A. interferedB. interpretedC. disruptedD. corrupted14.It was a close boxing game , but the boxer in blue was ___to be the Winner by three of the four referees.A.destinedB. deemedC. doomedD. adapted15.I’m acting as ____while the manager is away on business.A. agencyB. policyC. deputyD. colleague16.His ____personality provides good material for eritics .A. matureB. consideredC. literateD. dual17.The end ____the means , This saying implies even a wrong or unfair Method may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good. A.modifies B. justifiesC. purifiesD. testifies18.The ___of Confucius built the temple in memory of their ancestor.A. descendantsB. predecessorsC. correspondentsD. opponents19.The chancellor _____the fact that he was the centre of criticism and Stuck to his reforms.A.dischargedB. disregardedC. disguisedD. disposed20.It was courageous enough for Galileo to _____the falling objecttheory developed by Aristotle , the authoritative Greek scientist.A. advanceB. defyC. justifyD. translate21.His debts had to be ____after he committed suicide with his rifle.A. laid offB. written offC. turned offD. put off22.The gentleman ____a cherub with his letter.A. combinedB. includedC. keptD. enclosed23.At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide ____of topics they were interested in.A. extentB. numberC. collectionD. range24.His____has changed but he has kept the fine qualities of a scientific researcher.A. sayB. statusC. stationD. statue25.She can speak French and Germam , to ___nothing of English.A. sayB. speakC. talkD. tell26.If you play with electricity ,you may get an electric ____A. strikeB. beatC. shockD. knock27.It was a wonderful play with a ___of over fifty actors andactresses.A. listB. groupC. bunchD. herd28.A___change in policy is needed If relations are ever to improve.A. strictB. wideC. everD. radical29.Please give my best ___to your family.A. noticeB. attentionC. regardsD. cares30.They bought the land with a ___to build a new office block.A. purposeB. viewC. goalD. reason。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：30
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you ______ you need.问题1选项A.all of informationB.all of the information’sC.all the informationD.all the information’s【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词用法。
句意：你可以在任何书店买到这些书，它们会给你所需要的所有信息。
根据语境，这里特指“你所需要的信息”，information前面应该加定冠词the，C选项all the information符合题意。
all the information相当于all of the information，A选项all of information 缺定冠词；B选项all of the information’s和D选项all the information’s中不需要名词所有格。
因此C选项正确。
2.单选题The ______ of Confucius built the temple in memory of their ancestor.问题1选项A.descendantsB.predecessorsC.correspondentsD.opponents【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项descendants“后代，晚辈”；B选项predecessors“前任；前一代”；C选项correspondents“通讯员”；D选项oppo nents“对手”。
句意：孔子的______建造这座庙来纪念他们的祖先。
根据语境，在这里孔子的后代纪念孔子比较合理，A选项descendants“后代，晚辈”符合题意。
因此A选项正确。
[考研类试卷]2013年燕山大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2013年燕山大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 UNCED2 ROI3 UNFPA4 LDCs5 CNPC6 ASEAN7 food security8 endowment insurance9 traffic performance index10 advertising slot11 mutation in gene12 hunger-marketing strategy13 Skopostheory14 translation brief15 intra-textual coherence汉译英16 购买力17 师德18 民生19 数字化进程20 经济法制化21 优惠的税收政策22 社会知识化23 政治体制改革24 机构臃肿25 医德医风26 文化逆差27 温饱工程28 再就业工程29 反腐倡廉30 生态环境恶化英译汉31 The therapeutic benefits of laughter are widely known, however, and this is intriguing from the standpoint of basic science. Laughter is one of the most fundamental components of human behavior, transcending all age and cultural boundaries. It produces a hit of pure, direct pleasure. Yet scientists still do not understand what is happening in the brain to give such a positive feeling.Laughter breaks all the rules of survival. It uses up energy, makes predator-attracting noise and serves no obvious function in terms of gaining nourishment, accomplishing reproduction, or protecting from danger; yet it appears to be as natural as breathing. Sofundamental is it, in fact, that people in all societies spend time—and often money—engineering themselves into situations where laughter is likely. It must be there for a reason.From psychological, zoological, medical and neuro-scientific standpoints, then, laughter should be at the top of the scientific research list. As a medicine it would be cheap and side-effect free; it ought to be promoted.But would scientific enquiry rob laughter of its quintessential merit, the elusive "feel-good factor"? There is no reason why this should be so. True, analyzing subjective conscious experience is one of the biggest and hardest questions facing those working on the brain, and laughter and pure fun are perhaps the hardest aspects of consciousness to come to grips with.32 But each time you recover that hallowed self-esteem, you renew a fight to maintain it. Each time you go to a job interview and give them your best and they hire someone else, you go another round with yourself and your self-esteem. Your unemployment seems to drag on beyond all justification. You start to glimpse a stranger in your rearview mirror. The stranger suddenly looks like a bum. You look at her with clinical curiosity. Hmmm. Obviously into the chronic stages, definitely not employable.We unemployed share a social stigma similar to that of the rape victim. Whether consciously or subconsciously, much of the work-ethic-driven public feels that you have somehow "asked for it, " secretly wanted to lose your job and "flirted" with unemployment through your attitude.(127 words)(30 points)-------From How it feels to be out of work?汉译英33 中华民族文化历史悠久，起源很早，内容极为丰富，是东方文明的主要组成部分。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：48
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He ______ to his roommate for being so rude yesterday.问题1选项A.apologizedB.dissolvedC.worriedD.doubted【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项apologized“道歉”；B选项dissolved“溶解；解散（(组织或机构)”；C选项worried“担心”；D选项doubted“怀疑”。
句意：他昨天太粗鲁了，所以向室友______。
根据语境，因为粗鲁而道歉比较合理，A选项apologized“道歉”符合题意。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题A ______ change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve.问题1选项A.strictB.wideC.everD.radical 【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。
A选项strict“严格的”；B选项wide“广阔的”；C选项ever“永远”，副词，不修饰名词；D选项radical“彻底的”。
句意：要想改善两国关系，就必须______改变政策。
根据语境，D选项radical“彻底的”搭配change比较合理，指的是要改变关系就要在政策上改变。
因此D选项正确。
3.单选题His debts had to be ______ after he committed suicide with his rifle.问题1选项id offB.written offC.turned offD.put off【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。
A选项laid off“下岗，解雇”；B选项written off“一笔勾销；注销”；C选项turned off“关闭”；D选项put off“推迟”。
(NEW)燕山大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
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目 录2011年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年燕山大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30 points)1．UNFAO【答案】联合国粮食及农业组织（United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization）2．UPI【答案】合众国际社（United Press International）3．IOC【答案】国际奥林匹克委员会（International Olympic Committee）4．CIA【答案】中央情报局（Central Intelligence Agency）5．UNGA【答案】联合国大会（the United Nations General Assembly）6．GDP【答案】国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product）7．WHO【答案】世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）8．Federal Reserve System【答案】联邦储备系统 9．aging society【答案】老龄化社会10．trade deficit【答案】贸易逆差；贸易赤字11．junk bond【答案】垃圾债券；价格低但风险大的债券12．the United States Secretary of Labor【答案】美国劳工部长13．the Engel’s Coefficient【答案】恩格尔系数14．Boxing Day【答案】节礼日；圣诞节后的第一个工作日15．La Nina phenomenon【答案】拉尼娜现象16．公务员【答案】civil servant17．恶性循环【答案】vicious circle18．安定团结【答案】stability and unity19．综合国力【答案】Comprehensive National Power20．流行文化【答案】popular culture21．旅游黄金周【答案】golden week for tourism22．天道酬勤【答案】God help those who help themselves. 23．经济全球化【答案】economic globalization24．资源配置【答案】allocation of resources25．《中庸》【答案】The Doctrine of Mean26．扬长避短【答案】to enhance advantage and avoid disadvantage 27．外向型经济【答案】export-oriented economy28．科学发展观【答案】scientific development concept29．和为贵【答案】Harmony is to be prized.30．留得靑山在，不怕没柴烧。
燕山大学英语复习题答案
燕山大学英语复习题答案一、词汇题（每题1分，共10分）1. The word "abandon" means ______.A) to leave something behindB) to pick up somethingC) to keep somethingD) to use something答案：A2. Which of the following is a synonym for "fear"?A) courageB) anxietyC) happinessD) anger答案：B3. The past tense of "build" is ______.A) builtB) buildingC) buildsD) builded答案：A4. The opposite of "expand" is ______.A) contractB) enlargeC) extendD) shrink答案：D5. "Agreeable" is closest in meaning to ______.A) pleasantB) unpleasantC) neutralD) indifferent答案：A6. What does "comprehensive" mean?A) incompleteB) limitedC) thoroughD) superficial答案：C7. The word "elaborate" is an antonym for ______.A) simpleB) complexC) basicD) detailed答案：A8. "Inevitable" is the opposite of ______.A) avoidableB) preventableC) possibleD) probable答案：A9. "Negotiate" means ______.A) to discuss termsB) to refuseC) to ignoreD) to accept答案：A10. The adjective form of "create" is ______.A) creativeB) creativityC) creationD) creator答案：A二、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：42
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题There are ______ approaches to English teaching Hut not all of them are equally efficient for our Chinese students.问题1选项A.originateB.diverseC.doubleD.joint【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。
A选项originate“起源；创建”；B选项diverse“多种多样的”；C选项double“两倍的；成双的；双人的”；D选项joint“联合的”。
句意：英语教学的方法______，但并不是所有的方法对我们的中国学生都同样有效。
根据不是所有的方法都有效，可知有很多种方法，B 选项diverse“多种多样的”符合题意。
因此B选项正确。
2.单选题Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”. Before the nineteenth century scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay under the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineer had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly ________.2. It was ________ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.3. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was ________.4. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means ________.5. This passage is mainly about ________.问题1选项A.for business considerationsB.for investigating the depths of the oceansC.for oceanographic studiesD.for military purposes问题2选项A.those who earned a living from the seaB.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cableC.the American NavyD.some early intercontinental travelers问题3选项A.to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeB.to measure the depths of two oceansC.to make some sound experiments in the oceansD.to collect samples of sea plants and animals问题4选项A.“challenged”B.“agreed to”C.“doubted”D.“gave proof to”问题5选项A.the Investigation of ocean depthsB.the early intercontinental communicationsC.the beginnings of oceanographyD.the laying of the first undersea cable【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：32
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题______, the more severe the winters are.问题1选项A.The more you go northB.The farther north you goC.The more north you goD.The farther you go the north【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查比较级。
A选项The more you go north“去北方的次数越多”；B选项The farther north you go“越往北走”；C选项The more north you go语法错误，more和north不放一起；D选项The farther you go the north应该是go to the north。
句意：______，冬天的寒气越重。
结合语境，B选项The farther north you go“越往北走”符合题意。
因此B选项正确。
2.单选题You have your choice of three ______ of ice cream.问题1选项A.varietiesB.topsC.respectsD.decks【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项varieties“（同一事物的）不同种类；品种”；B选项tops“顶端；表面”；C选项respects“（事物的）方面，细节”；D选项decks“（船或公共汽车的）一层”。
句意：你有三______冰淇淋供你选择。
根据语境，这里指的是有三种不同的冰淇淋，A选项varieties“（同一事物的）不同种类”符合题意。
因此A选项正确。
3.单选题That is a ______ point of view. I don’t agree with you.问题1选项A.crystalB.proteinC.unionD.conservative【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：66
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题She knows a lot of young men, but it isn’t easy to choose a/an ______ one who is both rich and attractive.问题1选项A.eligibleB.elegantC.diligentD.qualified【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项eligible“（指认为可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合适的；具备条件的”；B选项elegant“优雅的；精美的”；C选项diligent“勤勉的”；D选项qualified“有文凭的；有限度的，有保留的”。
句意：她认识很多年轻人，但要选择一个既有钱又有魅力的______却不容易。
根据语境，这里指即使这么多优秀的人，选一个合心意的也不容易。
A选项eligible“（指认为可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合适的”符合题意。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题My mother came here only for a ______ stay. She would fly to Los Angeles the next day.问题1选项A.prematureB.transientC.shortenedD.prolonged【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项premature“草率的；提早的”；B选项transient“短暂的”；C选项shortened“缩短的”；D选项prolonged“长期的”。
句意：我母亲来这里______停留。
第二天她将飞往洛杉矶。
根据第二天就要走，可知这里指的是短暂停留，B选项transient“短暂的”符合题意。
因此B选项正确。
3.单选题She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it ______ enough to eat.问题1选项dB.slightC.lightD.tender【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷13
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题“Do you think ______ I should attend the lecture?” she asked me.问题1选项A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查宾语从句。
句意：“你认为我应该去听讲座吗？”她问我。
I should attend the lecture作think的宾语从句，引导词用that，A选项that符合题意。
B选项whether和C选项if“是否”词义和前面疑问词do重复；如果要用D选项when，就要改成when do you think。
因此A选项正确。
2.翻译题Parents of wailing babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents’ legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents’ attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.(1) Someday, that answe r may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. “It may point researchers in the right direction to find the causes of excessive crying,” said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disney’s Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes. Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. (2) But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. (3) Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements.Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment.The babies of rhesus macaque monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies’ distress calls, s ince most turn out to be false alarms.“Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries,” said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago, (4) “But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses.”Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. “Chimps can cry for a long time if somethi ng terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop,” Bard said. “I’ve never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable.”Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. “All primate infants cry,” Maestripieri said. (5) “It’s a very conserved behavior. It’s not something humans have evolved on their own.”【答案】1. 有一天，也许这个答案会解开人类婴儿哭泣之谜。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：20
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I certainly didn’t intend to ______ your plans.问题1选项A.upsetB.shakeC.shaveD.drag【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。
A选项upset“打乱；打翻”；B选项shake“摇动，抖动”；C选项shave“剃毛”；D选项drag“（使劲而吃力地）拖”。
句意：我当然不想______你的计划。
根据语境，这里指的是不想妨碍计划，A选项upset“打乱”符合题意。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ______ too long.问题1选项A.has been readingB.had readC.is readingD.read 【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。
句意：她应该停止工作；她因为看书太久而头痛。
现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，或者刚刚终止。
根据前半句她应该停止工作可知看书的动作从过去持续到现在，可能要继续下去，确定用现在完成进行时，A选项has been reading 符合题意。
B选项had read是过去完成时，动作发生在过去的过去，侧重事情的结果；C选项is reading 是正在进行时，动作正在发生；D选项read是一般现在时或一般过去时。
因此A选项正确。
3.单选题She cast her eyes round the room in ______ of a chair to sit in.问题1选项A.demandB.requirementC.questionD.quest【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。
A选项demand“要求；需求”，in demand of非固定搭配，demand for sth.“要求某物”；B选项requiremen t“必需品；必备条件”；C选项question“疑问；议题；困惑”；D选项quest“探索，寻找”，in quest of sth.“寻找/探索某事物”。
燕山大学考研英语-翻译专项试题
燕山大学考研英语-翻译专项试题一、考研英语翻译英译汉1． As you have done the market survey, I would like to discuss with you the possibility of selling our products in the US.A) 因为美国产品有市场，所以我们要研究开发我们产品的可能性。
B) 因为你有市场资料，所以我希望与你讨论美国产品的销售情况。
C) 你已经作了市场调查，所以我想和你讨论在美国销售我们产品的可能性。
D) 你已了解了市场，因此我希望能与你商讨在美国开发我们产品的可能性。
【答案】C2． With all its disadvantages, the new design they have submitted should still be considered as one of the best at present.A) 尽管他们提交的这个新设计有种种不足，但仍应视为目前最佳设计之一。
B) 尽管有许多不利因素，他们做出的新设计仍然被视为目前最佳设计之一。
C) 如果没有这些缺陷，他们的新设计就应该被视为迄今为止最佳的一种设计。
D) 如果没有这么多不利因素，他们的新设计就应该作为目前最佳的一个方案。
【答案】A3． Women would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke.A) 妇女在家里吸烟长达410年或更长时间，她们患肺癌的痛苦就会加倍。
B) 家庭妇女接触油烟，她们患肺癌的痛苦就会加倍。
C) 妇女在家里吸烟的时间，她们患肺癌的危险就会加倍。
D) 妇女在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长时间，她们患肺癌的风险就会加倍。
专业英语试题.doc
研究生专业英语考试试题(2012)一、将下列句子翻译成英文(1)直接用激光标刻标识刀具的工作过程如图2所示：首先对刀具信息进行编码，形成二维条码，然后通过激光标刻机，在刀具表面形成一定深度的永久性条码图象，这些条码图象经过条码识别设备进行扫描和解码处理，得到的数据通过串口(Rs232或USB)输出到计算机上保存。
条码识别设备采集的数据也可以直接集成到其它应用系统，如刀具管理系统，实现刀具数据的动态更新。
图2为刀具直接激光标刻工作过程示意图。
图3是刀具上直接标刻的条码示例。
(2)由仿真结果可见，本文的控制方法对抑制转子振动比较有效，相比于开环情形，在控制器作用下，转子的不平衡响应迅速减小，过渡吋间短，仅约为儿个毫秒，而z、y方向的振动幅值减小了约90%,仅在偏离期望位置一个较小的范围内涡动。
这充分说明，经过预辨识的非线性离散模型式(16)、式(17)12能较好地逼近实际系统，对于本例中的小位移情形，系统响应特性表现的较好；但值得指出的是，对于大位移情形，由于节流器上下限参数的限制，在控制作用施加的过渡期系统会表现出较人的过渡或振荡，与图5的曲线会存在较大弟异。
二、将下列短文翻译成中文Dragging a tool across a textured object creates rich high-frequency vibrations that distinctly convey the physical interaction between the tool tip and the object surface. Varying one's scanning speed and normal force alters these vibrations, but it does not change the perceived identity of the tool or the surface. Previous research developed a promising data-driven approach to embedding this natural complexity in a haptic virtual environment: the approach centers on recording and modeling the tool contact accelerations that occur during real texture interactions at a limited set of force-speed combinations. This paper aims to optimize these prior methods of texture modeling and rendering to improve system performance and enable potentially higher levels of haptic realism. The key elements of our approach are drawn from time series analysis, speech processing, and discrete-time control. We represent each recorded texture vibration with a low-order auto-regressive moving・average (ARMA) model, and we optimize this set of models for a specific tool-surface pairing (plastic stylus and textured ABS plastic)using metrics that depend on spectral match, final prediction error, and model order. For rendering, we stably resample the texture models at the desired output rate, and we derive a new texture model at each time step using bilinear interpolation on the line spectral frequencies of the resampled models adjacent to the user's current force and speed. These refined processes enable our TexturePad system to generate a stable and spectrally accurate vibration waveform in real time, moving us closer to the goal of virtual textures that are indistinguishable from their real counterparts・三、阅读下列短文，翻译划线句子，并写出摘要(300词以内)During sheet metal forming, the material undergoes complex strain paths involving large plastic strains. The combination of several simple loading test sequences is known to be an effective way to investigate the plastic behavior of sheet metals under such real-forming conditions. The mechanical behavior of low-carbon steels understrain-path changes has been repeatedly studied in the literature. (1) A temporary stagnation of the work・hardening rate was observed under Bauschinger sequences, whereas a strong hardening followed by softening and again hardening was found to be typical of orthogonal tensilc/shear and shear/shear defonnation sequences・ TheTEM(transmission electron microscopy) observations showed the differences in dislocation structure evolution taking place during Bauschinger and orthogonalstrain-path changes. (2) Thus, the work・hardening stagnation was shown to be associated with the partial disintegration of dislocation sheets, whereas the stress decrease at the beginning of the second path during crossJoading has been associated with the intragranular localization of the defonnation in microbands. However, these microstructure investigations were focused mainly upon morphological peculiarities, dislocation density and arrangement, whereas influence of the initial ordeformation-induced grain orientation on the microstructure evolution under strain-path changes has scarcely been considered・ On the other hand, in view of the already proved difference in microstructure evolution displayed by grains of differentorientations after monotonic loading, this kind of information is considered essential for a better understanding of the deformation mechanisms taking place under strain-path changes・A detailed analysis of the texture evolution in low-carbon steel sheets during Bauschinger and orthogonal-shear sequences was performed in References 8 and 9. In particular, it has been shown that the grain orientation (geometrical factor) may have a significant influence on the experimental work-hardening characteristics・ Both micro structural (associated with dislocation arrangement and density) and texture contributions had to be taken into account in order to completely explain the observed shapes of the stress-strain curves after strain-path changes・(3) Notwithstanding, these contributions can hardly be considered as two independent factors because the texture evolution is strongly influenced by the heterogeneity of plastic deformation, whereas micro structural changes are in turn expected to depend on the initial and deformation・induced grain orientations. That is why a simultaneous examination of the microstructure and texture evolution should be performed, in order to achieve a more comprehensive explanation of the mechanical behavior under complex strain-path changes・(4) The present article presents a systematic investigation of TEM microstructure evolution in a low・carbon Ti・killed interstitialfree (IF) steel in connection with the crystallographic grain orientation under various simple・sheai7simple shear and uniaxial・tension/simple・shear sequences・ In what follows, the performed mechanical tests are summarized in Section II, and the texture evolution measured during the various strain paths is presented in Section III and subsequently analyzed with the aid of a Taylor model that has been developed for the simulation of texture evolution during cold deformation. The various observed microstructures are described in Section IV and classified as a function of the grain orientation path predicted with the aid of the Taylor model in Section V. All these results are discussed in the context of the inter-relation between the microstructure and texture evolution and of their joint influence on the mechanical behavior・。
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Passage Three 16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of modern transportation? A. It moves people and materials as rapidly as possible. B. It enables you to get to another country in less than a day. C. It delivers products from all points of the globe to your local supermarket. D. It makes it possible for you to live your life anywhere in the world. 17. What will be the result when the pollution level gets high? A. It will. make people feel sorry for the corrosion of historical building. 燕 B. It will make people’s eye water. 山 C. It will cause people to have serious lung diseases. 大 D. It will. force people to leave the place. 学 试 18. What is the way to reduce the danger in transporting people and products? 卷 A. To make use of mass transit. B. To decrease the speed of vehicles. C. To decrease the number of people in vehicles. D. To increase the number of people on commuter trains up to 100. 19. What is one of the drastic measures taken in some cities? A. Special lanes can only be used by full cars or buses. B. People have to take mass transit. C. People are encouraged to drive to a train station. D. Cars are banned from cities. 20. What restrictions are being considered concerning the use of private cars？ A. Owners of private cars should pay for environmental damage. 密 B. Private cars are to be banned from the center of the city. 封 C. Unlimited use of private cars is to be restricted. 线 D. Only ten thousands cars are to be allowed to enter the center of the city.
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班级 考试科目
姓名
共 6 页 第 1 页
C. The woman’s class was allowed to leave ahead of time D. The woman wasn’t with the others. 7. A. She’s grateful that he got her the magazine. B. She appreciates his looking for the magazine. C. She’s annoyed he didn’t find the magazine. D. She’ll look for the magazine another day. 8. A. He didn’t know how to begin to write a play. B. He hasn’t liked the play very much in the past. C. He didn’t want to talk about it right away. D. He wasn’t sure what the first part was about. 9. A. Anyone can do it. B. No can do it. C. Bob can probably do it. D. Bob probably shouldn’t do it.
Part II Vocabulary (10 points)
Section A (0.5 point each)
Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 21. Donald, one of our neighbors, undertook to instruct us in the art of woodcarving. A. allot…into B. sink…into C. dwindle…into D. initiate…into 22. His latest CD gives us a thoughtful and spiritual interpretation of the music. A. inward B. poignant C. sinewy D. implicit 23. Wetlands play a crucial role in the environmental cycle. They provide important wildlife habitat, can prevent flooding, and help clean polluted water through natural filtering processes.
题号 分数
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Final-Term Examination Paper for Postgraduates (A 卷)
燕 山 大 学 试 卷来自座位号JAN1308
试卷一
（请把本卷答案涂在机读答题卡上，并注意填涂姓名、学号及试卷类别）
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points)
Section B (1 point each)
Directions: In this part, you’ll hear three short passages. After you have heard the passages and questions, choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letters(A, B, C, or D). Passage 1 10. A. A sixteenth-century masterpiece. B. A seventeenth-century masterpiece. C. A sixth-century masterpiece. D. A seventh-century masterpiece. 11. A. Because he was killed. B. Because he was knocked out. C. Because he was asleep. D. Because he was tied up. 12. A. He can run now. B. He is still unconscious. C. He is able to get around. D. He lost a liver and a kidney from the operation. Passage 2 13. A. A botanist. B. An archaeologist. C. A sailor. D. An astronaut. 14. A. In a wrecked ship. B. In fresh water. C. In a museum. D. In an ancient tomb. 15. A. Because the seeds have been in salt water. B. Because the seeds have been in fresh air. C. Because the seeds were in an environment where there was air and fresh water. D. Because the seeds were in an environment where there was no air and salt water.
学号
Section A (1 point each)
Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a third voice will ask a question about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter(A, B, C, or D). 1. A. He will talk to Bill. B. He agrees with the woman. C. Bill is always like that. D. The woman should be happy. 2. A. The woman can read the magazine on the train. B. The woman left the magazine in the waiting room. C. There’s no time to buy a magazine. D. They don’t have to pay for the magazine. 3. A. Judy came to the party. B. Judy planned the party. C. Judy hasn’t appeared yet. D. Judy hasn’t any imagination. 4. A. He’s carrying too many televisions. B. He’s very busy. C. He hurt his hand. D. He lost his tools. 5. A. Laura really needs a full-time job. B. Laura already has a job working for the school. C. Laura needs to spend her time studying. D. Laura should think about becoming a teacher. 6. A. The class usually begins at three. B. Professor Smith didn’t have class today.