A New Approach to Modification of Rearrangements in Metallorganic Chemistry of Phosphorus,
科技类词汇
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY科技SECTION I: 英译中2D (Two dimensional graphics images and animated images) 平面3D (Three dimensional graphics images and animated images) 三维3D Rendering 三维渲染aerial top dressing 空中施肥advanced technology先进技术analog electronic technology 模拟电子技术animation n.动画片AOL (America Online) 美国在线Apple Corporation 苹果公司artificial intelligence (AI)n. 人工智能[详析] A field of science that has attempted to improve computers by trying to incorporate characteristics of human intelligence, such as the ability to understand natural language and to perform reasoning under certain conditions of uncertainty. artificial life (AL or Alife) n.人工生命New discipline that studies "natural" life by attempting to recreate biological phenomena from scratch within computers and other "artificial" media. Alife complements the traditional analytic approach of traditional biology with a synthetic approach in which, rather than studying biological phenomena by taking apart living organisms to see how they work, one attempts to put together systems that behave like living organisms. ASCII (A merican S tandard C ode for I nformation I nterchange computer character set)美国信息交换标准码ATM (A utomatic T eller M achines) 自动柜员机audio card n. 声卡audio conference n. 音频会议; 电话会议Biotechnology n.生物工程Application which involves the deliberate manipulation of the DNA molecules, the substance within cells that carries the "recipe" for the organism and is inherited by offspring from parents.B2B and B2C 企业对企业（商家对商家），及企业对消费者的电子商务bandwidth 带宽bar codes n.条形码[详析]Alternate standards for marking products or other items for reading by laser beamsBBS (B ulletin B oard S ystems) 公告板系统，论坛bookmark n. 电子书签browser n. 浏览器bullet train n. 子弹头列车cache memory n.高速缓冲存储器caller ID display 来电显示camcorder n.便携式摄像机CD Burning 光盘刻录CDMA/TDMA 码分多址(一种扩频多址数字式通信技术)[详析]C ode D ivision M ultiple A ccess and T ime D ivision M ultiple A ccess dual-mode cellular telephones that aid in the receiving of fax and computer network data on computers and PDAs.CD-RW or CD-Rewritable 可重刻chat lines or chat rooms n.聊天室CPU (C entral P rocessing U nit) n. 中央处理器cyberspace n. 电脑空间conductor n.导体convection n. 对流cortex n. 大脑皮层cryonics n.人体冷冻法a branch of science that aims to develop reversible suspended animation. cutting-edge n. 优势；前沿，极其重要的状态或位置database n. 数据库desktop videoconferencing n.（桌面）视频会议dial-up connection n. 拨号连接Digital Video (DV) / Camcorder n.数码摄像机distance education (DE)n. 远程教育E–Learning (or Web-based training)n. 电子学习encryption n.加密firewall n. 防火墙Flash由macromedia公司推出的交互式矢量图和Web 动画的标准frontier science and technology 科技发展前沿FTP (F ile T ransfer P rotocol used for downloading files on the Internet) 文件传输协议genetic engineering n. 遗传工程[详析] the process of transferring DNA from one organism into another that results in a genetic modification; the production of a transgenic organism hacker (phreaker) n. 黑客，骇客hard drive n. 硬盘驱动器hemisphere [ ] n.大脑半球high scientific and technological content科技含量高home page n. 主页insulator n. 绝缘体interactive television (ITV)n. 互动电视IBM= I nternational B usiness M achines Corporation 美国国际商用机器公司internet surfing n. 网上冲浪internet n. 互联网intranet n. 局域网ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织joystick (电脑游戏等) 操纵杆[详析]A remote control device that can be used in place of a keyboard or a mouse to allow for interactions between a computer and its user. Joysticks are commonly used for computer games and usually connect through a serial port.jukebox n. 自动点唱机Kiosk n.多功能信息商亭[详析]A multimedia display system such as those used in marketing displays at conferences and in storesLCD (L iquid C rystal D isplay) 液晶显示器Mac (Macintosh) n. 苹果机maglev train (magnetic levitation train)n. 磁悬浮manned spaceflight n. 载人航天飞行MD (minidisk) n. 小型磁盘MIDI (M usical I nstrument D igital I nterface) n. 迷笛，数码音乐microcircuit n. 微电路modem n.‘猫’，调制解调器multimedia n.多媒体[详析]The ability to combine audio, visual, and possibly other types of hardware into a presentationmolecular science n. 分子科学natural sciences n. 自然科学nerd [ ]n. 不善社交、专心致志搞科研或精于科研的人；书呆子[详析] A person with no social skills, usually obsessed with science or technology (geek is more computer specific). Nerds are known for their pocket protectors, taped glasses, and plaid shirts. Many nerds are also geeks, using the net as a safe screen to hide behind while practicing their social skills.neuron n. 神经元new and high technology industries n. 高新技术产业notebook computer n.笔记本电脑Omega point n. 欧米伽点[详析] a possible future state when intelligence controls the universe totally, and the amount of information processed and stored goes asymptotically towards infinity. P2P (Peer to P eer Networking) n. 对等网络PC (P ersonal C omputer) n. 个人电脑PDA (P ersonal D igital A ssistant) n. 个人数字助理，掌上电脑Pentium 奔腾, Intel公司生产的CPU芯片Plug and play 即插即用Plug-in n.插件PPP (PowerPoint presentation) PowerPoint幻灯片讲座plastic beauty n. 人造美女plastic surgery n. 整形手术posthuman n. 后人类[详析] self-programming, self-constituting, potentially immortal, unlimited individuals of unprecedented physical, intellectual, and psychological powers.pseudo-science n. 伪科学RAM (R andom A ccess M emory) n. 随机存贮器，内存remote control v./n. 遥控robotics n. 机器人技术[详析] the engineering field that builds machine with the cognitive abilities necessary to interact with the real, physical world.research achievements n. 科技成果research institutions n.科研院所semi-conductor n. 半导体soil and pasture management n. 土壤和草场管理streaming media n.流媒体synchronous adj. 同步scanner n. 扫描仪screen capturing n.截屏search engine n. 搜索引擎technological innovation n. 科技创新telecommunication n. 电迅teleconference 远程电信会议[详析] A telephone communication in which more than two people are simultaneously connected so they can exchange verbal comments as if they were in the same room having a face-to-face conference.touchscreen n. 触摸屏tablet computer n. 平板电脑tissue n. (生物) 组织URL (U niform R esource L ocator) 互联网上的信息资源定位系统ubiquitous computer n. 无处不在的网络[详析] also known as "embodied virtuality". Computers that are an integral, invisible part of people's lives. in some ways the opposite of virtual reality, in which the user is absorbed into the computational world.virtual community [ ]n. 虚拟社区[详析] a community of persons not located in close physical proximity but forming a cultural community across computer networks.VR -- virtual reality （artificial reality）n.虚拟现实[详析] the ultimate form of interaction between human and machine. In VR, everything you perceive is generated by a computer that responds to your movements with sights and sounds designed to make you think you are in another world.water conservancy [ ]水利webcasting n.网络广播live web casting n. 网络直播SECTION II: 中译英中国热门科技词汇科学发展观concept of scientific development全民科学文化素质scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people发展科技scientific and technological advancement科教兴国revitalize China through science and education农业技术agricultural technology白色农业white agriculture (microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture)超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice技术下乡spreading the application of science and technology in rural areas节水农业water-saving agriculture立体农业3-D agriculture农产品加工及转化the processing and commercialization of agro-products农业科技agro-science农作物良种seeds of high-quality crop农作物新品种选育the selection and breeding of new crops生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture无土栽培soil -less cultivationBP机, 传呼beeper, pager背投屏幕rear projection screen不明飞行物unidentified flying object (UFO)操作系统operating system产品科技含量technological element of a product创新innovation电话会议teleconference电话留言机answering machine对讲机talkie and walkie多媒体multimedia二期the second phase防抱死系统ABS (anti-lock braking system)孵化器incubator高产优质high yield and high quality高技术产业化apply high technology to production高科技板块high-tech sector高科技园high-tech park个人数字助理PDA (personal digital assistant)工业园区industrial park国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家重点实验室national key laboratories火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)计算机中央处理器central processing unit(CPU)技术产权technology property right技术交底confide a technological secret to someone.技术密集产品technology-intensive product交叉学科interdisciplinary branch of science科技成果转化为生产力transfer of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces 科技含量technology content科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force科技体制改革reform of the science and technology management system科技与经济脱节science and technology are out of line from the economy科教兴国rejuvenate the country through science and education可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development纳米nanometer三峡水利枢纽工程the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River物种起源origin of species新兴学科new branch of science研究成果research results在孵企业incubated enterprises自动取款机automatic teller machine (ATM)自然科学与社会科学的交叉融合integration of natural and social sciencesIT 信息技术信息港info port信息高地information highland信息高速公路information superhighway信息革命information revolution信息含量information content信息化informationization信息技术处理ITA – Information Technology Agreement信息检索information retrieval办公自动化OA (Office Automation)笔记本电脑laptop / notebook / portable computer电脑病毒computer virus电脑犯罪computer crime电子管理e-management电子货币e-currency电子商务e-business; e-commerce电子商务认证e-business certification电子邮件E-mail非对称数字用户环路ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop)高速宽带互联网high-speed broadband networks公告板BBS (bulletin board system)光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine广域网W AN (wide area net word)汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software黑客hacker计算机2000年问题Y2K problem计算机辅助教育CAI –computer assisted instruction计算机辅助设计CAD-computer assisted design计算机合成制造CAM-computer assisted manufacturing计算机中央处理器CPU – central processing unit超文本传送协议hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)界面interface金融电子化computerized financial services局域网LAN – local area network互联网服务提供商ISP (Internet Service Provider)全球移动通信系统( 全球通) global system for mobile communications (GSM) 刻录机CD burner宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks内联网、局域网(计算机) Intranet垃圾邮件junk mail千年问题、千年虫millennium bug; Y2K bug人工智能AI – artificial intelligence人机交互human - computer interaction人机交互human-computer interaction虚拟人visual human虚拟网virtual net虚拟网virtual net虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟银行virtual bank因特网服务提供商ISP- internet service provider万维网World Wide Web(WWW)应用软件internet applications域名domain在线on line掌上电脑palm computer政府上网工程Government Online Project只读存储器read-only-memory (ROM)智能感知技术perceptive technology智能终端intelligent terminal中文信息处理系统Chinese information processing system数码科技digital technology高保真Hi-Fi ( High Fidelity)高清晰度电视high definition TV (HDTV)光谷optical valley光通讯optical communication蓝光光盘Blue -ray Disc数码港cyber port数字地球digital globe数字蜂窝移动通信digital cellular mobile telecommunications三维电影three-dimensional movie三维动画three-dimensional animation[详析]“蓝光光盘”利用蓝色的激光束来刻录数据。
维修术语
维修术语（灯）不亮not come on 不可用not serviceable “工”型type I 不锈钢stainless steel APU 舱门APU bay door 部件partT 型件Tee extrusion 材料material阿罗钉alodine 参考reference安全带safety belt 餐板feed panel安装install 餐车diner安装座attach fitting 操纵control按钮button 操作检查operational按需要as required 槽spout凹槽notch 侧板sidewall凹坑dent 测量measure把手,扶手handle 测试test包皮cowl 插钉pin保护层coating 插头plug保险fuse 插座receptacle报废discard 拆下remove报告工程师report to engineer 长桁stringer杯子cup 超标out of limit比率转换器ratio changer 超标exceed the limit 壁橱closet 超过exceed边缘edge 超控手柄override handle 便于检查easily to inspect 彻底修理drastically repair变形deformation (n) 陈旧的worn变形deform (v) 衬板liner变压器transformer 衬套bush标牌placard 成型shaping标识sign 乘务员attendant标志instruction 尺寸size玻璃pane 充足的sufficient玻璃纤维fiberglass 冲水按钮flush button补片patch 冲洗flush补片filler 冲压ram冲压空气ram air 低压压气机LP-compressor 抽油defuel 底部bottom出口exit 底盘base除腐区reworked area 底漆primer厨房galley 底座（结构件） mounting厨房烤箱galley oven 底座（螺母）plate储物柜closet 底座（天线）base处理treatment 地板梁floor beam处理dispose 地面ground传感器sensor 地毯carpet传输transmission 第二层two layer垂直的vertical 点火电嘴ignitor存放处location 电路circuit错位migration 电门，开关switch搭地线jumper 电气electrical搭接处interface 电气接地ELEC bonding搭接片splice strap 电源通电power搭接片splice 电子avionics打磨blend out 电子架 E rack打磨片blent disk 电子架shelf打止裂孔drill stop hole 电阻elec resistance大翼wing 电阻resistance大于more than 垫片washer单向活门check-valve 吊仓nacelle弹簧片spring seal 吊点mount cone挡块retainer 调节adjust挡雨板fender 调整片tap导线wire 顶板ceiling灯light 顶部top灯泡bulb 顶部overhead灯泡lamp 定中弹簧decentering spring 灯箱light case 丢失miss灯罩light lens 堵盖plug登机门ENTRY DOOR 堵塞clog端头ending 腐蚀corrosion段section 腐蚀corrode断break 附件（大）accessary断开disconnect 附件（小）attach断裂fracture 附近adjacent to断裂的broken 复合complex断丝,磨损fray 副驾驶员做椅first offcer's seat 锻件forged part 副翼aileron多处numerous 改装modification发动机engine 盖cap翻新overhaul 杆rod反光镜mirror 钢丝steel方向舵rudder 钢索cable防冰管anti-ice duck 割除cut out防腐corrosion-inhibition 割断，割下cut off防静电static-free 隔板clapboard,partition防磨条wear strip 隔框bulkhead防滞antiskid 隔热棉insulation-blanket防撞灯anti-collision light 隔栅grille放extend 各有each has放电刷discharger 根据方案in according to disposition分层delamination 根据监控指令单condition monitor order…风层,脱胶delaminate 更换replace风挡windshield 工程师engineer风挡玻璃windscreen 功能测试functional test 风扇整流罩FAN COWL 功能检查functional风蚀erode 供应系统feed system 封严sealing 供油管OIL TUBE封严条seal 鼓轮drum蜂窝芯stagger core 鼓起bulge扶手armrest 固定secure扶手盖板armrest cover 固化harden辅助滑轨assistant track 固化剂hardener故障fault 划痕，划伤scratch刮伤scratch 划窝countersink挂attach 环氧树脂epoxy resin挂钩hook 恢复restore挂上hang up 活动窗slide window关上close 活门valve观察镜view glass 货舱cargo compt观察镜viewer 机构mechanism观察员observer 机身fuselage观察员observer 迹象mark光滑地smoothly 加强doubling滚轮roller 加强件stiffener过道aisle 加强块doubler过期expire 加强肋intercostal过热传感元件overheat sensing element 加强修理reinforcement海绵sponge 加温导线hot wire焊接weld 加油面板refuel panel焊条welding rod 加油站面板fueling station panel 恒速传动装置CSD case 夹子clip横梁latitudinal beam 驾驶舱cockpit横向lateral 间隙gap后端rear 减速板speedbreak后缘T/E 减压器reducer厚度thickness 减震器shock absorber呼叫灯call light 减震支柱shock strut护板protect strap 检查inspect护目镜goggles 检修门access door 护罩shroud 胶sealant花键spline 胶带tape滑轨track 胶垫mat滑轮pulley 胶垫圈rubber washer 滑丝cross thread 胶套rubber滑梯罩slide cover 胶纸tape滑油量oil lever 角材angler角型件angle shape 喇叭megaphone 脚登板pedal 拦网block铰链hinge 牢固性security接地点ground point 老化aged接耳lug 老化,退化deteriorate接通，提供supply 雷达罩radome接头fitting 肋rib接线管splice 离合器clutch接线片terminal lug 立柱pole结构的structural 例行routine金属屑metal particle 连杆link襟翼flap 连接attatch紧固件fastener 连接板attach plate 紧急出口exit 连接口coupling进气道inlet duct 连接销lockwire进气口inlet port 联锁interlock径向驱动轴radial drive shaft 裂crack静电，静压static 另一个another救生衣lifevest 龙骨梁keel beam咖啡壶coffee maker 滤网filter卡箍clamp 铝箔foil卡环collar 轮舱wheel well开口销cotter pin 轮子wheel靠背back panel 逻辑logic壳体case 螺钉screw可用available 螺钉孔screw hole客舱cabin 螺杆bolt空气循环隔栅air return grille 螺帽nut口port 螺套insert块piece 螺纹压伤cross threading 框架frame 马桶toilet垃圾箱dustbin 慢车IDLE拉紧pull 毛刺bur毛胚件rough 破损damage铆钉rivet 漆层coating门槛sill 其中之一one of门框door frame 启动活门start valve蒙皮skin 启动机starter密度density 起落架landing gear 密度计densitometer 气瓶cylinder面板panel 千层片shim面漆enamel 前厕所fwd lav模糊blur 前缘L/E模糊不清obscure 腔体cavity磨损wear 墙纸wallpaper目视visual 切口cutout内侧interior board 勤务面板service panel内层inner 轻度light尼龙搭扣nylon fastener 轻微slight尼龙扣nylon hook 清洁clean拧紧tighten 清洁剂cleaner扭力管torsional tube 区域zone扭曲kink 曲柄crank排row 去除深度remove depth排放drain 去毛刺deburr排水槽gutter 缺口nick排水管drain tube 群边skirt edge配平trim 燃油fuel喷漆paint 燃油泵fuel pump喷砂sand blast 扰流板spoiler皮带，片strap 热水器water boiler皮托管pitot 人工行程限制manual travel limit 偏航阻尼器yaw damper 日光灯daylight lamp平衡机构equalizer 软管，软护套hose平滑的，使平smooth 润滑剂lubricant滑平行balance 三段three section散装bulk 逃离滑梯escape slide刹车brake 天花板ceiling上表面upper surface 天线antenna上述above 填补fill深度depth 跳开关breaker渗漏leakage 凸轮cam升降舵elevator 图纸DWG绳rope 涂，粘贴apply失效inoperative 退漆strip paint湿安装wet installed 退色badly faded试车run up 托板pallet释压pressure-release 托板螺帽plate nut收retract 脱开disengage收发机tranceiver 外outer手柄towing lever 外侧outer board手册manual 完成complete手电torch 完成finish手工handwork 万向接头gimbal手提的portable 维护maintain手提灭火瓶extinguish bottle 尾部tail树脂resin 尾舱tail compartment 双倍double 尾喷管exhaust nozzle 水平安定面horizontal stabilizer 尾锥TAIL CONE撕裂tear 位置locate伺服servo 温度temp松动，松脱loose 涡杆jackscrew送修send to repair 涡杆worm bolt塑料plastic 涡轮turbine随动盖板hinge access door 污染物contamination锁lock 污物dirt锁定lockout 无线电高度表radio altimeter锁扣latch 稀释剂thinner锁销lockpin 铣mill系统system 溢出spill下部lower 翼尖tip下角LWR corner 翼间wing tip下位锁downlock 翼梁spar下陷concave 引进introduce下缘条chord 引孔make guiding hole 纤维板fibre board 引孔drill hole相关的relative 引气bleed相磨chafe 引气管bleed hose消音板accoustic panel 应急emergency销子pin 永久性修理permanence repair 楔形块wedge 用…填补fill it up with…信号灯annunciator 油封preservation行李架luggage-rack 油箱fuel tank行李箱stowage 游动梁walk beam修边reform 雨刮wiper修理repair 语音记录器voice recorder锈蚀rust 预冷器precooler循环cycle 预位ARM压紧gland 原厚度original thickness 压力通风系统plenum system 原来originally压条cover 阅读灯reading light严重的serious 允许损伤allowable damage 阳极化anodize 杂志袋literature container 氧气oxygen 载荷调整preload adjust氧气面罩oxygen mask 再循环recirculation液压HYD 在位be in place液压泵HYD PUMP 脏dirty液压管HYD duct 增压pressurization液压系统hydraulic system 增压泵boost pump液压油管组件TUBE ASSY 粘贴bond液压油箱hydraulic reservior 照明illuminate移到move to 遮阳板shade真空泵vacuum pump 自动刹车autobrake拯救salvation 自动油门auto thrust整流罩fairing 自锁螺帽jam nut整流锥spinner 自由移动move freely整形rework 总管manifold正常normal 纵梁longeron正常位置normal position 纵向longitudial正驾驶员座椅captain's seat 阻力支柱drag strut之间between 组件assembly,pack支撑架bracket 组件(电气) unit支撑座support mount 组件(机械) assy支架bracket 最薄min thickness支拄support 作动筒actuator止动固定块stop block 坐垫cushion止动块atopper 座椅seat指点信标marker beacon antenna 注意caution指示indication 转接器adapter制作fabricate 转弯灯runway turnoff light 中厕所mid lav 转向turn中间，中央center 装饰条trim strip周围around 准备prepare轴shaft 着陆灯landing light轴承bearing 自动关闭auto close主轮main wheel 助推机构扳机power assist triggerCategories of DefectCategories of defect depends on experience of maintenance practic e .In this manual, the defaultMethod used to categorize the defect found on the aircraft into fou r areas. Structure defect , Material defect, Common parts and Compo nents defect and General defect.缺陷分类缺陷的分类一般依照维修实践中的经验来分。
制造业专业英语词汇
一装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇Assembly line组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机Rivet gun拉钉枪Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子 worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具) pallet栈板barcode条形码barcode scanner条形码扫描仪fuse together熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME制造工程师MT制造生技cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝lbs.inch镑、英寸EMI gasket导电条front plate前板rear plate后板chassis |'∫æsi| 基座bezel panel 面板power button电源按键reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage swi t ch of SPS 电源电压接柆键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑料件SOP制造作业程序material check list物料检查表work cell工作间trolley台车carton纸箱sub-line支线left fork叉车personnel resource department人力资源部 production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备 uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |'plein |刨床miller铣床grinder磨床driller钻床linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager |'depjuti| =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理 to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装 to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台 Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布 to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skræpid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程 deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |' ksi'dei n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embeded lump|in'bed| |l mp|镶块一二feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车 compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板 bolt螺栓name of a department部门名称administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单screwdriver holder起子插座pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板hydraulic handjack油压板车forklift叉车pallet栈板glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指band-aid创可贴iudustrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台head of screwdriver起子头sweeper扫把mop拖把vaccum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋chain链条jack升降机production line流水线chain链条槽magnetizer加磁器lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地 to clean the floor扫地 to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool打包机packaging打包missing part漏件wrong part错件excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合规格dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小) cosmetic defect外观不良slipped screwhead/slippery screw head螺丝滑头slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread滑手speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉rust生锈deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excesssive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixed color杂色scratch划伤poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part事件不良fold of pakaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色water spots水渍polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露lack of painting烤漆不到位safety安全 quality品质delivery deadline交货期cost成本engineering工程die repair模修enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划QC品管die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备to start a press开机stop/switch off a press关机classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁culture教养qualified products, up-to-grade products良品waste废料二三defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品board看板feeder送料机sliding rack滑料架defective product box不良品箱 die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板carton box纸箱 to pull and stretch拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料 to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输(be)qualfied, up to grade合格 not up to grade, not qualified不合格material change, stock change材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation评估prepare for, make preparations for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速manufacture management制造管理abnormal handling异常处理production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量steel plate钢板roll material卷料manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over切换engineering, project difficul t y工程瓶颈stage die工程模automation自动化to stake, staking, reviting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油shut die架模shut height of a die架模高度analog-mode device类模器 die lifter举模器argon welding氩焊vocabulary for stamping冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & strainghtener整平机feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架 cylinder油缸robot机械手 taker取料机conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程inch寸动to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, locating piece, block stop 定位块reset复位smoothly顺利dent压痕scratch刮伤deformation变形 filings铁削to draw holes抽孔inquiry, search for查寻to stock, storage, in stock库存receive领取approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货to return delivenry to. to send delinery back to retrn of goods退货registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制to put forward and hand in提报safe stock安全库存acceptance = receive验收to notice通知application form for purchase请购单 consume, consumption消耗to fill in填写abrasion磨损reverse angle = chamfer倒角character die字模 to collect, to gather收集failure, trouble故障statistics统计demand and supply需求career card履历卡to take apart a die卸下模具 to load a die装上模具to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓 to looser a bolt拧松螺栓 to move away a die plate移走模板三四easily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件breaking. (be)broken,(be)cracked 断裂to lubricate润滑 common vocabulary for die engineering模具工程常用词汇die 模具figure file, chart file图档cutting die, blanking die冲裁模progressive die, follow (-on)die 连续模compound die复合模punched hole冲孔panel board镶块 to cutedges=side cut=side scrap切边 to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸Line streching, line pulling线拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印upsiding down edges翻边to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification设计变化die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board模板padding block垫块stepping bar垫条upper die base上模座lower die base下模座upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板spare dies模具备品spring 弹簧bolt螺栓document folder活页夹file folder资料夹to put file in order整理资料spare tools location手工备品仓first count初盘人first check初盘复棹人second count 复盘人second check复盘复核人equipment设备 waste materials废料work in progress product在制品casing = containerazation装箱quantity of physical invetory second count 复盘点数量quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查end-user/using uni t(department)使用单位summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department)本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部)Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号plate电镀mold成型material for engineering mold testing工程试模材料not included in physical inventory不列入盘点sample样品incoming material to be inspected进货待验description品名steel/rolled steel钢材material statistics sheet 物料统计明细表meeting minutes会议记录meeting type 会别distribution department分发单位location地点chairman主席present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheetPCE组装厂生产排配表model机钟work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认四五checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工 total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quanti t y帐面数量difference quanti t y差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product 半成品 packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品 warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板 tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线 cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜 D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条形码flow chart流程窗体assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate坐标dismantle the die折模五六auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机 degate打浇口 dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足 nick缺口speck瑕疪shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利 grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机 cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边 through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴ugular offset角度偏差veloci t y速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模gang dies复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸) draw hole抽孔bending折弯trim切边emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线blanking下料stamp letter冲字(料号) shearing剪断tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印冲压名称类extension dwg 展开图procedure dwg工程图 die structure dwg模具结构图material材质material thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格六七die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边gap间隙weight重量 total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量五金零件类inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves=spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套模板类top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模) feature di e公母模female die母模(凹模) upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板) stripping plate内外打(脱料板) outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板零件类punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件) deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子 bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location 定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing bolck衬套 cover plate盖板guide pad导料块塑件&模具相关英文七八compre sion molding压缩成型flash mold溢流式模具plsitive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具cavity型控母模core模心公模taper锥拔leather cloak仿皮革shiver饰纹flow mark流痕 welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝striper plate脱料板piston活塞cylinder汽缸套chip细碎物handle mold手持式模具移转成型用模具encapsulation molding低压封装成型射出成型用模具two plate两极式（模具）well type蓄料井insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道runner plat浇道模块valve gate阀门浇口band heater环带状的电热器spindle阀针spear head刨尖头slag well冷料井cold slag冷料渣air vent排气道h=0.02~0.05mm w=3.2mm L=3~5mm welding line熔合痕eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针sleave套筒stripper plate脱料板insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板guide pin导销eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧subzero深冷处理three plate三极式模具runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂orientation定向sprue gate射料浇口，直浇口nozzle射嘴sprue lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆) slag well冷料井side gate侧浇口 edge gate侧缘浇口tab gate搭接浇口film gate薄膜浇口flash gate闸门浇口slit gate缝隙浇口fan gate扇形浇口dish gate因盘形浇口H=F=1/2t~1/5t T=2.5~3.5mm diaphragm gate隔膜浇口ring gate环形浇口subarine gate潜入式浇口 tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口Φ0.8~1.0mm Runner less无浇道(sprue less)无射料管方式long nozzle延长喷嘴方式sprue浇口;溶渣品质人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点品质管制人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的品质管制人员OQC output quality control 最终出货品质管制人员IQC incoming quality control 进料品质管制人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理POC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 品质工程人员品质保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认八九TVR tool verification report 模具确认报告3B 3B 模具正式投产前确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability index of process 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality 合格供货商品质评估OOBA out of box audit 开箱检查QFD quality function deployment 品质机能展开FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析 8 disciplines 8项回复内容FA final audit 最后一次稽核CAR corrective action request 改正行动要求corrective action report 改正行动报告FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收品质水准S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE R eject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的AOQ Average Output Quality 平均出厂品质AOQL Average Output Quality Level 平均出厂品质Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 品质/可靠度服务MIL-STD Military-Standard 军用标准S I-S I V Special I-Special IV 特殊抽样水准等级P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 特采 AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 首件检查报告FPIR First Piece Inspection R eport 百万分之一PPM Percent Per Million 批号制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计品质管制R Range 全距 AR Averary Range 全距平均值UCL Upper Central Limit 管制上限LCL Lower Central Limit 管制下限MAX Maximum 最大值MIN Minimum 最小值GRR Gauge Reproducibility&Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径FREQ Frequency 频率N Number 样品数其它品质术语类QCC Quality Control Circle 品质圈QIT Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组PDCA Plan Do Check Action 计划执行检查总结ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 品质改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM Total Quality Management 全面品质管理MRB Material Reject Bill 退货单LQL Limiting Quality Level 最低品质水准RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可QAN Quality Amelionrate Notice 品质改善活动ADM Absolute Dimension Measuremat 全尺寸测量QT Quality Target 品质目标7QCTools 7 Quality Controll Tools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notes 工程变更通知(供货商) ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户) PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划九一○SIP Specification In Process 制程检验规格SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范 SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类QC Quality System 品质系统ES Engineering Standarization 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件H Huston (美国)休斯敦 C Compaq (美国)康伯公司C China 中国大陆 A Assembly 组装(厂) S Stamping 冲压(厂) P Painting 烤漆(厂) I Intel 英特尔公司 T TAI WAN 台湾IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格CMCS C-China M-Manufact C-Compaq S-Stamping Compaq产品在龙华冲压厂制造作业规范CQCA Q-Quality A-Assembly Compaq产品在龙华组装厂品管作业规范CQCP P-Painting Compaq产品在龙华烤漆厂品管作业规范部类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制ME Manafacture Engineering 制造工程部PE Project Engineering 产品工程部A/C Accountant Dept 会计部P/A Personal & Administration 人事行政部DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 品质工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 品质保证(处)QC Quality Control 品质管制(课)PD Product Department 生产部LAB Labratry 实验室IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部P Painting 烤漆(厂)A Asssembly 组装(厂)S Stamping 冲压(厂)生产类PCS Pieces 个(根,块等) PRS Pairs 双(对等) CTN Carton 卡通箱一○一一PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供货商)识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号其它OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造PCE Personal Computer Enclosure 个人计算机外设PC Personal Computer 个人计算机CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器SECC SECC` 电解片SGCC SGCC 热浸镀锌材料NHK North of Hongkong 中国大陆PRC People's Republic of China 中国大陆U.S.A the United States of America 美国A.S.A.P As Soon As Possible 尽可能快的E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件N/A Not Applicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量VS 以及REV R evision 版本JIT Just In Time 零库存I/O Input/Output 输入/输出OK Ok 好NG Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许ESD Electry-static Discharge 静电排放5S 希腊语整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,教养ATIN Attention 知会CC Carbon Copy 副本复印相关人员APP Approve 核准,认可,承认CHK Check 确认AM Ante Meridian 上午PM Post Meridian 下午CD Compact Disk 光盘CD-ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory 只读光盘FDD Floppy Disk Drive 软盘机HDD Hard Disk Drive 碟碟机REF Reference 仅供参考CONN Connector 连接器CAV Cavity 模穴CAD Computer Aid Design 计算器辅助设计ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装MAT'S Material 材料IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路T/P True Position 真位度 TYP Type 类型 WDR Weekly Delivery Requitement 周出货需求C?T Cycle Time 制程周期L/T Lead Time 前置时间(生产前准备时间) S/T Standard Time 标准时间P/M Product Market 产品市场3C Computer,Commumcation,Consumer electronic's 消费性电子5WIH When,Where,Who,What,Why,How to 5M Man,Machine,Material,Method,Measurement 4MIH Man,Materia,Money,Method,Time 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源)SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略品质保证DQA Desigh Quality Assurance 设计品质保证MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 制造品质保证SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 销售及服务品质保证LRR Lot R ejeet Rate 批退率BS Brain storming 脑力激荡EMI Electronic Magnetion Inspect 高磁测试FMI Frequency Modulatim Inspect 高频测试B/M Boar/Molding(flat cable) C/P Connector of PC A/P Assembly SPS Switching power supply 电源箱DT Desk Top 卧式(机箱) MT Mini-Tower 立式(机箱) DVD Digital Vedio Disk VCD Vdeio Compact Disk LCD Liquid Crystal Display CAD Computer AID Design CAM Computer AID Manufacturing CAE Computer AID Engineering ABIOS Achanced Basic in put/output system 先进的基本输入/输出系统CMOS Complemeruary Metoll Oxide Semiconductor 互补金属氧化物半导体PDA Personal Digital Assistant 个人数字助理IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路一一一二ISA Industry Standard Archi t ecture 工业标准体制结构MCA Micro Channel Archi t ecture 微信道结构EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 扩充的工业标准结构SIMM Single in-line memory module 单项导通汇流组件DIMM Dual in-line Memory Module 双项导通汇流组件LED Light-Emitting Diode 发光二级管FMEA Failure Mode Effectivenes 失效模式分析W/H Wire Harness 金属线绪束集组件F/C Flat Calle 排线PCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板CAR Correction Action R eport 改善报告NG Not Good 不良WPR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求PPM Parts Per Million 百万分之一TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生产保养MRP Material Requiremcnt Planning 物料需计划OC Operation System 操作系统TBA To Be Design 待定,定缺D/C Drawing Change P/P Plans & Procedune EMI Electrical-Music Industry 电子音乐工业RFI Read Frequency Input 读频输入MMC Maximum Material Condition MMS Maximum Material Size 模具技术用语各种模具常用成形方式accurate die casting 精密压铸powder forming 粉末成形calendaring molding 压延成形powder metal forging 粉末锻造cold chamber die casting 冷式压铸precision forging 精密锻造cold forging 冷锻press forging 冲锻compacting molding 粉末压出成形rocking die forging 摇动锻造 compound molding 复合成形rotary forging 回转锻造compression molding 压缩成形rotational molding 离心成形dip mold 浸渍成形rubber molding 橡胶成形encapsulation molding 注入成形sand mold casting 砂模铸造extrusion molding 挤出成形shell casting 壳模铸造foam forming 发泡成形sinter forging 烧结锻造forging roll 轧锻six sides forging 六面锻造gravity casting 重力铸造slush molding 凝塑成形hollow(blow) molding 中空(吹出)成形squeeze casting 高压铸造hot chamber die casting 热室压铸swaging 挤锻hot forging 热锻 transfer molding 转送成形injection molding 射出成形 warm forging 温锻investment casting 精密铸造matched die method 对模成形法laminating method 被覆淋膜成形low pressure casting 低压铸造lost wax casting 脱蜡铸造matched mould thermal forming 对模热成形模各式模具分类用语bismuth mold 铋铸模landed plunger mold 有肩柱塞式模具burnishing die 挤光模landed positive mold 有肩全压式模具button die 镶入式圆形凹模loading shoe mold 料套式模具center-gated mold 中心浇口式模具loose detail mold 活零件模具一二一三chill mold 冷硬用铸模loose mold 活动式模具clod hobbing 冷挤压制模louvering die 百叶窗冲切模composite dies 复合模具manifold die 分歧管模具counter punch 反凸模modular mold 组合式模具double stack mold 双层模具multi-cavity mold 多模穴模具electroformed mold 电铸成形模multi-gate mold 复式浇口模具expander die 扩径模offswt bending die 双折冷弯模具extrusion die 挤出模palletizing die 叠层模family mold 反套制品模具plaster mold 石膏模blank through dies 漏件式落料模porous mold 通气性模具duplicated cavi t y plate 复板模positive mold 全压式模具fantail die 扇尾形模具pressure die 压紧模fishtail die 鱼尾形模具profile die 轮廓模flash mold 溢料式模具progressive die 顺序模gypsum mold 石膏铸模protable mold 手提式模具hot-runner mold 热流道模具prototype mold 雏形试验模具ingot mold 钢锭模punching die 落料模lancing die 切口模raising(embossing) 压花起伏成形re-entrant mold 倒角式模具sectional die 拼合模runless injection mold无流道冷料模具sectional die 对合模具segment mold 组合模semi-positive mold 半全压式模具shaper 定型模套single cavity mold 单腔模具solid forging die 整体锻模split forging die 拼合锻模split mold 双并式模具sprueless mold 无注道残料模具squeezing die 挤压模stretch form die 拉伸成形模sweeping mold 平刮铸模swing die 振动模具three plates mold 三片式模具trimming die 切边模unit mold 单元式模具universal mold 通用模具unscrewing mold 退扣式模具yoke type die 轭型模模具厂常用之标准零配件air vent vale 通气阀anchor pin 锚梢angular pin 角梢baffle 调节阻板angular pin 倾斜梢baffle plate 折流檔板ball button 球塞套 ball plunger 定位球塞ball slider 球塞滑块binder plate 压板blank holder 防皱压板blanking die 落料冲头bolster 上下模板bottom board 浇注底板bolster 垫板bottom plate 下固定板bracket 扥架bumper block 缓冲块buster 堵口casting ladle 浇注包casting lug 铸耳cavity 模穴(模仁) cavity retainer plate 模穴扥板center pin 中心梢clamping block 锁定块coil spring 螺旋弹簧一三一四cold punched nut 冷冲螺母 cooling spiral 螺旋冷却栓core 心型core pin 心型梢cotter 开口梢cross 十字接头cushion pin 缓冲梢diaphragm gate 盘形浇口die approach 模头料道die bed 型底 die block 块形模体die body 铸模座die bush 合模衬套 die button 冲模母模 die clamper 夹模器die fastener 模具固定用零件die holder 母模固定板die lip 模唇die plate 冲模板die set 冲压模座direct gate 直接浇口 dog chuck 爪牙夹头 dowel 定位梢dowel hole 导套孔dowel pin 合模梢dozzle 辅助浇口dowel pin 定位梢draft 拔模锥度draw bead 张力调整杆 drive bearing 传动轴承ejection pad 顶出衬垫 ejector 脱模器ejector guide pin 顶出导梢 ejector leader busher 顶出导梢衬套ejector pad 顶出垫ejector pin 顶出梢ejector plate 顶出板ejector rod 顶出杆 ejector sleeve 顶出衬套 ejector valve 顶出阀eye bolt 环首螺栓filling core 椿入蕊 film gate 薄膜形浇口 finger pin 指形梢finish machined plate 角形模板 finish machined round plate 圆形模板fixed bolster plate 固定侧模板flanged pin 带凸缘销flash gate 毛边形浇口flask 上箱floating punch 浮动冲头gate 浇口gate land 浇口面gib 凹形拉紧销goose neck 鹅颈管 guide bushing 引导衬套guide pin 导梢guide post 引导柱guide plate 导板 guide rail 导轨head punch 顶镦冲头 headless punch 直柄冲头heavily tapered solid 整体模蕊盒hose nippler 管接头I mpact damper 缓冲器injection ram 压射柱塞inlay busher 嵌入衬套inner plunger 内柱塞inner punch 内冲头insert 嵌件nsert pin 嵌件梢king pin 转向梢king pin bush 主梢衬套knockout bar 脱模杵land 合模平坦面land area 合模面leader busher 导梢衬套lifting pin 起模顶销lining 内衬locating center punch 定位中心冲头locating pilot pin 定位导梢locating ring 定位环lock block 压块locking block 定位块locking plate 定位板loose bush 活动衬套making die 打印冲子manifold block 歧管档块master plate 靠模样板match plate 分型板mold base 塑料模座mold clamp 铸模紧固夹mold platen 模用板moving bolster 换模保持装置moving bolster plate 可动侧模板one piece casting 整体铸件 parallel block 平行垫块paring line 分模线parting lock set 合模定位器pass guide 穴型导板peened head punch 镶入式冲头pilot pin 导销pin gate 针尖浇口 plate 衬板pre extrusion punch 顶挤冲头 punch 冲头puncher 推杆pusher pin 衬套梢rack 机架rapping rod 起模杆re-entrant mold 凹入模retainer pin 嵌件梢retainer plate 扥料板return pin 回位梢riding stripper 浮动脱模器ring gate 环型浇口roller 滚筒runner 流道runner ejector set 流道顶出器runner lock pin 流道拉梢screw plug 头塞set screw 固定螺丝shedder 脱模装置shim 分隔片shoe 模座之上下模板shoot 流道shoulder bolt 肩部螺丝skeleton 骨架slag riser 冒渣口slide(slide core) 滑块slip joint 滑配接头spacer block 间隔块spacer ring 间隔环spider 模蕊支架spindle 主轴sprue 注道sprue bushing 注道衬套sprue bushing guide 注道导套sprue lock bushing 注道定位衬套sprue puller 注道拉料销spue line 合模线square key 方键一四一五square nut 方螺帽square thread 方螺纹stop collar 限位套stop pin 止动梢stop ring 止动环stopper 定位停止梢straight pin 圆柱销stripper bolt 脱料螺栓stripper bushing 脱模衬套stripper plate 剥料板stroke end block 行程止梢submarine gate 潜入式浇口support pillar 支撑支柱/顶出支柱support pin 支撑梢supporting plate 扥板sweep templete 造模刮板 tab gate 辅助浇口 taper key 推拔键taper pin 拔锥梢/锥形梢 teeming 浇注three start screw 三条螺纹 thrust pin 推力销tie bar 拉杵tunnel gate 隧道形浇口vent 通气孔wortle plate 拉丝模板模具常用之工作机械3D coordinate measurement 三次元量床 boring machine 搪孔机 cnc milling machine CNC铣床contouring machine 轮廓锯床 copy grinding machine 仿形磨床copy lathe 仿形车床copy milling machine 仿形铣床copy shaping machine 仿形刨床cylindrical grinding machine 外圆磨床die spotting machine 合模机drilling machine 钻孔机engraving machine 雕刻机engraving E.D.M. 雕模放置加工机form grinding machine 成形磨床graphite machine 石墨加工机horizontal boring machine 卧式搪孔机horizontal machine center 卧式加工制造中心internal cylindrical machine 内圆磨床jig boring machine 冶具搪孔机jig grinding machine 冶具磨床lap machine 研磨机machine center 加工制造中心multi model miller 靠磨铣床NC drilling machine NC钻床NC grinding machine NC磨床NC lathe NC车床NC programming system NC程序制作系统planer 龙门刨床profile grinding machine 投影磨床projection grinder 投影磨床radial drilling machine 旋臂钻床shaper 牛头刨床surface grinder 平面磨床try machine 试模机turret lathe 转塔车床universal tool grinding machine 万能工具磨床vertical machine center 立式加工制造中心 wire E.D.M. 线割放电加工机检验量测工具用语autocollimator 自动准直机bench comparator 比长仪block gauge 块规bore check 精密小测定器 calibration 校准caliper gauge 卡规check gauge 校对规clearance gauge 间隙规clinoretee 测斜仪comparator 比测仪cylinder square 圆筒直尺 depth gauge 测深规dial indicator 针盘指示表dial snap gauge 卡规 digital micrometer 数字式测微计feeler gauge 测隙规gauge plate 量规定位板height gauge 测高规inside calipers 内卡钳inside micrometer 内分厘卡interferometer 干涉仪leveling block 平台limit gauge 限规micrometer 测微计mil 千分之一吋monometer 压力计morse taper gauge 莫氏锥度量规nonius 光标卡尺optical flat 光学平晶optical parallel 光学平行一五一六passimeter 内径仪position scale 位置刻度profile projector 轮廓光学投影仪protractor 分角器radius 半径ring gauge 环规sine bar 正弦量规snap gauge 卡模square master 直角尺stylus 触针telescopic gauge 伸缩性量规 working gauge 工作量规模具钢材alloy tool steel 合金工具钢aluminium alloy 铝合金钢bearing alloy 轴承合金blister steel 浸碳钢bonderized steel sheet 邦德防蚀钢板carbon tool steel 碳素工具钢clad sheet 被覆板clod work die steel 冷锻模用钢emery 金钢砂ferrostatic pressure 钢铁水静压力forging die steel 锻造模用钢galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁板 hard alloy steel 超硬合金钢high speed tool steel 高速度工具钢hot work die steel 热锻模用钢low alloy tool steel 特殊工具钢low manganese casting steel 低锰铸钢marging steel 马式体高强度热处理钢martrix alloy 马特里斯合金meehanite cast iron 米汉纳铸钢meehanite metal 米汉纳铁merchant iron 市售钢材molybdenum high speed steel 钼系高速钢molybdenum steel 钼钢nickel chromium steel 镍铬钢prehardened steel 顶硬钢silicon steel sheet 硅钢板stainless steel 不锈钢tin plated steel sheet 镀锡铁板 tough pitch copper 韧铜troostite 吐粒散铁tungsten steel 钨钢vinyl tapped steel sheet 塑料覆面钢板表面处理关连用语age hardening 时效硬化ageing 老化处理air hardening 气体硬化air patenting 空气韧化annealing 退火anode effect 阳极效应anodizing 阳极氧化处理atomloy treatment 阿扥木洛伊表面austempering 奥氏体等温淬火austenite 奥斯田体/奥氏体bainite 贝氏体banded structure 条纹状组织barrel plating 滚镀barrel tumbling 滚筒打光blackening 染黑法blue shortness 青熟脆性bonderizing 磷酸盐皮膜处理box annealing 箱型退火box carburizing 封箱渗碳bright electroplating 辉面电镀 bright heat treatment 光辉热处理bypass heat treatment 旁路热处理carbide 炭化物 carburized case depth 浸碳硬化深层carburizing 渗碳cementite 炭化铁chemical plating 化学电镀chemical vapor deposition 化学蒸镀coarsening 结晶粒粗大化coating 涂布被覆cold shortness 低温脆性comemtite 渗碳体 controlled atmosphere 大气热处理corner effect 锐角效应creeping discharge 蠕缓放电 decarburization 脱碳处理decarburizing 脱碳退火depth of hardening 硬化深层diffusion 扩散diffusion annealing 扩散退火electrolytic hardening 电解淬火embossing 压花etching 表面蚀刻ferrite 肥粒铁first stage annealing 第一段退火flame hardening 火焰硬化flame treatment 火焰处理full annealing 完全退火gaseous cyaniding 气体氧化法globular cementite 球状炭化铁grain size 结晶粒度granolite treatment 磷酸溶液热处理graphitizing 石墨退火hardenability 硬化性hardenability curve 硬化性曲线 hardening 硬化heat treatment 热处理一六。
Behringer U-CONTROL UCA202 Ultra-Low Latency 2 In
User ManualU-CONTROL UCA202Ultra-Low Latency 2 In/2 Out USB/WAudio Interface with Digital Output V 6.0Table of ContentsThank you (2)Important Safety Instructions (3)Legal Disclaimer (4)Limited Warranty (4)1. Introduction (6)2. System Requirements (7)3. Operating Elementsand Connections (8)4. Working with the UCA202 (9)5. Audio Connections (10)6. Specifications (11)Thank youThank you for choosing the new UFO202 U-PHONO interfacefrom Behringer. You will now be able to transfer all your greatalbums from the vinyl and tape eras into the digital realm withthe help of this easy-to-use device. It features stereo RCA inputsand outputs to allow both monitoring and recording of the audiosource. The USB connection will work with either PCs or Maccomputers, so no drivers are needed for installation, and poweris supplied through the USB cable. The separate headphonesoutput allows you to play back your recordings at any time,even if you don’t have any loudspeakers available. We’ve alsoincluded free software to help you transfer and edit the music ina streamlined fashion, allowing you to spend less time fidgetingwith settings and more time listening to your favorite songs.Terminals marked with this symbol carry electrical current of sufficientmagnitude to constitute risk of electric shock. Use only high-quality professional speaker cables with ¼" TS or twist-locking plugs pre-installed. All other installation or modification should be performed only by qualified personnel.This symbol, wherever it appears, alerts you to the presence of uninsulateddangerous voltage inside the enclosure - voltage that may be sufficient to constitute a risk of shock.This symbol, wherever it appears, alerts you to important operating andmaintenance instructions in the accompanying literature. Please read the manual.CautionTo reduce the risk of electric shock, do not remove thetop cover (or the rear section). No user serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.CautionTo reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not exposethis appliance to rain and moisture. The apparatus shall not be exposed to dripping or splashing liquids and no objects filled with liquids, such as vases, shall be placed on the apparatus.CautionThese service instructions are for use by qualifiedservice personnel only. To reduce the risk of electric shock do not perform any servicing other than that contained in the operation instructions. Repairs have to be performed by qualified service personnel.1. Read these instructions.2. Keep these instructions.3. Heed all warnings.4. Follow all instructions.5. Do not use this apparatus near water.6. Clean only with dry cloth.7. Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.8. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including amplifiers) that produce heat.9. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with one wider than the other. A grounding-type plug has two blades and a third grounding prong. The wide blade or the third prong are provided for your safety. If the provided plug does not fit into your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet.10. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the apparatus.11. Use only attachments/accessories specified by the manufacturer.12. Use only with the cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table specified by the manufacturer, or soldwith the apparatus.4U-CONTROL UCA202 User ManualWhen a cart is used, use caution whenmoving the cart/apparatus combination to avoid injury from tip-over.13. Unplug this apparatus duringlightning storms or when unused for longperiods of time. 14. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. Servicing is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any way, such as power supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled orobjects have fallen into the apparatus,the apparatus has been exposed to rain ormoisture, does not operate normally, or hasshall remain readily operable.17. Correct disposal of this product: This symbol indicates that this product must not be disposed ofwith household waste,according to the WEEE Directive (2012/19/EU) and your national law. This product should be taken to a collection center licensed for the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). The mishandling of this type of waste could have a possible negative impact on the environment and human health due to potentially hazardous substances that are generally associated with EEE. At the same time, your cooperation in the correct disposal ofthis product will contribute to the efficient use of natural resources. For more information about where you can take your waste equipment forrecycling, please contact your local city office, or your household waste collection service.18. Do not install in a confined space, such as a book case or similar unit.19. Do not place naked flame sources,such as lighted candles, on the apparatus.20. Please keep the environmental aspects of battery disposal in mind. Batteries must be disposed-of at a battery collection e this apparatus in tropical and/or moderate climates.yient towherever it s you to rating and n the ease read isk of do not rear parts inside. ersonnel.isk ofshock, do o rain and all notplashingwithbe placednstructionsqualified educe notr than thatbattery collection point.21. This apparatus may be used in tropical and moderate climates up to 45°C.1. IntroductionWelcome to the family of U-CONTROL users and thank you for expressing your confidence in Behringer products by purchasing the UCA202. With the UCA202 you have purchased a high-performance audio interface that includes a USBconnector. It is thus an ideal sound card for your laptop computer or an essential recording/playback component for studio environments that involve desktop computers.The UCA202 is PC and Mac-compatible. Therefore, no separate installation procedure is required, while the operating system drivers ensure an extremely short latency. Thanks to its robust construction and compact dimensions, the UCA202 is also ideal for traveling. The separate headphones output allows you to play back your recordings at any time, even if you don’t happen to have any loudspeakers available.2 inputs and outputs as well as the digital stereo output give you total connecting flexibility to mixing consoles, loudspeakers or headphones. Power is supplied to the unit via the USB interface. The LED gives you a quick check that the UCA202 is properly connected to the computer. The UCA202 is the ideal extra for every computer musician.1.1 Before you started1.1.1 ShipmentYour UCA202 was carefully packed at the assembly plant to assure secure transport. Should the condition of the cardboard box suggest that damage may have taken place, please inspect the unit immediately and look for physical indications of damage.◊ Damaged equipment should NEVER be sent directlyto us. Please inform the dealer from whom you acquired the unit immediately as well as the transportation company from which you tookdelivery. Otherwise, all claims for replacement/repair may be rendered invalid.◊ Please always use the original packaging to avoiddamage due to storage or shipping.◊ Never let unsupervised children play with theequipment or with its packaging.◊ Please dispose of all packaging materials in anenvironmentally friendly fashion.1.1.2 Initial operationPlease make sure the unit is provided with sui cient ventilation, and never place the UCA202 on top of an amplii er or in the vicinity of a heater to avoid the risk of overheating.The current supply is made via the USB connecting cable,so that there is no external power supply unit required.All required safety precautions have been adhered to.1.1.3 Online registrationPlease register your new Behringer equipment right after yourpurchase by visiting and read the termsand conditions of our warranty carefully.Should your Behringer product malfunction, it is our intentionto have it repaired as quickly as possible. To arrange forwarranty service, please contact the Behringer retailer fromwhom the equipment was purchased. Should your Behringerdealer not be located in your vicinity, you may directly contactone of our subsidiaries. Corresponding contact information isincluded in the original equipment packaging (Global ContactInformation/European Contact Information). Should yourcountry not be listed, please contact the distributor nearestyou. A list of distributors can be found in the support area ofour website ().Registering your purchase and equipment with us helps usprocess your repair claims more quickly and efficiently.Thank you for your cooperation!2. System Requirements◊ The UCA202 is PC and Mac-compatible. Therefore,no installation procedure or drivers are requiredfor the correct functioning of the UCA202.To work with the UCA202, your computer must fulfillthe following minimum requirements:2.1 Hardware connectionUse the USB connecting cable supplied with the UCA202to connect the unit to your computer. The USB connection alsosupplies the UCA202 with current. You can connect a varietyof devices and equipment to the inputs and outputs.3. Operating Elements and Connections3.1 Front panelFig. 3.1: Front panel UCA202(1) The LED indicates the status of the USB power supply.(2) DIGITAL OUTPUT : The Toslink jack carries an S/PDIF signalwhich can be connected via a i ber optic cable, for example, to the digital input of an effects device.(3)Use the jack to connect a standard pair of headphonesequipped with a 1/8" TRS connector.(4) The VOLUME control adjusts the volume level of theheadphones output. Turn the control fully to the left before you connect the headphones. This helps you avoid the damage that is caused by high volume settings.3.2 Rear panelFig. 3.2: Back of the UCA202(5) Use the jack to connect a standard pair of headphonesequipped with a 1/8" TRS connector. (6) Use the LINE-OUT jacks for audio cables with RCA connectors.(7) Use the LINE-IN jacks for audio cables with RCA connectors.(8) The OFF/ON-MONITOR switch activates the monitorfunction. In this case the input signal is routed directly to the headphones output.4. Working with the UCA2024.1 Application example ArrayFig. 4.1: Common version with the UCA202To provide a professional recording interface between mixing console and computer, you can use the UCA202 in combination with a suitable mixing console that includes subgroup outputs. This type of setup allows you to record several signals in the computer at the same time, to simultaneously play back several takes or playbacks which have been recorded, and to listen to the whole recording via loudspeakers (or headphones). Figure 4.1 shows a possible setup with one UCA202.Connect the outputs of the subgroup (in this case ALT 3-4 OUT)with the inputs of the UCA202 (6). You can choose to connect the outputs (5) of the interface either to the TAPE INPUT sockets or to your monitor speakers. You can connect control headphones to the socket (3) of the UCA202 or to the headphones output of your mixing console. Use the USB cable supplied with the unit to connect your PC or MAC via the USB interface.By routing each channel that you want to record through the ALT3-4 subgroup, you can now use the input channels of the mixing console to record different signals (e.g. microphone, guitar, sound module, etc.) in the computer. If you connect the OUT jacks of the UCA202 to channel inputs 7/8 (not via TAPE INPUT), make sure that the signal is not switched to the subgroup but instead to the main output of your mixer (MUTE key on the UB1204FX-PRO in channel 7/8 not pressed). Otherwise feedback can occur. Make sure that you use the SOURCE section on the mixing console to select the correct monitoring paths (ALT 3-4 and MAIN MIX or ALT 3-4 and TAPE).If you lead the UCA202 back via a channel input (not TAPE INPUT), you can also use the aux path in the channel to set up a monitor mix for live musicians. To do this, use the Aux Send (e.g. Aux 1) in this channel input. If the musicians want to hear themselves as well as the playback or previous recording takes, use the Aux Sends in the recording channels to mix in the recording signals with the monitor mix.5. Audio ConnectionsAlthough there are various ways to integrate the UCA202 into your studio or live set-up, the audio connections to be made will basically be the same in all cases:5.1 WiringPlease use standard RCA cables to connect the UCA202to other audio equipment. You can also use an adapter cable.Fig. 5.1: RCA cableFig. 5.2: Adapter cable with ¼" jack5.2 Headphones connectionThe UCA202 is provided with a headphones jack. Here, you can connect any standard pair of stereo headphones with a 1/8" TRS connector. 6. SpecificationsConnectors RCA, unbalancedInput impedance approx. 27 kΩMax. input level 2 dBVLine OutConnectors RCA, unbalancedOutput impedance approx. 400 ΩMax. output level 2 dBVDigital OutputSocket Toslink, optical cableOutput format S/PDIFPhones OutSocket 1/8" TRS stereo jackOutput impedance approx. 50 ΩMax. output pegel -2 dBu, 2 x 3.7 mW @ 100 ΩConnectors type AConverter 16-bit converter Sample rate 32.0 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48.0 kHz Frequency response 10 Hz to 20 kHz,±*********************10 Hz to 22 kHz,±********************* THD 0.05% typ. @ -10 dBV, 1kHz Crosstalk -77 dB @ 0 dBV, 1 kHz Signal-to-noise ratio A/D 89 dB typ. @1 kHz, A-weightedD/A 96 dB typ. @1 kHz, A-weightedUSB connection 5V , 100 mA max.Dimensions (H x W x D) approx. 0.87 x 2.36 x 3.46"approx. 22 x 60 x 88 mm Weight approx. 0.10 kgBehringer always takes great care to ensure the highest standard of quality. Any modifications which may be necessary will be made without prior notification. Specifications and appearance of the equipment can therefore differ from the details or illustrations shown.FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONSCOMMISSION COMPLIANCEINFORMATIONResponsible Party Name: Music Tribe Commercial NV Inc.Address:901 Grier DriveLas Vegas, NV 89118USAPhone Number: +1 747 237 5033U-CONTROL UCA202This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limitsfor a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules.These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection againstharmful interference in a residential installation. This equipmentgenerates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if notinstalled and used in accordance with the instructions, may causeharmful interference to radio communications. However, there is noguarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or televisionreception, which can be determined by turning the equipment offand on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by oneor more of the following measures:• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different fromthat to which the receiver is connected.Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subjectto the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and(2) this device must accept any interference received, includinginterference that may cause undesired operation.Important information:Changes or modifications to the equipment not expressly approved byMusic Tribe can void the user’s authority to use the equipment.We Hear You。
东北师范大学智慧树知到“英语”《英美文学》网课测试题答案2
东北师范大学智慧树知到“英语”《英美文学》网课测试题答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.With Bellow and Singer as Nobel Prize winners, the status of Jewish Literature as an important part of American Literature has been firmly established.()A.错误B.正确2.The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century. French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American ____.A.vernacularismB.naturalismC.modernismD.local colorism3.____ has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the best classic style. that American Literature ever produced”.A.Washington IrvingB.Walt WhitmanC.Henry David ThoreauD.Edgar Ellen Poe4.“My last Duchess” is a poem that best mplifies Robert Browning's ____.A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue5.It is generally regarded that Keats's most important and mature poems are in the of ____.A.odeB.elegyC.epicD.sonnet6.The Jazz Age characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.()A.正确B.错误7.In Hardy's Tess of D'urbervilles, the heroines tragic ending is due to ____.A.her weak characterB.her ambitionC.Angel Clares selfishnessD.a hostile society8.“This grew: I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped altogether.” (Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess”) The above lines imply that ____.A.the Duchess was killed by her husbandB.the Duchess stopped smiling at her husbands orderC.the Duchess died of laughing too muchD.the Duchess did not want to smile as much as her husband requested9.In Chapter III of Oliver Twist, Oliver is punished for that “impious and profane offence of asking for mor e” . What did Oliver ask for more?A.More time to playB.More money to spendC.More food to eatD.More books to read10.Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew, /Thou makst thy knife keen. In the above quotation taken form. The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare employs a(n) ____ .A.synecdocheB.simileC.punD.oxymoron11.In her works , Amy Tan wrote beautifully about the contrast between Chinese and American cultures.()A.正确B.错误12.The main technique applied to the novel Ulysses by Joyce is symbolism.()A.正确B.错误13.In her works, Amy Tan wrote beautifully about the contrast between Chinese and American cultures.()A.错误B.正确14.Beowulf is a national epic of ____.A.ScandinaviaB.GermanyC.FranceD.England15.Who is the writer that wrote about frontier adventures?____A.IrvingB.CooperC.Melville第2卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.Angry Young Man of the 1950's most came from ____.A.the lower classB.the upper classC.peasantsD.workers2.The ____ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th century. It showed the English workers were able to appear as an independent political force and were already realizing the fact that the industrial bourgeoisie was their principal enemy.A.EnlightenmentB.RenaissanceC.ChartistD.Romanticist3.Neo-classicism saw its decline in Dryden.()A.错误B.正确4.In Shakespeare's comedies the heroes and heroines attained their victory without much struggle.()A.错误B.正确5.Irving was regarded as ____.A.father of American dramaB.father of American poetryC.father of American Literature6.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a“____in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epicB.romanceC.lyric epicic epic7.Irving was best known for his short stories such as Rip Van Winkle.()A.错误B.正确8.The publication of ____ established Emerson as the spokesman of Transcendentalism.A.NatureB.Self-relianceC.The American Scholar9.ChineseAmerican Literature can be defined as literature by and about ____ in America.A.Chinese studentsB.Chinese immigrantsn immigrants10.Shakespeare was born in April 1564 and died in 1616.()A.正确B.错误11.John Bunyan's pilgrim's progress is often regarded as a typical example of ____.A.romanceB.fableC.epic in proseD.allegory12.____ pen name was Mark Twain.A.William Dean HowellsB.Samuel Langhorne ClemensC.Henry James13.Sir Gawain and Green Knight was created by ____.A.None of the abovenglandC.ChaucerD.Bede14.Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include ____, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A.multiple points of viewB.impressionismC.first person point of viewD.expressionism15.“For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solitary room...”(Dickens, Oliver Twist) What did Oliver ask for?A.More time to playB.More money to spendC.More food to eatD.More book to read第1卷参考答案一.综合考核1.参考答案：B2.参考答案：B3.参考答案：A4.参考答案：D5.参考答案：A6.参考答案：A7.参考答案：D8.参考答案：A9.参考答案：C 10.参考答案：C11.参考答案：A12.参考答案：B13.参考答案：B14.参考答案：D15.参考答案：B第2卷参考答案一.综合考核1.参考答案：A2.参考答案：C3.参考答案：A4.参考答案：A5.参考答案：C6.参考答案：D7.参考答案：B8.参考答案：A9.参考答案：B10.参考答案：A11.参考答案：D12.参考答案：B13.参考答案：A14.参考答案：A15.参考答案：C。
考研英语-试卷162
考研英语-试卷162(总分：142.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：In some early attempts by psychologists to describe the basic learning process, the terms "stimulus", "response" and "reinforcement" were introduced. In an educational setting, these (1)_____ could be defined as follows. When a teacher gives an (2)_____, or sets a problem, or asks a question, the pupil (3)_____ in some way, and the teacher then tells the pupil if he has responded correctly. The teacher"s first action is called the (4)_____. The pupil"s action, carrying out the instruction, or solving the problem, or answering the question, is (5)_____ the response. When the teacher tells the pupil his response is (6)_____, the bond between the stimulus and the response is strengthened and reinforcement is positive. If the response is incorrect, the bond is weakened, and reinforcement is (7)_____ Some psychologists laid great (8)_____ on the importance of reinforcement for continued learning. They (9)_____ that if a learner is not given information about his responses (feedback) he may not continue to respond. (10)_____, if his homework is not marked regularly, he will stop doing it. If in class, the answers he gives to the teacher"s questions are (11)_____ or brushed aside, he will stop trying to give any. Educational psychologists are, (12)_____, moving away from this simple, early (13)_____ of the basic learning process. The effects of feedback, for example, are seen to be more (14)_____ than this description suggests. Feedback does not merely positively or negatively (15)_____ the stimulus-response bond. It may (16)_____ confirm previously learned meanings and associations, correct mistakes, (17)_____ misunderstandings and show how well or badly different parts of the material have been learned. Thus (18)_____ may have the effect of increasing the learner"s confidence, backing up his previously (19)_____ knowledge, and showing him which items he has not (20)_____ grasped.（分数：40.00）A.wordsB.terms √C.phrasesD.jargons解析：解析：语义衔接题。
2024新课标1卷英语
1.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The history of technology.B.The impact of social media.C.The benefits of exercise.（答案）D.The challenges of modern education.2.Which word best describes the author's tone in the text?A.SarcasticB.Optimistic（答案）C.PessimisticD.Neutral3.What does the phrase "in the long run" mean in the context?A.ImmediatelyB.Eventually（答案）C.OccasionallyD.Rarely4.According to the passage, what is the most effective way to learn a new language?A.Watching foreign movies.B.Listening to music in that language.C.Practicing with a language tutor.（答案）D.Reading books translated into that language.5.Why did the scientist decide to conduct the experiment?A.To prove a previous theory wrong.B.To discover a new element.C.To test a new hypothesis.（答案）D.To replicate a famous study.6.What is the purpose of the author writing this article?A.To entertain readers with a story.B.To persuade readers to adopt a new habit.（答案）C.To inform readers about a recent event.D.To analyze a complex issue.7.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a cause of climate change?A.DeforestationB.OverpopulationC.Increased use of renewable energy（答案）D.Industrial emissions8.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?A.The problem will never be solved.B.More research is needed.（答案）C.The solution is simple and straightforward.D.The author is uncertain about the future.。
新视角研究生英语读说写1课后模拟题
新视角研究生英语读说写1课后习题(unit1-6 单选、翻译unit4-6 cloze)选择题Unit11.The country is heavily dependent on its oil exports AA reliant on B. complaint with 投诉 C yielding to屈服 D. attached to 附属2.An alternative approach is to define words according to the sentence contexts in which they occur. BA. outline大纲略述B. explainC. specify指定 D term学期条款3.A second hospital has been accused of（被控告的）mixing up a baby’s name tag（标签）, making the mother fear she had the wrong child. DA code B. paper论文，报纸 C board董事会；木板 D label 标签4.The director will have to shift his roles and expectations when he’s asked by the rest of the board to answer criticism（批评）of company performance. CA. move B stint 限制 C alter （改变）D transit 越过5 Japanese computer makers are turning to scientists overseas （外国的）to help them develop software and applications for massively parallel supercomputers. BA heavilyB immenselyC solidly坚固地D ponderously 笨重地；生硬地6 There is also evidence that younger people expect to transfer the source of their main emotional support to their spouse when they marry AA move…toB subtract…from减去C distract….from使分心D deflect….to 偏向7.Psychometric（心理测量的）tests which attempt to measure students’ ability to use the library have been developed and made use of primarily in the USA B A, arbitrate 仲裁 B. assess 评价 C. calculate D reckon 测算8.Consequently, the neighborhood they live in, the interests they have, the lifestyle of their friends and colleagues, will necessarily determine what reality is for the child C A, residential path B, residential streetC, residential district 住宅的区域 D residential part9.The aim is to help participants identify their own learning needs in this area and then to suggest ways in which they can increase their knowledge. D A, affirm 断言肯定 B confirm 确认 C assume 假定，夺取D recognize认识10.As we shall see later, they have been one of the factors that have helped to tip（小费，倾斜）the economic balance firmly against the nuclear option A A .tilt 倾斜B, incline 倾向 C slide 滑到一遍 D slant 倾斜，偏向Unit211,Don’t interrupt him, He is now working seriously on his dissertation （论文）that is due at the end of this semester A A. buckling down to 拼尽全力去做B, buckling underC, buckling up with D ,buckling to12.He has a bad temper and always falls into a fury（狂怒）for the slightest reason, which makes him extremely unwelcome among all the friends C A sadness B depression 沮丧，洼地；不景气C an extreme angerD great disappointment13.Through reading the novel , the students realized that the hunchback’s (驼背) hideous (可怕的) appearance could not conceal (隐藏）his noble characters. B A, spectacular 壮观的惊人的B, ugly and unpleasantC. impressive 感人的令人影响深刻的D, striking and terrible14,When the World War II broke out and the area was bombed severely, many city dwellers (居民) had to move to the sticks and led a totally different life BA. small towns B, country areas 农村，乡村C, surroundings D neighborhoods15.In the general (一般) conference, his coarse（粗俗的）speaking tone irritated （激怒了）the delegate（代表）from the neighboring country and then everyone was involved in a fierce debate. DA ironicB sarcastic 挖苦的C ,angry D, rude16. The police had to keep track of（记录; 与…保持联系）; all the actions of the suspects (嫌疑犯) in order to identify the real criminal. A A. be informed about 充分了解 B be contacted with 联系C, follow up with D , take notice about 注意17.Confronted with all these evidences and the witnesses , the drunk driver conceded（承认）that it was he who caused the fatality （致命性）of the 3 victims in the traffic accident.C A, surrender B grand 宏伟的C, admit 承认D yield 产量18.When famine ( 饥荒) and drought (干旱) became more severe ,the president said he could not size up (估量) the whole situation and take any action unless he had received a complete report DA. bring up提出B, come up with C make up 化妆D make a judgment about19.Gaping (关注多洞穴的) at the TV screen and watching the fire and smoke , the whole world was startled （惊讶）and could not believe the World Trade Center turned into ruinsBA lookingB staring 凝视C glancingD watching20.When thousands of bodies, including those of women and children, were discovered in the forest, everyone and all the media took the same side, criticizing the monstrous（巨大的，荒谬的）mass murder with full bullets. D A tremendous B ,incidental C, famous D evil罪恶Unit321.With an _____ network of committees , sports clubs and societies ,each student is encouraged to play a full part in this aspect of student life A A, thriving B, encouraging C exciting D lead22.They may pick up ideas almost at random from skimming journals , ideas that may _____ new trains of thought or fruitful new cross-connections CA. steer 控制 B ,pilot 飞行员 C spark 发动 D lead23.Being a good listener is not only useful because you will hear what others miss , but you will find that people will tell you things that they _____ others B A shield on B shield from 使...免遭受 C shield in D shield out24, What right did he have to come back into her life this , trying to _____ into small pieces that couldn’t be put back together for a second time? CA crash 撞碎B ,crush 压碎C, shatter 粉碎 D explode25.In many areas local services were provided by numerous different authorities , whichoften gave rise to _____ co-ordination problems A A, acute 严重的 B accurate 精确的C, accusative宾格的 D alternative26.The awful truth that he was suffering from lung cancer _____ him ,though his family members tried very hard to keep the secret B A, came upon B dawned on 降临C, fell to D ,went for27.I suppose yoga enthusiasts would find it painless ,but for most of us an hour spent in this position was an _____ DA. trial试验B test C exam D ordeal . 折磨28.But rules that strengthen bands in good times can _____ them in recessions A A, cripple 削弱 B , reduce C slash猛砍 D unprofitable无益的，29.There are few more _____ places on earth than the plains surrounding a volcano in the aftermath of its eruption C A fertile富饶的 B. unproblematic不成问题的 C barren 荒地贫瘠的D unprofitable30. The minds of many of these young offenders appear to have been _____ by greed and indifference to violence B A retarded 智力迟钝的，发展迟缓的 B numbed麻木的 C idled懒惰的D fooled愚弄Unit431.Her reputation suffered a _____ blow as the result of the scandal AA .mortalB shamefulC humiliating 丢脸的D disgraceful 优雅的32.In explaining this situation it might be possible to point to sources _____ to the nation: its culture, mentality(心态的), religions, or geography. C A. inherited遗传的 B hereditary遗传的 C inherent 固有的 D heritable 可继承的33.His _____ difficulties may make it impossible for him to recognize you and his familyA A, perceptual知觉的B appreciableC understandable可以了解的D recognizable 34.He had never previously thought of himself as _____ or even as particularly materialistic DA, inquisitive . 好奇的 B interactive 交互式的 C positive D acquisitive想获得的35.Like a dreamer ,the young artist is absorbed in _____ of something outside himself and does not identify with it BA illusionB contemplation沉思C conceptionD fantasy36.The club, where I am staying releases forgotten gusts of memory , like those lilies which only _____ their sweet perfume at night AA exhale呼气B inhale吸气C relaxD relieve37.If it is a technique which works for you then , use it _____ AA by all meansB by no meansC in one wayD by the way38.You would _____ some responsibility immediately for particular areas and addition responsibilities are available to those with the ability and enthusiasm to undertake BA bear onB take on 承担C carry on 继续D hold on39.This raises the question whether the education of children in rural communities is prejudiced by the _____ of a curriculum课程devised for urban conditions DA publication出版物B compulsion 强制C computation估计D imposition强加40.The weak point in the school is due to the _____ of parents who remove their sons from the school at too early an age A A, folly愚蠢 B prudence审慎 C craziness 愚蠢 D madnessUnit541.The plumber(水管工)found that the pipe was blocked because of the frozen oil ,and asked us to _____ it out with hot water CA pushB spreadC flushD drive42.Don’t forget to bring an _____ for opening cans in your journey to India AA applianceB deviceC utensil 用具D gadgetry小配件43.He suddenly became wealthy , which changed his whole _____ of life BA preferenceB modeC ethicsD modality形式44 Beneath that _____ calm surface is a man of fierce temper D A, mysteriously B carefully C limply柔软地 D apparently 显然地；45.Due to the economic decline , we are seeing unemployment on an unprecedented _____CA sizeB levelC scaleD degree46.He opened the wallet carefully and stretched his hand to feel the _____ of the new dollar bills AA crispness易碎B freshness新鲜C tardiness 缓慢D firmness坚定；47.Although some commentators thought h3e was _____ and ugly ,Jay Chou is now one of Asia’s hottest pop stars B A literal文字的 B dumb无说话能力的 C humorous诙谐的 D extrinsic外在的48.Since no one could _____ his scribbling , the chief editor decided to replace him with another columnist BA encodeB decipher 密电译文C concernD confront49.Ways in which the authority can discharge its responsibilities for standard _____ for all aspects of care will also require attention CA methodB equipmentC settingD investigation50.Along with the emphasis on scientific development and social changes ,our magazine has also paid _____ attention to fashion D A deserving B little C efficient D dueUnit651.Even though the Duke was convicted(证明有罪的) of treason（不忠）, most of the parliament议会members still supported him and his book was very popular among the public A A betrayal of one’s country背叛 B surrender to the enemyC hurt to people’s feelingD control of others52.This method may seem unorthodox（非正统的）,but it has been proved to be very efficient DA fitful一阵阵的B accidental 意外的C irregularD unconventional53.Many people settle down in urban areas instead of the countryside, since it is not time to take a sheer（完全）rest and they need to work in cities BA comfortableB completeC relaxingD permanent54.His voice began to falter at the mention of his sufferings in the old days DA hesitateB stutter结巴C decreaseD shake55.Politically, Wisconsin is a bit of a maverick , and this nature was firmly established by 1848 when it became a state A A dissenter 反对者 B proponent 支持者 C opponent反对者 D extremist极端主义者56.For over 30 years , Singapore has grown from a poor country with hardly any resources to an affluent , modern and developed nation CA abundantB influent流入的C wealthy D, stimulant57.The doctor told the single father that his son needed to be coddled after the tuberculosisB A isolated from others B treated with great careC accompanied by othersD cured with skill58.As a long-term fancier（爱好者）of the classical music , he spent a lot of money in watching live music concerts DA toastB collaborator合作者C shambles 蹒跚地走D zealot狂热者59.The architect said that his countrymen hadn’t learned to cherish珍爱the old, and they were too quick to tear old buildings down BA preferB treasure珍爱C decorateD renew60.The proud lady wondered how to lower her pride to approach the girl she had been so scornful（轻蔑的）of C A hateful B convicted C contemptuous D ,doubtful汉译英Unit11．餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。
空气动力学词汇
低速空气动力学词汇表Vocabulary in the First Six Chapters of《Fundamentals of Aerodynamics》思西子、屈胡子汇集木土诚子﹑屈夫子、思西子打字First ed, first print: May 2006, second print: Feb.2007Second ed: May 2008清凉西来坊承印 (May 2008, Xi’an )Words in Sequence of Chapters and Sections in 《Fundamentals of Aerodynamics》(Only First Six Chapters)pillar柱子，栋梁，柱形物Chapter 11.1warship军舰，战舰churn [ʧə:n] v. (剧烈)搅拌[动]gyration [ʤaiə‵reiʃən] n. 回旋，回转armada [ɑ:'mɑ:də] n. ①舰队②(飞机)机群Spanish Armada西班牙无敌舰队invasion [in'veiʒən] n. 侵入,侵略Elizabeth [i'lizəbəθ] n. 伊莉莎白Elizabethan[i.lizə'bi:θən] a. 伊丽莎白女王(时代)的fire ship火攻船head-on a. 正面的，迎面的 adv.正面地fleet [fli:t] n. 舰队naval battle between Spanish Armada and English fleet西班牙无敌舰队与英国舰队的海战pack with (be packed with) 装有formidable ['fɔ:midəbl] a. ①可怕的,难对的②困难的,棘手的,庞大的cannon [kænən] n. (pl. cannon, cannons)大炮, (飞机上的)自动机关枪devastate ['devəsteit] v. to completely destroy a place or an area 彻底破坏,摧毁shot [ʃɔt,ʃʌt] (旧时用大炮发射的石质或金属)弹丸hinge [hinʤ] n.铰链v. hinge on sth : to depend on sth completely 有赖于; 取决于 […在此一战]Catholic ['kæθlik] n.=Roman Catholic 天主教徒Prostestant ['prɔtestənt] n.(16世纪脱离罗马天主教的)新教教徒sovereign ['sɔvrin] n. 君主,元首，国王, 统治者a. 有主权的,至高无上的，完全独立自主的sovereignty ['sɔvrinti] n. 主权,最高统治权；独立自主（的状态）crucial [ 'kru:ʃiəl, 'kru:ʃəl ] a. 关键的,决定性的squash [skwɔʃ] v. 压软, 压扁, 压变形float [flout] make sth move on waterattempt [ə'tempet] v.企图, 试图formation n. 编队headlong['hedlɔ]ŋ a. with the head first and the rear of the bdy following 头向前的,匆促而用力的; without thinking carefully before doing sth轻率的,莽撞的 ad. 头向前地,猛然的用力的ensue [in'sju:] v. to happen after or as a result of another event 接着发生,因而产生【同义】follow sluggish ['slʌgiʃ] a.缓慢的; 迟缓的; 懒洋洋的maneuver [mə'nu:və] n. 机动（动作，飞行）, 演习,调遣,策略 v. 调遣,演习,用计策maneuverable [mə'nu:vərəbl] a.机动[灵活]的，容易驾驶[操纵]的maneuverability [məˌnu:vərə'biliti] n. 可操作性,机动性disarray [dis rei] n. a state of confusion and lack of organization 混乱,无秩序oar [ɔ:] n. 船桨naval battle海战political power政治强权，政治力量naval power海军力量，海上强权synonymous [si'nɔniməs] a. 同义的maneuver [m nu:v] n. v. 机动(动作,飞行) maneuverable [mə'nu:vərəbl] a. 可移动的,可操纵的,容易操作的;可调动的,操纵灵活的; 机动的,有机动性的maneuverability [m□nu:v□r□□biliti] 机动性resistance阻力sail n. 帆hull [hʌl] n. 船身, 船体impetus [□impitəs] n. 冲力,刺激,原动力mechanics [mi'kæniks] n. 力学,机械学impetus to the study of fluid mechanics流体力学研究的推动力stride[straid] n. 大步,一跨步 v. 迈大步走,跨过oblique a. 斜的oblique plane斜面shock n. 激波oblique shock 斜激波squishy [skwiʃi] a. 湿软的, 粘乎手的squashy [skwɔʃi] a. 软而易压坏(扁)的qualitative ['kwɔlitətiv] a. 定性的quantitative ['kwɔntitətiv] a. 定量的let alone 更别说…pellet['pelit] n. 小球; 丸; 小弹丸rectilinear [rekti'liniə] a.直线的,笔直的shotgun n. 猎枪 shotgun blast 开火Newton’s sine-squared law 牛顿正弦平方律stream of particles粒子流formula [ 'fɔ:mjulə ] (pl. formulae['fɔ:mjuli:]) 公式,规则,客套话strike碰撞impact 碰撞，冲击impinge [im'pindʒ] v. 冲击,撞击 vi. 侵犯normal [ 'nɔ:məl ] 法向的momentum[ məu'mentəm ] n. 动力,要素;[物理]动量normal momentum法向动量tangential[tæn'dʒenʃ(ə)l ] a. 切线的,相切的,切向的preserve保留,维持canal [k næl] 运河stream n. 流动upon striking一碰就…leave much to be desired有待改进naval architecture造船学experiments carried out by d’Alembert 达朗贝尔实验exercise v. 实[履]行,行使,发挥(威力) supersede [sju:pə'si:d] v. to take the place of sth/sb that is considered to be old-fashioned or no longer the best available 取代, 替代, 使让位proportional [ prə'pɔ:ʃənl ] a. 成比例的,相称的n. [数]比例项incidence [ 'insidəns ]n.[物理]入射incidence angle入射角distribution[ .distri'bju:ʃən ] n. 分发,分配,散布,分布variation[.vɛəri'eiʃən] n. 变化,变动,变种,变异; 变化的程度;变量;【数】变分application[.æpli'keiʃən] n. 使用, 运用, 适用, 应用, 用途; 施(用), 敷用(物); 请求, 申请, 申请书; 施加力[荷载], 操作(包括贴, 涂, 浇, 洒, 撒, 镀, 敷等) aviation[ .eivi'eiʃən ] n. 航空,飞行, 航空学, 航空术hold for 对…成立glider [glaidə] n. 滑翔机stun [stʌn] v. ①使昏迷; 打昏②使震惊stunning failure惨败prestigious [pres□tiʤiəs] a. 有威信的,有声望的,受尊敬的,闻名于世的institution n. (大学,银行等规模大的)机构Smithsonian Institution (美)史密森学会arch[ɑ:tʃ] n. 拱门,弓形v. 成弓形弯曲,成弓形arched['ɑ:tʃt] a. 弓形(结构)的,有拱的despairingly绝望地curvature[ 'kə:vətʃə ] n. 屈曲,弯曲,曲率hallmark ['hɔ:lmɑ:k] n. （金银纯度的）检验印记，纯度检验证明,品质证明，标记; 特征，特点v. 加盖纯度检验证明mutter [mʌtə] n. 咕哝;牢骚 v.低声说;出怨言perseverance [.pə:si'viərəns] n. 毅力,忍耐,不屈不挠,坚持不懈scene [si:n] n. ①地点,现场②事件,场面flush [flʌʃ] v. ①脸红②冲洗▲flushed with success = very excited and pleasedwing机翼wing span机翼翼展chord[kɔ:d] n. 弦,和音,情绪 ◆A line segment that joins two points on a curve. 弦：将两点用曲线连接起来的曲线段◆A straight line connecting the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil.翼弦：连接机翼的前缘与后缘的直线chord length弦长airfoil [ 'ɛəˌfɔil ] n. 翼剖面，翼型aerofoil [ 'ɛərəfɔil ] n. 翼剖面，翼型camber弯度state-of-the-art adj. using the most modern or advanced techniques or methods; as good as it can be at the present time 应用最先进技术(或方法)的,最先进的：◆the system was state of the art 这一系统是当前最先进的；▲a state-of-the-art system 目前最先进的系统。
2000-2016历年专四语法动词真题
专四语法动词真题汇总2016年PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN]Ther.ar.twent.sentence.i.thi.section.Beneat.eac.sentenc.ther.ar.fou.word.o.phrase.marke.A.B..an.D.Choos.on.wor.o. plete.th.sentence.Mar.you.answer.o.ANSWE.SHEE.TWO.11.Ho.ca..concentrat.i.yo.__________.continuall.__________.m.wit.sill.questions?A.have...interruptedB.had...interruptedC.are...interruptingD.were...interrupting12.Amon.th.fou.sentence.below.Sentenc.__________.expresse.th.highes.degre.o.possibility.A.I.ma.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.B.I.migh.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.C.I.coul.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.D.I.shoul.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.14.Nobod.hear.hi.sing,___________.A.di.theyB.di.heC.didn'.theyD.di.one17.Thi.i.on.o.th.issue.tha.deserve___________.A.mentioningB.bein.mentionedC.t.mentionD.fo.mention19.___________you.advice..woul.hav.mad.th.wron.decision.A.Hadn'.i.bee.forB.Ha.i.no.bee.forC.Ha.i.bee.forD.Ha.no.i.bee.for20.Th.sentenc..wis..ha.bee.mor.carefu.i.spendin.money.expresse.th.speaker's_____.A.hopeB.joyC.regretD.relief2015年51.Whe.yo.hav.finishe.wit.tha.book.don'.forge.t.pu.i.bac.o.th.shelf._____.?A.don'.yo..B.d.yo..C.wil.yo..D.won'.you54.Whic.o.th.italicize.part.expresse..futur.tense?A.M.frien.teache.chemistr.i..school..B.I'l.giv.i.t.yo.afte..return.C.Wha.i.th.matte.wit.you..D.Londo.stand.o.th.Rive.Thames.57.Al.th.President.Me._____.on.o.th.importan.book.fo.scholar.wh.stud.th.Watergat.Scandal.A.remain..B.remaine..C.remai..D.i.remainin.wyer.h.____.abl.t.advis.yo.muc.bette.tha..can.A.wil.b..B.wa..C.woul.b..D.wer.59.Whic.o.th.followin.i..stativ.verb.A.Drink..B.Close..C.Rain..D.Belong.61.Th.followin.ar.al.correc.response.t."Wh.tol.th.new.t.th.teacher?.EXCEP._____.A.Bo.di.i..B.Bo.di.s..C.Bo.di.tha..D.Bo.did63.Whic.o.th.followin.italicize.word.doe.NO.indicat.willingness.A.Wha.wil.yo.d.whe.yo.graduate..B.The.wil.b.hom.b.now.C.Wh.wil.g.wit.me.........D.Wh.wil.yo.g.ther.alone?65.Ther.____.nothin.mor.fo.discussion.th.meetin.cam.t.a.en.hal.a.hou.earlier.A.t.b..B.t.hav.bee..C.b..D.Being2014年51.I.i.essentia.tha.h._______al.th.fact.first.A.i.examinin.B.wil.examin.C.examine.D.examine52.Whic.o.th.followin.sentence.expresse..futur.action?A.Luc.i.continuall.findin.faul.wit.he.sister.B.W.ar.meetin.th.visitor.afte.th.performance.C.Th.coac.i.no.crossin.th.Garde.Bridge.D.I'.hopin.tha.you'l.giv.u.som.advice.55.Whic.o.th.followin.sentence.indicate.POSSIBILITY?A.Th.moo.canno.alway.b.a.th.full..B.Yo.canno.smok.insid.th.building..today........D.Sh.canno.pla.th.piano.58.Pleas.pardo._____.you.A.m.disturbin....B.disturbin.....C.m.t.distur.D.tha. . disturb59.Whic.o.th.followin.ta.question.i.INCORRECT?A.Carr.thi.parce.fo.me.wil.you..B.Nobod.want.t.g.there.doe.he?C.Fe.peopl.kno.him.don'.they..D.Everythin.i.ready.isn'.it?63.Whe.th.sentenc."The.ha.mad..mes.o.th.house.i.turne.int.passiv.voice.whic.o.th.followin.i.CORRECT?A..mes.ha.bee.mad.i.th.house..B..mes.ha.bee.mad.b.them.C.Th.hous.ha.bee.mad..mes.of..D.Th.hous.ha.bee.mad..mess.65.Whe.th.sentenc."Shal..driv.yo.t.th.airpor.first?.i.turne.int.indirec.speech.whic.o.th.followin.i.mos.appropriate?A.H.agree.t.driv.m.t.th.airpor.first..B.H.offere.t.driv.m.t.th.airpor.first.C.H.advise.m.t.g.t.th.airpor.first..D.H.suggeste.tha..driv.t.th.airpor.first.2013年54. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? ______.A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o’clock?B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.58. All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPT ______.A. Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B. The President is coming to the UN next week.C. The school pupils will be home by now.D. He is going to email me the necessary information.62. Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence? ______.A.Let me drive you home, shall I?......B.You will mind your own business!e and have dinner with us. ......D.I wish you could stay behind. ‘63. If it ______ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A. were to rainB. was to rainC. was rainingD. had rained64. Which of the following sentences expresses a fact? ______.A. Mary and her son must be home by now.B.Careless reading must give poor results.C. It‟s getting late, and I must leave now.D. He must be working late at the office.65. The following are all dynamic verbs EXCEPT ______.A. remain.B. Turn.C. write.D. knock.2012年54. My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch.A. be sentB. were sentC. were to be sentD. must be sent55. Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS?A. B.no.sh.wil.b.eatin.dinner..... B. .shal.neve.d.tha.again.C．M.brothe.wil.hel.yo.wit.th.luggage..D．Yo.shal.ge..promotion．60. Which of the following best explains the meaning of“Shall we buy the tickets first”?A. He said that we were going to buy the tickets first.B. He requested that we buy the tickets first.C. He suggested that we buy the tickets first.D. He advised us to buy the tickets first.63. A: Mother, you promised to take me out. B: Well_____A.s..did...B.s.di.I..C.s..do...D.s.d.I2011年MAND?A.Be.you.pardon..B.Hav..goo.time...C.Neve.d.tha.again..D.Wha.nois.yo.ar.making!54.Whe.yo.hav.finishe.wit.th.book.don’.forge.t.retur.i.t.Tim.____.?A.d.yo...B.wil.yo...C.don’.yo..D.won’.youedmand..B.a..condition..C.fo.concession..D.fo.emphasis.61.It’te.I’.rathe.yo._____.now.A.lef.B.Leav.C.ar.leavin.D.wil.leave64.Th.sentenc.tha.expresse.OFFE.is______.A.I’l.ge.som.drinks.What’l.yo.have..B.Doe.sh.nee.t.boo..ticke.now?........D.Ca.yo.retur.th.boo.nex.week?2010年52.Nancy'.gon.t.wor.bu.he.car'.stil.there.Sh.___.b.bus..A.mus.hav.gon... B.shoul.hav.gon..C.ough.t.hav.gon.. D.coul.hav.gone57.Sh.seldo.goe.t.th.theater._____?.A.doesn'.sh.... B.doe.sh... C.woul.sh.. D.wouldn'.she60.I.i.necessar.tha.h.___.th.assignmen.withou.delay.A.han.i...B.hand.i...C.mus.han.i..D.ha.t.han.in65.____.shoul.no.becom..seriou.disadvantag.i.lif.an.work..A.T.b.no.tal....B.No.bein.tal..C.Bein.no.tal....D.No.t.b.tall2009年51.Wha..nic.day.Ho.abou.th.thre.o.u.____..wal.i.th.par.nearby?A.t.tak..B.tak..C.takin..D.t.b.taking52.I.ther.wer.n.subjunctiv.mood.Englis.____.muc.easie.t.learn.A.coul.hav.bee..B.would'b..C.wil.b..D.woul.hav.been53.Sh.____.fift.o.s.whe..firs.me.he.a..conference.A.ha.bee..B.mus.b.C.ha.bee..D.mus.hav.been58.I.i.goin.t.b.fin.tomorrow._______.A.S.i.it.B.S.i.is.C.S.i.doe..D.S.doe.it.59.Littl.____.abou.he.ow.safety.thoug.sh.hersel.wa.i.grea.danger.A.sh.care.B.sh.ma.car.C.ma.sh.car.D.di.sh.care61.Aren'.yo.tired..___.yo.ha.don.enoug.fo.today.A.shoul.hav.though.B.mus.hav.though.C.migh.hav.though.D.coul.hav.thought62."I.seem.tha.sh.wa.ther.a.th.conference..Th.sentenc.mean.thatA.sh.seem.t.b.ther.a.th.conference.B.sh.seeme.t.b.ther.a.th.conference.C.sh.seem.t.hav.bee.ther.a.th.conference.D.sh.seeme.t.bein.ther.a.th.conference.2008年52. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ________ much better results now.A.woul.b.gettin..B.coul.hav.go..C.mus.ge..D.woul.get58. When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, ________?A.d.yo..B.don'.yo..C.wil.yo...D.won'.you60. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ________.A.i.coul.b..B.coul.b..C.i.wa..D.was61. The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPTA.Ji.di.this..B.Ji.di.so..C.Ji.di.that..D.Ji.did.63. In his plays Shakespeare ________ his characters live through their language.A.woul.mak..B.ha.mad..C.mad..D.makes65. Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?A.Yo.mus.leav.immediately..B.Yo.mus.b.feelin.rathe.tired.C.Yo.mus.b.her.b.eigh.o'clock..plet.th.readin.assignmen.o.time.2007年52.Al.th.President'.Me._______.on.o.th.importan.book.fo.historian.wh.stud.th.Watergat.Scandal.A.remai..B.rem ain..C.remaine..D.i.remainin..53. You ________ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,' I told my friend.A.coul..B.shoul..C.mus..D.ca..54. If only the patient ________ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A.ha.receive..B.receive..C.shoul.receiv..D.wer.receivin..55. Linda was ________ to experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A.t.star..B.t.hav.starte..C.t.b.startin..D.t.hav.bee.startin..56. She ________ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A.mus.b..B.ha.bee..C.coul.b..D.mus.hav.bee..58. The committee has anticipated the problems that ________ in the road construction project.A.aris..B.wil.aris..C.aros..D.hav.arise..59. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ________ impossible to comprehend.A.ha.foun..B.find..C.ha.foun..D.woul.fin..60. He would have finished his college education, but he ________ to quit and find a job to support his family.A.ha.ha..B.ha..C.ha..D.woul.hav..61. The research requires more money than ________.A.hav.bee.pu.i..B.ha.bee.pu.i..C.bein.pu.i..D.t.b.pu.i.63. It is not uncommon for there ________ problems of communication between the old and the young.A.bein..B.woul.b..C.b.D.t.b.64.________ at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.A.Looking.B.looke.C.Bein.looked.D.t.loo.65. It is absolutely essential that William ________ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A.wil.continu..B.continue..C.continu..D.continue..2006年52. If only I ________ play the guitar as well as you!A.woul...B.coul..C.shoul..D.might54. It's high time we ________ cutting down the rain forests.A.stoppe..B.ha.t.sto...C.shal.sto.D.stop55. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ________ impossible to comprehend.A.ha.foun..B.wa.findin..C.ha.foun..D.woul.find56. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone ________ an opportunity to hear the speech.A.ough.t.hav..B.mus.hav..C.ma.hav..D.shoul.have57. I am surprised ________ this city is a dull place to live in.A.tha.yo.shoul.thin..B.b.wha.yo.ar.thinkin.C.tha.yo.woul.thin.D.wit.wha.yo.wer.thinking59. It is imperative that the government ________ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A.attract.B.shal.attrac..C.attrac.D.ha.to63. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ________ the spoilt ones.A.no.countin..B.no.t.coun..C.don'.coun..D.havin.no.counted65. There used to be a petrol station near the park, ________?A.didn'.i..B.doesn'.ther..edn'.it..D.didn'.there2005年51. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.A.woul.b.B.wil.hav.bee.C.wa.D.were54. James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ until yesterday..in.in.D.came55. ________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A..wa.an.alway.wil.be.......B..hav.t.b.an.alway.wil.be.C..ha.bee.an.alway.wil.be.....D..hav.bee.an.alway.wil.be.57. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly two days.A.mus.tak.B.mus.hav.mad.C.wa.abl.t.mak.D.coul.make60. Tha.wa.no.th.firs.tim.h._______.us..thin.it'.hig.tim.w._______.stron.action.agains.him.A.betrayed…tak.B.ha.betrayed…too.C.ha.betrayed…too.D.ha.betrayed…take61. What's the chance of ________ a general election this year?A.ther.bein.B.ther.t.b..C.ther.b..D.ther.goin.t.be62. The meeting was put off because we ________ a meeting without John.A.objecte.havin.B.wer.objecte.t.havin.C.objecte.t.hav.D.objecte.t.having63. ________ you ________ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A.If.had..B.Have.had..C.Should.have.D.I.case.had.2004年42. ________, I'll marry him all the same.A.Wa.h.ric.o.poor.B.Whethe.ric.o.poor.C.Wer.h.ric.o.poor.D.B.h.ric.o.poor.44.________ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A.Woul.yo.b.surprised....B.Wer.yo.surprised.C.Ha.yo.bee.surprised....D.Woul.yo.hav.bee.surprised.45. If not ________ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.A.bein.treate.B.treate. .b.treate. D.havin.bee.treated46. It is imperative that students ________ their term papers on time.A.han.i.B.woul.han.i.C.hav.t.han.i.D.hande.in48. The Minister of Finance is believed ________ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.A.tha.h.i.thinkin.B.t.b.thinkin.C.tha.h.i.t.thin.D.t.think50.________ both sides accept the agreement ________ a lasting peace be established in this region.A.Onl.if.will.B.I.only.would.C.Should.will.D.Unless.would.51. Mr.Wells.togethe.wit.al.th.member.o.hi.family._______.fo.Europ.thi.afternoon.A.ar.t.leav.B.ar.leavin.C.i.leavin.D.leave2003年41. Agriculture is the country's chief source of wealth, wheat ________ by far the biggest cereal crop.A.i.B.bee.C.b.D.being42. Jack ________ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.A.ha.bee.missin.B.ha.bee.misse.C.ha.bee.missin.D.wa.missed44. Who ________ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?A.yo.sai.B.di.yo.sa.C.di.yo.sa.tha.D.yo.di.say47. Th.openin.ceremon.i..grea.occasion.I.i.essentia._______.fo.that.A.fo.u.t.b.prepare.B.tha.w.ar.prepare.C.o.u.t.b.prepare.D.ou.bein.prepared48. Time ________, the celebration will be held as scheduled.A.permi.B.permittin.C.permitte.D.permits53. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ________?A.hadn'.sh.B.hasn'.sh.C.wouldn'.sh.D.didn'.she2002年43. For some time now, world leaders ________ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.A.ha.bee.pointin.B.hav.bee.pointin.C.wer.pointin.D.pointed46. AIDS is said ________ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.A.bein.B.t.b.C.t.hav.bee.D.havin.been49. The experiment requires more money than ________.A.hav.bee.pu.i.B.bein.pu.i.C.ha.bee.pu.i.D.t.b.pu.in50. ________ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.A.Ha.i.no.been.B.Hadn'.i.been.C.Wa.i.not.D.Wer.i.not.51. "What courses are you going to do next semester?"".don'.know.Bu.it'.abou.tim._______.o.something."A.I..decide.B..decided.C..decide.D.I..deciding.2001年42. Even as a girl, ________ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher.A.performin.b.Meliss.wer..........B.i.wa.know.tha.Melissa'.performance.wereC.knowin.tha.Melissa'.performance.wer....D.Meliss.kne.tha.performin.was.43. _.hi.tomorrow.A.Wh.no.t.cal.on.B.Wh.don'.cal.on...C.Wh.no.callin.on..D.Wh.no.cal.on.51. ________ is not a serious disadvantage in life.A.T.b.no.tall.B.No.t.b.tall.C.Bein.no.tall.D.No.bein.tall.2000年41. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorm's long before people ________.A.d.B.hea.C.d.the.D.hearin.it44. Do help yourself to some fruit,________ you?A.can'....B.don'....C.wouldn'.D.won't45. There ________ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A.t.b...B.t.hav.bee.C.bein....D.be48. Yo._______.Ji.anythin.abou.it.I.wa.non.o.hi.business.A.needn'.hav.tol.B.needn'.tel.C.mustn'.hav.tol.D.mustn'.tell49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ________ quite such a crowd of people there.A.weren'.B.hasn'.bee.C.hadn'.bee.D.wouldn'.be51. ________ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn't seem so gloomy.A.Looking.B.Looked.C.Havin.looked.D.T.look.。
航空机务维修术语英汉对照
cleaner
扭力管
torsional tube
区域
zone
扭曲
kink
曲柄
crank
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row
去除深度
remove depth
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gutter
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nick
排水管
drain tube
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skirt edge
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trim
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fuel
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paint
燃油泵
fuel pump
平行
balance
三段
three section
散装
bulk
逃离滑梯
escape slide
刹车
brake
天花板
ceiling
上表面
upper surface
天线
antenna
上述
above
填补
fill
深度
depth
跳开关
breaker
渗漏
leakage
凸轮
cam
升降舵
elevator
图纸
DWG
绳
rope
大于
more than
垫片
washer
单向活门
check-valve
吊仓
nacelle
弹簧片
spring seal
吊点
mount cone
挡块
retainer
调节
adjust
挡雨板
fender
调整片
tap
导线
wire
顶板
ceiling
雅思阅读篇
济南新航道学校IELTS READING雅思阅读高分必备习题集注：本习题集仅供济南新航道内部学员使用，严禁翻印，传阅。
Contents1.Amateur naturalist 业余自然学家（P3）municating Styles and Conflict 交流的方式与冲突(P6)3.Health in the Wild 野生动物自愈.(p10)4.The Rainmaker 人工造雨(P13)5.Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter 舒梅克彗星撞木星(P16)6. A second look at twin studies 双胞胎研究(P19)7.Transit of Venus 金星凌日(P22)8.Placebo Effect—The Power of Nothing安慰剂效应(P25)9.The origins of Laughter 笑的起源(P29)10.Rainwater Harvesting 雨水收集(P32)11.Serendipity:The Accidental Scientists科学偶然性(P36)12.T erminated! Dinosaur Era! 恐龙时代的终结(P40) ADDICTION 电视上瘾(P43)14.E I nino and Seabirds 厄尔尼诺和水鸟(P46)15.T he extinct grass in Britain 英国灭绝的某种草(P50)16.E ducation philosophy教育的哲学(P53)17.T he secret of Yawn打哈欠的秘密(P57)18.c onsecutive and simultaneous translation交替传译和同声传译(P60)19.N umeracy: can animals tell numbers?动物会数数么？(P63)20.G oing nowhere fast(P66)21.T he seedhunters种子收集者(P69)22.T he conquest of Malaria in Italy意大利征服疟疾(P72)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.文章背景：业余自然学家主要讲述的是有一些人，平时喜欢观察自然界的植物生长，养蜂过程，气候变化，等等与大自然相关的变化并且做记录得到一些数据，这种数据叫做“amateur data”. 本文主要介绍业余自然学家以及一些专业自然学家探讨业余自然学家的数据是否能用，以及应该如何使用这些自然学家的数据，其可信度有多少等问题。
学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 2
highlighted texts such as words in bold or italic text;
graphs, tables or diagrams.
Unit 2 Searching for Information
2 Scanning and skimming
1 What does “A.I.” in the title stand for? Artificial intelligence. 2 What is the main idea of the article you may predict from the title? The article may argue for/again the idea that Artificial intelligence will replace human jobs in the future. 3 What does the story in the first paragraph imply? The story tells that computerization threatens to replace
To evaluate source materials
Is the material a primary or a secondary source? Is the source the latest one? Is the author a reliable scholar or an expert in the field? Does the author have biases or prejudices? Has the author been cited frequently in the field? Are the author’s arguments supported by evidence such as statistics, experiment, recent scientific findings? Are different opinions considered and weighed or simply ignored ? Are the author’s arguments and conclusions convincing?
基于模态分析的汽车后视镜结构设计
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的外后视镜高，塑料一体固定座形式的外后视镜结构
图８后视镜固定座加强筋结构优化前后模型图
塑料一体固定座形式外后视镜与带金属固定支架 形式外后视镜有限元模型的材料参数基本一致，只有 固定座的变化，表２示出２种形式固定座的参数对比。
部件
经优化设计也可以满足一般车辆行驶要求。基于模态 分析的外后视镜结构设计，可以在成本与性能之间选 择最佳结合点，在新车型开发时，根据车型定位的要 求，来选择不同结构形式的外后视镜。汽车后视镜属于
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【３】陈鑫．汽车ｃＡＤ技术【Ｍ】．北京：人民交通出版社，２（）０５：１０一１５．
［４】李明惠．汽车应用材料【Ｍ】．北京：机械工业出版社，２００２：１６—８８． （收稿日期：２０１４一ｌｌ—１７）
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某分布式驱动电动汽车复合制动策略设计
1 前言
能源危机和环境污染使得大力发展电能参与驱动 的汽车成为时代的需求[1]，而分布式驱动电动汽车在动 力性、经济性和操纵稳定性方面都有集中式驱动系统无 可比拟的优势[2]。电动汽车可依靠复合制动系统进行制 动能量回收，在电池技术不能取得突破性进展的情况 下，能量回收是提高车辆续驶里程的重要途径[3]。复合 制动策略根据制动系统的不同分为并联式和串联式：并 联式指电机制动力直接按比例叠加到液压制动力之上， 适用于传统制动系统，易于实现，成本低，但能量回收率
Vehicle
Yu Zhuoping1,2, Shi Biaofei1,2, Xiong Lu1,2, Han Wei1,2 （1. School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804; 2. Intelligent Automotive Research Institute, New
汽车技术 · Automobile Technology
某分布式驱动电动汽车复合制动策略设计*
余卓平 1,2 史彪飞 1,2 熊璐 1,2 韩伟 1,2
（1.同济大学，汽车学院，上海 201804；2.同济大学，新能源汽车工程中心，智能汽车研究所，上海 201804）
【摘要】针对某后轴制动器经改制的分布式驱动电动汽车，为保持良好的踏板感觉，以原车（改制前）的总制动特性为
Considering the motor power generation efficiency, total motor efficiency with different front and rear motor force
distribution coefficients is calculated offline, thus the optimal motor force distribution coefficient is obtained according to
信赖安全的刹车维修指南说明书
INFORMATION ON BRAKE REPAIRSRELIANCE. TRUST. PERFORMANCE.Safety first!1. The brake system is a safety system.Repair work on the brake system should only be carried out by trained specialists.2. Use only spare parts that are 100% compatible with the brake systemof the vehicle.3. Use only approved brake pads and brake discs.4. Observe the assembly manuals and the respective, vehicle-specific repairinstructions.The basics of professionaldisc brake repairThe following should always be observed!1. Before installation, compare the new spare parts with the parts you haveremoved.2. Brake discs should always be replaced in pairs and always together withnew brake pads.3. Before mounting a new brake disc, the wheel hub should be metallicallybright, flat, and free from burrs. It must then be preserved using a suitable spray oil.4. A proper repair includes the replacement of all accessory parts, such asguide plates or screws. Please always use all parts provided.5. Brake caliper shafts must be clean and rust-free, and the brake caliperguides must run smoothly.6. Use only metal-free brake paste on the contact points between the brakepad and brake caliper. Avoid excessive greasing.7. Components should be clean, should operate smoothly, and should begreased correctly in order to guarantee that the brake system functions properly and to prevent unnecessary noise.8. In order to prevent damage to the wheel suspension or wheel hub, roughmechanical handling must be avoided when removing and installing brake components.9. For correct assembly, always use brake-specific tools or, if necessary,special tools. Observe the prescribed tightening torques!10. Since new brake discs and brake pads first need to adjust to one another,the brake system must be run in immediately following the repair. Comply with the vehicle manufacturers’ run-in instructions!Brake pad structure1. Steel pad base plateThe pad base plate is individually adapted to the requirements of the respective brake system with regard to the quality, strength, and tolerance.Its task is to dissipate temperature and to guide the pad in the brake caliper. A powder coating enables the base plate to be given reliable corrosion protection. 2. Lining adhesiveSpecially developed adhesives with a phenol resin base permanently join the brake pad to the base plate and ensure a high shearing strength.3. Intermediate layerThe intermediate layer, also known as an underlayer, ensures the adhesion between the friction material and the adhesive. This improves the hardness, minimises the risk of cracking, and adds to the comfort features of the brake pad in general.4. Friction materialThe friction material has a very demanding job to do, and is therefore precisely tailored to meet the needs of the respective field of application.1345255765. Secondary measureVarious damping measures, or secondary measures, can be implemented on the brake pad in order to eliminate vibration noise. In addition to the familiar damping plates, a damping lacquer coating may also be used or a special modification may be made to the friction material.6. Wear indicatorWear indicators are monitoring devices for detecting when the brake pads need to be replaced. Mechanical displays are riveted onto the base plate. Electronic wear indicators are embedded in the friction material as an additional sensor.7. MarkingFor clear identification, the approved brake pads are marked with an imprint on the rear of the base plate. This ensures that it is always possible to determine where, when, and by whom the brake pad was manufactured.2564131. ECE number2. PA4029GFPA (manufacturer) 4029 (material key)GF (US friction value code)3. Hella Pagid part number 4. Hella Pagid batch number- defines the unique product composition 5. Environmental code6. Part number/technical information numberBrake pad markingSecondary measuresBraking noise is caused by friction value fluctuations during braking. Secondarymeasures are intended to suppress high-frequency vibrations and thereforeprevent noise. These measures can vary from vehicle to vehicle depending onthe structure of the brake system. In some brake pads, several measures maybe used simultaneously.Additional noise-damping measures on the rear of the base plate.These include a lacquer coating, textile surface, adhesive film, or additionaldamping plate.➔These measures and features further improve the braking effect anddriving comfort➔Adhesive film also secures the brake pad in its operating position andprevents misalignments and noiseBrake pad with adhesive filmChamfersChamfers are tapers in the friction surface individually developed for each brake pad. The final contour of the chamfer is determined through extensive driving tests as well as on test stands.Task➔To improve the transition between the brake pad and brake disc • Sharp edges are avoided➔To reduce vibrations and noise when initiating the braking process • By altering the contact surface on the brake disc, the pressure on thebrake pad is increased even at low speedsWeights on the brake padAn additional weight mounted on the brake pad increases the overall mass and thus reduces the resonant frequency of the component.Depending on the design and positioning of the weight, the resulting vibration damping can reduce noise in a targeted manner or eliminate it altogether. The design of the weight may vary depending on the vehicle manufacturer and thebrake system.Slots in the brake padDepending on the size and shape of the brake pad, cracks may form in the friction lining as a result of temperature-dependent expansion.Slots are milled into some brake pads in order to prevent these cracks. These also reduce noise and hold brake pad wear particles.Directional brake padsThese brake pads are adapted to the installation position in the brake caliper and the running direction of the brake disc through special secondary measures such as chamfers or damping plates.A crescent-shaped recess on the rear alters the press-on position of the piston-side brake pad. This reduces noise and improves the comfort characteristics. The running direction is indicated by an arrow. Special installation instructions are provided for the respective brake pads.Damage patterns ofdisc brake padsSeparation of the brake padThe brake pad is coming away from the base plate Cause:➔Thermal overload➔Underlying rust➔Base plate warped due to inaccurate fit or assembly faultThermal overloadBrake pad damaged by overheating.The binding agents in the pad are destroyed and the brake pad material cracks. Cause:➔Jammed or stuck brake pad➔Jammed or stuck guide sleeve➔Brake caliper piston is stiff➔Extreme driving patterns or continuous brakingprocessingThe brake pad has been mechanically altered.The subsequent processing of a brake pad, for example modifying the brake pad contour or the base plate, is not permitted. Unauthorised modifications to the brake pad result in altered braking characteristics and, in extremecases, may lead to failure of the wheel brake.Worn patches and scoringThe surface of the brake pad exhibits marked scoring and worn edges. Cause:➔New pads were mounted on old, worn brake discs➔Foreign body between the brake pad and the disc➔Environmental influences (salt, dirt, etc.)Material or edge breaks The brake pad has broken out at the edges. Cause:➔Thermal overload➔Faulty assemblyExcessive wearBrake pads are worn down to the base plate. Cause:➔Inadequate maintenance➔Inspected too infrequently➔Continuous braking on descentsFaulty assemblyAssembly instructions not observed.The adhesive film on the back was not removed prior to assembly. Furthermore, the film has been needlessly greased with brake paste. This installation error leads to the brake pad being positioned incorrectly in the brake caliper, resulting in noise and premature wear.Damage patterns ofbrake discsOverheated brake discJudder marks.Cause:➔Thermal overload in the break-in phase➔Violent or sudden brakingEffects:➔Noise and vibrations when braking from high speedsBrake disc discoloured from standingCause:➔Brakes used too infrequently➔Leaving the vehicle parked for long periods and environmental influences cause corrosion and surface changes of the friction ringEffects:➔Braking noises➔Signs of judderingNon-uniform thickness of friction ringCause:➔Faulty or unclean assembly of the brake disc on the wheel hub➔Contact surface on the wheel hub not properly cleaned Effects:➔Wobbly movement of the brake disc➔Disc runout when braking only slightly➔Juddering when coldBrake disc with scoringCause:➔Overloading➔Effects of dirt➔Poor-quality brake padEffects:➔Reduced braking effect➔Noise➔Increased wearBrake disc with severe heat cracksCause:➔Mechanical alternating loads➔Thermal overloadRust underneath the contact face of thebrake disc chamberCause:➔Faulty assembly➔Wheel hub not properly cleanedEffects:➔Non-uniform thickness➔Lateral runoutCracks near the disc chamberCause:➔Wrong torque➔Faulty assemblyEffects:➔Reduced stability➔Noise➔Steering wheel flutterProfessional inspection ofthe brake systemBrake fluidCheck the brake fluid level at the expansion tank.➔The display should be between MIN and MAX.A low fluid level may indicate a brake system leak or worn brake pads. Only use new brake fluid that has been approved for the vehicle type!➔Check: Wet boiling point, water content critical (>3%) Change intervals:Every 24 months. Observe the vehicle manufacturer's maintenance specificationsBrake padBefore installing new brake pads, a visual check of the removed brake pads should first be carried out.Check the brake pad for exterior damage:➔Check the surface structure of the friction lining for cracks or joints➔Check the pad base plate for deformation or jammingCheck the contact patterns of the friction surfaces for wear:➔The wear pattern may indicate further possible faults in the brake system Wear limit:➔Brake pad (friction lining): At least 2-3 mmAlways observe the wear limit of both brake pads on one wheel side!Observe the vehicle manufacturer's wear specifications!Brake pad wear indicator➔Check the wear indicator and wiring for correct position and function➔Check the wiring and connectors for damage and correct position➔The wear indicator must be replaced with new brake pads!Brake disc➔Check the friction surfaces for scoring, wear, and corrosion.➔Check the minimum strength, thickness difference, and lateral runout of the brake disc.➔Minimum thickness: The MIN TH- value (mm) is stamped onto the disc.➔Disc runout: Max. 0.07 mm.➔Friction ring thickness difference: Max. 0.012 mm.You must always observe the model-specific technical specificationsof the vehicle manufacturer!Wheel hub➔Check the surfaces for damage and corrosion.➔Check the concentricity of the wheel hub.➔Check the lateral runout of the wheel hub: Max. hub runout: 0.03 mm. The contact faces must be clean, rust-free, and metallically bright!Do not grease the contact faces! A faulty wheel bearing or impermissible wheel bearing play can lead to uncomfortable braking characteristicsof the vehicle.Brake caliperCheck that the mechanical components of the brake caliper are functioningproperly:➔Check the brake pad guides and caliper guides for contamination, damage, and corrosion.Check that the hydraulic components of the brake caliper are functioning properly:➔Check that the pistons move easily: Jammed pistons result in faulty play and thus to overheating of the brake pads.➔Check the dust protection boot of the brake piston for damage: Faulty collars lead to corrosion of the piston and the bore hole.Check the guide bolts for ease of movement; check the protective plug and damping sleeves for damage:➔Faulty components result in unwanted noise, incorrect wheel brake function, and premature or uneven brake pad wear.During a repair, it is recommended to also replace the brake pad accessory kit!Wheel suspension and wheelsDuring the brake repair, it is recommended to also check the components in the area of the wheel brake, such as the wheels, threads, wheel bolts, steering, and axle suspension.Components that are damaged or not functioning properly have an effect on the braking characteristics.Inspection on brake test standaccordance with the EC directive.➔Braking force of service brakeFront axle: Max. difference 25%➔Braking force of service brakeRear axle: Max. difference 25%➔Braking force of parking brakeManual operation: Max. difference 50%be observed!Assembly instructionsThe assembly instructions and notes included in the packaging must always be followed!These contain special instructions, for example:➔Safety instructions for repair work on an electro-hydraulic brake system. ➔Directional disc brake pads.➔Disc brake pads with removable film on the backplate.Observing the installation instructions helps to prevent assemblyfaults and complaints!HELLA PAGID fluids – A greatproduct rangeOPTIMUM BRAKING PERFORMANCE. MAXIMUM SAFETY.EASY CARE AND MAINTENANCE.The comprehensive range of brake fluids from HELLA PAGID offers brake fluids that can be used individually for all conventional brake systems: DOT 3, DOT 4, DOT 4 LV, DOT 5.1, LHM. HELLA PAGID brake fluids are available in a range of container sizes.The brake fluid product range from HELLA PAGID is appropriately supplemented with brake cleaner and mounting paste.The brake cleaner from HELLA PAGID attracts brake dust and is a reliable means of removing oil, grease, dirt, and brake fluid – and it leaves no residue. In order to ensure safe functioning in the long term, the wheel brake must undergo regular maintenance. During maintenance, all mechanical parts should be greased with a temperature-resistant, non-metallic, permanent lubricant.The reprinting, distribution, reproduction, exploitation in any form and disclosure of the contents of this document, even in part, is prohibited without our express written approval and indication of the source. The case examples illustrated in this document are for demonstration purposes only and do not claim to be complete.HELLA Automotive 5CNGU +PE 201 Kelly DrivePeachtree City, GA 30269 1.877.224.3552 *******************© Hella Pagid GMBH, EssenJ01314/02.18。
戴尔S3221QS显示器维修手册说明书
31.5" LCD Monitor Dell S3221QSServiceServiceServiceSimplifiedImportant Safety NoticeProper service and repair is important to the safe, reliable operation of all DELL Company Equipment. The service procedures recommended by DELL and described in this service manual are effective methods of performing service operations. Some of these service operations require the use of tools specially designed for the purpose. The special tools should be used when and as recommended.It is important to note that this manual contains various CAUTIONS and NOTICES which should be carefully read in order to minimize the risk of personal injury to service personnel. The possibility exists that improper service methods may damage the equipment. It is also important to understand that these CAUTIONS and NOTICES ARE NOT EXHAUSTIVE. DELL could not possibly know, evaluate and advise the service trade of all conceivable ways in which service might be done or of the possible hazardous consequences of each way. Consequently, DELL has not undertaken any such broad evaluation. Accordingly, a servicer who uses a service procedure or tool which is not recommended by DELL must first satisfy himself thoroughly that neither his safety nor the safe operation of the equipment will be jeopardized by the service method selected.Hereafter throughout this manual, DELL Company will be referred to as DELL.WARNINGUse of substitute replacement parts, which do not have the same, specified safety characteristics may create shock, fire, or other hazards.Under no circumstances should the original design be modified or altered without written permission from DELL. DELL assumes no liability, express or implied, arising out of any unauthorized modification of design.Servicer assumes all liability.FOR PRODUCTS CONTAINING LASER:DANGER-Invisible laser radiation when open. AVOID DIRECT EXPOSURE TO BEAM.CAUTION-Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.CAUTION -The use of optical instruments with this product will increase eye hazard.TO ENSURE THE CONTINUED RELIABILITY OF THIS PRODUCT, USE ONLY ORIGINAL MANUFACTURER'S REPLACEMENT PARTS, WHICH ARE LISTED WITH THEIR PART NUMBERS IN THE PARTS LIST SECTION OF THIS SERVICE MANUAL.Take care during handling the LCD module with backlight unit-Must mount the module using mounting holes arranged in four corners.-Do not press on the panel, edge of the frame strongly or electric shock as this will result in damage to the screen. -Do not scratch or press on the panel with any sharp objects, such as pencil or pen as this may result in damage to the panel.-Protect the module from the ESD as it may damage the electronic circuit (C-MOS).-Make certain that treatment person’s body is grounded through wristband.-Do not leave the module in high temperature and in areas of high humidity for a long time.-Avoid contact with water as it may a short circuit within the module.-If the surface of panel becomes dirty, please wipe it off with a soft material. (Cleaning with a dirty or rough cloth may damage the panel.)1. Exploded view diagram with list of items3No. Description Q’ty1 PANEL 12 DECO_BEZEL 13 BEZEL_BTM 14 SPONGE 15 MIDDLE_FRAME 1BOARD 17 KEY8 KEY 19 KEY_POWER 1BOARD 110 CONVERTERBOARD 111 MAINBOARD 113 ADAPTER15 MAINFRAME 118 SPEAKER 1 No. PartNo. Description Q’ty21 Latch NA 1 6 Q01G6019 1 SCREW(MIDDLEFRAME/DECO BEZEL) 1222 SPRING 2 12 0D1G1030 6120 SCREW D3 6(MAIN BOARD/POWER BOARD/MAINFRAME) 1223 STAND_BUTTON 1 14 QM1G38400601200ARA SCREW -- 6mm(POWER BOARD/MAINFRAME) 124 BKT_HINGE 1 16 0M1G3030 4120 SCREW 3 4(MAINFRAME/PANEL) 425 REAR_COVER 1 17 0M1G3030 4120 SCREW 3 4 (MIDDLEFRAME/PANEL) 1527 stand ass'y 1 19 0Q1G2030 6120 SCREW M3 6(SPEAKER/PANEL) 428 BASE_ASS’Y 1 20 0Q1G2030 6120 SCREW M3 6(LATCH/REAR COVER) 329 LOGO DELL 1 26 0M1G2940 10125 SCREW M4 10(REAR COVER/MAINFRAME) 442. Wiring connectivity diagramConnector Ass’y PN:Connector Ass’y PN: 395G179X51N52700HFConnector Ass’y PN: Connector Ass’y PN: 395G076Q00852700HFConnector Ass’y PN:This Connector welding in Key Board3.Mechanical InstructionTools RequiredList the type and size of the tools that would typically can be used to disassemble the product to a point where components and materials requiring selective treatment can be removed.Tool Description:- Phillip head Screwdriver- Hex Screwdriver- Penknife3.1 Disassembly Procedures:Step Figure RemarkS1.Before disassembleTurn off power, Unplug external cables from productS2.Remove the STAND-BASEASS’YP u sh the button to remove the stand-base assy.S3.Remove the REAR COVERUse a Philips-head screwdriver to remove 4 screws for unlockingmechanisms . (No.1~4 screw size=M4x10; Torque: 12±2kgf.cm)Use Penknife toseparate the bezel andrear cove follow thearrows in sequence,then you can take outrear cover.S4.T ear off thetapesT ear off 5 pieces ofaluminum foil a nd 2pieces of tapes.Disconnect the lampcable from theconnectors of thepower board and panelmodule. Use aPhilips-headscrewdriver to remove4 screws for unlockingthe speakers.(No.1~4 Screwsize=M3x6, Torque:4±1kgf.cm)S5.Remove main board and powerboardRemove the Mylar. Use a Philips-head screwdriver to remove 12 screws for unlocking the main board and the adapter board(No.1~11 screwsize=D3x6, Torque: 6±1kgf.cm)(No.12 screw size=M4x6, Torque: 6±1kgf.cm)D isconnect all of the cablesS6.Remove the bezel and panelUse a Philips-head screwdriver to remove 15 screws for unlocking the middle plastic bezelwith the whole unit, and then remove the middle plastic bezel carefully.(No.1~15 screw size=M3x4,Torque=3±0.5kgfxcm)S7.Remove the key boardUse a Philips-head screwdriver to remove 3screws to remove the key board.(No.1~3 screw size=M6x19,Torque=0.9±0.4kgf.cm)S8. Remove the BEZEL_BTMUse a Philips-head screwdriver to remove 7 screws for unlocking the BEZEL_BTM and the Panel.(No.1~7 screw size=M6x19,Torque=0.9±0.4kgf.cm)3.2 Assembly Procedures:Step Figure RemarkS1.Assembly the BEZEL_BTMUse a Philips-head screwdriver to tighten 7 screws for locking theBEZEL_BTM and the Panel.(No.1~7 screw size=M6x19,Torque=0.9±0.4kgf.cm)S2.Assembly the KEY BOARDUse a Philips-head screwdriver to tighten 3screws to locking the key board.(No.1~3 screw size=M6x19,Torque=0.9±0.4kgf.cm)S3.Assembly the Be zel and panelUse a Philips-head screwdriver to tighten 15 screws for locking the middle plastic bezelwith the whole unit, and then remove the middle plastic bezel carefully.(No.1~15 screw size=M3x4,Torque=3±0.5kgfxcm)S4. Assembly the MAIN board and power boardUse a Philips-head screwdriver to tighten 12 screws for locking the main board and the adapter board(No.1~11 screw size=D3x6, Torque:6±1kgf.cm)(No.12 screw size=M4x6, Torque: 6±1kgf.cm)Connect all of the cables And pasted the mylar sheetS5. Connect the FFC cable ,Pasted the TAPEsConnect the lamp cable from the connectors of the power board and panel module.Use a Philips-headscrewdriver to tighten 4 screws for locking the speakers.(No.1~4 Screw size=M3x6, Torque: 4±1kgf.cm)P asted 5 pieces ofaluminum foil a nd 2pieces of tapes.S6.A ssembly theR ear coverUse a Philips-headscrewdriver to tighten 4screws for lockingmechanisms.(No.1~4 screwsize=M4x10; Torque:12±2kgf.cm)S7.Assembly theStand4. Trouble shooting instructions。
工艺英语
to return material/stock to退料 scraped |'skræpid|报废 scrape ..v.刮;削 deficient purchase来料不良 manufacture procedure制程 deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良 oxidation |' ksi'dein|氧化 scratch刮伤 dents压痕 defective upsiding down抽芽不良 defective to staking铆合不良 embedded lump镶块 feeding is not in place送料不到位 stamping-missing漏冲 production capacity生产力 education and training教育与训练 proposal improvement提案改善 spare parts=buffer备件 forklift叉车 trailer=long vehicle拖板车 compound die合模 die locker锁模器 pressure plate=plate pinch压板 bolt螺栓 name of a department部门名称 administration/general affairs dept总务部 automatic screwdriver电动启子 thickness gauge厚薄规 gauge(or jig)治具 power wire电源线 buzzle蜂鸣器 defective product label不良标签 identifying sheet list标示单 screwdriver holder起子插座 pedal踩踏板 stopper阻挡器 flow board流水板 hydraulic handjack油压板车 forklift叉车 pallet栈板 glove(s)手套 glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套 thumb大拇指 forefinger食指 midfinger中指 ring finger无名指 little finger小指