blue plain wastewater treatment plan
水污染的建议书
水污染的建议书英文回答：Water pollution is a significant environmental issuethat poses serious threats to human health, aquatic ecosystems, and the overall well-being of our planet. It'sa complex problem with myriad causes and far-reaching consequences. I'm deeply concerned about the devastating effects of water pollution and feel compelled to offer my suggestions for addressing this pressing challenge.Industrial activities, agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and littering are just a few of the human-induced factors that contribute to water pollution. These pollutants can include toxic chemicals, heavy metals, pesticides, and pathogens that contaminate our water bodies. When consumed or ingested, contaminated water can lead to a range of health issues, from gastrointestinal problems to cancer and reproductive disorders.Protecting our water resources is paramount. Here are some concrete suggestions that I believe can make a meaningful difference:Enforce stricter regulations and penalties for polluters. Governments must hold industries and individuals accountable for their actions by implementing stringent regulations and imposing hefty fines for non-compliance. This will deter polluters and incentivize responsible behavior.Invest in wastewater treatment facilities. Many developing countries lack adequate wastewater treatment infrastructure, resulting in raw sewage being discharged directly into rivers and streams. Investing in these facilities is essential for preventing the spread of waterborne diseases and protecting aquatic life.Promote sustainable agricultural practices. Farmers should adopt eco-friendly methods such as crop rotation, cover crops, and precision fertilization to minimize the use of pesticides and fertilizers that can pollute watersources.Reduce plastic consumption and waste. Plastics are a major source of marine pollution, as they break down into tiny pieces that are ingested by wildlife and can accumulate in the food chain. Reducing our reliance on single-use plastics and promoting recycling cansignificantly reduce plastic pollution in our oceans.Educate the public about the importance of water conservation and pollution prevention. Raising awareness about the harmful effects of water pollution can foster behavioral changes that contribute to cleaner water bodies. Educational campaigns can encourage responsible water consumption, proper waste disposal, and support for conservation efforts.By working together, we can turn the tide on water pollution. Governments, industries, and individuals all have a role to play in safeguarding this precious resource. It's time to act decisively to ensure that future generations have access to clean and healthy water.中文回答：水污染是一个严重的环境问题，对人类健康、水生生态系统和我们星球的整体福祉构成了严重威胁。
给排水专业英语汇总
UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering排水工程sewetage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering水文学 hydrology水力学 hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment流域 watershed水体 waterbody地表水surface water新鲜水 freshwater地下水 groundwater含水层 aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环naturalhydrologic cycle渗滤 infiltration降水 precipitation渗入 precolation蒸发 evaporation蒸腾 transpiration城市水文循环 urbanhydrologic cycle水源 water source水资源waterresource取水waterwithdrawal水处理watertreatment配水waterdistribution用水 water use污水 wastewater废水 abwasser废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体 receivingwaters污染pollutionpollute污染物 pollntant玷污、污染contamination致污物 contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染waterpollution水污染控制waterpollution control水污染防治water pollution prevention 污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源 surface water resource管网 Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system 分区供水系统dual distribution system 小区 micro district 小社区small community冷水供水系统 coldwater supply system热水供水系统hotwater supply system消防系统fireprotection system喷淋系统fireprotection sprinklersystem自动水幕系统automatic drenchersystem半自动水幕系统semiautomatic drenchersystem消火栓 hydrant排水系统drainagesystem生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制combinedsewers分流制separatesewers建筑排水系统building drainagesystem卫生洁具plumbingfixtures卫浴设备bathroomfixtures输水系统watertransmission system漏水率 leakage rate配水系统waterdistribution system环状管网gridsystem支状管网 branchingsystem下水管道sanitarysewer污水节流管intercepting sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewersystem污水节流井 sewage intercepting cell支管collectionsewer collector sewer生活污水sanitarysewagedomesticsewage domesticwastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物industrial wastes农业用水agriculturalwastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位 waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度 grade倾斜度 slope 明渠 Open channel开挖 excavation深度excavationdepth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头 pressure head总水头 total headUnit 3水头损失 Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压 Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line重力流 Gravity flow 水塔 Water castle贮水箱 Cistern泵站 Pump station给水泵站 Water pumpstation污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站 Lift pumping plant增压泵 Booster pump 离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇 Submerine深井泵 Well pump虹吸虹吸管 Siphon人孔 Manhole法兰 Flange阀门 Valve闸阀 Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量 Flow rate流速 Fluid velocity 层流 Laminar flow 滞流粘性流viscousflow过渡流Transitionalflow湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow涡流 Eddying flow雷诺数Teynoldsnumber水质 Water guality水源 Water sources供水水源Watersupples原水 Raw water未处理水Untreatedwater出水 Finished water原水水质Raw-waterquality水质标准Waterquality standards水质要求Waterquality requirements饮用水Drinkwater\potable water自来水 Tap water纯水 Pure water饮用水标准 Drinkingwater standards饮用水一级标Primarydrinking waterstandards最大允许浓度 Maxmumpermissible levelsmaxmumallowable levels最大污染物浓度 Maxmumcontaminant levels主要污染物Primarycontaminants有机化合物Organicchemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organicchemicals挥发性有机化合物Volatile organic ohemicals无机化合物 Inorganic chemical微生物Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染 Microbial contaminants病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms病原体 Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌 Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒 Viruses藻类 Algae浊度 Turbidity 放射性 Radionuclide感官性状Estheticqualities审美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colour变色 Discolouration变色 Discolor水质物理参数Physicalparameters of waterquality水的物理性质Physical quality ofwater浊度值Turbidityvalues浊度单位Turdidityunit浑浊单位 Turdid嗅阈值 Threshold odornumber化学性质Chemicalquality水质化学参数Chemicalparameters of waterquality溶解氧Dissolvedoxygen DO溶解氧浓度 Do level溶解氧平衡 Do balance氧损 Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organicpollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygendemand BOD总氮Total nitrogenTN总凯式氮TotalKjeldahl nitrogen TKN悬浮固体Suspendedsolids SS总悬浮固体Totalsuspended solids TSS溶解 Dissolved DS总溶解Total dissolved TDSUnit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese硬度 Hardness碱度 Alkalinity盐度 Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity 慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因 Gene难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals永久性有机污染物Persistent organicpollutants致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷Trihalomethanes卤素 Halogen甲基 Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷 Chloroform杀虫剂农药 Pesticide害虫 Pest杀虫剂 Insecticide除草剂 Herbicide杀菌剂 Germicide细菌 Germ防腐剂 Preservative保证 Preserve清洗剂 Cleaning agent洗涤剂 Detergent发泡剂 Foaming agent泡沫 Foam化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的 Trophic营养水平Trophiclevel生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage原废水 Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水处理过程Waterprocessing收集 Collect处置 Dispose处理方法Treatmentmethod处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀 Equalize调蓄水池 Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank 降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分离 Separate隔离 Separation物理法Physical process 物理处理Physicaltreatment物理处理过程 Physicaltreatment process一级处理Primarytreatment初步处理Preliminarytreatment格栅筛滤 Screening格栅 Screen格栅 Bar screen栅条 Bars钢栅条 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circulargrinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清池 Clarifier初澄清池Primaryclarifier初沉池Primarysettling tank一级出水Primaryeffluent二级处理Secondarytreatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatmentprocess生物处理Biologicaltreatment二澄清池Secondaryclarifier二沉池Secondarysettling tank最终澄清池Finalclarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水 High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipalwastewater treatment市政工程Municipalengineering土木工程Civilengineering城市污水处理厂Municipalwastewater treatmentplant污水处理能力Sewagetreatment capacity电容 Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatmentfacilities多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理池 Treatment tank负荷 Load负荷 Loadings水力负荷Hydrauticloading污染负荷Pollutantload有机负荷 Organic load无机负荷Inorganicload不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodicintermitlentloading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝n.coagulation混凝过程 coagulationprocess化学混凝chemicalcoagulation凝聚n.aggregation絮凝 n. flocculationv. flocculate 异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂 n. coagulant 混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage烧杯实验 jar test最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂 coagulant aid 助凝剂 flocculation aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes快速混合 flash-mix , rapid-mix 快速混合器 flash mixer , rapidmixer混合池 mixer tank快速混合池 flash-mix tank絮凝器 n. flocculator絮凝池 flocculation tank固体接触池 solids-contact tank 澄清n. clarificationv. clarify 澄清池 n. clarifier 高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier 澄清水 clarifying water2．沉淀 n.sedimentation 沉降n.sedimentation自由沉降 plain settling拥挤沉降 hinderedsettling重力沉降 gravitysettling沉淀池 settling tank 沉淀池,沉降池 sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池rectangularsettlingtank圆形沉淀池 circularsettling tank 管式沉淀池 tubesettler斜管沉淀池 steeplyinclined tube settler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler 板式沉淀池plate separator气浮 n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-airfloatation气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device 撇去 v. skim浮渣 n. scum浮渣槽 scum trough刮泥机 sludge scraper 排泥 sludge drawoff sludge withdrawal 预沉淀n. presedimentation 预沉淀池presedimentation basin 3．过滤 n. filtration 滤池 n. filter慢滤池 slow filter快滤池 rapid filter高速负荷滤池high rate filter砂滤池 sand filter 慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质,滤料 filter medium石英砂 silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite 硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池 dual media filter双层滤池 two-layer filter粗滤料 coarse media细滤料 fine media助滤剂 filter aid 滤后水,滤出水filtered water滤后水,滤池出水filter effluent滤前水,滤池进水filter influent浊度穿透turbiditybreakthrough 过滤周期 filter cycle 清洗周期 cleaning cycle刮砂法 scraping method表面刮砂 surface scraping反冲洗 backwashing 水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash水力分级 hydraulic grading4．消毒 n. disinfection v. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectantdisinfection agent 杀菌剂 n.germicide消毒过程disinfection process 消毒副产物disinfection by-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water预氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物 by-productsofchlorination 化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants 液氯 liquidchlorine ,liquefied chlorine 氯胺n.chloramines 次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠 sodiumhypochlorite二氧化氯 chlorinedioxide臭氧 n. ozone 臭氧化,臭氧消毒 n.ozonation 臭氧化 v. ozonate 紫外线UVultraviolet radiationUV 伽马射线 gamma radiation灭活n.inactivationv. inactivate 接触时间 contacttime 需氯量 chlorinedemand加氯量,投氯量chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯,游离氯 free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorine residual化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorineresiduals折点氯化法breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorinationcurve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorinebreakpoint压力钢瓶 pressuredsteel cylinder臭氧发生器ozonegenerator需臭氧量ozonedemand剩余臭氧量ozoneresidual剩余臭氧residualozone致病微生物,病源微生物pathogenicmicroorganisms病原体n.pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria orviruses细菌 n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliformbacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebiccysts孢子,芽孢n.spores病毒 n. viruses藻类 n. algae原生动物n.protozoa5．氧化 n. oxidation还原 n. reduction氧化剂 n. oxidant 强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法 AOP advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺 AOP advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程 AOP advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术 AOTadvancedoxidation technology6．吸附 n. adsorption 活性炭 AC activated carbon粉末炭 PAC powdered activated carbon粒状炭 GAC granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭GAC granular activated carbon活性炭纤维 ACF activated carbon fiber 再生n. regeneration v. regenerate吸附剂 n. adsorbent 吸附质 n. adsorbate 吸附塔,吸附柱 adsorption column吸附床 adsorption bed空床接触时间 empty bed contact time吸附带 mass transfer zone快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test 生物活性炭 BAC biologicalactivated carbon7．离子交换 n. ionexchange离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ionexchanger离子交换柱 ionexchange column硬度 n. hardness 除硬 hardnessremoval软化 n. softening v. soften化学软化 chemicalsoftening沉淀软化precipitation softening除盐,脱盐 n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process复床 combined bed混合床 mixed bed 8．膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透 n. osmosis 半透膜semipermeable membrane 电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析 n. dialysis 9．其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀 chemical precipitation沉淀软化precipitation softening 电解n. electrolysis电除盐EDI n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却 n. cooling 冷却水coolingwater冷却塔coolingtower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n. microorganismsn.microbes 微生物种群microbial population混合群落mixed communities细菌 n. bacteria原生动物 n. protozoa真菌 n. fungi轮虫 n. rotifers 生长 n. growth 繁殖n. reproduction世代时间 generation time生长速率 growth rates 环境因子 environmental factors生态因子 ecological factors微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics1. 迟滞期 lag phase2. 对数生长期 exponential-growth phase3. 减速生长期 decling growth phase 稳定期 stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage内源生长期 endogenous growth phase 内源呼吸 endogenousrespiration 底物,基质 n. substrate底物基质利用 substrate utilization 生物量 n. biomass生物反应 biological reaction生物氧化 biological oxidation生物降解 n. biodegradation生物降解性 n. biodegradability生物可降解的,可生物降解的a.biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable 生物处理 biologicaltreatment 废水生物处理 biological wastewatertreatment 废水生物处理系统biological wastewatertreatment system污水生物处理系统biological sewagetreatment system生物处理法biological treatmentprocess生物处理装置biologicaltreatmentunit串联 in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes生物固体 biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜 n. biofilm代谢 n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定,稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢 biologicalmetabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria 好氧环境aerobicenvironment厌氧环境anaerobic environment 营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal 生物硝化biologicalnitrification硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化,生物脱氮biologicaldenitrification生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法 activated sludge process 微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌 n. bacteria生物絮体 biological floc微生物絮体 microbial floc活性污泥 activated sludge絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥 RAS returnedactivated sludge 回流污泥 returned sludge 回流污泥 recycled sludge 剩余污泥 excess sludge废活性污泥 WAS waste activated sludge 废污泥 waste sludge 曝气池 aeration tank 曝气池 aeration basin 曝气池 aeration chamber 完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池 activated sludge tank曝气 n. aeration混合 n. mixing 曝气系统 aerationsystem曝气器 n. aerator压缩空气 compressedair空气压缩机,空压机air compressor鼓风机,风机 n.blower循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover 扩散装置,扩散器 n.diffuser 空气扩散装置,空气扩散器 air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置扩散器 bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置扩散器fine-bubble diffuser 扩散板 plate diffuser扩散管 tube diffuser扩散罩 domediffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡 fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器 surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量 air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体 VSSvolatile suspendedsolids混合液mixedliquor混合液悬浮固体MLSSmixed liquor suspendedsolids混合液挥发性悬浮固体MLVSS mixed liquorvolatile suspendedsolids污泥沉降比SVsettling velocity污泥容积指数SVIsludge volume index比耗氧速率SOURspecific oxygen uptakerate污泥龄 sludge age曝气池容积 aerationtank volume曝气时间aerationperiod曝气时间aerationtime水力停留时间HRThydraulic residencetime水力负荷hydraulicloadingBOD负荷 BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventional activatedsludge process传统活性污泥法conventional activatedsludge process标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process分段 v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减 v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n.reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobictreatment process高负荷完全混合活性污泥法high-rate completelymixed activated sludgeprocess延时曝气活性污泥法extended aerationactivated sludgeprocess延时曝气法 extendedaeration process延时曝气extendedaeration氧化沟oxidationditch水平转刷 horizontalrotor转刷曝气rotoraeration笼型转刷cagedrotor吸附—生物降解工艺 AB法adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法 SBR法sequencing batchreactor SBR process、序批式活性污泥法 SBR法sequential batchreactor SBR processSBR法 SBR process序批式反应器SBRsequencing batchreactor SBR 序批式反应器 SBR sequential batch reactor初沉 primary clarification 曝气 n. aeration 二沉 secondary clarification初沉池 primary clarifier二沉池 secondary clarifier泵送系统 pumping system 活性污泥法 activated sludge process变体 n. variantSBR 运行周期 SBR cycle处理周期 process cycle 进水阶段 fill phase 进水阀 influentvalve反应阶段 react phase 沉淀阶段 settle phase清水,上清液 clear water上清液 n. supernatant排水阶段 draw phase 滗水阶段 decantphase 滗水装置 decant mechanism闲置阶段,待机阶段 idle phase营养物去除 nutrient removal 营养物生物去除biological nutrientremoval碳源 carbon source 硝化n.nitrificationv. nitrify 硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria反硝化 n. denitrificationv. denitrify 脱氮n.denitrification 生物反硝化,生物脱氮biologicaldenitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺A/O 法anoxic-oxicprocess厌氧—缺氧—好氧法A 2/O法anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O 法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 厌氧氨氧化 ANAMMOXanaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 膜生物反应器 MBRmembranebiological reactor 2．生物膜法生物膜 n. biofilm生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor生物滤池 n. biofilter生物过滤 n. biofiltration旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler填料 n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubularor honeycomb-shaped packings滴滤池 trickling filter普通生物滤池 trickling filter高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter曝气生物滤池 BAF biological aerated filter生物转盘法 biodisc process生物转盘 rotating biological contactor生物转盘 n. biodisc塑料盘片 plasticdiscs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴 horizontalshaft生物粘液biological slime 粘液层 slime layer 生物流化床biological fluidizedbed biological fluidisedbed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bedbioreactor 移动床生物膜反应器MBBRmoving-bedbiofilm reactor 3．厌氧生物处理 发酵n. fermentation v. fermentate产酸细菌 n. acidogens 产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens 产酸阶段 acidogenic phase 产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase水解 n. hydrolysis v. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation 产氢产乙酸 H 2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷 methanogenesis产酸菌 acid formers 产甲烷菌 methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids 挥发性脂肪酸 VFAs volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction 硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducingbacteria上流式厌氧污泥床 UASB upflow anaerobicsludge blanket 上升流速 upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器 ABRanaerobicbaffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理 two-stage anaerobic biotreatment 两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobicbiotreatment产酸相 acidogenicphase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化 n. digestionv. digest 消化池 n. digestor 厌氧消化 anaerobicdigestion 污泥消化 sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contactprocess厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor 厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor 厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统 natural purification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理landtreatment of wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化naturalpurification污水塘 sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilizationlagoons氧化塘oxidationponds好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultativepond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemicalreaction厌氧生化反应anaerobic biochemicalreaction厌氧分解 anaerobicdecomposition厌氧分解 decomposeanaerobically好氧稳定aerobicstabilization细菌 n. bacteria藻类 n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流,出水 effluentflow光合作用n.photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobicpond曝气塘 aerated pond修饰塘polishingpond熟化塘maturationlagoon深度处理塘advanced treatment pond 三级处理塘tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺过程 land treatment processes关键因素 critical factors土壤类型 soil type 气候 n. climate 土地处理系统 land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slowrateland treatment system低负荷土地处理系统 low-rateland treatment system三级处理水平 tertiary treatmentlevel灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate 土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质 natural filtration andadsorption properties of soil 投配的废水 applied wastewater 垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统,喷灌布水系统 sprinklersystems快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltrationland treatment system 渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolati on land treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method过滤作用 filteringaction吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流 overlandflow 径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程 physical , chemical ,and biologicalprocesses 湿地 n. wetland 天然湿地 naturalwetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland 第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥 n. sludge生活污水污泥 sewage sludge污泥体积,污泥量sludge volume原污泥,生污泥 raw sludge新鲜污泥,生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥,熟污泥digested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimatedisposal填埋 n. landfill污泥减量sludgevolume reduction污泥稳定化sludgestabilization污泥浓缩n.thickening污泥浓缩sludgethickening稳定,稳定化n.stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理调节n.conditioningv. condition脱水n.dewateringv. dewater干化 n. drying污泥干化场sludgedrying bed污泥干燥 heat drying干燥器 n. dryer污泥焚烧,污泥焚化 n.incineration焚烧炉,焚化炉n.incinerator污泥浓缩sludgethickening物理过程physicalprocess含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥 thin sludge处理装置 treatmentunit浓缩池n.thickener重力浓缩gravitythickening重力浓缩池 gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickened underflow浓缩污泥 thickened sludge出水 n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流 v. overflow堰 n. weir 气浮浓缩floatation thickening 溶气气浮dissolved-airfloatation气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去 v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer 污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestion v.digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestion process活性污泥池activated sludge tank 预制的成套活性污泥处理系统prefabricated package activated sludge treatmentsystems预制的接触稳定或prefabricate d contact stabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷 BOD loading 细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池covered circular tank 消化过程 digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestionprocess生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸organicacids挥发性脂肪酸VFAsvolatile fatty acids甲烷气 methane gas末端产物endproduct指示剂n.indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludgesettling污泥储存sludgestorage消化污泥digestedsludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester supernatant中温消化mesophilic digestion高温消化thermophilic degestion污泥脱水sludgedewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handlingcosts第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groundwater resource水短缺waterscarcity 回用 n. , v. reuse废水回用 wastewater reuse直接回用 direct reuse直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse 间接回用 indirect reuse间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse出水处理 effluent treatment回用水 reclaimed water排放 n. , v. discharge保留n. retention 循环 n. recycling v. recycle部分处理 n. partial treatment最终用途 end use城市污水回用 municipal wastewaterreuse灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉 landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwater recharge 市政回用 municipalreuse 直接市政回用direct municipal reuse 深度处理,高级处理advanced treatment分质供水系统dual-distributionsystem间接市政回用indirectmunicipalreuse供水系统,给水系统water supply system取水口 n. intake 天然同化能力naturalassimilativecapacity人工回灌artificial recharge 深井注射 deep-wellinjection浅表布水 shallow surface spreading渗透n.percolation 工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水,过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水,过程补充水plant process makeup water冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optional treatment水费 water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater 工业过程industrial processes 冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatmentsystem间接灌溉回用indirect reuse forirrigation废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用stormwater reuse可回用水reusablewaterPart Ⅸ: 第九部分：投资成本,投资费用capital costs建设成本,建设费用construction costs运行成本,运行费用operating costs能耗成本energycosts运行维护 operationand maintenance运行控制operational control控制系统controlsystem仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统,自控系统automaticcontrol system。
印染废水处理的英语
印染废水处理的英语英文回答：Textile Wastewater Treatment.Textile wastewater treatment is a critical environmental issue due to the significant amounts of hazardous chemicals and pollutants discharged into water bodies. These pollutants can harm aquatic life, contaminate drinking water sources, and pose risks to human health.Effective textile wastewater treatment involves amulti-step process that aims to remove or reduce pollutants to acceptable levels before discharging the treated water into the environment. The treatment process typically begins with a preliminary treatment stage, where large solids and suspended particles are removed using physical methods such as screening and sedimentation.The next step involves chemical treatment, wherecoagulants and flocculants are added to destabilize pollutants and promote their agglomeration into larger flocs. These flocs are then removed through sedimentation or flotation.Biological treatment is often employed as the next stage, where microorganisms break down organic pollutants into simpler, less harmful substances. Activated sludge, trickling filters, and anaerobic digestion are commonly used biological treatment technologies.Advanced treatment processes, such as membrane filtration, electrocoagulation, and ozonation, may be necessary to remove residual pollutants or meet stringent regulatory requirements.中文回答：印染废水处理。
牛仔裤的环保染料研究英语美文
牛仔裤的环保染料研究英语美文They can be tight, flared, ripped at the knee. Jeans e in all styles and colours these days, but one hue will always be synonymous with the world’s favourite garment: indigo blue.如今，牛仔裤有各种款式和颜色，款式有紧身的、喇叭式的、露膝盖的。
但是有一种颜色一直是世界上最受欢送的服装的代名词：靛蓝色。
To satisfy the world’s seemingly insatiable demand for blue denim, more than 45,000 tonnes of indigo dye are produced every year, with much of the waste making its way into rivers and streams, conservationists say.环保主义者称，为满足世界对蓝色牛仔布无尽的需求,每年要生产45000多吨靛蓝染料，同时造成大量的废物流入河流和小溪。
On Monday, scientists announced they had developed a greener method to produce the coveted tint -- using lab-grown bacteria.周一, 科学家们宣布他们已经开发出一种更加绿色环保的方法，生产人们一直渴望的色调——利用实验室培育的细菌。
While not yet mercially viable, the technique holds promise for a "much-needed to the historic, but unsustainable, indigo dyeing process," researchers wrote in the journal Nature Chemical Biology.研究人员在《自然化学生物学》杂志上撰文称，这项技术虽然还没有商业可行性, 但是有望改进“历史上亟需更新的但不能长期保持色泽的靛蓝染色工艺。
水污染的建议书
水污染的建议书英文回答：Water pollution is a serious global issue that affects the health of our planet and its inhabitants. Contaminants from industrial activities, agricultural practices, and human waste can enter water bodies, causing harm to aquatic ecosystems and posing risks to human health. Understanding the different types of water pollution and their potential impacts is crucial for developing effective strategies to address this pressing environmental concern.One major type of water pollution is chemical contamination. Industrial effluents, pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals can find their way into water sources, altering the delicate balance of aquatic ecosystems. These contaminants can harm fish and other wildlife, and they can also be dangerous to humans who ingest or come into contact with contaminated water. For example, exposure to mercury can damage the nervous systemand kidneys, while lead can impair cognitive development in children.Another significant type of water pollution is nutrient pollution. Excessive nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, can enter water bodies from agricultural runoff, sewage treatment plants, and stormwater discharges. These nutrients can cause algal blooms, which deplete oxygenlevels in the water and can lead to fish kills. In addition to harming aquatic life, algal blooms can also producetoxins that are harmful to humans and animals.Pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites,are another major source of water pollution. These contaminants can enter water bodies through sewage overflows, animal waste, and contaminated runoff. Pathogens can cause a variety of waterborne diseases, including cholera, typhoid, and dysentery. These diseases can be particularly dangerous for children and people with weakened immune systems.The impacts of water pollution are far-reaching and canhave significant consequences for human health, the environment, and the economy. Degraded water quality can lead to loss of biodiversity, reduced recreational opportunities, and impaired drinking water supplies. Moreover, water pollution can contribute to the spread of waterborne diseases, which can have devastating health and economic impacts. For instance, the World Health Organization estimates that waterborne diseases cause over 800,000 deaths each year, primarily in developing countries.Addressing water pollution requires a comprehensive approach that involves reducing pollution sources,improving wastewater treatment, and implementing water conservation measures. Governments, industries, and individuals all have a role to play in protecting our water resources.中文回答：水污染是一个严重的全球性问题，它威胁着我们星球及其居民的健康。
污水处理后续工作计划
污水处理后续工作计划英文回答：Wastewater Treatment Post-Processing Plan.1. Introduction.Wastewater treatment is a crucial process forprotecting public health and the environment. However, the treatment process generates significant amounts of sludge and other residual materials that require proper management and disposal. This plan outlines the post-processing strategies for wastewater treatment residuals to ensure their safe and sustainable handling.2. Sludge Management.Sludge is the semi-solid material that settles out of wastewater during the treatment process. It typically contains organic matter, nutrients, and microorganisms.Proper sludge management involves several steps:Dewatering: Removing excess water from the sludge to reduce its volume and make it easier to handle.Stabilization: Treating the sludge to reduce pathogens and prevent odors.Disposal or Reuse: Disposing of the stabilized sludgein a landfill or incinerating it, or reusing it as agricultural fertilizer or soil amendment.3. Residuals Recycling and Reuse.In addition to sludge, wastewater treatment processes also generate other residuals, such as:Biogas: A methane-rich gas that can be used as a renewable energy source.Inorganic Solids: Sand, grit, and other non-organic materials that can be reused in construction or landscaping.Nutrient-Rich Water: Treated wastewater that can be reused for irrigation or industrial purposes.4. Regulatory Compliance and Monitoring.Proper wastewater treatment residuals management is essential to comply with environmental regulations and protect human health. Regular monitoring and reporting of residuals handling practices ensure that they meet regulatory standards.5. Community Engagement and Education.Engaging with the community and educating them about wastewater treatment residuals management is crucial for building public trust and support. Outreach programs can inform residents about the importance of proper residuals handling and encourage their participation in recycling and reuse initiatives.6. Continuous Improvement.Wastewater treatment technology and residuals management practices are continuously evolving. The plan should incorporate a mechanism for ongoing evaluation and improvement to optimize residuals handling and minimize environmental impacts.中文回答：污水处理后续工作计划。
给水排水设计基本术语中英对照翻译
4> 给水工程中输配水管网的术语及其涵度应符合下列规定：
1、 自灌充水 将离心泵的泵顶设于最低吸水位标高以下，启动时水靠重力充入泵体的引水方式。
14、 平流沉淀池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank 水沿水平方向流动的沉淀池。
15、 异向流斜管 (或斜板)沉淀池 tube(plate)settler 池内设置斜管(或斜板)，水自下而上经斜管(或斜板)进行沉淀，沉泥沿斜管(或斜板)向下滑动的沉淀的池。
16、 同向流斜板沉淀池lamella 池内设置斜板，沉淀过程在斜板内进行，水流与沉泥均沿斜板向下流动的沉淀池。
2、 转输流量 水厂向设在配水管网中的调节构筑物输送的水量。
3、 配水管网 distribution system ，pipe system 将水送到分配管网以至用户的管系。
4、 环状管网pipe network 配水管网的一种置形式，管道纵横相互接通，形成环状。
5、 枝状管网 branch system 配水管网的一种布置形式，干管和支管分明，形成树枝状。
36、 污泥处理 sludge treatment 对污泥的最终安排。一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等。
37、 水头损失 head loss 水流通过管渠、设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗。
二、 室外给水术语
1> 给水工程中系统和水量方面的术语及其涵度，应符合下列符合下列规定：
1、 直流水系统 once through system 水经过一次使用后即行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
(完整版)土木工程专业英语-复习重点词汇
Lesson1civil engineering土木匠程structural engineering结构工程water resources engineering水源工程environmental engineering环境工程transportation engineering运输工程construction engineering建筑工程community and urban planning社区与市政规划survey丈量，勘察engineering management工程管理drainage system排污系统utility公共设备groundwater地下水material property(behavior)资料性能potential潜能，电位pressure压力stability稳固性earthquake地震wastewater treatment plant废水办理厂air scrubber空气净化器installation安装strength强度rate of flow流率frame work框架，构架natural resource自然资源discipline学科，分枝predominate 居支配地位，（数目上）占优势geotechnical 岩土工程的specification详述，说明书，清单supervise 监察，管理subcontractor转包合同asphalt 沥青aluminum铝runoff雨量，流量lock 水闸，闸门fill 装填物，填土scrubber 清洗器incineration焚化toxic 有毒的combustible易燃的ramp 斜坡excavate 发掘aerial 空气的，航空的sonic 声音的，音速的，利用音波的plotting 测绘，标图municipal市政的，地方的commission 委员会Lesson2budget估算raw material原资料compression压缩compressive strength抗压强度tension拉伸tensile strength抗拉强度support支撑vertical垂直的horizontal水平的column柱子beam梁frame construction框架结构cantilever悬臂梁golden section 黄金切割点mathematical formulas 数学公式stress应力strain应变character特征，性能geography地理shelter 遮盖处encompass 包含，环绕identical完整同样的illumination照明parlance说法，用法edifice大建筑物，大厦dominant支配的，占优势nave 初期教堂中殿，中央广场aisle 走廊transept 教堂的交错通道apse 教堂的后殿balustrade 栏杆intermediate中间的clue 线索colonnade 柱廊，柱列aspiration 志向，盼望incarnation 化身，表现blank wall 挡墙cave dweller 穴居人Gothic cathedral 哥特式大教堂Lesson3component构件load-carrying capability蒙受能力ptioartin隔板，隔墙heating and cooling system加热与冷却系统superstructure上部建筑substructure基础foundation基础，地基steel framework刚架结构cast-iron铸铁reinforced concrete钢筋水泥masonry砌体corrugated steel deck涟漪钢地板ateral force(deformation)侧向力（变形）transparent透明的，清晰的opaque 不透明的pre-cast concrete预浇铸水泥stiffness硬度rib肋骨slab beam薄板梁ventilating通风three-dimension三维的，立体的hinge绞链elastic property弹性性能truss桁架plumbing system水管系统partition 分开，隔墙converter 炼钢炉surpass 超出exterior 外面（的）lintel 过梁deck 甲板corrugate 弄皱duct 管道，预应力筋孔道ancillary 协助的ventilate 使通风conceal 隐蔽Lesson4stressed-skin tube承力表层式筒体lateral sway侧面位移stiffness刚度，刚性boundary condition界限条件rigid belt trusses刚性带式桁架framed tube框式筒体column-diagonal truss tube基础，地基bundled tube筒系统spandrel beams拱梁rigid shear wall tube刚性承剪墙式筒体composite material复合资料spectacular 壮观的sway 摇晃，歪，使倾斜residential 居住的，住所的innovation 创新，新事物eliminate 清除column 柱，圆柱物demonstrate 证明，示范project 凸出，投射，工程truss 框架bundle 捆，束terminate 使停止fa?ade 房子的正面，外观perimeter 四周，周界encroach 侵犯high-rise building 高层建筑reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土spandrel beam 窗下墙的墙托梁shear wall 剪力墙curtain wall悬墙，幕墙bearing wall承重墙plumbing system 卫生设备系统conduit 管道stratification 分层，层理exhibit 显示，表现Lesson5Lesson6organic matter有机物质ventilate使通风，使换气noxious odor有毒气体mobile vehicle灵巧车辆dis-infection消毒thermal diffusion热扩散，热漫布bacteria细菌thermal equilibrium condition热均衡条件viruses病毒thermal vibration热振动protozoa原生动物central heating中央加热coagulation凝结humidity湿度，湿气activated carbon活性碳climate天气biological disc生物转盘suction吸，吸力，吸气metropolitan都市的chamber焚烧室microorganism微生物shaft轴pesticide杀虫剂refrigerating冷冻herbicide除草剂plenum system压力通风系统potable water可饮用水pedestal基础，底座dewater脱水acoustics 声学，建筑物的传音性compost混淆肥料cognizance 认识，注意centrifuge离心分别机charcoal 木炭afterburner加力焚烧室aperture孔隙，口径cement mortar水泥沙浆potbelly大腹electrostatic precipitator 静电积淀剂hypocaust 热坑fluid-bed流化床canopy 天蓬，防雨盖板purification净化pedestal 基座，柱脚，底座cloak 斗篷horticultural 园艺的convector 对流器apparatus 器材，设备amelioration 改良，改良suction 吸气，吸力ubiquitous 广泛存在的perforate 穿孔，打洞trough 沟，槽Mediterranean 地中海的plenum system 压力通风系统terra-cotta 陶瓦Thames River 泰晤士河Lesson7span跨度，跨距pedestrians行人highway公路，高速公路roadway车行道，路面forming成型shaping修整tropical regions热带地域suspension bridge吊桥bridge pier桥墩stability稳固性anchor锚定overlap重叠，交迭cantilever bridge悬臂式桥梁corbel arch突拱rigid beam刚性梁girder梁 , 钢桁的支架stretch拉伸buckle屈曲cable电缆，索valley 山谷obstacle 阻碍aqueduct 水渠，引水桥barge 驳船，用船运输isolated 隔绝的，独自log 原木vine 葡萄树，藤蔓slant 倾斜，鞋面subsoil 基层土，天然地基aerialist 高空杂技师tightrope钢丝abutment桥墩，桥台anchorage 锚定，固定支座stretch 拉伸，睁开girder 桁架，主梁，撑杆intersect 横断，订交intermediate pier中间墩Lesson8initiate开始，发动authority权利，当局approach通路，路过，靠近safe factor安全因子chip碎裂weather受侵害，使风化hardening process硬化过程yield strength折服强度laminate层叠failure无效stress and strain应力和应变static load静载荷dynamic load or live load动载荷impact冲击bump冲击，碰撞vibration振动tremor震动，抖动dynamic behavior动向性能wind tunnel风洞revenue收入，税收durability持久性tremor 震动，地震debris 碎片，残骸cofferdam 围堰caisson 沉箱，沉井hazardous 危险的temporary 临时的ingenuity 独创性，灵巧性，精良derrick 人字起重机winch 卷扬机，绞车guardrail 护栏accessory 附件，协助设备toll 通行费preliminary design初步设计tensile strength抗拉强度yield strength 折服强度suspension bridge 吊桥，悬索桥compressed air 压缩空气Lesson11layout规划，设计terrain地形right of way可通行ground mapping地图测绘expressway高速公路，快车道traverse横过，穿过metropolitan大城市的，主要城市的acquisition获取substitute取代，取代blueprint宏图，设计图accommodate供给 , 供给，容纳frequency频次，周期capacity容量，能力duration连续时间runoff rate流率roughness粗拙度interstate州际的maintenance保护，养护pavement公路，人行道abutting 周边的speculative谋利的，推断的traverse 横穿recreational娱乐性的，供消遣的gradation分级，级配，层次expressway 高速公路compact 压实，捣实accommodate 供给，容纳，适应caliche 钙质壳，生硝oyster 砾，牡蛎bituminous含沥青的catchbasin 汇水渠，雨水井adverse 相反的，不利的precipitation 积淀，降水量，地形性降雨photogrammetric 拍照制图的outlet 出口，排水口 pneumatic-tired roller 气胎压路机 publicutilities 公共设备calcium chloride 氯化钙guard rail 护栏Lesson12traffic routing交通路线freeway高速公路through streets直通大街one-way streets单行线，单行道regulation规则，规章，法例intersection十字路口，交错点expedite加快，派出pavement marking 路面标志artery动脉，干线congestion拥堵，充血crosswalk斑马线，人行横道symbol信号bit字节alleviate减少，和缓off-peak periods非顶峰时间bottleneck道路的瓶颈，狭道interference矛盾，扰乱mileage英里数，行车里程curvature 曲折，曲率shift转移，轮班，替代reliance 信任，依赖的人或物reversible可逆的，回行的channelization管道化，河流疏浚intersection十字路口，交错点conflict 矛盾interference矛盾，扰乱，互相影响remote 遥感的，远程的arbitrary随意的，随机的bottleneck 狭道，交通拥堵periphery外头，边沿off-peak periods非顶峰时间Lesson16Lesson17footing基础，底座layout设计，部署rectangular长方形，矩形master schedule设计任务书trapezoidal梯形，不规则四边形subsidiary协助的，增补的description描述，描述forecast展望，预料enlarge扩大，增添procurement获得，获取retention保存，保持expedite加快，促使discontinuity中断，不连续fabricate制作，结构subside下沉，沉降comply with照做infiltrate浸透，浸透，透过formwork模型资料basement基础，地下室budget估算，做估算encase包裹，围住unit cost单位成本accumulate聚集，聚积time card计时卡片flexibility弹性，挠性overrun超出，高出backfill回填，装填time study工时定额研究admixture混淆物，掺合物water table地下水位mat foundation板式基础fissure裂痕，裂纹slab foundation平板基础execution履行，达成，施工plain concrete素水泥invoice发票，发货单sump水坑，积水井dismantle拆卸，拆掉grout水泥浆，灌浆clarify 澄清，说明，净化weep渗漏，滴水payroll 薪资单swell 膨胀，涨水，增大，隆起productivity 生产力，劳动生产率bulldozer 推土机，压路机shovel 铲，发掘机dragline 拉索，拉铲挖土机clamshell 抓斗，蛤壳式挖泥机scraper 铲运机，刮土机，平土机haul 拖，拉，拖运contamination污染，污染物wellpoint降低地下水位的井点，深坑点fragment断片，碎块solidify 凝结，固结ingredient成分，配料silo 竖井，发射井amalgam 软的混淆物slip form滑动模板，滑模Lesson18deform变形physical property物理性能elasticity弹性plasticity塑性brittle碎性的fracture断裂elastic modulus弹性模量extrude挤压hydration水化pulverize研磨成粉durability持久性synthetic合成的，人造的resin树脂，胶质thermosetting 热固塑料thermoplastic热塑性塑料seashell贝壳，海贝ultimate tensile strength极限抗拉强度grain 颗粒，粒面elasticity 弹性，弹力，弹性力学 stiffness 刚度，硬度secular 世俗的，现世的，非宗教的pyramid 金字塔，四周体stack 堆叠，齐整地对其slate 石板瓦，铺石板timber木材，原木conifer 针叶树spruce 云杉cabinetwork 细木匠，细木家具cellular 细胞的，分格的，多孔状的grain 颗粒，纹理，粒面silicon 硅manganese 猛negligible 能够忽视的douglas fir 美国松Lesson19overall所有的，全面的collapse坍毁，崩溃ascertain确立，探知stability稳固性exert施加，全力reaction force反作使劲static equilibrium静力均衡line of action作用线determinate静定indeterminate超静定equivalent相等的，相当的lateral force测向力coplanar共面的nonconcurrent不集中于一点的normal法线approximate近似的，大概的redundant剩余的superposition叠加，重叠inversion倒置matrix矩阵procedure步骤，过程facilitate促使，简化abrupt忽然的，不连续的nonconcurrent 非共点的reaction反响反作用，反力superposition叠加，重合contraflexure 反向玩去simultaneous 联立的，同时的algebra 代数laborious 艰辛的，费劲的multiplication 乘法，倍增invert 反演，倒置，转变，颠倒random 随意的，随机的neutral axis 中和轴pin joint铰接angular displacement角位移earthquake-resistant 抗地震的statically indeterminate structure超静定结构。
工厂污水处理的基本流程
工厂污水处理的基本流程英文回答：The basic wastewater treatment process in factories includes several stages to remove contaminants and pollutants from wastewater generated by industrial activities. The typical steps involved in factory wastewater treatment are:1. Pretreatment:Screening: Removal of large solids, debris, and trash using screens or filters.Equalization: Balancing the flow and concentration of wastewater to prevent shock loads on subsequent treatment units.2. Primary Treatment:Sedimentation: Gravity settling of suspended solids, forming sludge.Flotation: Removal of suspended solids by introducing air or chemicals to float them and skim them off.3. Secondary Treatment:Biological Treatment: Utilizing microorganisms to break down organic matter through processes such as activated sludge, trickling filters, or anaerobic digestion.Chemical Treatment: Employing coagulants andflocculants to remove colloidal and dissolved solids, forming flocs that can be settled or filtered.4. Tertiary Treatment:Filtration: Removal of remaining suspended solids and impurities using filters such as sand filters or membrane filters.Disinfection: Killing harmful microorganisms using methods like chlorination, ozonation, or ultraviolet radiation.5. Sludge Treatment:Thickening: Concentrating sludge to reduce its volume and facilitate further processing.Digestion: Breaking down organic matter in sludge through aerobic or anaerobic processes to reduce its volume and pathogens.Dewatering: Removing water from sludge to create asolid or semi-solid form for disposal or reuse.6. Discharge or Reuse:The treated wastewater meets discharge standards and can be released into receiving water bodies or reused for various purposes, such as irrigation or industrial processes.中文回答：工厂污水处理的基本流程。
治疗环境污水英语作文
治疗环境污水英语作文Title: Treating Environmental Wastewater: A Path to Sustainable Development。
In recent years, the issue of wastewater treatment has become increasingly pressing as the consequences of environmental pollution become more apparent. Addressing this challenge requires concerted efforts from individuals, communities, and governments alike. This essay explores the importance of treating environmental wastewater and suggests strategies to mitigate its adverse effects.Firstly, it is imperative to acknowledge the detrimental effects of untreated wastewater on the environment. Untreated wastewater contains a plethora of harmful pollutants, including pathogens, heavy metals, and organic compounds. When released into water bodies such as rivers and oceans, these pollutants pose serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and public health. They can contaminate drinking water sources, harm aquatic life, and degrade theoverall quality of the environment.Moreover, untreated wastewater exacerbates waterscarcity issues, particularly in regions already facing water stress. By polluting freshwater sources, itdiminishes the availability of clean water for drinking, agriculture, and industrial purposes. This not only undermines human well-being but also hampers economic development and perpetuates cycles of poverty in affected communities.To address these challenges, effective wastewater treatment measures must be implemented. One approach is the construction and maintenance of wastewater treatment plants. These facilities employ various technologies such as sedimentation, filtration, and biological processes to remove pollutants from wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. By treating wastewater at the source, these plants mitigate the adverse effects of pollution and protect both human health and the environment.Additionally, decentralized wastewater treatmentsystems offer a viable solution, particularly in rural and peri-urban areas with limited access to centralized infrastructure. These systems, which include constructed wetlands, septic tanks, and anaerobic digesters, provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly means of treating wastewater locally. They not only reduce the burden on centralized treatment facilities but also promote community engagement and ownership of wastewater management processes.Furthermore, investing in research and innovation is crucial for advancing wastewater treatment technologies and practices. By harnessing the power of emerging technologies such as membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, and resource recovery, we can enhance the efficiency and sustainability of wastewater treatment processes. Moreover, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge sharing among scientists, engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders is essential for driving progress in this field.Education and public awareness also play a vital rolein fostering a culture of responsible wastewater management. By raising awareness about the importance of proper wastewater treatment and the consequences of pollution, we can empower individuals to adopt sustainable practices in their daily lives. Encouraging behavioral change, such as reducing water consumption, properly disposing of household waste, and supporting eco-friendly initiatives, can significantly contribute to mitigating the impacts of wastewater pollution.In conclusion, treating environmental wastewater is imperative for safeguarding the health of ecosystems and communities worldwide. By implementing effective treatment measures, investing in research and innovation, andfostering public awareness, we can mitigate the adverse effects of wastewater pollution and move towards a more sustainable future. Through collective action and commitment, we can ensure access to clean water for present and future generations, thereby promoting environmental stewardship and sustainable development globally.。
污水处理流程(中英文)修改
污水处理流程(中英文)修改污水处理流程Wastewater Treatment Process引言概述：污水处理是一项重要的环保工作，它的目标是将废水中的污染物去除，以保护环境和人类健康。
本文将详细介绍污水处理的流程，包括预处理、初级处理、二级处理和三级处理。
正文内容：一、预处理：1.1 污水收集：污水首先通过管道系统被收集起来，包括家庭、工业和商业建筑物的废水。
1.2 固体分离：在进入处理设施之前，污水中的固体物质需要被分离出来。
这可以通过格栅和沉砂池等设备来实现。
1.3 调节pH值：污水中的pH值可能会影响后续处理步骤，因此在进一步处理之前，需要调节pH值至适宜的范围。
二、初级处理：2.1 沉淀：在初级处理中，污水被引导进入沉淀池，让悬浮的固体颗粒沉淀到底部，形成污泥。
2.2 气浮：气浮系统可以用来去除污水中的悬浮物质，通过注入气泡使其浮起并被捕获。
2.3 滤料过滤：滤料过滤是一种常用的初级处理方法，通过将污水通过多层滤料床，去除悬浮颗粒和有机物质。
三、二级处理：3.1 好氧处理：在二级处理中，污水经过好氧生物处理，利用微生物降解有机物质。
这可以通过活性污泥法或固定膜生物反应器等方法来实现。
3.2 厌氧处理：某些污水处理工艺还会引入厌氧处理步骤，以进一步去除有机物质和氮、磷等营养物质。
3.3 消毒：为了杀灭病原微生物，经过二级处理的污水可能需要进行消毒处理。
最常用的消毒方法包括紫外线辐射和氯消毒。
四、三级处理：4.1 深度过滤：在三级处理中，污水通过深度过滤系统，去除微小的悬浮颗粒和胶体物质。
4.2 活性炭吸附：活性炭可以吸附污水中的有机物质、重金属和其他有害物质。
4.3 逆渗透：逆渗透是一种高效的水处理技术，通过半透膜去除污水中的溶解物质和微生物。
结论：污水处理是一个多阶段的过程，通过预处理、初级处理、二级处理和三级处理，可以有效去除污水中的污染物质。
这些处理步骤的选择和组合取决于污水的特性和最终排放标准。
废水、废气定期维护监测计划
废水、废气定期维护监测计划英文版Waste Water and Gas Regular Maintenance and Monitoring PlanIntroductionWith the rapid industrialization and urbanization of many countries, the generation of waste water and gas has become a significant environmental concern. To ensure the safety of the environment and the well-being of the community, it is imperative to implement a regular maintenance and monitoring plan for waste water and gas. This plan outlines the strategies, methods, and frequency of monitoring to ensure effective management of these waste products.Objectives of the PlanMinimize the environmental impact of waste water and gas.Ensure compliance with environmental regulations and standards.Prevent pollution and protect public health.Identify and address any issues or irregularities in waste disposal practices.Scope of the PlanThe plan covers all sources of waste water and gas generation, including industrial facilities, municipal waste treatment plants, and any other relevant sources. It also encompasses the collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of these waste products.Monitoring Strategies and MethodsWater Quality Monitoring: Regular sampling and analysis of waste water to assess its chemical, physical, and biological parameters. This includes testing for pollutants such as heavy metals, oil and grease, and biological oxygen demand (BOD).Gas Emission Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of gas emissions using specialized equipment to measure concentrations of harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM).Treatment Plant Monitoring: Monitoring the performance of waste treatment plants to ensure effective treatment of waste water and gas. This includes assessing the efficiency of treatment processes and the quality of treated waste.Compliance Monitoring: Verifying compliance with environmental regulations and standards by conducting audits and inspections of facilities.Frequency of MonitoringThe frequency of monitoring will depend on the type and volume of waste generated, as well as the risk associated with each source. For high-risk sources, monitoring may be conducted daily or weekly. For lower-risk sources, monitoring may be conducted monthly or quarterly.ConclusionThe implementation of a regular maintenance and monitoring plan for waste water and gas is crucial for protecting the environment and public health. By following this plan, we can ensure that waste products are managed effectively,minimizing their impact on the surrounding ecosystem. By monitoring and addressing any issues promptly, we can also prevent pollution and ensure compliance with environmental regulations.废水、废气定期维护监测计划简介随着许多国家工业化和城市化的快速发展，废水和废气的产生已成为一个严重的环境问题。
卫生院废水计划内容
卫生院废水计划内容## Wastewater Management Plan for Health Centers.Introduction.Health centers, as healthcare facilities, are obligated to implement a comprehensive wastewater management plan to ensure the safety and well-being of patients, staff, and the surrounding community. This plan should outline the procedures for the collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater generated within the health center.Wastewater Management Objectives.The primary objectives of a wastewater management plan for health centers include:Protecting public health by preventing the spread of waterborne diseases.Complying with environmental regulations.Minimizing the impact of wastewater discharge on the environment.Ensuring the efficient and safe disposal of wastewater.Wastewater Generation.Health centers typically generate a significant volume of wastewater, including:Domestic wastewater from toilets, showers, and sinks.Medical wastewater from patient care activities, such as surgical procedures and laboratory tests.Pharmaceutical wastewater from medications and medical treatments.Hazardous wastewater from chemical spills and cleaning agents.Wastewater Treatment.The type of wastewater treatment system required depends on the volume and characteristics of the wastewater generated. Common wastewater treatment methods include:Primary treatment: Removes solids and organic matter through sedimentation and filtration.Secondary treatment: Further removes dissolved organic matter and nutrients through biological processes.Tertiary treatment: Advanced treatment processes that remove specific contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and heavy metals.Wastewater Disposal.Following treatment, wastewater can be disposed of through various methods, including:Municipal sewer systems: Connecting to a local sewer system for centralized treatment and disposal.On-site septic tanks: Storing and treating wastewaterin an underground tank.Rapid infiltration basins: Discharging treated wastewater directly into the ground.Irrigation: Reusing treated wastewater for irrigation purposes.Implementation and Monitoring.The successful implementation of a wastewater management plan requires the following measures:Staff training: Providing staff with training on proper wastewater handling practices.Equipment maintenance: Regularly inspecting and maintaining wastewater treatment and disposal systems.Monitoring and sampling: Conducting regular testing to ensure that wastewater is meeting treatment standards.Emergency preparedness: Establishing protocols for responding to wastewater spills or other emergencies.Conclusion.A well-designed and implemented wastewater management plan is essential for protecting public health, complying with regulations, and minimizing the environmental impact of health center operations. By adhering to best practices for wastewater treatment and disposal, health centers can contribute to the well-being of their communities and the environment.## 卫生院废水管理计划。
水污染为主题的策划方案
水污染为主题的策划方案英文回答：Water pollution is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed urgently. It not only affects the quality of our drinking water but also has detrimental effects on aquatic life and ecosystems. In order to tackle this problem, I propose a comprehensive plan that focuses on prevention, regulation, and education.First and foremost, prevention is key to reducing water pollution. This can be achieved through strict regulations and enforcement of environmental laws. Industries and factories should be required to implement effective wastewater treatment systems to minimize the release of pollutants into water bodies. Additionally, promoting the use of eco-friendly products and encouraging individuals to adopt sustainable practices, such as proper disposal of household chemicals and limiting the use of pesticides, can significantly contribute to preventing water pollution.Furthermore, regulation plays a crucial role in controlling water pollution. Government agencies should conduct regular monitoring and testing of water sources to ensure compliance with quality standards. Strict penalties should be imposed on those found guilty of polluting water bodies, serving as a deterrent for potential offenders. Collaborating with international organizations and neighboring countries can also help in addressing transboundary water pollution, as it requires a collective effort to effectively combat this issue.In addition to prevention and regulation, education is vital in raising awareness about water pollution and its consequences. Schools should incorporate environmental education into their curriculum, teaching students about the importance of water conservation and pollution prevention. Public awareness campaigns and community outreach programs can also play a significant role in educating the general public about the impact of their actions on water quality. By empowering individuals with knowledge and encouraging responsible behavior, we canfoster a culture of environmental stewardship.To illustrate the effectiveness of this plan, let's consider the example of a local community. By implementing strict regulations and enforcing them, the community can ensure that industries within their vicinity are adheringto proper waste management practices. Through education initiatives, they can raise awareness among residents about the importance of reducing water pollution and provide them with practical tips on how to achieve this. As a result,the community can significantly reduce water pollution in their area and contribute to the overall improvement of water quality.In conclusion, addressing water pollution requires a multi-faceted approach that includes prevention, regulation, and education. By focusing on these aspects and implementing effective strategies, we can mitigate the adverse effects of water pollution and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.中文回答：水污染是一个迫切需要解决的问题。
污水站污水处理流程
污水站污水处理流程英文回答：Wastewater treatment processes in a sewage station typically involve several steps to remove impurities and pollutants from the wastewater before it is discharged back into the environment. Let's take a look at the general wastewater treatment process:1. Preliminary Treatment:The first step is the preliminary treatment, where large debris and solid materials are removed from the wastewater. This is usually done using screens or grates to catch objects like branches, leaves, and trash. The collected solid waste is then sent to a landfill for disposal.初步处理：污水处理的第一步是初步处理，主要是将污水中的大块杂物和固体物质去除。
通常使用屏幕或栅格来捕捉树枝、树叶和垃圾等物体。
收集到的固体废物随后被送往垃圾填埋场进行处理。
2. Primary Treatment:After the preliminary treatment, the wastewater enters the primary treatment stage. Here, the wastewater is heldin large settling tanks called primary clarifiers. The heavy solids settle to the bottom, forming a sludge layer, while lighter materials float to the surface and are skimmed off. The sludge is then pumped into a separate tank for further treatment.初级处理：经过初步处理后，污水进入初级处理阶段。
污水处理厂环境保护检查计划
污水处理厂环境保护检查计划英文回答：Environmental Protection Inspection Plan for Wastewater Treatment Plant.Introduction:As an environmental engineer responsible for the wastewater treatment plant, I have developed an environmental protection inspection plan to ensure the plant's compliance with environmental regulations and standards. This plan includes regular inspections, monitoring, and maintenance activities to prevent pollution and protect the environment.Inspection Frequency and Scope:The wastewater treatment plant will be inspected on a monthly basis to identify any potential environmental risksor non-compliance issues. The inspection will cover various aspects, including but not limited to:1. Equipment and Infrastructure: I will inspect all the equipment and infrastructure of the plant, such as pumps, pipes, and tanks, to ensure they are functioning properly and not causing any leaks or spills.2. Effluent Quality: I will collect samples of the treated wastewater to test its quality and ensure it meets the required standards before being discharged into the environment. If any issues are found, I will investigatethe cause and take necessary actions to rectify them.3. Waste Management: I will examine the waste management practices at the plant, including the storageand disposal of sludge, chemicals, and other waste materials. Proper handling and disposal methods will be ensured to prevent any pollution or harm to the environment.4. Safety Measures: I will review the safety measuresin place at the plant to protect both the workers and theenvironment. This includes checking the availability and condition of personal protective equipment, emergency response plans, and training programs.5. Environmental Monitoring: Regular monitoring of air, water, and soil quality will be conducted to assess any potential environmental impacts caused by the plant's operations. This will help identify any emerging issues and take necessary actions to mitigate them.Actions and Reporting:If any non-compliance or environmental risks are identified during the inspections, immediate actions will be taken to rectify the issues. This may involve repairing faulty equipment, improving waste management practices, or implementing additional safety measures.A detailed report will be prepared after each inspection, highlighting the findings, actions taken, and recommendations for improvement. This report will be shared with the plant management, regulatory authorities, andother stakeholders to ensure transparency and accountability.Conclusion:By implementing this environmental protection inspection plan, we aim to maintain the highest standards of environmental protection at the wastewater treatment plant. Regular inspections, monitoring, and maintenance activities will help prevent pollution and ensure the plant's compliance with environmental regulations. As an environmental engineer, I am committed to protecting the environment and ensuring a sustainable future.中文回答：污水处理厂环境保护检查计划。
Waste Water Treatment Plant 污水处理案例
primary sludge
• The "primary sludge" from the Primary Settling Basins is pumped to the Hydrocyclone Grit Separator where it is spun, thereby separating the inorganic solids (grit) from the lighter weight organic solids. The grit is disposed of in the City landfill.
• Digestion at 35ºC
Digesters
• Methane gas is produced by this anaerobic digestion and is used as fuel for an enginegenerator providing 240 kW of electrical power used in the treatment process. Waste heat from the engine is recovered for heating the treatment plant buildings and to provide heating to improve the sludge digestion process and produce more gas.
• Reduce organic matter and pollutants--naturally occurring helpful bacteria and other microorganisms consume organic matter in wastewater and are then separated from the water; and,
净化海洋污水工程方案模板
净化海洋污水工程方案模板1. IntroductionThe ocean is one of the most important resources on Earth, providing numerous benefits to humans and other organisms. However, due to human activities, the ocean has become increasingly polluted, mainly due to wastewater discharge. Wastewater contains a variety of pollutants, including chemicals, heavy metals, nutrients, and pathogens, which can harm marine life and ecosystems. To address this issue, a comprehensive wastewater purification project needs to be implemented to protect and restore the health of the ocean.2. ObjectiveThe main objective of the ocean wastewater purification project is to develop and implement effective methods for removing pollutants from wastewater before it is discharged into the ocean. This will help to improve water quality, protect marine ecosystems, and ensure the health and safety of marine life.3. Project ScopeThe purification project will focus on the following key areas:- Identifying sources of wastewater pollution, including industrial, agricultural, and domestic sources.- Conducting a thorough assessment of the types and levels of pollutants present in the wastewater.- Designing and implementing treatment technologies and measures to remove pollutants from wastewater.- Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the purification project in improving water quality and reducing the impact of wastewater on marine ecosystems.4. Methodology4.1 Identifying Sources of Wastewater PollutionThe first step in the purification project will be to identify the sources of wastewater pollution. This will involve conducting a comprehensive survey of industrial facilities, agricultural operations, and residential areas to determine the volume and types of wastewater being discharged into the ocean.4.2 Assessing Wastewater PollutionOnce the sources of wastewater pollution have been identified, the next step will be to conduct a thorough assessment of the pollutants present in the wastewater. This will involve testing samples of wastewater to determine the levels of chemicals, heavy metals,nutrients, and pathogens present. The data collected will be used to develop treatment technologies and measures tailored to the specific pollutants found in the wastewater. 4.3 Designing and Implementing Treatment TechnologiesBased on the results of the assessment, treatment technologies and measures will be designed and implemented to remove pollutants from the wastewater. These may include physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods, such as sedimentation, filtration, oxidation, and disinfection. The goal will be to achieve the highest possible level of purification before the wastewater is discharged into the ocean.4.4 Monitoring and EvaluationThroughout the duration of the project, regular monitoring and evaluation will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the purification project. This will involve testing water samples from the ocean to measure improvements in water quality, as well as conducting surveys of marine life and ecosystems to determine the impact of the purification project on marine habitats.5. Implementation PlanThe implementation of the purification project will be carried out in several phases: Phase 1: Identifying Sources of Wastewater Pollution- Conduct a survey of industrial facilities, agricultural operations, and residential areas to identify sources of wastewater pollution.Phase 2: Assessing Wastewater Pollution- Collect and test samples of wastewater to determine the types and levels of pollutants present.Phase 3: Designing and Implementing Treatment Technologies- Develop and implement treatment technologies and measures based on the results of the assessment.Phase 4: Monitoring and Evaluation- Conduct regular monitoring and evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the purification project.6. Budget and ResourcesThe purification project will require significant financial and human resources to be successful. The budget will need to cover the costs of equipment, testing, treatment technologies, and monitoring activities. Additionally, skilled personnel will be needed toconduct assessments, design treatment methods, and oversee the implementation of the project.7. Environmental and Societal ImpactThe purification project will have a positive impact on the environment and society by improving water quality, protecting marine ecosystems, and ensuring the health and safety of marine life. It will also benefit human populations that rely on the ocean for food, recreation, and livelihoods.8. ConclusionThe ocean wastewater purification project is a critical need to address the increasing pollution of the ocean due to wastewater discharge. By implementing effective treatment technologies and measures, the project will help to protect and restore the health of the ocean, benefiting both marine life and human populations. It is essential to allocate the necessary resources and support for the successful implementation of the project to ensure a sustainable future for our oceans.。
靛蓝废水治理技术
靛蓝废水治理技术靛蓝生产中会产生含26～32％氢氧化亚铁的铁泥，并有32％的亚铁化合物氧化成三价铁状态，可以加入铁粉进行处理，使之形成转化成含95％的氢氧化亚铁，并回用于生产中1。
聚硅铝硼无机高分子絮凝剂(PSBA )可对靛蓝废水进行絮凝处理,经处理后, 靛蓝废水的COD 去除率最高可达64%, 脱色率可达90%,絮凝效果较好2。
对染纱厂牛仔布染织过程中所产生的靛蓝染料废水可使用PAC作为絮凝剂,PAC对该类废水的脱色率、浊度的去除率可达90%左右3。
法、蒸发浓缩法、靛蓝印染废水可以经曝气后用0.03-0.07 kg Ca/Mg盐在pH12～13进行絮凝，再用过氧化氢氧化其中的连二亚硫酸钠及亚硫酸钠进行处理，出水再经中和而排放4,5。
在弱酸性条件下用聚合氯化铝处理靛蓝废水较为有利，去除率可达80％左右，而在中性或碱性条件下去除率仅为20～30％，出水再经MOP502偏氟外压膜过滤，出水中可以回用作印染厂的漂洗水6。
靛蓝废水可以用中和回收、催化氧化除硫，再经二级生化处理，出水水质较好。
所用催化剂为氯化钴7。
靛蓝生产废水可以采用中和沉淀、经铁炭还原沉淀后，用SBR生物反应器处理，出水以粉煤灰处理，可以得到有效的处理8。
靛蓝废水可以通过混凝沉降-生化处理的方法进行处理9。
靛蓝废水可以用二次投药的方法进行处理，然后再进行生化处理，所用的药剂可以用亚铁盐，铁盐及铝盐，其去除效果均较好，亚铁,聚铁类药剂虽有一般较好的絮凝效果, 但因会生成硫铁靛青类染料, 故总体处理效果不好，不宜用于靛兰废水处理，以用碱式氯化铝为宜，经第一级投量处理后的出水再用调节pH，再投加碱式氯化铝和少量双氧水,最后用聚丙烯酸钠处理,则经生物过滤后出水可以回用10,11。
靛蓝废水可以用硫酸进行酸化，当pH为2～3时，可以使靛蓝及悬浮物沉淀，COD可去除44.1％，出水再经聚合氯化铝处理，COD 可去除53.3％，再经生物接触氧化/煤渣处理，过程中采用硫杆菌，以使连二亚硫酸钠降解成硫酸盐及硫，并联合作用光菌以分解有机物，出水可达到国家排放标准12。
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4-7 THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS
8-9 NEXT GENERATION PROJECTS
1
Evolution of Wastewater Treatment
Before 1937, wastewater flowed through the District in open sewers and discharged untreated to the nearest waterway. Before sewers, disposal methods were even more primitive, contributing to epidemics of cholera and dysentery that caused a high death rate. Sewage conveyance and treatment, and the sanitation they brought to the District, were heralded for public health, quality of life and economic benefits. Blue Plains’ treatment provided the first barrier to protect the environment from wastewater generated by those living or working in the region. Half a century later, local waterways were suffering from the population growth of the District and upstream suburbs. Urban and suburban runoff, agricultural runoff and wastewater degraded the health of the Potomac and Anacostia rivers, Rock Creek and the Chesapeake Bay. The Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant remains the best protection for our waterways, as it cleanses the wastewater generated by more than 2 million people, every minute of every day. The plant serves as a barrier to the receiving waters, minimizing the environmental impact of the things we do in our daily lives—not only using the toilet, but washing our clothes, our cars, our dishes, our food, our bodies and our teeth. It is a great service for the region. Environmental protection is an ongoing commitment. The engineers at DC Water continually examine wastewater technology and facilities to remain on the cutting edge and to implement innovative solutions. DC Water has three massive environmental wastewater programs underway, totaling $4 billion. We are committed to improving the health of local waterways, and generating sustainable energy from the wastewater treatment process.
blue plains advanced wastewater treatment plant
A resource recovery facility. Transforming wastewater into clean water and energy.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment
• Serves the population of the District of Columbia on a retail basis. Serves the region on a wholesale basis, providing treatment for more than 1.6 million people in Montgomery and Prince George’s counties in Maryland and Loudoun and Fairfax counties in Virginia. More than 17 million annual visitors.
facilities managed by, and service areas served by, dc water
wቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱlcome
inside:
1
FACTS AT A GLANCE
2
EVOLUTION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
3
THE COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP
In 2012, Blue Plains celebrates 75 years.
Facts at a Glance: Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant
• Service area covers more than 725 square miles.
DC Water’s Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant is the largest plant of its kind in the world, averaging 370 million treated gallons per day, and over one billion gallons per day at peak flow.
15% urban / suburban runoff
3% septic
The cost of innovation and stewardship is significant. For example, the Blue Plains discharge permit issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has three times required the Authority to dramatically reduce the level of nitrogen. This has been achieved through technological and engineering projects. As the nitrogen limits are further reduced, the price increases exponentially. The enhanced nitrogen removal project that is now underway will cost close to $1 billion and is at the limit of technology.
$30.00
$20.00
$10.00 0
$0.84 per lb
14.0 mg/L to 7.5 mg/L
$3.69 per lb
7.5 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L
5.0 mg/L to 3.9 mg/L
Nitrogen concentration achieved
2011 NITROGEN LOADS TO THE BAY BY JURISDICTION mil lbs/yr
2
The Cost of Environmental Stewardship
DIFFERENTIAL COST PER POUND OF TOTAL NITROGEN REMOVED
Differential cost per additional lb
$50.00
$51.49 per lb
$40.00
• Biosolids are generated and beneficially reused. Currently, the Class B biosolids are land applied, supporting agriculture, silviculture, mine reclamation and compost production. In 2014, the biosolids will be anaerobically digested, converting the organic matter to methane for generation of heat and power to help power the plant. The remaining half of the solids will be processed into Class A biosolids with even greater reuse potential.
• Capacity to treat an average of 370 million gallons per day (mgd).