Additional file 4 - Primer pairs used for sequencing and - 副本 - 副本 - 副本

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oligo7中文说明

oligo7中文说明

Oligo使用方法介绍作为目前最好、最专业的引物设计软件,Oligo的功能很强,在这里我们介绍它的一些主要功能:如:普通引物对的搜索、测序引物的设计、杂交探针的设计以及评估引物对质量等等。

在正式进行引物设计前,我们首先面临的一个任务就是向Oligo程序导入模板序列,根据不同的实验情况,导入模板有三种方法:1,直接用键盘输入:a,点击file菜单中的New Sequence 浮动命令,或直接点击工具栏中的New Sequence命令,进入序列展示窗口;b,此时即可键入DNA序列;c,如果需要的话,Oligo提供碱基回放功能,在边键入时边读出碱基,防止输入错误。

点击Edit菜单中的“Readback on”即可。

2,利用复制和粘贴:当我们序列已经作为TXT文件存在或其它oligo不能直接open的文件格式,如word文件.html格式,这个功能就显得很有用了。

在相应文件中复制序列后在序列展示窗口粘贴,oligo会自动去除非碱基字符。

当序列输入或粘贴完成后,点击Accept/Discard菜单中的Accept浮动命令,即可进入引物设计模式。

3,如果序列已经保存为Seq格式或者FASTA,GenBank格式时,oligo就可以直接打开序列文件。

点击File菜单中的“Open”浮动命令,找到所需文件,打开即可。

进入引物设计模式后,oligo一般会弹出三个窗口,分别是6-碱基频率窗口,碱基退火温度窗口以及序列内部碱基稳定性窗口,其中的退火温度窗口是我们引物设计的主窗口,其它的两个窗口则在设计过程中起辅助作用,比如6-碱基频率窗口可以使我们很直观地看到所设计引物在相应物种基因组中的出现频率,如果我们的模板是基因组DNA或混合DNA时,该信息就显得有用了,而内部稳定性窗口则可以显示引物的5’端稳定性是否稍高于3’端等。

一,普通引物对的搜索:以Mouse 4E(cDNA序列)为例。

我们的目的是以Mouse 4E(2361 bp)为模板,设计一对引物来扩增出600-800bp长的PCR产物。

Primer5.0中文说明书

Primer5.0中文说明书
序列粘贴窗口..............…………….……………………………............................9
参数设置...........................……………...............................................9
序列翻译...........................………………………………………….....................12
Edit Codon Table 窗口...........………………………………………………………...............12
z PRIMER 引物设计 .........................…….............................….....14
Primer PREMIER
Version 5.0 for Windows and Power Macintosh
使用说明书
PREMIER Biosoft International
3786 Corina way, Palo Alto, CA 94303-4504 电话 650 856-2703 传真 650 843-1250 电子邮件 sales@
z Motif Analysis 基序分析 .........……………...........................26
Motif Analysis 基序分析 窗口...............…………….....................................26
Motif Sites 基序位点 窗口.....................……......................................26

oligo 使用教程及心得

oligo 使用教程及心得

在正式进行引物设计前,我们首先面临的一个任务就是向Oligo程序导入模板序列,根据不同的实验情况,导入模板有三种方法:1,直接用键盘输入:a,点击file菜单中的New Sequence 浮动命令,或直接点击工具栏中的New Sequence 命令,进入序列展示窗口;b,此时即可键入DNA序列;c,如果需要的话,Oligo提供碱基回放功能,在边键入时边读出碱基,防止输入错误。

点击Edit菜单中的“Readback on”即可。

2,利用复制和粘贴:当我们序列已经作为TXT文件存在或其它oligo不能直接open 的文件格式,如word文件.html格式,这个功能就显得很有用了。

在相应文件中复制序列后在序列展示窗口粘贴,oligo会自动去除非碱基字符。

当序列输入或粘贴完成后,点击Accept/Discard菜单中的Accept浮动命令,即可进入引物设计模式。

3,如果序列已经保存为Seq格式或者FASTA,GenBank格式时,oligo就可以直接打开序列文件。

点击File菜单中的“Open”浮动命令,找到所需文件,打开即可。

进入引物设计模式后,oligo一般会弹出三个窗口,分别是6-碱基频率窗口,碱基退火温度窗口,以及序列内部碱基稳定性窗口.其中的退火温度窗是我们引物设计的主窗,其它的两个窗口则在设计过程中起辅助作用,比如6-碱基频率窗口可以使我们很直观地看到所设计引物在相应物种基因组中的出现频率,如果我们的模板是基因组DNA或混合DNA时,该信息就显得有用了,而内部稳定性窗口则可以显示引物的5’端稳定性是否稍高于3’端等。

一,普通引物对的搜索:以Mouse 4E(cDNA序列)为例。

我们的目的是以Mouse 4E(2361 bp)为模板,设计一对引物来扩增出600-800bp长的PCR产物。

1,点击“Search“菜单中的”For Primers and Probes“命令,进入引物搜索对话框;2,由于我们要设计的是一对PCR引物,因此正、负链的复选框都要选上,同时选上Compatible pairs.在Oligo默认的状态下,对此引物对的要求有:a,无二聚体;b,3’端高度特异,GC 含量有限定,d,去除错误引发引物等。

Primer使用说明书

Primer使用说明书

打开程序首先进入的是序列编辑参看,与并通过来点击按钮来设置一些搜寻参数:这些参数包括引物的Tm值,GC比,有简并性碱基,3’端稳定性,引物的稳定性,重复序列,二聚体/发卡结构和与模板及可能的杂质DNA(需要从另外的序列文件中读入)之间的错配情况,这些参数的设定可以根据要求变化,程序本身根据一定的标准分成从极高严谨性到极低严谨性5个档次。

该程序对引物的自动搜索过程是采用的排除法,根据用户设定的引物范围和产物长度所规定区域内,所有的符合设定的引物长度的寡核苷酸都被视为可能的引物,然后根据以上各个参数逐步去除不符合条件的寡核苷酸,经过这种层层剔除的筛选,最终找到符合用户所设定标准的引物,如果找不到合适的引物可以逐步降低要求来进行进一步搜寻。

搜寻到引物结果最终显示在下面的窗口中:在结果窗口中给出了程序给该对引物的打分(rating)和上下游引物的起始位置和长度以及产物的长度。

通过直接点击各对引物在相应引物搜寻界面中相应的显示引物的各种信息。

包括其各种参数和各种可能存在的不利结构。

其中用File菜单中的Parameter命令可以对系统参数,PCR反应条件和程序打分系统进行设置,以帮助用户根据自己的特殊要求来进行引物设计,其中反应条件按照引物浓度,单价离子浓度,Mg离子浓度,Na盐浓度等。

而打分系统是参照的以下公式:利用该打分系统可以为对引物进行有效评估和和在引物之间进行对比选择提供有效的有效的依据。

除了以上的直观地对引物进行基本的设计和评估功能外,该程序还提供了多种数据报告,主要通过Report菜单和Graph菜单中命令来实现:另外,Primer Premier在引物设计上一个比较独到的功能,就是能辅助进行巢式PCR引物设计,在首先进行了引物自动搜索后,即可通过Function菜单中Multiplex/Nested Primer命令进入巢式PCR引物设计,通过点中代表各个引物的三角号来选择引物,然后根据最下面的窗口中各个引物之间的二聚体形成情况来判断引物是否适合于作为巢式PCR的引物。

Oligo6.0软件使用说明

Oligo6.0软件使用说明

Oligo使用方法介绍作为目前最好、最专业的引物设计软件,Oligo的功能很强,在这里我们介绍它的一些主要功能:如:普通引物对的搜索、测序引物的设计、杂交探针的设计以及评估引物对质量等等。

在正式进行引物设计前,我们首先面临的一个任务就是向Oligo程序导入模板序列,根据不同的实验情况,导入模板有三种方法:1,直接用键盘输入:a,点击file菜单中的New Sequence 浮动命令,或直接点击工具栏中的New Sequence命令,进入序列展示窗口;b,此时即可键入DNA序列;c,如果需要的话,Oligo提供碱基回放功能,在边键入时边读出碱基,防止输入错误。

点击Edit菜单中的“Readback on”即可。

2,利用复制和粘贴:当我们序列已经作为TXT文件存在或其它oligo不能直接open的文件格式,如word 文件.html格式,这个功能就显得很有用了。

在相应文件中复制序列后在序列展示窗口粘贴,oligo会自动去除非碱基字符。

当序列输入或粘贴完成后,点击Accept/Discard菜单中的Accept浮动命令,即可进入引物设计模式。

3,如果序列已经保存为Seq格式或者FASTA,GenBank格式时,oligo就可以直接打开序列文件。

点击File菜单中的“Open”浮动命令,找到所需文件,打开即可。

进入引物设计模式后,oligo一般会弹出三个窗口,分别是6-碱基频率窗口,碱基退火温度窗口以及序列内部碱基稳定性窗口,其中的退火温度窗口是我们引物设计的主窗口,其它的两个窗口则在设计过程中起辅助作用,比如6-碱基频率窗口可以使我们很直观地看到所设计引物在相应物种基因组中的出现频率,如果我们的模板是基因组DNA或混合DNA时,该信息就显得有用了,而内部稳定性窗口则可以显示引物的5’端稳定性是否稍高于3’端等。

一,普通引物对的搜索:以Mouse 4E(cDNA序列)为例。

我们的目的是以Mouse 4E(2361 bp)为模板,设计一对引物来扩增出600-800bp长的PCR产物。

实时定量PCR引物和探针设计操作步骤Primer Express软件

实时定量PCR引物和探针设计操作步骤Primer Express软件

实时定量PCR引物和探针设计操作步骤Primer Express软件Primer Express 是实时定量PCR引物和探针设计的专用软件。

遵守以下三个原则有助于快速建立定量PCR反应体系:1.所有扩增按照同样的原则设计 (Primer Express);2.所有PCR反应在ABI PRISM ?7000/7900上使用同样的热循环条件;3.所有反应使用相同的PCR试剂。

引物和探针的设计原则下述原则的重要程度由上往下越来越低,请尽量满足编号靠前的条件。

它们中有的已经在Primer Expre软件中设置成缺省值,有的则需要在选择引物和探针时由设计者加以运用。

如果是设计SYBRGreen 引物,也要选择TaqMan Primer and Probe design并遵守这些规则,但是只需要合成引物就可以了。

TaqMan 探针:1. 保持G-C含量在30-80%之间。

2. 避免同一碱基重复过多。

特别是G,不可超过4个及以上。

3. 5' end不能是G。

4. 尽量使探针中的Cs多于Gs。

如果不能满足,则使用互补链上的探针。

5. 对于单探针反应,用Primer Express?软件计算出来的Tm值应当在68-70 °C 之间。

引物:1. 在探针确定以后再选择引物。

2. 引物要尽可能地接近探针,但是不要重叠。

3. 保持G-C含量在30-80%之间。

4. 避免同一碱基重复过多。

特别是G,不可超过4个及以上。

5. 用Primer Express?软件计算出来的Tm值应当在58-60 °C之间。

6. 3' end 的5个碱基中G and/or C碱基的总数不能超过2个。

实时TaqMan 引物和探针设计Begin by opening Primer Express and selecting "File", "New", and "TaqMan? Primer & Probe Design". The following screen will appear. You can close the TaqMan? Primer & Probe Data box as shown.输入或插入序列Import or paste a sequence into the window (Import shown). To paste a sequence from a Word or text file, first copy it to the clipboard. Be sure to only select the sequence (including numbers or annotations is OK); do not include extraneous information such as accession numbers etc. Next, select "Edit" and "Paste". The sequence will appear in the Sequence screen of Primer Express. Or, to Import a Sequence, click the "Import DNA File" button as shown. The software will then ask you to locate the sequence file. Select it from a folder, hard drive, disk, or desktop. Again, no annotations should be present in this sequence.A file is then imported after selecting the file location.保存输入的序列Select "File" and "Save" to give the sequence a name. This will be displayed in the File Name Box and will save the sequence in the Archive Folder.引物和探针设计参数Click the "Parameters" tab. This displays the Universal default parameters used to search for suitable TaqMan? primer & probe sets for real-time assays. It is strongly recommended that you do not adjust any of the parameters.引物和探针的排序及选择Primer Express is now ready to find Primers and Probes. Click the "Primers" tab, select "Options" and "Find Primers/Probes Now". The software will display the progress in the small window below the sequence.** Please disregard the "Optimal Primer Pairs Only" checkbox and the "Penalty" heading. By checking the Optimal Primer Pairs Only box, you will be severely limiting the range of your search, since the parameters it employs are not based on TaqMan? design guidelines. The Penalty score assigned to your Primer & Probe set is based on factors such as amplicon length. Since the default TaqMan? design parameters keep amplicons under 150 bp, this can be disregarded as well.Primer/probe sets will be listed when the search is complete. Scroll to the right to view the Probes. Click on the "Start" heading under probes to sort probes by sequence. This will group similar probes, simplifying the search.探针的选择Select a probe that is less than 30 bp in length and contains more C's than G's. The probes displayed are on the sense strand only. If the probes displayed do not have more C's than G's, then you will need to use the complement probe (as illustrated in this example). If you need to use the complement, make sure that the probe selected here does not have a C at the 3' end of the probe (otherwise, the complement will have a G at the 5' end ? whichis not allowed).The probe selected meets the first criteria above, but not the second (9 G's, 5 C's). Highlight this probe.Return to the sequence by clicking the "Sequence" tab.Lock in the probe sequence by clicking the Probe Button on the Tool Bar and highlight the probe sequence. The probe will turn green and be displayed in lower case when it is locked.引物选择Find compatible primers by returning to the "Primers" tab, selecting "Options" and "Find Primers & Probes Now". This will find new primer sets that will work with the probe you have selected. You can click on "Start" under Forward Primer to sort the displayed sequences.Search for a primer from the list displayed the meets the following criteria:1.No more than 2 G's and/or C's within the last 5 bases on the 3' end of the primer; and2.No runs of identical nucleotides, especially 4 or more G's.From the list of forward primers displayed, select a primer that has no more than 2 G's and/or C's within the last 5 bases on the 3' end of the primer. Highlight one of the primers that matches this criteria. If no forward primer matches this criteria then select a primer with 3 G's and/or C's. The example shown below matches the criteria and will serve as a suitable forward primer. Once you have selected the appropriate primer click on the "Sequence" tab to return to the Sequence window.Lock the forward primer by clicking the "Forward Primer" button on the toolbar, then highlighting the forward primer sequence. A blue arrow will be displayed under the forward primer showing that it is locked.Click on the "Primers" tab and perform a new search. Scroll to the Reverse Primers displayed and select a reverse primer following the same criteria for forward primer selection (G/C rule on the 3' end of primer).Return to the Sequence page and lock in on the Reverse Primer using the Reverse Primer Tool.This now displays the primers and probe you have selected. Return to the Primers tab and perform one final search to display your results.保存搜索结果Click on "Save List" at the bottom of the screen to save your selection in a tab delimitedformat. Click "Order" to generate an editable/printable text file of your sequences:互补探针的选择In the example above, you must use the complementary probe so as to insure that the probe has more C's than G's. Remember, the probe you use cannot have a G at the 5' end, thus the sense probe used for this search cannot have a C at the 3' end.In order to generate the probe complement, return to the Sequence screen. Highlight the probe sequence, select "Edit", and "Copy Complement". You will not see the complementary sequence at this point; it is copied to the clipboard:Return to the Order window and "Paste" the complement in this window, overwriting the probe displayed. You have the option of editing the primer/probe names, and adding the reporter/quencher dyes to the probe sequence.This document can now be saved and put into a Word document or attached to an e-mail message.在Results Archive中保存搜索结果Your search can also be saved in the Results Archive Folder. Click on the "Results" tab. The forward and reverse primers are displayed in their respective boxes, and the probe sequence is displayed in the "Cycle Params" box The probe sequence displayed is the original strand. To view/save the complementary strand, highlight the probe from the Sequence and select "Copy Complement". "Paste" the complement probe into the "Cycle Params". The complementary probe strand is now displayed. It is important to note that if you leave the Results page, the probe sequence will default back to the original. Each time you returnto the Results page you will need to re-paste the complementary probe strand. Note: The information displayed below the selected primer and probe sequences should be ignored when performing TaqMan Assays. The Universal TaqMan? Guidelines do not require you to perform optimizations, thus, the cycling/concentration, etc. information displayed here can be ignored. Save the Results by selecting "Save Results". A message will display showing the results were saved.打印结果 To print the Results, select "Open Results" from the "File" menu. The last (newest) results file will be the last one in the list (at the bottom of the list): Highlight and click "Open".This is the relevant information needed to order your primer/probe set. To print, click and drag, highlighting the information you want and selecting "Copy" from the "Edit" menu, placing it on the clipboard. This should be everything from the Sequence name through the TaqMan? probe annealing information.This is the relevant information needed to order your primer/probe set. To print, click and drag, highlighting the information you want and selecting "Copy" from the "Edit" menu, placing it on the clipboard. This should be everything from the Sequence name through the TaqMan? probe annealing information.You can then paste your sequence information in to a Word document; from here you can print a copy for your records.订购信息Be sure to include information on your needed synthesis scale and the corresponding part number, your reporter dye(s), your quencher (TAMRA), and your personal information (name, institution, address, phone fax etc.).。

PCR 引物设计及软件使用技巧

PCR 引物设计及软件使用技巧

PCR 引物设计及软件使用技巧自从1985 年Karny Mullis 发明了聚合酶链式反应以来,PCR 技术已成为分子生物学研究中使用最多、最广泛的手段之一[1],而引物设计是PCR 技术中至关重要的一环。

使用不合适的PCR 引物容易导致实验失败:表现为扩增出目的带之外的多条带(如形成引物二聚体带),不出带或出带很弱,等等。

现在PCR 引物设计大都通过计算机软件进行。

可以直接提交模板序列到特定网页,得到设计好的引物,也可以在本地计算机上运行引物设计专业软件。

一般来说,专门进行PCR 引物设计的专业软件功能更为强大,但使用起来却不太容易。

本文将就引物设计原则及软件使用问题进行探讨。

(1)引物设计的原则引物设计有3 条基本原则:首先引物与模板的序列要紧密互补,其次引物与引物之间避免形成稳定的二聚体或发夹结构,再次引物不能在模板的非目的位点引发DNA 聚合反应(即错配)。

具体实现这3 条基本原则需要考虑到诸多因素,如引物长度(primer length),产物长度(product length),序列Tm 值(melting temperature),引物与模板形成双链的内部稳定性(internal stability, 用?G 值反映),形成引物二聚体(primer dimer)及发夹结构(duplex formation and hairpin)的能值,在错配位点(false priming site)的引发效率,引物及产物的GC 含量(composition),等等。

必要时还需对引物进行修饰,如增加限制性内切酶位点,引进突变等。

根据有关参考资料和笔者在实践中的总结,引物设计应注意如下要点:1. 引物的长度一般为15-30 bp,常用的是18-27 bp,但不应大于38,因为过长会导致其延伸温度大于74℃,不适于Taq DNA 聚合酶进行反应[2]。

2. 引物序列在模板内应当没有相似性较高,尤其是3’端相似性较高的序列,否则容易导错配。

PerfeCTa

PerfeCTa

95108 / IFU-074.1 REV 021PerfeC T a ® Multiplex qPCR SuperMix, Low ROX ™Cat No. 95108-050 Size: 50 x 50-µL reactions Store at -25ºC to - 15°C protected from light95108-200 200 x 50-µL reactions95108-01K1000 x 50-µL reactionsDescriptionPerfeC T a Multiplex qPCR SuperMix, Low ROX is a 2X concentrated, ready-to-use reaction cocktail that contains all components, except primers, probe(s), and template for real-time quantitative PCR on Applied Biosystems 7500, 7500 Fast, ViiA7 or Stratagene MX series of real-time PCR systems. The system transcends multiplex limitations of conventional PCR master mixes, enabling unbiased amplification of up to five target sequences in a single tube. Suppression of low copy amplicons by high copy reference targets in the amplification is a common problem in multiplex PCR. This can skew, or mask the apparent representation and quantification of low copy target sequences. PerfeC T a Multiplex qPCR SuperMix, Low ROX delivers dynamic range and sensitivity to multiplexed qPCR that is comparable to that for singleplex qPCR probe assays without the need for limiting or variable primer concentrations.The robust qPCR performance of Perfecta Multiplex qPCR SuperMix, Low ROX also overcomes suppression by common PCR inhibitors in blood or environmental samples, and is a highly sensitive reagent for quantification of low copy target sequences in challenging samples.A key component of this supermix is AccuStart™ Taq DNA polymerase, which contains monoclonal antibodies that bind to the polymerase and keep it inactive prior to the initial PCR denaturation step. Upon heat activation (2 minutes at 95ºC), the antibodies denature irreversibly, releasing fully active, unmodified Taq DNA polymerase. This enables specific and efficient primer extension with the convenience of room temperature reaction assembly.Instrument CompatibilityDifferent real-time PCR systems employ different strategies for the normalization of fluorescent signals and correction of well-to-well optical variations. It is critical to match the appropriate qPCR reagent to your specific instrument. PerfeC T a Multiplex qPCR SuperMix, Low ROX provides seamless integration on the Applied Biosystems 7500, 7500 Fast, ViiA™7 or Stratagene MX series of real-time PCR systems. These instruments utilize variable excitation wavelengths that are tuned to the each respective dye detection channel and provide superior sensitivities and dynamic ranges for multiplex probe applications. Your choice of probe reporter dyes and any optional internal reference dye must be matched to the excitation and emission optics of your particular instrument. Please consult the user manual for your real-time PCR system.ComponentsPerfeC T a Multiplex qPCR Supermix, Low ROX 2X reaction buffer containing optimized concentrations of MgCl 2, dNTPs (dATP, dCTP,dGTP, dTTP), AccuStart Taq DNA Polymerase, ROX Reference Dye (for 580-585 nm excitation), and stabilizers.Storage and StabilityStore components in a constant temperature freezer at -25°C to -15°C protected from light upon receipt. For lot specific expiry date, refer to package label, Certificate of Analysis or Product Specification Form.Guidelines for Multiplex qPCR:The design of highly specific primers and probes is a critical and challenging aspect of successful multiplex qPCR. Each primer and probeshould have similar thermodynamic properties to support efficient PCR amplification using a common temperature cycling program for all amplicons. The use of computer aided primer design programs is encouraged in order to minimize the potential for internal secondary structure and complementation at 3’-ends within each primer, primer pairs, and primer/probe combinations Amplicon size should be consistent for each target sequence and limited to approximately 65 - 100 bp.Limiting primer concentration for high copy genes is acceptable, but not required. A final concentration of 300 nM each primer and 100 to250 nM probe is effective for most applications. Each probe for a multiplex assay should be labeled using dyes with minimal spectral overlap and non-fluorescent quencher compounds. Matching dyes with discrete fluorescent excitation and emission optima improves the accuracy of the multicomponenting, or dye deconvolution algorithms employed by the real-time PCR analysis software.Preparation of a reaction cocktail is recommended to reduce pipetting errors and maximize assay precision. Assemble the reaction cocktailwith all required components except sample template (genomic DNA or cDNA) and dispense equal aliquots into each reaction tube. Add the DNA template to each reaction as the final step. Addition of samples as 5 to 10-µL volumes will improve assay precision.95108 / IFU-074.1 REV 022Guidelines for qPCR continued:Suggested input quantities of template are: cDNA corresponding to 10 pg to 1 µg of total RNA; 100 pg to 1 µg genomic DNAAfter sealing each reaction, vortex gently to mix contents. Centrifuge briefly to collect components at the bottom of the reaction tube.Reaction AssemblyComponentVolume for 50-µL rxn.Final ConcentrationPerfeC T a Multiplex qPCR SuperMix 25 µL 1xForward primers variable 100 – 500 nM each Reverse primers variable 100 – 500 nM each Probesvariable 100 – 250 nM eachNuclease-free water variable Template(s)5 – 10 µL variable Final Volume (µL)50 µLNote: Reaction volume can be scaled from 10 to 50 µL depending on the reaction plate (i.e. 384-well vs. 96-well) and qPCR system. Scale all components proportionally to the desired final reaction volume. When performing qPCR in 384-well plates, use reaction volumes between 10 and 15 uL. High (20-uL) volumes can impair mixing of sample template with the reaction cocktail and can compromise qPCR performance and reproducibilityCycling ProtocolIncubate complete reaction mix in a real-time thermal detection system as follows: Standard Protocol Fast Protocol Initial denaturation/activation 95ºC, 2 to 3 min 95ºC, 30s PCR Cycling (35 to 45 cycles): 95ºC, 10 to 15 s 95ºC, 5s 55 – 65ºC, 60s (collect and analyze data) 60ºC, 30s (collect and analyze data)Full activation of AccuStart Taq DNA polymerase occurs within 30 seconds at 95ºC; however, optimal initial denaturation time is template dependent and will affect qPCR efficiency and sensitivity. Amplification of genomic DNA targets benefit from a prolonged initial denaturation step (5-10 min) to fully denature and fragment the template. This minimizes the potential for renaturation of long fragments and/or repetitive sequence regions that can impair replication of the target sequence by the PCR process.Quality ControlKit components are free of contaminating DNase and RNase. PerfeC T a Multiplex qPCR SuperMix, Low ROX is functionally tested in a four-plex TaqMan qPCR using variable concentrations of one target sequence from 100 to 1 x 107 copies and 1 x 108 copies each of three other target sequences. Kinetic analysis must demonstrate linear resolution over six orders of dynamic range (r 2 > 0.995) and a PCR efficiency > 90%.Limited Label LicensesUse of this product signifies the agreement of any purchaser or user of the product to the following terms:1. The product may be used solely in accordance with the protocols provided with the product and this manual and for use with components contained in the kitonly. QIAGEN Beverly, Inc. grants no license under any of its intellectual property to use or incorporate the enclosed components of this kit with any components not included within this kit except as described in the protocols provided with the product, this manual, and additional protocols available at . Some of these additional protocols have been provided by Quantabio product users. These protocols have not been thoroughly tested or optimized by QIAGEN Beverly, Inc.. QIAGEN Beverly, Inc. neither guarantees them nor warrants that they do not infringe the rights of third-parties.2. Other than expressly stated licenses, QIAGEN Beverly, Inc. makes no warranty that this kit and/or its use(s) do not infringe the rights of third-parties.3. This kit and its components are licensed for one-time use and may not be reused, refurbished, or resold.4. QIAGEN Beverly, Inc. specifically disclaims any other licenses, expressed or implied other than those expressly stated.5. The purchaser and user of the kit agree not to take or permit anyone else to take any steps that could lead to or facilitate any acts prohibited above. QIAGEN Beverly, Inc. may enforce the prohibitions of this Limited License Agreement in any Court, and shall recover all its investigative and Court costs, including attorney fees, in any action to enforce this Limited License Agreement or any of its intellectual property rights relating to the kit and/or its components.©2018 QIAGEN Beverly Inc. 100 Cummings Center Suite 407J Beverly, MA 01915 Quantabio brand products are manufactured by QIAGEN, Beverly Inc.Intended for molecular biology applications. This product is not intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of a disease.PerfeC T a and AccuStart are trademarks of QIAGEN Beverly, Inc.. TaqMan is a registered trademark of Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. Applied Biosystems , ViiA and ROX are trademarks of Life Technologies Corporation. Stratagene, MX3000P, MX3005P and MX4000 are trademarks of Agilent Technologies, Inc .。

《2024年利用软件PrimerPremier5.0进行PCR引物设计的研究》范文

《2024年利用软件PrimerPremier5.0进行PCR引物设计的研究》范文

《利用软件PrimerPremier5.0进行PCR引物设计的研究》篇一一、引言随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)已成为实验室研究中不可或缺的技术之一。

PCR引物设计是PCR实验成功的关键步骤之一,它直接影响到PCR的特异性和效率。

因此,选择合适的引物设计工具至关重要。

本文将介绍如何利用PrimerPremier5.0软件进行PCR引物设计的研究。

二、PrimerPremier5.0软件简介PrimerPremier5.0是一款功能强大的引物设计软件,可广泛应用于PCR、qPCR、测序等分子生物学实验。

该软件具有直观的操作界面、丰富的引物设计参数和灵活的引物筛选功能,能够满足不同实验需求。

使用PrimerPremier5.0软件,科研人员可以快速、准确地设计出高质量的PCR引物。

三、利用PrimerPremier5.0进行PCR引物设计1. 打开PrimerPremier5.0软件,创建新的引物设计项目。

2. 输入目标基因序列:将待设计的基因序列输入到软件中,确保序列的准确性和完整性。

3. 设置引物参数:根据实验需求,设置引物的长度、GC含量、退火温度等参数。

PrimerPremier5.0软件会根据这些参数自动筛选出合适的引物序列。

4. 引物筛选:软件会自动生成多个引物对,科研人员可以根据实际需求,通过调整参数或手动筛选,选择最佳的引物对。

5. 引物评价:对筛选出的引物对进行评价,包括引物特异性、扩增效率等方面。

确保选用的引物具有良好的特异性和扩增效果。

6. 保存引物信息:将选定的引物信息保存为文本文件或直接导出到PCR仪器的操作软件中,以便进行后续的PCR实验。

四、实验结果分析利用PrimerPremier5.0软件设计的PCR引物进行实验后,通过电泳、测序等方法对PCR产物进行检测。

根据实验结果,分析引物的特异性和扩增效率。

将实验结果与软件预测结果进行比较,评估PrimerPremier5.0软件在引物设计方面的准确性和可靠性。

肿瘤细胞表面NK细胞配体的表达及其对NK-92细胞的敏感性

肿瘤细胞表面NK细胞配体的表达及其对NK-92细胞的敏感性

肿瘤细胞表面NK细胞配体的表达及其对NK-92细胞的敏感性朱慧芬;黄宏;符明鹏;郭子龙;雷萍;沈关心;何勇【摘要】目的分析肿瘤细胞表面N K细胞配体的表达及其对N K-92细胞的敏感性,以期获得对不同肿瘤的最佳治疗效果.方法采用半定量RT-PCR方法,测定8种肿瘤细胞(K562、Raji、U937、Molt-4、Jurkat、HepG2、Hela、PC3)的9种NK配体(MICA、MICB、ULBP1、ULBP2、CD58、Nectin-2、CD155、LLT-1、HLA-E).通过羧基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFSE)和碘化丙啶(PI)双标记测定NK-92细胞对这些肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性.结果根据肿瘤细胞对NK-92的敏感性将肿瘤细胞分为两组(敏感组和中度敏感组),K562、Raji、U937、Molt-4对NK-92细胞敏感性高,Jurkat、HepG2、Hela、PC3对NK-92细胞中度敏感.CD58和HLA-E的转录水平在两组之间的差异具有统计学意义(P值分别为0.002和0.006),CD58的表达在敏感组高于中度敏感组,而H L A-E的表达在敏感组低于中度敏感组.结论 CD58hi或H L A-Elow的肿瘤细胞对NK-92的杀伤作用更敏感,因此,肿瘤细胞CD58和HLA-E的表达测定可以作为临床NK细胞治疗的肿瘤检测标志.【期刊名称】《华中科技大学学报(医学版)》【年(卷),期】2018(047)004【总页数】5页(P383-387)【关键词】NK-92细胞;肿瘤细胞系;NK激活性受体;NK抑制性受体;细胞毒性【作者】朱慧芬;黄宏;符明鹏;郭子龙;雷萍;沈关心;何勇【作者单位】华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院免疫学系,武汉 430030;华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院呼吸与危重医学科,武汉 430030;华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院免疫学系,武汉 430030;华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院免疫学系,武汉 430030;华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院免疫学系,武汉430030;华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院免疫学系,武汉 430030;武汉大学中南医院核医学科,武汉 430071【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R73-351自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)不需要抗原致敏即可识别杀伤肿瘤细胞,这种特性给肿瘤免疫治疗提供了潜在的应用价值。

oligo7中文说明

oligo7中文说明

Oligo使用方法介绍作为目前最好、最专业的引物设计软件,Oligo的功能很强,在这里我们介绍它的一些主要功能:如:普通引物对的搜索、测序引物的设计、杂交探针的设计以及评估引物对质量等等。

在正式进行引物设计前,我们首先面临的一个任务就是向Oligo程序导入模板序列,根据不同的实验情况,导入模板有三种方法:1,直接用键盘输入:a,点击file菜单中的New Sequence 浮动命令,或直接点击工具栏中的New Sequence命令,进入序列展示窗口;b,此时即可键入DNA序列;c,如果需要的话,Oligo提供碱基回放功能,在边键入时边读出碱基,防止输入错误。

点击Edit菜单中的“Readback on”即可。

2,利用复制和粘贴:当我们序列已经作为TXT文件存在或其它oligo不能直接open的文件格式,如word文件.html格式,这个功能就显得很有用了。

在相应文件中复制序列后在序列展示窗口粘贴,oligo会自动去除非碱基字符。

当序列输入或粘贴完成后,点击Accept/Discard菜单中的Accept浮动命令,即可进入引物设计模式。

3,如果序列已经保存为Seq格式或者FASTA,GenBank格式时,oligo就可以直接打开序列文件。

点击File菜单中的“Open”浮动命令,找到所需文件,打开即可。

进入引物设计模式后,oligo一般会弹出三个窗口,分别是6-碱基频率窗口,碱基退火温度窗口以及序列内部碱基稳定性窗口,其中的退火温度窗口是我们引物设计的主窗口,其它的两个窗口则在设计过程中起辅助作用,比如6-碱基频率窗口可以使我们很直观地看到所设计引物在相应物种基因组中的出现频率,如果我们的模板是基因组DNA或混合DNA时,该信息就显得有用了,而内部稳定性窗口则可以显示引物的5’端稳定性是否稍高于3’端等。

一,普通引物对的搜索:以Mouse 4E(cDNA序列)为例。

我们的目的是以Mouse 4E(2361 bp)为模板,设计一对引物来扩增出600-800bp长的PCR产物。

NCBI工具_Primer-BLAST——NCBI的引物设计和特异性检验工具

NCBI工具_Primer-BLAST——NCBI的引物设计和特异性检验工具

引物(Primers)如果你已经设计好了引物,要拿来验证引物的好坏。

可以在Primer Parameters区填入你的一条或一对引物。

并且选择好验证的目标数据库(在specificity check区选择)。

根据需要可设置产物的大小,Tm值等。

特异性(Specificity)在specificity check区,选择设计引物或验证引物时的目标数据库和物种。

这一步是比较重要的。

这里提供了4种数据库:RefSeq mRNA, Genome (selected reference assemblies), Genome (all chromosomes), and nr (the standard non-redundant database)。

前两个数据库是经过专家注释的数据,这样可以给出更准确的结果。

特别是,当你用NCBI的参考序列作为模板和参考序列数据库作为标准来设计引物时,Primer-BLAST可以设计出只扩增某一特定剪接变异体基因的特异引物。

selected reference assemblies 包括以下的物种: human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, cow, dog, chicken, zebrafish, fruit fly, honeybee, Arabidopsis, 和rice。

Nr数据库覆盖NCBI所有的物种。

实例分析用人尿嘧啶DNA糖基化酶(uracil-DNA glycosylase genes, UNG, GeneID: 7374)的两个转录本序列作为一个例子来分析。

UNG1的序列长一点(NM_003362),UNG2的序列短一点(NM_080911,注:拿这两个基因的序列ClustalW一下就可以了)。

这里用UNG2的序列设计引物,选择RefSeq mRNA database,物种是Human,其它默认。

结果如下图A-B所示,设计的引物只能扩增出UNG2。

oligo使用教程

oligo使用教程

oligo软件使用方法介绍在正式进行引物设计前,我们首先面临的一个任务就是向Oligo程序导入模板序列,根据不同的实验情况,导入模板有三种方法:1,直接用键盘输入:a,点击file菜单中的New Sequence 浮动命令,或直接点击工具栏中的New Sequence命令,进入序列展示窗口;b,此时即可键入DNA序列;c,如果需要的话,Oligo提供碱基回放功能,在边键入时边读出碱基,防止输入错误。

点击Edit菜单中的“Readback on”即可。

2,利用复制和粘贴:当我们序列已经作为TXT文件存在或其它oligo不能直接open的文件格式,如word文件格式,这个功能就显得很有用了。

在相应文件中复制序列后在序列展示窗口粘贴,oligo会自动去除非碱基字符。

当序列输入或粘贴完成后,点击Accept/Discard菜单中的Accept浮动命令,即可进入引物设计模式。

3,如果序列已经保存为Seq格式或者FASTA,GenBank格式时,oligo就可以直接打开序列文件。

点击File菜单中的“Open”浮动命令,找到所需文件,打开即可。

进入引物设计模式后,oligo一般会弹出三个窗口,分别是6-碱基频率窗口,碱基退火温度窗口,以及序列内部碱基稳定性窗口.其中的退火温度窗是我们引物设计的主窗,其它的两个窗口则在设计过程中起辅助作用,比如6-碱基频率窗口可以使我们很直观地看到所设计引物在相应物种基因组中的出现频率,如果我们的模板是基因组DNA或混合DNA时,该信息就显得有用了,而内部稳定性窗口则可以显示引物的5’端稳定性是否稍高于3’端等。

一,普通引物对的搜索:以Mouse 4E(cDNA序列)为例。

我们的目的是以Mouse 4E(2361 bp)为模板,设计一对引物来扩增出600-800bp长的PCR产物。

1,点击“Search“菜单中的”For Primers and Probes“命令,进入引物搜索对话框;2,由于我们要设计的是一对PCR引物,因此正、负链的复选框都要选上,同时选上Compatible pairs.在Oligo默认的状态下,对此引物对的要求有:a,无二聚体;b,3’端高度特异,GC含量有限定,d,去除错误引发引物等。

bioedit 和Primer 使用软件

bioedit 和Primer 使用软件

实验四使用Bioedit 和Primer 软件一、实验目的1、掌握Bioedit 一个核苷酸和蛋白质序列分析软件的使用,完成如序列比对、序列检索等内容。

2、掌握primer一个引物设计软件的使用,包括单双向引物、探针的设计与酶切位点的分析等。

二、实验器材计算机,Bioedit 和primer软件,核苷酸和蛋白质序列。

三、实验内容应用我们预先准备好的序列,然后在bioedit里先打开,然后进行序列的分析;将需要设计引物的序列在primer里打开,然后设置相关参数进行引物设计。

四、实验步骤1、在电脑里将以前下载好的FASTE格式的序列,全部复制到一个新的TXT格式文本中,保存到桌面方便使用。

2.在Bioedit里打开桌面上新建的TXT格式文本;进行序列分析Accessory application选择Clustalw Multiple alignment弹出的对话框点击Run clustalw等待分析结果;并根据需要保存实验结果。

3、打开NCBI主页在搜索框中,分别将相对的序列GI值输入,打开相关文章,将文章转换成genbank格式,在上面查找相关信息,填写相关表格对应信息。

4、在ncbi中选择5个氨基酸序列,下载成FASTE格式,在电脑上新建一个TXT格式文本,将下载的5个序列全部整理在一起,保存在我的桌面上,方便使用。

5、在bioedit中进行氨基酸序列分析,先打开保存的氨基酸序列文件,进行序列分析Accessory application选择Clustalw Multiple alignment弹出的对话框点击Run clustalw等待分析结果,保存结果图片,再根据相关表格要求填写相关的结果数据。

6、打开NCBI的主页,进入BIASTE选择BIASTE P 将下载在桌面上的氨基酸序列进行比对,在显示结果中找到显示的保守序列。

将相应名称填入表格中。

7、在bioedit进行序列分析的结果上,应用primer软件进行引物和探针的设计。

线虫鉴定通用引物

线虫鉴定通用引物

The primer pairs used were D2A (5’-acaagtaccgtgagggaaagttg-3’) and D2B(5’-aatccgtgtttcaagacggg-3’), D3A (5’-gacccgtcttgaaacacgga-3’) and D3B(5’-tcggaaggaaccagctacta- 3’) (Nunn, 1992), and mtA (5’-ggcggatcctacatcgatgttgtat-3’) and mtB (5’-ggcggatccwkttcctctcgtact-3’). These primers selectively amplify metazoan ribosomal DNAs (rDNA) and do not amplify common contaminants such as bacteria, fungi, or plant material. Courtright EM, Wall DH, Virginia RA, et al. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in the Antarctic nematode Scottnema lindsayae. Journal of Nematology, 2000, 32(2): 143.DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed according to Subbotin et al. (2000). The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and the D2-D3 of 28S of rDNA were amplified using the following primer sets: 5367 (5’-ttgattacgtccctgcccttt-3’) and F195 (5’-tcctccgctaaatgatatg-3’); and D2A (5’-acaagtaccgtgagggaaagttg-3’) and D3B (5’-tcggaaggaaccagctacta-3’) as described by Schmitz et al. (1998) and De Ley et al. (1999), respectively.Castillo P, Vovlas N, Subbotin S, et al. A new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne baetica n.sp.(Nematoda: Heteroderidae), parasitizing wild olive in Southern Spain. Phytopathology, 2003, 93(9): 1093-1102.D3A(5’-gacccgtcttgaaacacgga-3’) and D3B (5’-tcggaaggaaccagctacta-3’).Al-Banna L, Ploeg A T, Williamson V M, et al. Discrimination of six Pratylenchus species using PCR and species-specific primers. Journal of nematology, 2004, 36(2): 142.The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) segment was amplified with the primers rDNA2 5’-ttgattacgtccctgcccttt-3’ (Vrain et al. 1992) and rDNA1.58S5’-acgagccgagtgatccaccg-3’ (Cherry et al. 1997). The ribosomal LSU D2-D3 expansion segment was amplified with primersD2A 5’-acaagtaccgtgagggaaagttg-3’ and D3B5’-tcggaaggaaccagctacta-3’ (Courtright et al.,2000) as previously described (Al-Banna et al., 1997).Skantar AM, Carta LK. Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) of total genomic DNA from Meloidogyne spp. and comparison to crude DNA extracts in PCR of ITS1, 28S D2-D3 rDNA and Hsp90. Nematology, 2005, 7(2): 285-294.Several nematode specimens of each sample were transferred to an Eppendorf tube containing 16 ul ddH2O, 2 ul 10X PCR buffer and 2 ul proteinase K (600 ug/ml) (Promega, Benelux, The Netherlands) and crushed for 2 min with a Vibro Mixer microhomogeniser (Zürich, Switzerland). The tubes were incubated at 65ºC (1 h) and then at 95◦C (15 min). Detailed protocols for PCR, cloning and automated sequencing are described by Tanha Maafi et al. (2003). The forward D2A (5’-acaagtaccgtgagggaaagttg-3’) and reverse D3B (5’-tcggaaggaaccagctacta-3’) primers were used for amplification and sequencing of the fragment of the 28S rRNA gene.Subbotin SA, Vovlas N, Crozzoli R, et al. Phylogeny of Criconematina Siddiqi, 1980 (Nematoda: Tylenchida) based on morphology and D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S-rRNA gene sequences with application of a secondary structure model. Nematology, 2005, 7(6): 927-944.The different regions of rDNA were amplified as described by Castillo et al.(2003) and Tigano et al. (2005) using the following primer sets:MelF (5’-tacggactgagataatggt-3’) and MelR(5’-ggttcaagccactgcga-3’) for the 18S, 5367 (5’-ttgattacgtccctgcccttt-3’) and F195(5’-tcctccgctaaatgatatg-3’) for the ITS1–5.8S-ITS2, D2A (5’- acaagtaccgtgagggaaagttg-3’) andD3B (5’-tcggaaggaaccagctacta-3’) for the D2-D3 region of 28S.Rius JEP, Vovlas N, Troccoli A, et al. A new root-knot nematode parasitizing sea rocket from Spanish Mediterranean coastal dunes: Meloidogyne dunensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae). Journal of nematology, 2007, 39(2): 190.Cloning, characterisation and heterologous expression of an astacin metalloprotease, Sc-AST, from the entomoparasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsaeY Jing, D Toubarro, Y Hao, N Simões - Molecular and biochemical …, 2010 - Elsevier... Total RNA from different nematode stages and from nematodes induced for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48and 72 h was ...Primers for 18S rRNA were 18SF(5′-GCTAATCGGAAACGAAAGTC-3′) and18SR (5′-CATCCACCGAATCAAGAAAG-3′).Primers for Sc-AST were ASTF1 (5 ...5.8SF194/F195: Tm55℃TW81/AB28:18S:Me1f/Me1r: Tm 50℃18SF/18SR:28S:D2A/D3B: Tm 55℃mtDNAC2F3/1108: Tm 50℃C2F3/MRH106: Tm 50℃Incorporating molecular identification of Meloidogyne spp. into a large-scale regional nematode surveyTO Powers, PG Mullin, TS Harris, LA Sutton… - Journal of …, 2005 - ... For M. chitwoodi identification, the first of two PCR amplifications was conducted with primer set C2F3/ 1108 (5 GGTCAATGTTCAGAAATTTGTGG 3 and 5 TACCTTTGACCAATCACGCT 3) located in the COII and 16S ribosomal mitochondrial genes, respectively (Powers and ..Biometrical, biochemical, and molecular diagnosis of Portuguese Meloidogyne hispanica isolatesCM Maleita, MJ Simões, C Egas, RHC Curtis… - Plant …, 2012 - Am Phytopath Society... Mitochondrial DNA from isolates PtHi3 of M. his- panica and ItE of M. ethiopica were sequenced with the primer set C2F3(5′-GGT CAA TGT TCA GAA ATT TGT GG-3′) and MRH106(5′-AAT TTC TAA AGA CTT TTC TTA GT-3′) located in the COII gene and the 16S rRNA... [PDF]Prevalence, incidence and molecular identification of root-knot nematodes of tomato in PakistanM Ahmed - African Journal of Biotechnology, 2012 - ... DNA amplification of mtDNA with C2F3/1108 primers yielded a 1700 bp size productfor all three species of RKNs in comparison with 520 and 750 bp for M. chitwoodiand enterolobii, respectively, which were utilized as control.Plant-parasitic nematodes in sugarcane fields in Kitadaito Island (Okinawa), Japan, as a potential sugarcane growth inhibitorM Kawanobe, N Miyamaru, K Yoshida… - …, 2014 - ...Nematode identification using DNA sequence data Single nematodes were handpicked using a sterilised needle, rinsed with distilled water and placed on a glass slide. ...F194 (5-CGTAACAAGGTAGCTGTAG- 3 ) and F195 (5 -TCC TCC GCT AAA TGA TAT G-3 ) wereDetection of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assayAX Cao, XZ Liu, SF Zhu, BS Lu - Phytopathology, 2005 - Am Phytopath Society... One to four nematodes were placed into 15 µl of double-distilled water on ... sterile 0.5-ml thin- walled PCR tube containing 8 µl of nematode lysis buffer ... Genus-specific primers F194 (5′- CGTAACAAGGTAGCTGTAG-3′) and 5368 (5′-TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3′) wereDe Luca F, Troccoli A, Duncan L W, et al. Pratylenchus speijeri n. sp.(Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), a new root-lesion nematode pest of plantain in West Africa. Nematology, 2012, 14(8): 987-1004.IGS sequence variation, group-I introns and the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium: excellent tools for isolate detection …MP Pantou, A Mavridou, MA Typas - Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2003 - Elsevier... 18SF, GCGAAACTGCGAATGGCT, This work. 18SR, GTAATGATCCCTCCGCTG, This work. TW81, GTTTCCGTAGGTGAACCTGC, Curran et al. (1994). AB28, ATATGCTTAAGTTCAGCGGGT, Curran et al. (1994). Ma-ITS2, GTCCACTGCCGTAAAACCCC, This work.Heterodera vallicola sp. n.(Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) from elm trees, Ulmus japonica (Rehd.) Sarg. in the Primorsky territory, the Russian Far East, with rDNA …AS Eroshenko, SA Subbotin… - Russian Journal of …, 2001 - ... DNA fragments were sequenced in both directions with TW81, AB28, 5.8SM2 (5'- CTTATCGGTGGATCACTCGG-3') or 5.8SM5 (5'-GGCGCAATGTGCATTCGA-3') primers witha BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (PE Applied Biosystems, UK)Nematode universal primers:Gymnodinium nolleri Ellegaard et Moestrup sp. ined.(Dinophyceae) from Danish waters, a new species producing Gymnodinium catenatum-like cysts: molecular and …M Ellegaard, Y Oshima - Phycologia, 1998 - ... 1989) conserved positions 708-727 (D3A; 5' GACCCGTCTTG AAA CACGGA-3') and 1011-992(D3B; 5' TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3'). Double-stranded and sin gle-stranded PCR amplifications were performed in a ther mocycler with an initial denaturation step of 3 min atNuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in the Antarctic nematode Scottnema lindsayaeEM Courtright, DH Wall, RA Virginia… - Journal of …, 2000 - ... The primer pairs used were D2A (5-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3) and D2B(5-AATCCGTGTTTCAAGACGGG-3), D3A(5-GACCCGTCTTGAAA- CACGGA-3) and D3B(5-TCGGAAG- GAACCAGCTACTA-3) (Nunn, 1992), and mtA (5-GGCGGATCCTACATCGATGTTGAmiri S, Subbotin S A, Moens M. Identification of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii by PCR. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2002, 108(6): 497-506.。

Bio-Rad定量PCR说明书

Bio-Rad定量PCR说明书

Beacon 构造

当探针是发夹结构时,在报道子和猝灭子间有直 接的能量转移
Molecular Beacons
Advantages! Good for SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) detection Multiplex assays possible
moreexpensivethandnabindingdyesmolecularbeaconsmolecularbeacon探针有核心的杂交区探针有核心的杂交区探针有自互补末端探针有自互补末端在未杂交时探针呈发夹状在未杂交时探针呈发夹状报道子报道子荧光素在探针的荧光素在探针的55beaconsbeaconsbeaconsbeacons当探针是发夹结构时在报道子和猝灭子间有直当探针是发夹结构时在报道子和猝灭子间有直接的能量转移接的能量转移beaconbeaconbeaconbeaconmolecularbeaconsadvantages
Reality vs. Theory
Amplification is exponential, but the exponential increase is limited:

Log Target DNA

A linear increase follows exponential Eventually plateaus
Taq
BD
Repeat
DNA Binding Dyes
Advantages! Inexpensive compared to hybridization probes No additional design work than the primer used for PCR reaction

Premier5携手oligo,共同设计PCR引物

Premier5携手oligo,共同设计PCR引物

Premier5携手oligo,共同设计PCR引物作者:解螺旋.子非鱼如需转载请注明来源:解螺旋·医生科研助手导语一直以来,Premier5和Oligo软件可以说是设计PCR引物的经典存在,那么有着强大引物自动搜索功能的Premier5遇到评价分析能力强悍的oligo,势必会碰撞出巨大的火花,则今天小鱼就把PCR 引物设计的经典套路介绍给大家。

当然,任性到连软件都不想下载的小伙伴们可回复primer,即可查看在线设计PCR引物的三种方法。

用Primer Premier 5搜索引物1.以小鼠的IL-17为例,进入NCBI界面,选择Nucleotide后,输入IL-17,点击search.然后选择第三个选项——人类IL-17的mRNA,在CDS选项中,找到编码区所在位置,在下面的origin中,选定目的序列。

2.打开Primer Premier5软件,点击菜单栏File|New|DNA Sequence,在出现的对话框里黏贴目的序列,并在paste对话框里选择As Is,点击OK。

3.点击Primer,弹出菜单后点击search按钮。

在弹出的Search Criteria中,选择PCR primers,Pairs 参数,并选择所需PCR产物长度,点击OK。

在弹出的search progress菜单中,点击OK。

4.在搜索出的结果列表里选择Rating值高,bug较少的引物#1,在Primer Premier中选择S(正义链)/A(反义链),点击edit primer,将所得引物改成为Rating值为100,无bug的引物,即无发夹(Hairpin)、无二聚体(Dimer)、无错配(False Priming)和交叉配对(Cross Dimer)的引物。

5.点击菜单栏中Edit∣Copy∣Sense Primer/Anti-sense Primer,即可得到设计的引物。

Sense Primer:5' TCAGACTACCTCAGCCGTTCC 3'Anti –sense Primer: 5' GGTGGTCCATCTTTCCCT 3' 用Oligo验证评估引物(回复“Oligo”,可查看用oligo软件设计引物的文章)1.打开Oligo界面如下:单击菜单栏里File∣New Sequence可打开以下窗口。

用Primer Express软件来设计比较方便

用Primer Express软件来设计比较方便

用Primer Express软件来设计比较方便、简单。

网上搜索一下,我记得有网友提供的。

如果实在找不到这个软件的话,可以参考下面的指南。

先设计好Probe,再设计Primer。

good luck。

Design GuidelinesEnsure the following guidelines are met:× Amplicon length – 50 to 150 bases for optimum PCR efficiency.× Probe Length – 13 to 30 bases. Do not overlap primer and probe sequences.× Tm – 68 to 70 °C.× % GC – 30 to 80 %.× 5' end – Cannot be a G residue. A G residue adjacent to the reporter dye will quench the reporterfluorescence somewhat, even after cleavage.Avoid the following motifs:× Repeating oligonucleotides – Avoid runs of identical nucleotides. If repeats are present, there must befewer than four consecutive G residues.× Consecutive A residues –Avoid six consecutive A residues anywhere in the probe. Consecutive Aresidues can cause a high No Template Control (NTC) signal.× CC dinucleotides –Avoid two or more CC dinucleotides in the middle of the probe, which can sometimesreduce signal. Select a different probe or design the probe using the anti-sense (complementary) strand.×FAM™ dye-labeled probes – If you will order a FAM dye-labeled probe, avoid a G in the second position on the 5' end (VIC® dye-labeled probes are not affected ). A G in the second position on the 5' end in FAM dye-labeled probes can reduce fluorescent normalized reporter signal (Rn).× Hairpin Loops, self-dimerization, and cross-dimerization.Design Considerations When Selecting Candidate Probes:× Select probes with more C residues than G residues to minimize reporter fluorescencequenching.× Select probes with Tm 10 °C or more higher than the primer Tm.定量PCR Taqman探针设计要领自90年代Taqman探针诞生以来,虽然荧光探针(引物)不断有新的技术出现,但是作为一种经典的定量PCR技术,Taqman探针技术仍然是许多实验研究人员进行定量检测的首选,这主要是因为相对于SYBR荧光染料,Taqman探针具有序列特异性,只结合到互补区,而且荧光信号与扩增的拷贝数具有一一对应的关系,因此特异性强灵敏度高,而且条件优化容易;而相对于杂交探针,Taqman探针只要设计一条探针,因此探针设计较便宜方便,而且也能完成基本的定量PCR要求。

中国大鲵促甲状腺激素受体的克隆及序列分析

中国大鲵促甲状腺激素受体的克隆及序列分析

中国大鲵促甲状腺激素受体的克隆及序列分析王勤;何青;袁月华;徐海龙;李成磊【摘要】本实验以大鲵脑组织为材料,通过RT-PCR和RACE方法成功获得了中国大鲵Andrias davidianus促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)cDNA全长序列.该序列编码585个氨基酸,具有典型的G蛋白偶联受体家族的特点,有4个N-糖基化位点,7个跨膜α螺旋.同源分析显示,大鲵TSHR与热带爪蟾、变色龙、人的TSHR同源性分别为70%、70%和67%.同时大鲵与其它脊椎动物TSHR在结构上存在一些差异,如缺乏前导序列、胞外部分序列缩短、没有富含亮氨酸的重复单位(LRRs)等,大鲵TSHR结构上的这些差异是否与其不同的生理功能相关有待进一步研究.利用邻接法对部分脊椎动物TSHR氨基酸序列构建分子系统树,结果显示有尾目大鲵为两栖动物中较早分化的一支,表明其进化地位较原始.RT-PCR组织分布分析发现,TSHR 基因在大鲵的甲状腺外组织也有表达,其中性腺组织表达量最高,这可能暗示TSHR 与大鲵的生殖调节有关.【期刊名称】《四川动物》【年(卷),期】2013(032)003【总页数】6页(P348-353)【关键词】中国大鲵;克隆;甲状腺激素受体;组织分布【作者】王勤;何青;袁月华;徐海龙;李成磊【作者单位】四川农业大学生命科学学院,四川雅安625014;四川农业大学生命科学学院,四川雅安625014;四川农业大学生命科学学院,四川雅安625014;四川农业大学生命科学学院,四川雅安625014;四川农业大学生命科学学院,四川雅安625014【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q959.5;Q785;S917促甲状腺激素(thyrotropin)又称甲状腺刺激激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH),是腺垂体分泌的促进甲状腺的生长和功能发挥的糖蛋白激素,它可以通过与其受体(thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor,TSHR)的特异性结合来调节甲状腺细胞的成长、增殖和分化,还可以调节脊椎动物的生长发育和新陈代谢。

一个棉花GDSL脂肪酶基因的克隆与功能分析

一个棉花GDSL脂肪酶基因的克隆与功能分析

作物学报ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2013, 39(7): 1164−1171 /zwxb/ ISSN 0496-3490; CODEN TSHPA9E-mail: xbzw@DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01164一个棉花GDSL脂肪酶基因的克隆与功能分析佟祥超王丽曼胡文静张雪颖张天真郭旺珍*南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室 / 教育部杂交棉创制工程研究中心, 江苏南京210095摘要: GDSL脂肪酶与GXSXG脂肪酶是2个重要的脂肪酶亚家族。

其中, GDSL家族脂肪酶具有水解酶活性, 能水解多种酯类物质。

本试验根据新乡小吉无绒无絮(XinWX)和无绒有絮(XinFLM)近等基因系纤维起始期29K芯片竞争杂交结果, 选择了一个在纤维起始期具有极显著表达差异的EST序列(GenBank登录号为DR458916), 以该序列信息为探针, 利用电子克隆方法并进行cDNA及基因组全长基因PCR扩增、测序验证, 克隆获得一个陆地棉GDSL脂肪酶基因(GhGDSL; GenBank登录号为KC186125)。

该基因ORF长1065 bp, 编码354个氨基酸, 含有5个外显子和4个内含子。

该基因在二倍体棉种基因组中含一个拷贝, 在四倍体棉种基因组中含2个拷贝。

序列比对显示该基因在四倍体棉种的2个亚组中独立进化, 且D亚组比A亚组变异大。

染色体定位显示该基因2个拷贝分别位于A4 (Chr. 4)和D4 (Chr. 22)染色体上。

定量RT-PCR结果表明, GhGDSL在开花后3~10 d的纤维组织中表达量高, 其中在海7124中表达高峰在8DPA, 在TM-1中表达高峰从5DPA持续到10DPA。

利用[(TM-1×Hai7124)×TM-1]的BC1S1群体开展GhGDSL功能与纤维、种子品质性状关联分析, 发现该基因A亚组的拷贝与种子脂肪含量存在显著相关(P=0.048); D亚组的拷贝与种子蛋白含量存在极显著相关(P=0.008)。

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