土木工程毕业设计(上海大学 高层住宅毕业设计)

B地块一栋12层住宅楼结构设计摘要本设计为上海闵行某镇203号地块配套商品房B3地块一栋12层住宅楼结构设计。

其中本设计的B3楼地上部分建筑面积为10695.33平方米，B3楼结构形式为剪力墙结构，共12层，层高2.8米，总高35.25米，一梯三户。

本工程属一般剪力墙结构，建筑场地属IV类场地，建筑抗震设防类别为丙类，抗震设防烈度为七度，设计地震分组为第一组，设计基本地震加速度值为0.10g，设计特征周期Tg=0.9秒，剪力墙抗震等级三级，建筑结构安全等级为二级。

本次毕业设计的要求主要包括两大部分，第一部分是掌握剪力墙小高层住宅楼的结构体系布置、运用结构设计软件PKPM建立计算模型、合理设定软件的参数配置，最后利用PKPM 软件进行计算分析；熟悉相关设计规范规程。

在PKPM软件运用中主要有：一、PMCAD：结构模型与荷载输入，结构楼面布置信息，楼面荷载传导计算；二、SATWE：接PM生成SATWE数据，结构内力、配筋计算，弹性动力时程分析；三、梁柱施工：梁归并（全楼归并），梁平法施工图；四、JLQ：剪力墙配筋设计，画截面注写方式施工图。

第二部分是要能按要求运用AutoCAD软件绘出住宅楼结构平面布置图、剪力墙配筋图、连梁配筋图、楼板配筋图和楼梯详图等结构施工图。

毕业设计的目的为：根据所学的《房屋建筑学》、《钢筋混凝土结构设计》、《土力学与地基基础》和《砌体结构》等专业课程知识进行初步设计，同时通过毕业设计掌握PKPM软件的运用及高层建筑剪力墙结构体系布置。

根据相关的建筑规范采用电算进行计算和验算，同时提交设计成果图纸（住宅楼结构平面布置图、剪力墙配筋图、连梁配筋图、楼板配筋图和楼梯详图等结构施工图）。

通过这次毕业设计使学生能够综合运用所学过的专业基础知识、基本理论知识，对一般土木工程进行结构、建筑、设备和材料的设计布置，培养学生解决实际工程问题的能力，激发学生探索土木工程专业的兴趣，培养学生的自学和创新能力，帮助学生在今后的工作中不断取得进步。

同时，本设计有助于学生树立正确的设计思想和经济观念，培养理论联系实际的工作作风，严肃认真的科学态度；提高学生独立分析，实际解决工程问题的能力。

本设计的工程要考虑适应上海的地质、气候、风向等因素，要顾及冬季的防寒保温和夏季的隔热通风，建筑设计立面简洁美观、居住环境安静舒适，采用一梯三户式建筑结构布置，为居民的居住生活创造良好的环境。

本设计属于高层建筑设计，在新《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》（JGJ3－2002）里规定：10层及10层以上或高度超过28m的钢筋混凝土结构称为高层建筑结构。

当建筑高度超过100m时，称为超高层建筑。

我国的房屋6层及6层以上就需要设置电梯，对10层以上的房屋就有提出特殊的防火要求的防火规范，因此我国的《民用建筑设计通则》（GB50352—2005）、《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》（GB50045-95）将10层及10层以上的住宅建筑和高度超过24m的公共建筑和综合性建筑划称为高层建筑。

随着我国的改革开放，人民的生活水平的不断提高,在我国的一些大、中城市都大量的兴建住宅楼,在城市用地的日趋紧张及住户对在房屋的使用功能、面积和房间组合等提出越来越高的要求,高屋住宅楼越来越多,而且平面布置也趋于复杂。

在多数住宅楼中,把楼梯、电梯及竖向管道井置于中部,形成一个竖向交通核心,各住宅单元围绕该中心布置的平面布置方法,经过长时期的使用,证明了这种格式的高屋住宅楼各单元的通风采光良好、平面紧凑、结构外露面少,而且较为经济,已普遍被推广。

《高屋建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ3 -2002) 中指出：“近年兴起的短肢剪墙结构有利于住宅建筑布置,又可进一步减轻结构自重。

”肯定了短肢剪力墙在高屋住宅中的优点和特点。

短肢剪力墙是通过加开结构洞及加大门窗洞口的宽度,墙体由几个短的独立的钢筋混凝土墙段,通过连梁拉结,以达到减少剪力墙肢长,增长建筑物自振周期和降低地震作用的目地。

短肢剪力墙属剪力墙的一种,通常采用T 形、L 形、十字形等的墙肢，这些墙肢主要分布于房间分隔墙的交点处,并视抗侧力的需要和分隔墙相交的形式而布置适当数量的各种形式的短肢墙,并在各墙肢处布置连梁,把这些短肢墙连结成一个整体,而未利用部分的剪力墙中的间隔墙,则用轻质砌体填充。

本论文主要包括以下内容：开题报告和设计任务书，绪论，即高层建筑与剪力墙结构设计要求。

设计说明与结构布置，计算结果与分析，设计小结，参考文献和谢辞。

本设计具有以下特点：一、在考虑建筑、结构要求的同时考虑了施工要求及可行性。

二、针对不同荷载的特点采用了多种不同的计算方法，对知识进行了全面系统的复习。

三、利用电算对结果进行了验算，掌握PKPM及AutoCAD的用法，使结果更加有说服力。

通过这次设计，使我更加深入的理解了毕业设计的重要性和必要性，使我对土木工程有了一个整体的认识，并对综合运用、巩固扩展所学的基础理论和专业知识，树立正确的设计思想和工程经济理念有很大的帮助；同时令我印象深刻的是治学必严谨，要有严肃认真的科学态度，要善于理论联系实际，要通过实践验证所学的知识，才能把专业知识转化为开拓进取的力量。

关键词：结构设计，剪力墙结构，高层建筑，PKPM，AutoCADSTRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR A 12-STOREYRESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN B3 BLOCKABSTRACTThe graduation design is a 12-storey residential building structural design located in the Minhang District, Shanghai, belonging to 203 B3 block, one of the commercial housing block. The area, above the ground floor, is 10695.33 square meters, the building here takes a shear-wall structure, with a total of 12 floors and 2.8 meters, height a storey, and the total height is 35.25 m, sharing one ladder for 3 households. The project takes a general shear-wall structure, with a class IV construction sites and a category C for building, seismic fortification with seven degrees. The design earthquake belongs to the first group classification and the design value of the basic seismic acceleration is 0.10g, and also design characteristic period is 0.9 sec, with a level-three for shear seismic, a level-two for the structures, security.The requirements of this graduation project mainly contain two parts, the first part is to master the shear wall structural system layout for high-rise house building, using the structural design software PKPM to establish the model, setting appropriate parameters and the final work is calculation. Student should be familiar with the structural design rules. The uses of PKPM software are:1. PMCAD: establishing models and inputting loads, information of structural floor layout, the floor load calculation.2. SATWE: link PM generating SATWE data, internal force and reinforcement computation, elastic dynamic analysis.3. Beam construction: beam merger (merging the whole building), girder plane method for construction drawings.4. JLQ: reinforcement design for wall, the section working drawings.The second part is using AutoCAD software, drawing the graphs of structure plan, wall reinforcement plan, beam reinforcement plans, slab reinforcement plans and stairs detailing plans.The aim of Graduation design: According to the knowledge of "Architecture", "reinforced concrete structure design," "Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering" and "Masonry Structures", student needs to take a preliminary design of project, and through the graduation design, mastering PKPM software and shear wall structure layout for high-rise buildings. According to the relevant building rules, calculating the project by ICC and checking, and submitting the design drawings (structural floor plan, wall reinforcement plan, beam reinforcement plans, slab reinforcement plans and stairs detailing). By the design, a graduationshould master comprehensive use of the professional knowledge and basic theoretical knowledge for designing the architecture, layout of equipment and materials for the general civil engineering, encouraging students to solve practical engineering problems, and explore interest in civil engineering. Culturing self-learning and innovation abilities, helps students continue to make progress in future work. At the same time, this design project will help students acquire a correct design and economic concepts, forming theory with practice work style and serious scientific attitude. Improving students,independent analysis, the actual ability to solve engineering problems.The project should be adapt to Shanghai's geology, climate, wind direction and other factors, taking the winter cold and summer heat ventilation and insulation into account, with a simple and beautiful facade appearance, a quiet and comfortable living environment and using a ladder for 3 arrangements style to create a good environment for living life.The design is high-rise building, the new "Technical specification for concrete high-rise buildings" (JGJ3-2002) rules that: more than 10 floors and 10 floors or more than 28m high reinforced concrete structure, are known as the high-rise building. When the building height exceeds 100m, it is called High-rise building.Houses in Chinese, with 6 layers or more, need to set elevators, while more than 10 layers the fire houses have made a special fire safety requirements, so China's "Civil Design Principles" (GB50352-2005), "High-rise Civil architectural design code for fire protection "(GB50045-95) define 10 floors or more of residential buildings and the public buildings taller than 24m, as the high-rise building.As reform in China and opening up advance, people's living standards is rising up, some large and medium-sized cities have established a large number of residential building. with a growing tensions in urban land, housing function, area and room combination, citizens raise higher and higher demands, more and more high residential buildings established, and also tends to complex layout. In most residential buildings, the staircase, elevator and vertical pipe wells placed in the middle of the core to form a vertical transport, the residential units arranged around the center of the layout, after a long period of use, this arrangement has generally been proved high residential building,s ventilation and lighting all good, flat compact, less appearance for structure, and also more economical, which has generally been spread,This article presents its designing features from the definition of short shear wall, the definition of multi-short-shear-wall structure and failures exist in the present structural computation software. It also provides gist in the design of short shear wall in a project.High-rise shear walls for residential special-shaped columns as people, especially in high-rise residential flat and space have become increasingly demanding, the original general frame structure of the exposed beams exposed columns, normal wall structure of architectural space strictly limited and separated can no longer satisfy people's demand for residential space. So on the basis of the existing shear walls, absorbing the advantages of the frame structure, and gradually evolved that can adapt to people's concept of the new residential high-rise residential structure type, that is short-pier shear wall structure and special-shaped column frame structure type. These two new structures due to a large extent, overcome the general framework of the shortcomings of ordinary shear wall structure by the architect's definitely more open with the Housing tenants have been welcomed by business, this paper these two kinds of new type of high-rise residential structure, force characteristics, structural analysis and structural requirementsset out."High-rise building Technical Specification for Concrete Structures" (JGJ 3 -2002) rules that: "In recent years, the rise of short-limb shear wall structure is conducive to residential building layout, the structure can further reduce weight." The advantages and characteristics of the short pier shear walls in high housing are affirmed. Short shear wall structure has additional holes and increases the width of window and door openings, the wall consists of several short independent reinforced concrete wall sections, by rachelling beams to realize the reduction of wall flange, and increasing the vibration period of building and reducing earthquake effect.Short shear wall is one kind of wall styles, usually using the T-shaped, L-shaped, cross and so on. These are mainly distributed in the room wall for the intersection of a separating wall, and considering the needs of lateral force and the forms of separation barrier, lay the appropriate number of various forms, short shear wall and the wall layout with beams forming as a whole. The spare partition of short shear wall, filled with lightweight masonry.This paper includes the followings: opening report and task plan，introduction, high-rise building with shear wall structural design requirements, the design description and structural arrangement, results and analysis, the design summary，reference and tribute.The design has the following features:1. Comprehensive consideration, including the building, structure, the requirements of the construction requirements and the feasibility.2. According to the characteristics of different loads, using various calculation methods, graduation has a comprehensive system of review.3. Using ICC toward the results for checking, mastering the use of AutoCAD, PKPM softwares, making the results more convinced.Through the graduation design, I am more in-depth understanding of the importance and necessity of practical design, I also have a whole cognition for civil engineering, which is of great help for integrating use and consolidating the basic theory and professional knowledge, establishing proper design and engineering economic philosophy. At same time, making me impressed most is scholarship must be rigorous, students should have serious scientific attitude, be good at linking theory with practice, the knowledge learned in books should be verified by practice in order to bring expertise into the strength to advance.Key words: structural design, wall structure, high-rise buildings, PKPM, AutoCAD目录第一章绪论 (1)1.1 高层建筑现状及结构 (1)1．2 剪力墙结构设计要求 (2)1.2.1 短肢剪力墙的定义 (2)1.2.2 短肢剪力墙的界定方法 (2)1.2.3 短肢剪力墙设计 (2)1.2.4短肢剪力墙设计抗震加强 (2)1.2.5 短肢剪力墙受力分析 (3)第二章设计说明与结构布置 (4)2.1 结构设计说明 (4)2.1.1 设计依据及选用说明 (4)2.1.2 材料 (4)2.1.3 基础部分 (5)2.1.4 钢筋混凝土部分 (5)2.1.5 结构留孔要求 (6)2.1.6 其它 (6)2.2 结构平面布置 (6)2.3 SETWE计算参数设置 (7)2.3.1 总信息 (7)2.3.2 风荷载信息 (9)2.3.3 地震信息 (10)2.3.4设计信息 (12)2.3.5计算控制参数 (13)第三章计算结果及分析 (17)3.1 计算结果说明 (17)3.1.1最大地震力作用方向 (18)3.1.2有效质量系数 (19)3.1.3周期比 (19)3.1.4位移比 (20)3.1.5刚重比 (25)3.1.6剪重比 (25)3.2 弹性动力时程分析 (27)第四章设计小结 (31)参考文献 (32)谢辞 (33)第一章绪论毕业设计是在校完成本科学习的最后一个实践环节，它的目的是通过设计，将大学四年所学的基础理论和专业技能知识融会贯通，达到学以致用的目的，来具体地分析和解决一个实际问题。