Using Hearing Aids for the Nonimplanted Ear
新视野大学英语读写译(第三版)第二册Unit8课后习题答案
He became a children's doctor because of his love for children and his strong desire to keep them healthy.He is thought of having no moral compass: He tortures innocent animals for his career advancement and his experiments have nothing to do with medicine.The public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance to them, while the senators and politicians continue to give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists.The author does not really admit their mistake, but the tone is apparently ironic, criticizing that the physicians were too soft to respond to the animal rights activists.Life is cruel to both animals and human beings. If physicians don't create an animal model of the problem, they have to do experiments on human beings; or the medical knowledge will remain static.Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped, and fundamental biological processes will remain mysteries.If the more radical members of this movement are successful in threatening further research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost the lives of many human beings.It helps diagnose disease.• It develops drugs to cure infection and disease.• It carries out complex surgical procedures.• It empl oys techniques to replace defective genes.• It stimulates development of synthetic organs.Participate in different animal rights activities.• Make public speeches at different social settings.• Write newspaper articles to condemn the inhuman animal research.• Launch an appeal on the Internet to arouse public concern for animal rights.It is too cruel and inhuman.• Animals should have equal rights as humans.• The research result may not apply to humansYes, because they are ethical and justified and the public will support the movement.• No, because they are misdirected and they even do something improper such as burning an animal laboratory.Yes, if animal research is abandoned, there will be almost no advances in medicine and it will cost many lives of human beings. As compared to animals, human beings are more valuable because they take many social responsibilities.1.The main task for the troop there is not fighting but (arresting) theprogress of the enemy army and waiting for reinforcements (援兵).2. He always anxiously summarizes the concessions which he has made buthe almost always (omits) to mention those offered by the other party.3.She was an excellent teacher, whose (optional) courses on women's writing were very popular among the students.4. It will be up to the doctor's judgment whether or not the organ can besuccessfully (transplanted) to the child who has been waiting for it.5. Teachers can no longer use their past experiences to prepare students fortheir future career; (hence) , our young people need to rely onthemselves.6. Accurate and inaccurate information is mixed so naturally that there are noreliable ways to tell what has been (twisted) and what has not.7.That wealthy lady's demand on a premarital agreement greatly (stung) her future husband's pride, and it ended up with his refusal to get married.8.When I opened the album, I carefully examined every photograph in(minute) detail by wearing my reading glasses so as not to miss anything.It seems that James has a talent for acting because he can (imitate)different teachers' speeches perfectly, which really amazes hisclassmates.10. Smoking is compared to self-poisoning and self-destroying, thus makingthe (evil) effects of smoking cigarettes truly alarming.interferencethrillerscarcespecificconsumption / consumerdeceptioninvasion / invaderprocession1. Multinational corporations protested strongly against any unreasonable(interference) by some countries in the free marketplace.2.At the time a real threat of a(n) (invasion) of the British Isles existed, so the British troops were gathered around the coastline to get ready to fight against an invading fleet.(Consumption) is relatively low, and it shows that the economicproblem in the country stems from the dangerous side effects of careless politics and widespread poverty.4.The wedding (procession) was of an enormous size and enormoussplendor, which was started homeward and followed by a large banquet ata luxury hotel.5. When doing writing exercises for that English course, students shouldremember that they are writing according to (specific) structures.6.Among close family and good friends, (deception) is the worst part of life, and we believe in practicing good faith and honesty.7.Jobs are (scarce) at the moment, so you should be realistic in yourchoices about the pay, working hours, medical benefits, bonuses, etc.8.The writer was thinking about writing some kind of (thrillers) because it would help him become popular through making his plot more attractive to the young.The animal rights movement is a social movement which seeks an end to using animals in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries, (1)(hence) being called animal liberation. It advocates the idea that the most basic interests of non-human creatures should be (2)(afforded) the same consideration as those of human beings.Advocates (3)(lobby) for animal rights from different aspects, ranging from the focus on animal suffering in laboratories to the argument that (4) (insists) on not casting animals as properties of human beings. Despite the different approaches, advocates broadly (5)(consent) to the opinion that animals should be viewed as non-human members of the moral community and should be (6)(omitted) from being food, clothing, entertainment, orresearch subjects. The idea of (7)(awarding) rights to animals wins the support of several prominent scholars.However, some critics argue that animals are unable to enter into a social contract or moral (8)(compass) and for that reason cannot be granted rights. Only humans have duties and, therefore, only humans have rights. There is nothing wrong or (9)(evil) about using animals as resources so long as there is no unnecessary suffering. From within the animal rights movement itself, there has also been (10)(criticism) of certain forms of animal rights activism, in particular the destruction of fur farms and animal laboratories..Some people have (persisted in) a traditional view that languagelearning is essentially the same as the learning of grammar or language rules.2. Regular review of the teaching material in school ensures that the coursesprovided (have relevance to) the workplace and what students will do in the future.3. Job opportunities are expanding rapidly, and more and more people are(becoming aware of) online chances that allow them to work at home.4.They have put old women in nursing "homes", (isolated from) human warmth and contact, and then complained that they had lost their mental abilities.5.Some organizations are exploiting local people (in the name of)scientific research: They are collecting genetic material for commercial purposes.6.Day care centers for the elderly (make a contribution) to overall public service; they did a lot to make the life of the old active, valuable andmeaningful.7.The policeman has (been occupied with) extra duties, so he would nothave the time either for answering questions or being interviewed.8.What the chairman said did not (tip the scales) much to his advantage;his statement can be only considered as a slim chance for gainingapproval.Many people will give some excuse not to keep a pet: They smell bad, they are messy, they are expensive, or I don't have enough time to take care of them. While most of these reasons sound plausible, there are some good reasons why you should keep a pet to have a positive life.First, pets can give you unconditional love and companionship. Pets make you always feel accepted and loved. They are always good listeners and respond to love, regardless of whether you are blind, deaf, ill or depressed. When coming home from a long, stressful day of school or work, you see a cute animal waiting for you in front of the door. You can't help but feel happy!In addition to companionship, pets can greatly increase your physical activity and improve your overall state of health. It is proven that a person who owns a pet is less likely to struggle with ailments and serious medical problems. Owning a pet can help people lower the blood pressure, fight loneliness, and conquer depression. Long walks with a dog also burn your calories! Undoubtedly, keeping pets makes you busier and leaves you more work to do. However, pets give you a sense of responsibility. If you do not care well enough for your pets, they will be ill or even die. Having a pet is a great way to learn the value of responsible ownership. You will discover that life is not just about you. Just like parenthood, owning a pet requires a lot of time and effort. After all, everyone should keep a pet because pets provide you with unconditional love, help you retain good health, and teach you to be responsible. Even though it sometimes means more work and unexpected trouble, it's worth our effort.世界自然基金会（WWF）是一个致力于有关保护、研究和修复环境议题的国际性非政府组织。
图文作文英语
图文作文英语In the realm of English language learning the integration of visual and textual elements in essay writing is a powerful tool for enhancing comprehension and expression. Heres a detailed guide on how to approach a graphicassisted English essayUnderstanding the TaskWhen given a task to write an English essay with visual aids first understand the prompt and the purpose of the visual elements. Are they to support your argument illustrate a point or provide a context for your essayPlanning Your Essay1. Outline Your Main Points Before you start writing create an outline of the main points you want to cover in your essay.2. Integrate Visual Elements Decide where the visual elements will fit into your essay. They should complement your written content not overshadow it.Choosing the Right Visual Aids1. Images Use images that are relevant to your topic. They can be photographs illustrations or diagrams.2. Graphs and Charts These are useful for presenting data and making comparisons.3. Tables Use tables to organize information in a clear and concise manner.4. Infographics These combine text and visuals to explain complex information in an engaging way.Writing the IntroductionStart with a hook to grab the readers attention.Introduce the topic and provide a brief overview of what the essay will cover.Mention the visual aids you will use and how they contribute to your argument.Developing the Body ParagraphsEach paragraph should focus on one main idea.Use the visual aids to support your points. For example if youre writing about the causes of climate change a graph showing the rise in global temperatures can be a powerful addition.Make sure to refer to the visual aids in your text explaining what they show and why its relevant.Writing the ConclusionSummarize the main points of your essay.Reiterate the significance of the visual aids in reinforcing your argument.End with a closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.Formatting and CitationsEnsure that your essay follows the correct format e.g. APA MLA or Chicago.Cite any sources used for the visual aids just as you would for any other source.Reviewing and EditingAfter writing review your essay for clarity coherence and consistency.Check for grammatical errors and typos.Ensure that the visual aids are clearly labeled and properly integrated into the text.Example of a Graphicassisted English EssayTitle The Impact of Social Media on Mental HealthIntroductionIn recent years social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. While it offers numerous benefits such as staying connected with friends and family it also poses potential risks to mental health. This essay explores the impact of social media on mental health supported by visual aids that include graphs charts and infographics.Body ParagraphsParagraph 1 Discusses the prevalence of social media use and its potential benefits such as increased social interaction and access to information.Paragraph 2 Presents a graph showing the correlation between social media use and reported levels of anxiety and depression.Paragraph 3 Uses an infographic to illustrate the psychological effects of social media such as the fear of missing out FOMO and social comparison.Paragraph 4 Analyzes the role of social media in cyberbullying and its impact on selfesteem.ConclusionThe visual aids presented in this essay have underscored the complex relationship between social media and mental health. While it offers opportunities for connection and learning excessive use can lead to negative psychological outcomes. It is crucial for individuals to be aware of these potential risks and to use social media mindfully.By following these guidelines you can effectively incorporate visual elements into your English essay making it more engaging and persuasive.。
噪声的管理PPT(English)
Regulations in the United States
OSHA
29 CFR 1910.95
OSHA
29 CFR 1926.52
MSHA
30 CFR Part 62
FRA
49 CFR 227/229
Industry Permissible Exposure Limits Action Level Noise Monitoring Audiometric Testing Training Hearing Protectors Recordkeeping 90 dB 85 dB Required Annual Required New Hires/Annual Required @ PEL Required OSHA 300 Log
PERSONAL DOSIMETER
Sound “averaged” throughout day for sample employee/job
IN-EAR DOSIMETER
Collects personal noise dose – the only real measure of risk
NOISE+ Noise AND Acoustics ACOUSTICS ~ Hierarchy of Controls
How We Hear
The Human Cochlea
17-year old girl
• Low noise exposure • Normal cochlea • Receptors intact
76-year old man
• Low noise exposure • Fewer receptors but still intact
雅思阅读第038套P3-Musical_Maladies
雅思阅读第038套P3-Musical_Maladies雅思阅读第038套P3-Musical MaladiesREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Musical MaladiesNorman M. Weinberger reviews the latest work of Oliver Sacks on music.Music and the brain are both endlessly fascinating subjects, and as a neuroscientist specialis-ing in auditory learning and memory, I find them especially intriguing. So I had high expecta-tions of Musicophilia, the latest offering from neurologist and prolific author Oliver Sacks. And I confess to feeling a little guilty reporting that my reactions to the book are mixed.Sacks himself is the best part of Musicophilia. He richly documents his own life in the book and reveals highly personal experiences. The photograph of him on the cover of the book—which shows him wearing headphones, eyes closed, clearly enchanted as he listens to Alfred Brendel perform Beethoven’s Pathétique S onata—makes a positive impression that is borne out by the contents of the book. Sacks’s voice throughout is steady and erudite but never pon-tifical. He is neither self-conscious nor self-promoting.The preface gives a good idea of what the book will deliver. In it Sacks explains that he wants to convey the insights gleaned from the “enormous and rapidly growing body of work on the neural underpinnings of musical perception and imagery, and thecomplex and often bizarre disorders to which these are prone ”He also stresses the importance of “the simple art of observation” and “the richness of the human context.” He wants to combine “observation and description with the latest in technology,” he says, and to imaginatively enter into the expe-rience of his patients and subjects. The reader can see that Sacks, who has been practicing neurology for 40 years, is torn between the "old-fashioned” path of observation and the new-fangled, high-tech approach: He knows that he needs to take heed of the latter, but his heart lies with the former.The book consists mainly of detailed descriptions of cases, most of them involving patients whom Sacks has seen in his practice. Brief discussions of contemporary neuroscientific reports are sprinkled liberally throughout the text. Part I, “Haunted by Music,” begins with the strange case of Tony Cicoria, a nonmusical, middle-aged surgeon who was consumed by a love of music after being hit by lightning. He suddenly began to crave listening to piano music, which he had never cared for in the past. He started to play the piano and then to compose music, which arose spontaneously in his mind in a “torrent” of notes. How could this happen? Was the cause psychological? (He had had a near-death experience when the lightning struck him.) Or was it the direct result of a change in the auditory regions of his cerebral cortex? Electro-encephalography (EEG) showed his brain waves to be normal in the mid-1990s, just after his trauma and subsequent "conversion” to music. There are now more sensitive tests, but Cicoria has declined to undergo them; he does not want to delve into the causes of his musicality. What a shame!Part II, “A Range of Musicality,” covers a wider variety of topics, but unfortunately, some of the chapters offer little ornothing that is new. For example, chapter 13, which is five pages long, merely notes that the blind often have better hearing than the sighted. The most interest-ing chapters are those that present the strangest cases. Chapter 8 is about “amusia,” an inabil-ity to hear sounds as music, and “dysharmonia,” a highly specific impairment of the ability to hear harmony, with the ability to understand melody left intact. Such specific “dissociations” are found throughout the cases Sacks recounts.To Sacks’s credit, part III, “Memory, Movement and Music,” brings us into the underappreci-ated realm of music therapy. Chapter 16 explains how “melodic intonation therapy” is being used to help expressive aphasie patients (those unable to express their thoughts verbally fol-lowing a stroke or other cerebral incident) once again become capable of fluent speech. In chapter 20, Sacks demonstrates the near-miraculous power of music to animate Parkinson’s patients and other people with severe movement disorders, even those who are frozen into odd postures. Scientists cannot yet explain how music achieves this effect.To readers who are unfamiliar with neuroscience and music behavior, Musicophilia may be something of a revelation. But the book will not satisfy those seeking the causes and implica-tions of the phenomena Sacks describes. For one thing, Sacks appears to be more at ease dis-cussing patients than discussing experiments. And he tends to be rather uncritical in accepting scientific findings and theories.It’s true that the causes of music-brain oddities remain poorly understood. However, Sacks could have done more to draw out some of the implications of the careful observations that he and other neurologists have made and of the treatmentsthat have been successful. For example, he might have noted that the many specific dissociations among components of music comprehension, such as loss of the ability to perceive harmony but not melody, indicate that there is no music center in the brain. Because many people who read the book are likely to believe in the brain localisation of all mental functions, this was a missed educational oppor-tunity.Another conclusion one could draw is that there seem to be no "cures” for neurological prob-lems involving music. A drug can alleviate a symptom in one patient and aggravate it in another, or can have both positive and negative effects in the same patient. Treatments men-tioned seem to be almost exclusively antiepileptic medications, which “damp down” the excit-ability of the brain in general; their effectiveness varies widely.Finally, in many of the cases described here the patient with music-brain symptoms is reported to have “normal” EEG results. Although Sacks recognises the existence of new tech-nologies, among them far more sensitive ways to analyze brain waves than the standard neu-rological EEG test, he does not call for their use. In fact, although he exhibits the greatest com-passion for patients, he conveys no sense of urgency about the pursuit of new avenues in the diagnosis and treatment of music-brain disorders. This absence echoes the hook’s preface, in which Sacks expresses fear that “the simple art of observation may be lost” if we rely too much on new technologies. He does call for both approaches, though, and we can only hope that the neuro logical community will respond.SECTION 3: QUESTIONS 27-40Questions 27-30Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27Why does the writer have a mixed feeling about the book?AThe guilty feeling made him so.BThe writer expected it to be better than it was.CSacks failed to include his personal stories in the book.DThis is the only book written by Sacks.28What is the best part of the book?Athe photo of Sacks listening to musicBthe tone of voice of the bookCthe autobiographical description in the bookDthe description of Sacks’s wealth29In the preface, what did Sacks try to achieve?Amake terms with the new technologiesBgive detailed description of various musical disordersCexplain how people understand musicDexplain why he needs to do away with simple observation30What is disappointing about T ony Cicoria’s case?AHe refuses to have further tests.BHe can’t determine the cause of his sudden musicality.CHe nearly died because of the lightening.DHis brain waves were too normal to show anything. Questions 31-36Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet, write31 _______________ It is difficult to give a well-reputable writer a less than favorable review.32 _______________ Beethoven’s Pathétique Sonata is a good treatment for musical disorders.33 _______________ Sacks believes technological methods is not important compared with observation when studying his patients.34 _______________ It is difficult to understand why music therapy is undervalued.35 _______________ Sacks should have more skepticism about other theories and findings.36 _______________ Sacks is impatient to use new testing methods.Questions 37-40Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.37 ____________ The dissociations between harmony and melody38 ____________ The study of treating musical disorders39 ____________ The EEG scans of Sacks’s patients40 ____________ Sacks believes testing based on new technologie。
GRE考试语文历年真题精讲精练2024年版
GRE考试语文历年真题精讲精练2024年版GRE（研究生入学考试）是美国的研究生入学考试，其中语文部分对考生的语言理解、阅读能力以及写作能力有着较高的要求。
本文将对GRE考试语文历年真题进行精讲和精练，帮助考生对语文考试有更深入的理解和准备。
第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解是GRE考试语文部分的重点，考察考生对文本的理解、推理和分析能力。
以下是三道历年真题的精讲：题目一：Text:In the early 20th century, the advent of radio brought about the growth of a new profession: broadcasting. At first, radio broadcasting was limited to news reporting and music playing. However, as technology improved and the popularity of radio soared, new forms of programming emerged.The golden age of radio, spanning from the 1920s to 1950s, saw the rise of radio dramas. These dramas, often referred to as "theater of the mind," captivated audiences with their vivid storytelling and imaginative sound effects. Famous works like "The War of the Worlds" brought the medium to new heights.Question:The primary purpose of the text is to:(A) discuss the technology of early radio broadcasting(B) compare radio dramas to other forms of entertainment(C) highlight the popularity of radio broadcasting during the golden age(D) explain the rise of broadcasting as a professionAnswer:C) highlight the popularity of radio broadcasting during the golden ageExplanation:The text primarily focuses on the growth and popularity of radio broadcasting during the golden age, from the 1920s to 1950s. It mentions the emergence of radio dramas as a new form of programming and their impact on the medium's popularity. Therefore, the correct answer is C.题目二：Text:The key to effective communication lies in active listening. Active listening involves fully engaging with the speaker, paying close attention to both verbal and non-verbal cues, and providing feedback to ensure accurate understanding.Active listening requires conscious effort and practice. It means setting aside distractions and focusing solely on the speaker. It also involves asking clarifying questions, summarizing what has been said, and expressing empathy when appropriate.Question:What is the main idea of the text?(A) Active listening requires conscious effort and practice.(B) Effective communication relies on paying attention to non-verbal cues.(C) Active listening involves providing feedback to the speaker.(D) Distractions should be eliminated for effective communication.Answer:A) Active listening requires conscious effort and practice.Explanation:The text emphasizes the importance of active listening in effective communication and emphasizes that it requires conscious effort and practice. While the other options are mentioned as components of active listening, they are not the main idea of the text. Therefore, the correct answer is A.题目三：Text:Climate change, resulting from human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial production, poses a significant threat to our planet. Rising global temperatures have led to increased natural disasters, disrupted ecosystems, and rising sea levels.To combat climate change, it is crucial to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to renewable energy sources. This requires international cooperation, policy changes, and individual action.Transitioning to a low-carbon economy is not only necessary for the survival of future generations but also presents opportunities for economic growth and technological innovation.Question:What is the author's main argument?(A) Climate change is causing rising sea levels.(B) Transitioning to renewable energy sources is essential for combating climate change.(C) Natural disasters are a result of human activities.(D) Economic growth is dependent on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.Answer:B) Transitioning to renewable energy sources is essential for combating climate change.Explanation:The text argues that combating climate change requires reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources. It also mentions the opportunities for economic growth and technological innovation in a low-carbon economy. The other options are mentioned as consequences or aspects of climate change but are not the main argument. Therefore, the correct answer is B.第二部分：写作训练GRE考试语文部分还包括写作题目，考察考生的写作能力和逻辑推理能力。
2024年教师资格(初级中学)-英语知识与教学能力(高中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2024年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分)His___________in alcohol mined his whole life.A. indulgenceB. habitC. engagementD. addiction2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Mr. Woods, I am here just in case anything out of the ordinary__________.A. happensB. happenC. would happenD. will happen3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities is the most suitable for group work?______.A. guessing gameB. story tellingC. information-gapD. drama performance4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities can be used to get the main idea of a passage?A. Reading the passage in detail.B. Reading to sequence the events.C. Reading to fill in the charts.D. Reading the first and last sentences of the passage and the paragraphs.5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) To our surprise, the stranger______to be an old friend of my mother’s.A. turned outB. turned upC. set outD. setup6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) new buildings will be built in my hometown.A. A great deals ofB. A lots ofC. A plenty ofD. A great number of7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 请阅读Passage2,完成下列小题.Passage 2We had been wanting to expand our children‘s horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything wed been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva,where we are based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.We envisioned the trip as a prelude to more exotic ones, perhaps to New Delhi or Bangkok later this year, but thought our 11- and 13-year-old needed a first step away from manicured boulevards and pristine monuments.What we didn’t foresee was the reaction of friends, who warned that we were putting our children “in danger",referring vaguely, and most incorrectly, to disease, terrorism or just the unknown. To help us get acquainted with the peculiarities of Istanbul and to give our children a chance to choose what they were particularly interested in seeing, we bought anexcellent guidebook and read it thoroughly before leaving. Friendly warnings didn’t change our planning:although we might have more prudently checked with the U.S. Department’s list of troublespots. We didn’t see a lot of children among the foreign visitors during our six-day stay in Istanbul, but we found the tourist areas quite safe, veryinteresting and varied enough even to suit our son, whose oft-repeated request is that we not see “every single” church and museum in a given city.Vaccinations werent needed for the city, but we were concerned about adapting to the water for a short stay. So we used bottled water for drinking and brushing our teeth, a precaution that may seem excessive, but we all stayed healthy.Taking the advice of a friend, we booked a hotel a 20-minute walk from most of Istanbul’s major tourist sites. This not only got us some morning exercise, strolling over the Karakoy Bridge, but took us past a colorful assortment of fishermen, vendors and shoe shiners. From a teenager and preteens view. Istanbul street life is fascinating since almost everything can be bought outdoors. They were at a good age to spend time wandering the labyrinth of the Spice Bazaar, where shops display mounds of pungent herbs in sacks. Doing this with younger children would be harder simply because the streets are so packed with people; it would be easy to get lost.For →our two←, whose buying experience consisted of department stores and shopping mall boutiques, it was amazing to discover that you could bargain over price and perhaps end up with two of something for the price of one. They also learned to figure out the relative value of the Turkish lira, not a small matter with its many zeros.Being exposed to Islam was an important part of our trip. Visiting the mosques, especially the enormous Blue Mosque, was our first glimpse into how this major religion is practiced. Our children’s curiosity already had been piqued by the five daily calls to prayer over loudspeakers in every comer of the city, and the scarves covering the heads of many women. Navigating meals can be troublesome with children, but a kebab, bought on the street or in restaurants, was unfailingly popular. Since we had decided this trip was not for gourmets, kebabs spared us th e agony of trying to find a restaurant each day that would suit the adults’ desire to try something new amid children’s insistence that the food be served immediately. Gradually, we branched out to try some other Turkish specialties. Although our son had studied Islam briefly, it is impossible to be prepared for every awkward question that might come up, such as during our visits to the Topkapi Sarayi, the Ottoman Sultans9 palace, no guides were available so it was do-it-yourself, using our guidebook, which cheated us of a lot of interesting history and anecdotes that a professional guide could provide. Next time, we resolved to make such arrangements in advance.On this trip, we wandered through the magnificent complex, with its imperial treasures, its courtyards and its harem. The last required a bit of explanation that we would have happily left to a learned third party.Whom does“our two”in PARAGRAPH 5 refer to? ______ .A. the coupleB. the kidsC. the gourmetsD. local-style markets8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following statements is NOT a way of presenting new vocabulary?____.A. definingB. using real objectsC. writing a passage by using new wordsD. giving explanations9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age, for the same age, for these children to develop to their full adult potential; their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society5s understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children—disabled or not —to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.From its passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children______.A. is now enjoying legal supportB. disagrees with the tradition of the countryC. was clearly stated by the country’s foundersD. will exert great influence over court decisions10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What stage can the following grammar activity be used at?The teacher asked students to arrange the words of sentences into different columns marked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.A. Presentation.B. Practice.C. Production.D. Preparation.11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)According to Britain linguist F. Palmer, there are no real synonyms. Though"cast" and"throw" are considered synonyms, they are different in__________.A. styleB. collocationC. emotive meaningD. regions where they are used12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What advantage do the new generation Latino writers have over LatinAmericanwriters according to the passage?A. The former are able to write in two different languages.B. The former can translate their works into different languages.C. The former are able to express ideas from a bi-cultural perspective.D. The former can travel freely across the border between two countries.13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It is not so much the language______the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understanD.A. asB. butC. likeD. nor14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Which inference in the brackets of the following sentences is apresupposition?A. Ede caught a trout. (Edecaught a fish.)B. Don' t sit on Carol' s bed. (Carol has a bed.)C. This blimp is over the house. (The house is under the blimp.)D. Coffee would keep me awake all night. (I don' t want coffee.)15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There are many different ways of presenting grammar in the classroom. Among them, three are most frequently used and discusseD. Which one does not belong to them?______.A. deductive methodB. inductive methodC. guided discovery methodD. productive method16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a teacher teaches young learners English pronunciation, he should______.A. listen as much as possibleB. input regardless of students5 abilityC. tolerate small errors in continuous speechD. read more English materials17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities is the best for training detailed reading?A. drawing a diagram to show the text structureB. giving the text an appropriate titleC. transforming information from the text to a diagramD. finding out all the unfamiliar words18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following teacher‘s instruction could serve the purpose of eliciting ideas?A. Shall we move on?B. Read after me, everyoneC. What can you see in this picture?D. What does the world "quickly" mean?19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?A. The quality of writing is of primary importance.B. Common humanity is central to news reporting.C. Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.D. Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What is the best title for this passage?A. Creativity. and InsightsB. Insights and Problem SolvingC. Where Do Insight Moments Come?D. Where Do Creativity Moments Come?21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Where did you find the wallet?—It was at the stadium______I played football.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. there22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensifieD. This will involve even increasing quantities of agriculture chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be lesseneD. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazarD. This involves the processing of solid wastes prior to disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or best reduce pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients containeD. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries,such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste production into marketable byproducts. Other industries have potential economic uses for their waste products.The phrase “prior to”（ParA. 2） probably means______.A. afterB. duringC. beforeD. beyond23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 请阅读passage2，完成下列小题。
Why Should I Wear A Hearing Aid If I Already Use A Cochlear Implant
Why Should I Wear a Hearing Aid on My Non-implanted Ear?
1. Preserve the Non-implanted Ear 2. Better Hearing in Noise 3. Localization
Ching Study Continued
The speech signal was pointed at the
hearing aid side. The Children were asked to repeat both sentences and consonants presented at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) of 10 dB and 15 dB.
Can a Child go back to Wearing a HA if they have Stopped?
Research (Ching) shows that by gradually
reintroducing a hearing aid most children will adapt to the hearing aid again.
you can localize where that sound is coming from.
But Won’t The Two Different Types of Sounds Be Confusing?
The hearing aid is an acoustical sound and
the cochlear implant is an electrical sound. However, research (Ching) indicated that our brains are able to combine the two different types of stimulation and process it. However, you will need to do adjustments sometimes.
英语三级笔译综合能力2004年试卷、答案及解析
英语三级笔译综合能力2004年试卷Section 1 Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This section consists of three parts. Bead the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.Part 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this party there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Then blacken the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. Grover Cleveland was the first president ______ in the White House.A. got marriedB. to get marriedC. has got marriedD. was married2. If cauliflowers are not _____ from extreme temperatures, the heads get discolored.A. protectedB. shelterC. shadeD. saved3. The gas ______ from the tank is dangerous.A. given offB. giving outC. giving awayD. given up4. When it started to snow, we turned round and _____ the hotel.A. got byB. searched forC. made forD. cleared up5. Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived _____ hope.A. inB. forC. onD. through6. Rice is the ______ food of most Southeast Asians.A. commonB. generalC. stapleD. popular7. William Byrd was the owner of the largest library in colonial ______.A. periodB. timeC. timesD. periods8. Exobiology is the study of life ______ other planets.A. inB. atC. onD. to9. The Declaration of Independence, _______ the Constitution of the United States,was drawn up with the help of Benjamin Franklin.A. andB. alsoC. as well asD. so too10. It was from the Lowell Laboratory that the ninth ______, Pluto, was sighted in1930.A. planetB. constellationC. stardomD. satellite11 .The rodent, _______ the mouse, rat, guinea pig, and porcupine, are mammals withincisor-like teeth in both jaws.A. made upB. includingC. consistingD. constitute12. ______ into oceans and rivers is a serious form of pollution.A. Pouring sewageB. Emptying litterC. Throwing garbageD. Dumping sewage13. Products which are made from dirts and are _____ high temperatures are knownas ceramics.A. tempered inB. subjected toC. exposed toD. baked in14. A pigment called melanin protects the _____ layers of skin from sun rays.A. underB. belowC. underlyingD. underneath15. Oranges are a ______ source of vitamin C.A. wellB. betterC. goodD. very16. Even after having their grandchildren live with them for ten years, the couple feltthat ______ children these days was the most difficult of all family matters.A. risingB. raisingC. caringD. taking care17. The most important ______ of the farmers in Iraq is dates, of which Iraq is theworld's leading exporter.A. economic cropB. cash cropC. money cropD. staple18. More has been learned about the Moon than any other of the Earth's neighbors inspace because of the Apollo program, which enabled men to walk on the Moon and bring back hundreds of pounds of _____.A. rocksB. rockC. stoneD. stones19. _____ the variety that the average family has in beef, fish, poultry, and vegetarianrecipes, they find most meals unexciting.A. InspiteB. InspiteC. Despite ofD. Despite20. The speaker _____ have criticized the paraprofessionals, knowing full well thatthey were seated in the audience.A. should not toB. must notC. ought not toD. may notPart 2 Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, By C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. Iceland has the oldest parliament, which goes as far back to 930 A. D. whenAlthing, the legislative organization, was established.A. officeB. adobeC. assemblyD. building22. The only problem with the debate last week was that the beginning sounded morelike a personal attack than a dispassionate, intellectual arguing.A. discussionB. argumentC. talkD. speech23. Susan Jones was at the bus stop well on time to take the 7:01 bus, but she had tomiss her breakfast to do it.A. catch up withB. catchC. run up toD. be catching24. Since her father could not drive her to the airport, she requested her uncle to driveher instead.A. takeB. bringC. dispatchD. deliver25. A famous collection of Persian, Indian, and Arabian folktales, the Arabian Nightswas supposedly told by the legendary queen Scheherazade to her husband every night for 1,001 days.A. imaginaryB. imageryC. fabledD. legend26. What may be the oldest fossil footprint yet found was discovered in June 1968 byWilliam J. Meister, a non-professional fossil collector.A. a part-timeB. a spare-timeC. an untrainedD. an amateur27. Most of us think of sharks as dangerous, owing to lack of information rather thanfear.A. due toB. becauseC. asD. for28. Double Eagle D, the first trans-Atlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds inFrance.A. eagerB. surgingC. appreciativeD. vigorous29. The discovery of the connection between aspirin and Reyessyndrome, a rare anddeadly ailment, is a recent example of the caution with which drugs must be used, even for medical purposes.A. diseaseB. sickC. illD. illness30. My parents moved out of their old home sometime last year after they hadcelebrated their 50th year there.A. anniversaryB. years oldC. ageD. wedding31. The library she worked in lent books, magazines, audio-cassettes and maps to itscustomers, who could keep them for four weeks.A. borrowersB. lendersC. patronsD. clients32. A common question that people ask a story writer is whether or not he hasexperienced what he has written about.A. fictionB. scienceC. imaginaryD. literary33. At the World literacy Center, an organization that works to help people read, thehelpers work hard, enabling them to successfully reach their goals.A. assistantsB. volunteersC. part-timersD. amateurs34. The officers made it clear that they were letting her go only because that she wasold and not because she was above suspicion.A. for reasonB. due toC. because ofD. on the grounds35. The book, which is a useful guide for today's young people, deals with manyquestions and problems that face them at school and at home as well as in society.A. are facedB. confrontC. in oppositionD. meetPart 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 75 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error. Below each sentence, there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWERSHEET.36. All don't have a free ticket must pay the admission fee.A. Everyone who doesn't have a free ticketB. No one who doesn't have a free ticketC. No one who has free ticketsD. Anyone who has free tickets37. When I last saw them, the police had chased the robbers down Columbus Street.A. were chasingB. was chasingC. chasedD. were on a chase38. Erosion that is a slow process, but it constantly changes the features on the surfaceof the earth.A. which isB. althoughC. beingD. is39. When an organism is completely encapsulated and preserved, it becomes a fossil,therefore turning into evidence of things that once lived.A. therebyB. as a result ofC. soD. in the end40. The pictures of the Loch Ness Monster show a remarkable resemblance to aplesiosaur, a large water reptile of the Mesozoic era presuming extinct for more than 70 million years.A. supposedB. presumablyC. presumptuousD. is presumed41. In our own galaxy, the Milky Way, there are perhaps 200 billion stars, a small partof them probably have planets on which life is feasible.A. a small fraction in whichB. a small fraction of whichC. a small fraction whichD. which a fraction of42. "But you'll be able to come, won’t you?" "Yes, I think such."A. thatB. itC. soD. this43. The professor is quite difficult pleased.A. to pleaseB. to be pleasedC. for pleasingD. pleasing44. Because everyone knows, facts speak louder than words.A. SinceB. ThatC. ItD. As45. The trapeze artist who ran away with the clown broke up the lion tamer's heart.A. broke awayB. broke downC. brokeD. broken down46. His heavy drinking and fond of gambling makes him a poor role model.A. and fact that he gamblesB. and that he gamblesC. and he gambles whichD. and gambling47. Depression that inflicts people who believe their lives lack content when the rushof the busy week stops referred to by a prominent psychiatrist as Sunday Neurosis.A. has been referred to by a prominent psychiatristB. has been referred to as by a prominent psychiatristC. a prominent psychiatrist has referred to itD. it has been referred to by a prominent psychiatrist48. Just as there are occupations that require college degrees also there areoccupations for which technical training is necessary.A. so to there areB. so too there areC. so there areD. so too are there49. Most of the older civilizations which flourished during the fifth century B. C. aredied out.A. they have died outB. has died outC. have died outD. they had died out50. The student asked her professor if he would have gone on the spaceship he didknow earlier.A. if he knewB. if he knowsC. he had knownD. had he known Section 2 Reading Comprehension (55 points)In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfin-ished statements about the passage, each with four (A, B, C and D) choices to com-plete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 51 - 56 are based on die following passage.Awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community’s understanding of atomic and subatomic processes.Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory, which became the foundation of twentieth century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time. The model required the emission of electromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation, v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is known as Planck's constant. It is now recognized as one of the fundamental constants of the world.Planck announced his findings in 1900, but it was years before the full consequences of his revolutionary quantum theory were recognized. Throughout his life, Planck made significant contributions to optics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, among other fields.51. In which of the following fields did Max Planck NOT make a significantcontribution?A. Optics.B. Thermodynamics.C. Statistical mechanics.D. Biology.52. The word "revolutionary" as used in Line 15 means_.A. radicalB. extremistC. momentousD. militaristic53. It can be inferred from the passage that Planck’s work led to the development of________.A. The rocketB. The atomic bombC. The internal combustion engineD. The computer54. The particles of electromagnetic radiation given off by matter are known as ____.A. quantumsB. atomsC. electronsD. valences55. The implication in this passage is that ______.A. only a German physicist could discover such a theoryB. quantum theory, which led to the development of twentieth century physics, isbasically a mathematical formulaC. Planck's constant was not discernible before 1900D. radiation was hard to study56. ―An idea‖ as used in line 5, refers to _____.A. a model of matterB. emission of electromagnetic radiationC. quantumsD. the equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequenciesPassage TwoQuestions 57 ~ 62 are based on the following passage.There has been much speculation about the origin of baseball. In 1907 a special commission decided that the modern game was invented by Abner Doubleday in 1839. One hundred years later the National Baseball Museum was opened to honor Doubleday. Historians, however, disagree about the origin of baseball. Some say that baseball comes from bat-and-ball games of ancient times. It is a matter of record that in the 1700s English boys played a game they called ―baseball‖. Americans have played a kind of baseball since about 1800. At first the American game had different rules and different names in various parts of the country —―town ball‖, ―rounders‖, or ―one old cat‖. Youngsters today still play some of these simplified forms of the game.Baseball did not receive a standard set of rules until 1845, when Alexander Cartwright organized the Knickerbocker Baseball Club of New York City. The rules Cartwright set up for his nine-player team were widely adopted by other clubs and formed the basis of modern baseball. The game was played on a "diamond" infield with the bases 90 feet apart. The first team to score 21 runs was declared the winner. By 1858 the National Association of Baseball Players was formed with 25 amateur teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings began to pay players in 1869.57. Which of the following is true about the origins of baseball?A. Historians agree that baseball was invented by Abner Doubleday.B. Baseball, as played in the early 19th century, differed very little from today'sgame.C. As early as the 1700s, English boys played a game called "baseball".D. The first standard set of baseball rules was established at the turn of the century.58. What was the first professional baseball team called?A. New York Knickerbockers.B. Milwaukee Braves.C. Cincinnati Red Stockings.D. Brooklyn Dodgers.59. Who first gave baseball a standard set of rules?A. Abner Doubleday.B. Alexander Cartwright.C. Albert Spalding.D. Babe Ruth.60. Which of the followings was not a predecessor of baseball?A. Rounders.B. Town ball.C. Cricket.D. One old cat.61. The tone of the passage is ______.A. persuasiveB. informativeC. biasedD. argumentative62. The passage implies that until 1869, baseball was played for all of the followingreasons except _______.A. exerciseB. leisureC. profitD. socializingPassage ThreeQuestions 63-68 are based on the following passage.The blue of the sea is caused by the scattering of sunlight by tiny particles suspended in the water. Blue light, being of short wavelength, is scattered more efficiently than light of longer wavelengths. Although waters of the open ocean are commonly some shade of blue, green water is commonly seen near coasts, especially in tropical or subtropical regions. This is caused by yellow pigments being mixed with blue water. Phytoplankton are one source of the yellow pigment. Other microscopic plants may color the water brown or brownish-red. Near the shore, silt or sediment in suspension can give water a brownish hue. Outflow of large rivers can often be observed many miles offshore by the coloration of suspended soil particles.Marine phytoplankton (Greek for "plant wanderers") are microscopic single-celled plants that include diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids, green algae, and blue-green algae, among others. The growth of these organisms, which photogynthesize light, depends on a delicate balance of nutrient enrichment via vertical mixing, which is often limited by the availability of nitrogen and light. Diatoms are one-celled plants with patterned glass coverings. Each glass, or silicon dioxide box, is ornamented with species-specific designs, pits, and perforations making them popular with microscopists and, more recently, electron scanning microscopists.63. Green water near coastlines is almost always caused by _____.A. sand colorB. red pigments in coastal watersC. blue pigmentD. reflected light and yellow pigment from plant life64. Phytoplankton are the source of which color pigment?A. Red.B. Green.C. Yellow.D. Blue.65. What can give waters a brownish hue near the shore?A. Sediment.B. Phytoplankton.C. Blue pigment.D. Diatoms.66. Which of the following is NOT a type of phytoplankton?A. Green algae.B. Diatoms.C. Blue-green algae.D. Amoeba.67. The growth of phytoplankton is often limited by the availability of _____.A. oxygenB. hydrogenC. nitrogenD. carbon dioxide68. The main idea of this passage is that _____.A. light causes sea colorB. sea coloration is varied because of a combination of length of light waves andmicroscopic plant life and siltC. microscopic plant life causes sea colorD. water composition causes sea colorPassage FourQuestions 69 - 75 are based on the following passage.The United States government publishes guidelines for appropriate nutrient intakes. These are known as the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and are updated regularly based on new research in nutrition. RDAs are suggested amounts of calories, protein, and some minerals and vitamins for an adequate diet. For other dietary substances, specific goals must await further research. However, for the U.S. population as a whole, increasing starch and fiber in one's diet and reducing calories (primarily from fats, sugar, and alcohol) is sensible. These suggestions are especially appropriate for people who have other factors for chronic diseases due to family history of obesity, premature heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol, or for those who use tobacco.Snacks can furnish about one-fourth of the calorie requirements among teenagers. Those snacks should also provide much of the day's allowances for protein, minerals, and vitamins. Sandwiches, fruit, and milk make good snacks for active teenagers. Food from the food pyramid may be part of any meal. A grilled cheese sandwich or a bowl of whole-grain cereal is just as nutritious in the morning as it is at noon. In addition, a good breakfast consists of any foods that supply about one-fourth of the necessary nutrients for the day.69. The passage directly states that most of the U. S. population should increase theirintake of ______.A. proteinB. fatsC. starch and fiberD. sandwiches70. A good breakfast should supply about what percentage of the necessary nutrientsfor the day?A. One-half.B. One-third.C. One-fourth.D. Less than one-fourth.71. The passage implies which of the following?A. The rime of day when food is consumed affects its nutritive value.B. Different foods can be combined to increase total nutrition value.C. It can be detrimental to your health to eat breakfast foods later in the day.D. When food is eaten has no bearing on its nutritive effects.72. Why are RDAs regularly updated?A. New discoveries in the science of nutrition are constantly being made.B. Americans' diets are constantly changing.C. As people age, their nutritional needs change.D. Very little is currently known about nutrition.73. In this passage RDAs refers to___.A. types of vitaminsB. types of proteinC. types of mineralsD. amounts of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals74. One implication in this passage is that _____.A. all RDAs have been establishedB. not all RDAs have been established yetC. it's not important to know RDAsD. RDAs are necessary only for sick people75. The reduction of calories in the diet is particularly good for people who sufferfrom ________.A. obesityB. premature heart disease and diabetesC. high blood pressure and cholesterol levelsD. all of the abovePassage FiveQuestions 76 - 81 are based on the following passage.The most popular organic gem is the pearl. A pearl is the response of a marine mollusk to the presence of an irritating impurity accidentally introduced into its body;a cultured pearl is the result of the intentional insertion of a mother-of-pearl bead into a live mollusk. Whether introduced accidentally or intentionally, the pearl-making process is the same: the mollusk coats the irritant with a substance called nacre. Nacre is composed chiefly of calcium carbonate. Because very few natural pearls are now on the market, most pearls used in fine jewelry are cultured. These include "Biwa" pearls and most other freshwater pearls. Cultured pearls are not easily distinguished from natural pearls except by an expert.76. Which of the following people could tell the difference between a cultured pearland an organic pearl?A. Scuba diver.B. Fisherman.C. Jeweler.D. Clerk.77. What is the chief component of nacre?A. Sand.B. Bead.C. Calcium carbonate.D. Biwa.78. The difference between a pearl and a cultured pearl is the nature of the ____.A. colorB. introduction of the irritating impurityC. coating materialD. irritating impurity79. Nacre is a substance that is ______.A. mechanically manufacturedB. the result of laboratory testingC. organically secreted by the molluskD. present in the chemical composition of freshwater pounds80. The main idea of this passage is that ______.A. most marketable pearls are cultured because nature does not produce enough ofits own to satisfy the marketB. cultured pearls are of a higher quality than natural pearlsC. there are two major methods of pearl-makingD. a natural ―drought‖ of pearl production is taking place81. Cultured pearl is formed by ____.A. insertion of a pearl into a live molluskB. an oyster into which a piece of grit has been placedC. putting in a live molluskD. placing a bead into culturePassage SixQuestions 82-87 are based on the following passage.Stress is with us all the time. It comes from mental or emotional activity as well as physical activity. It is unique and personal to each of us. So personal, in fact, that what may be relaxing to one person may be stressful to another. For example, if you're a busy executive who likes to keep occupied all of the time, "taking it easy" at the beach on a beautiful day may be extremely frustrating, nonproductive, and upsetting. You may be emotionally distressed from "doing nothing." Too much emotional stress can cause physical illnesses such as high blood pressure, ulcers, or even heart disease. Physical stress from work or exercise is not likely to cause such ailments. The truth is that physical exercise can help you to relax and to better handle your mental or emotional stress.82. Which of the following people would find ―taking it easy‖ stressful?A. Construction workers.B. Business executives.C. Farm workers.D. Truck drivers.83. Which of the following would be a determinant as to what people find stressful?A. Personality.B. Education.C. Marital status.D. Shoe size.84. This article, published by the Department of Health and Human Services,probably came from the ______.A. Federal Bureau of InvestigationB. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health AdministrationC. Education AdministrationD. Communicable Diseases Administration85. A source of stress NOT specifically mentioned in this passage is _____.A. educational activityB. physical activityC. mental activityD. emotional activity86. Physical problems caused by emotional stress can appear as all of the followingEXCEPT _____.A. ulcersB. pregnancyC. heart diseaseD. high blood pressure87. One method mentioned to help handle stress is ____.A. physical exerciseB. tranquilizersC. drugsD. taking it easy Passage SevenQuestions 88 ~ 92 are based on the following passage.With the sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms, the individual is said to be experiencing acute schizophrenia (精神分裂症) - "Psychotic" means out of touch with reality, or unable to separate real from unreal experiences. Some people have only one such psychotic episode. Others have many episodes during a lifetime but lead relatively normal lives during interim periods. The individual with chronic (continuous or recurring) schizophrenia often does not fully recover normal functioning and typically requires long-term treatment, generally including medication, to control the symptoms. These symptoms may include hallucinations (幻觉), incoherence, delusions, lack of judgment, deterioration of the abilities to reason and feel emotion, and a lack of interaction between the patient and his environment. The hallucinations may be a visual, auditory, or tactile. Some chronic schizophrenic patients may never be able to function without assistance of one sort or another.88. Which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia?A. Hallucinations.B. Delusions.C. Incoherence.D. Vertigo.89. It can be inferred from the passage that a person experiencing acute schizophreniamost likely ______.A. cannot live without medicationB. cannot go on livingC. can hold a full-time jobD. cannot distinguish real from unreal90. According to this passage, thinking that one can fly might be an example of ____.A. medicine overdoseB. being out of touch with realityC. recovering normal functioningD. symptom control91. The passage suggests that the beginning of severe psychotic symptoms of acuteschizophrenia may be any of the following EXCEPT_____.A. debilitatingB. sudden occurrenceC. occurring after a long period of normalcyD. drug-induced92. The passage implies that normal life may be possible for the chronicschizophrenic with the help of ______.A. medicinesB. neurotic episodesC. psychotic episodesD. time Passage EightQuestions 93 ~ 100 are based on the following passage.Aspirin is one of the safest and most effective drugs invented by man. The most popular medicine in the world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad effects are relatively mild. It is also cheap.For millions of people suffering from arthritis, it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also the second largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning among children. It has side effects that, although relatively mild, are largely unrecognized among users.Although aspirin was first sold by a German company in 1899, it has been around much longer than that. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of tree barks and leaves which today are known to contain a chemical found in aspirin. During the 19th century, there was a great deal of experimentation in Europe with this。
2023-2024学年江苏省南京师大附中高二上学期期末考试英语试卷
2023-2024学年江苏省南京师大附中高二上学期期末考试英语试卷A visit to Antarctica is much more than a holiday. Remote and undamaged, any journey there is a unique adventure you’ll find nowhere else on earth.As you cruise in style aboard Discovery, you will gaze upon majestic, icy peaks, giant icebergs and diverse wildlife that includes whales, seals, penguins and birds. You will sail through glass y bays and have the opportunity, weather permitting, to set foot on Antarctica’s shores and volcanic beaches. On all cruises, you will get as close to nature as you would on smaller ships, while enjoying a higher class of Discovery’s 4-star comforts.Exciting cruises aboard DiscoveryNo single supplement on cabinsVoyage to Antarctica20 Days, departing 16 November 2023From Lisbon across the Atlantic Ocean to Buenos Aires with stops in exotic settings like Funchal, Rio de Janeiro and UshuaiaNow from £ 3575Antarctica, Chile &Patagonia18 Days, departing 16 December 2023From Buenos Aires sail to Antarctica and depart the ship in SantiagoNow from £ 3145Note: some sailings might be in reverse, from Santiago to Buenos AiresCape to Cape23 Days, departing 7 February 2023Leave from Buenos Aires and sail around Cape Horn, visit Antarctica and make your way to Cape Town, South AfricaNow from £ 2995What’s included:●All meals, entertainment and tips on board. Return flights to/from UK. Overseas transfers between airports, hotels and ship. Hotel stays in Buenos Aires and Santiago. Informative lecture programme, Landings ashore and small boat sightseeing.●PLUS—Save an extra £500 per couple on early bookings before September 2023.The priority of the cruises is to provide you with opportunities to learn about Antarctica’s f ragile ecosystem. Lectures given by Dr. Peter Carey and his team will bring Antarctica to life. They will accompany you on your landings ashore and on small boat field trips（depending on ice and weather conditions）.1. What activity is included on Discovery cruises?A．Camping on the volcanic beaches.B．Interacting with seals and penguins if possible.C．Swimming through the waters filled with icebergs.D．Setting foot on Antarctica’s shores if the weather allows.2. Which month’s cruise plan offers the po ssibility of sailing in the opposite way?A．February. B．December. C．November. D．September.3. A major focus of Discovery cruises is ________.A．extending luxury hotel stays B．small boat sightseeing and landing ashoreC．learning about the environment of Antarctica D．providing free meals and entertainment on board“Think different.”—Apple“The only thing worse than being talked about is not being talked about.”—Oscar WildeApple’s two-word slogan and Oscar Wilde’s wit are examples of microstyle, the art of creating short messages that grab attention, communicate instantly, stick in the mind, and roll off the tongue. We all need microstyle in this age of social media. Twitter and Facebook provide an opportunity to use writing in everyday life. However, today readers have too much to absorb, and knowing how to write short, powerful messages is one of the most important writing skills in the 21st century. Here are some techniques for getting noticed.Help people find meaningThe meanings of words are the result of background knowledge, associations and assumptions that linguist Charles Fillmore called “frames”. Communicating well is largely a matter of successful framing. Consider the slogan of Lilipit, which makes educational software for children: “Feedingc uriosity daily”. The word “education” is avoided because it produces a dry teaching or training context, but “curiosity” made the software into something people would want to use. That is an example of great framing. Framing also uses metaphor, which can make complex meanings immediately accessible. Consider the way the name Twitter, for example, uses the simple notion of birds chattering to give a sense of what this multi-vocal communication platform is all about.Make it singPeople remember short messages by their sounds. Poets know this, of course, as do advertisers. Names and slogans make use of rhythm and rhyme. The classic Hallmark slogan, “When you care enough to send the very best” uses the same rhythm found in Shakespeare’s blank verse. Rhyme brigh tens slogans such as “Must-see TV” and names such as 7-Eleven. Specific sounds can go well with the meanings of the messages. Makers of beauty products, such as Chanel, Avon and L’Oreal, have names with “soft” sounds. However, a company such as Black and D ecker, which makes tools, has a name with a forceful rhythm and “hard” consonants.Be creativeSometimes a message will get the power from the way it toys with the old and familiar. After the crisis of 2019 a finance company used the slogan, “We turn the financial world right side up”. This reversed the usual expression “to turn something upside down”. So to make people understand your point, you do not ________. A few words, cleverly chosen, will do the job for you.4. Based on the text, microstyle messages are ________.A．easy to ignore B．hard to pronounceC．easy to remember D．hard to understand5. Fillmore’s “frames” indicate that words ________.A．mean only one thing B．have meanings that never changeC．have fairly obvious meanings D．depend on experience for their meaning 6. According to the text, which statement is TRUE?A．The social media ask people to write short messages.B．The name“7-eleven”uses numbers to grab attention.C．Twitter emphasizes the sounds birds use to communicate.D．Black and Decker uses strong rhythm to go well with its products.7. Which of the following goes in the gap in the last paragraph?A．have to break a routine B．have to use lots of wordsC．need to choose the right idea D．need to employ the proper writingstrategiesPlaying in a big international orchestra is one of life’s most exciting experiences, yet it is also a very tough job. Players are part of a team of eighty or more musicians playing some of the world’s greatest music. They work very long hours—turning up early for rehearsals (排练) on dark, cold, winter’s mornings in a chilly, empty hall; working till late in the evening on the night of a concert; travelling at all hours of the day and night; eating and sleeping when they can; trying to play well when they are tired or hungry or have a headache. There’s not much time left for family or friends. In fact, their family is the rest of the orchestra. The musicians share the quick pace and the worries, but they also share the wonderful moments when they are all playing together and feel on top of the world.Much of an orchestra’s time is spent in rehearsal. The players may already know the music by heart, but every conductor has his or her own ideas about how a piece of music should be played. Some conductors like to go through a piece of music bar by bar, stopping the orchestra each time they want to make a comment. Others let an orchestra play for long stretches at a time, then go back to a particular point they want to rehearse again. Whatever the conductor’s method, it is important that the musicians are happy with it. If the players don’t like the conductor, they can become verydifficult, interrupting the session with questions or complaints. At one time conductors, such as Toscanini, used to get such fine performances out of an orchestra by shouting at the musicians and almost frightening them into playing well. That sort of behavior would not work with most orchestras today. After all, orchestral musicians are highly trained and experienced people and they should be treated with respect.If a rehearsal is held in the morning of a concert, everybody will be in casual clothes in the morning but in the evening they will change into formal dress. Most will arrive at least an hour early to unpack and inspect their instruments—violinists to check their strings and bow, woodwind players to check their reeds, and everyone to run over any difficult passages of music.Musicians, like actors, are aware of the audience; they notice whether the audience is a good one or not. A good audience will listen and respond to the music, whereas a difficult audience coughs and fidgets throughout the performance. Above all, the musicians are also aware of whether they are playing well, not just individually but as a team. Knowing they are giving a good performance makes all the difference at the end of a long, hard day.8. Playing in a large orchestra is a tough job mainly because ________.A．members get sick from time to time B．rehearsals require painstaking efforts C．the competition among members is fierce D．family gatherings occupy too much time 9. An effective conductor is one who ________.A．receives the players’ approval B．forces the team to play wellC．explains everything to the players D．allows no interruption or complaints 10. Orchestral players feel the greatest sense of achievement when ________.A．the conductor treats them with respect in rehearsalsB．they change into formal dress before a concertC．the audience listens and responds to their musicD．they cooperate well as a team in the performance11. What is the main idea of the passage?A．Music makes a difference to the world.B．Rehearsals are important to musicians.C．The conductor determines the success of a concert.D．Musicians have a demanding yet rewarding career.Wikipedia (维基百科), one of the last remaining pillars of the open and free web, is in existential crisis.The trend towards rationality (理性) was endangered long before the birth of the World Wide Web. As Neil Postman noted in his 1985 book Amusing Ourselves to Death, the rise of television introduced not just a new medium but a new atmosphere: a gradual shift from a typographic (印刷的) culture to a photographic one, which in turn meant a shift from rationality to emotions, opinions to entertainment.In an image-centered and pleasure-driven world, Postman noted, there is no place for thinking, because you simply cannot think with images. It is text that enables us to “uncover lies and confusions, and to detect abuses of logic and common sense. It also means to weigh ideas, to compare and contrast statements, to connect one generalization to another.”The dominance of television was not contained to our living rooms. It overturned all of those habits of mind, fundamentally changing our experience of the world, affecting politics, religion, business, and culture. It reduced many aspects of modern life to entertainment and commerce. “Americans don’t talk to each other; we entertain each other,” Postman wrote. “They don’t exchange ideas; they exchange images. They do not argue with propositions; they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.”At first, the web seemed to push against this trend. When it emerged towards the late 1980s as a purely text-based medium, it was seen as a tool to pursue knowledge, not pleasure. Reason and thought were most valued in this garden. Universities were among the first to connect to this new medium, hosting discussion groups, informative blogs, electronic magazines, and academic forums. It was an intellectual project, not about commerce or control, created in a scientific research center in Switzerland.Wikipedia was a fruit of this garden. So was Google search and its text-based advertising model. And so were blogs, which valued text, hyperlinks, knowledge, and literature. And for more than a decade, the web created an alternative space that threatened television’s power over society. Social networks, though, have since colonized the web for television’s values. From Facebook to Instagram, the medium refocuses our attention on videos and images, rewarding emotional appeals —“like” buttons over rational ones. Instead of searching for knowledge, it engages us in an endless passion for instant approval from an audience, for which we are constantly but unconsciously performing. It reduces our curiosity by showing us exactly what we already want and think, based on our profiles and preferences. The Enlightenment’s motto(座右铭)of “Dare to know” has become “Dare not to care to know.”Now the challenge is to save Wikipedia and its promise of a free and open collection of all human knowledge among the conquest of social media — how to collect and preserve knowledge when nobody cares to know. We need to understand that the decline of the web and thereby of the Wikipedia is part of a much larger civilizational shift which has just started to unfold.12. According to Neil Postman, which of the following statements is TRUE?A．Television started a revolution in photographic technology.B．Texts help people think critically to make judgements.C．Images give people more chances to communicate deeper.D．The web was meant to serve as an entertainment platform.13. The underlined word “propositions” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”.A．experiences B．appearances C．opinions D．consequences 14. What can we infer about the influence of social media from the underlined sentence?A．We are constantly distracted and can’t focus for long.B．We are well kept updated with the latest information.C．We have become more curious about the outside world.D．We have become uninterested in intellectual pursuits.15. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A．The Decline of TelevisionB．The Power of Social MediaC．Why We Amuse Ourselves to DeathD．How Social Media Endangers KnowledgeSpotting AI art mistakesArtificial intelligence(AI) has been increasingly good at fooling people. Several photos showing former US president Donald Trump being aggressively arrested by police have caught people’s attention. They were fake but very convincing.Created by the AI program Midjourney, the photos were highly realistic, from the characters’ movements to the surroundings. 16 The Washington Post’s technology writer Shira Ovide shared her tips. The main idea is to spot the glitches-anything that would look strange in a photo.17 It sometimes can create hands with more than five fingers. This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is, according to Popular Science. The data Al uses to learn often show hands and fingers in different kinds of gestures, which can be very confusing for AI.AI-generated images also usually contain details that contradict reality. 18 To spot this, focus on small items which are easy to ignore. And if there’s a text in an image, such as a newspaper or poster, it’s usually garbled (篡改的), even though the text may look realistic from a distance. Another thing AI is terrible at handling is the background. If there’s a crowd in the image, people’s faces in the background are usually unclear. 19The development of AI-generated art also raises alarm bells about how these fake images could be used to spread misinformation. 20 Jamie Cohen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, argued that generating an AI artwork is to “create reality”. H e added that being able to tell whether the work is real or not requires high media literacy skills. “The world may not be ready for how realistic the images have become,” Shane Kittelson, a US researcher, told The Washington Post.I was born and raised in the Netherlands, and I had always lived there until I was 30 years old. In the Dutch ________, I was sociable and intelligent. And it never occurred to me that this could be different in another culture. ________, the first time I moved to the US, I felt emotionally out of________ on many occasions. I want to ________ this with three true stories.At the start of my stay at the University of Michigan, one professor asked me to join a seminar on emotions. I introduced myself in an ________ way as “interested in culture and emotion.” The professor then added my self-introduction to ________ American standards, saying that I was one of the world’s experts on the topic. In response, I looked down in ________, thinking “expert” was a big word.We lived in North Carolina and had friends coming over to dinner. Conversations were lively and there was a lot of sharing. When my guests left, they thanked me for dinner. My heart ________, because “thanking for dinner” in the Netherlands means that the relationship is distant.I wrote on my student’s paper that part of her paper was “boring”, then I told my undergraduate students at my U. S. university that they should reflect better and ________ more readings. In their teaching ________, students wrote that I was “rude”.No one would suggest the Netherlands and the U.S. are dramatically different cultures. The professor meant to make me feel good, but instead made me ________ . My friends meant to show ________, but I thought they were distancing themselves from us. I meant to give my students the comments to which they were ________ , but they felt it was rude. Where did it go wrong?We think emotions are feelings deep inside us, but ________, we always have our emotions in interactions with others. Our emotions are not ________ mental feelings, but deeply rooted in the culture where we are raised.21.A．content B．context C．contact D．contract22.A．Therefore B．Instead C．However D．Moreover23.A．shape B．place C．order D．sight24.A．generate B．appreciate C．dominate D．illustrate25.A．over-reacted B．over-estimated C．under-developed D．under-stated 26.A．fit B．bend C．lower D．set27.A．disappointment B．amazement C．embarrassment D．excitement28.A．raced B．melted C．ached D．sank29.A．contribute to B．refer to C．adapt to D．appeal to30.A．evaluations B．predictions C．compositions D．preparations 31.A．uncomfortable B．unconfident C．unconstrained D．unforgiving 32.A．respect B．curiosity C．concern D．gratitude33.A．addicted B．entitled C．compared D．attached34.A．in total B．in advance C．in reality D．in detail35.A．mostly B．merely C．rarely D．nearly阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
专业英语四级(听写听力)模拟试卷229(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（听写听力）模拟试卷229(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATIONPART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.1．正确答案：Disability Nowadays in the west the able-bodied are constantly reminded / that disabled people have rights just like everyone else / and they mustn’t discriminate against them in any way. / Public buildings must have toilets big enough for wheelchairs. / Bus drivers are supposed to announce every stop / so that blind people know when to get off. / One is not allowed to refuse a person a job on the grounds / that he or she has only one leg, or cannot speak. / We use phrases like “physically challenged” instead of crippled. / Things like the Para Olympics have done wonders / to raise people’s awareness with so many positive images / and perspectives towards disabled people genuinely have changed. / New technology is also making a huge difference. / For example, high tech hearing aids exist for the deaf, as well as laser surgery for the very short sighted. / And cars are adapted so that people can drive them with only one hand, or even no hands at all. /解析：残疾如今在西方，体格健全的人常被提醒：残障人士跟其他人一样享有各种权利，体格健全之人不得以任何方式歧视他们。
听不见的人如何学英语作文
听不见的人如何学英语作文It can be challenging for a person who is unable to hear to learn English. However, with determination and the right resources, it is possible to overcome this obstacle. Here are some ways in which a person who cannot hear can learn English.1. Visual aids: Visual aids play a crucial role in helping a person who cannot hear learn English. They can use flashcards, pictures, and videos to associate words with images and gestures. This visual representation helps in understanding and memorizing vocabulary.2. Writing exercises: Writing exercises are beneficial for learning English as they allow individuals to practice forming sentences and expressing their thoughts. They can write short stories, essays, or even keep a journal to improve their writing skills.3. Lip-reading: Lip-reading can be a useful skill for aperson who cannot hear to understand spoken English. By observing the movements of the speaker's lips, they can decipher the words and phrases being spoken.4. Online resources: The internet offers a vast array of resources for learning English. There are numerous websites, apps, and online courses specifically designedfor individuals with hearing impairments. These resources provide interactive lessons, exercises, and even virtual tutors to assist in learning English.5. Sign language: Sign language can be used as a bridge between spoken and written English for individuals who cannot hear. By learning sign language, they can communicate with others and understand English through gestures and signs.6. Subtitles and captions: Watching movies, TV shows, and videos with subtitles or captions can help a person who cannot hear to comprehend spoken English. This visual aid allows them to read along while listening, improving their understanding of the language.7. Communication with others: Engaging in conversations with native English speakers or other learners can greatly enhance language skills. Through written communication,sign language, or even through assistive devices,individuals can practice speaking and understanding English.8. Visualizing and associating: Creating mental images and associations can aid in memorizing vocabulary and understanding grammar rules. By associating words with images or situations, individuals can better retain and recall English words and phrases.9. Regular practice: Like any other language, regular practice is essential for learning English. Consistent practice through various methods mentioned above will help individuals improve their language skills over time.10. Seeking support: Joining support groups or communities for individuals with hearing impairments whoare learning English can provide a supportive andmotivating environment. They can share experiences, tips,and resources, creating a sense of belonging and encouragement.Remember, learning a language is a journey that requires patience and perseverance. With the right approach and determination, a person who cannot hear can successfully learn and communicate in English.。
失聪的建议英语作文
失聪的建议英语作文英文回答：Deafness is a condition that affects hearing. It can range from mild to profound, and can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, illness, and injury. Deafness can have a significant impact on a person's life, affecting their ability to communicate, learn, and interact with the world around them.There are many different ways to address the challenges of deafness. Some people choose to use hearing aids or cochlear implants to improve their hearing. Others learn sign language to communicate with others. There are also a variety of assistive technologies available to help deaf people live independently.One of the most important things for deaf people is to have access to education and support. Deaf children need to be able to learn in a way that meets their unique needs.This may involve using sign language, assistive technology, or other accommodations. Deaf adults need to have access to information and resources to help them live independently. This may include job training, housing assistance, and other support services.Deafness can be a challenging condition, but it is also a unique and valuable part of many people's lives. Deaf people have a rich culture and history, and they have made significant contributions to society. With the right support and accommodations, deaf people can live full and productive lives.中文回答：什么是失聪？失聪是一种影响听力的疾病。
山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题_1
The 4 Best Group Travel Tour panies for 2022
Best Overall Group Travel: Exodus Travels
This awardwinning group travel pany takes pride in thousands of repeat customers who sign up for trips year after year. These small group tours operate with only around 12—16 people, and always feature experienced local leaders who can give you a unique insight into your destination.
Founded by climate activist Elizabeth Wathuti when she was fifteen years old, the initiative’s primary focus is on developing young climate activists through environmental education in schools and addressing food insecurity in the region through planting fruit trees. Since its foundation, over 30,000 trees have been planted in Kenya, while thousands of school children have not just planted trees but adopted them to ensure that young people learn the importance of acting as a guardian over the health of the environment. The trees have recorded a survival rate of over 98 percent, as they remain tended to from young trees to maturity.
HearingHearingaidsAidse-Audiology
To “Find an Audiologist” in your local area, visit .11730 Plaza America Drive, Suite 300 Reston, VA 20190800-AAA-2336 | 703-790-8466 S amp lMaintenance and InsuranceYour audiologist will review with you the details of your insurance coverage (if available), financing options, loss, theft and damage insurance, war-ranty, service protocols, maintenance advice, as well as introductory periods and return policies.As with all electronics, hearing aids require care and maintenance. This includes handling them carefully, not exposing the hearing aids to water and chemicals, and keeping them very clean. Your audiologist will discuss and demonstrate proper daily care as well as maintenance techniques and maintenance products. The hearing aid user’s manual will review many of these same points. Given the hostile conditions (tem-perature extremes, high levels of humidity, ear wax, etc.) under which hearing aids operate, daily cleaning and maintenance is recommended. Proper care and maintenance clearly reduces the need for repair.Expectations and OutcomesEven with the best technology, it is important to main-tain realistic expectations. While hearing aids make sounds easier to hear, they will not restore normal hearing. Hearing aids reintroduce you to a world of sound, and it takes time to adapt to the new sounds. Some people adjust quickly, others take longer. Your audiologist will discuss auditory training programs, communication strategies, and hearing assistive tech-nologies to alleviate difficulties in these situations.Untreated hearing loss impairs memory and may cause difficulty related to learning new tasks.Untreated hearing loss may result in decreased job performance and has been shown to negatively impact wages and earnings. Hearing loss treated with hearing aids has been shown to decrease fatigue, irritability, risk to personal safety, andwithdrawal from social situations. Further, in many research studies, hearing aid use has been shown to increase the wearer’s quality of life.Completely-in-the-Canal (CIC)This smallest custom instrument fits deep into the ear canal.Receiver in CanalS ame。
听力受损英语作文
听力受损英语作文I have always been a lover of music, but unfortunately, my hearing loss has made it difficult for me to fully enjoy it. When I was younger, I used to go to concerts and dance to the music, feeling the beat in my bones. But now, I struggle to hear the lyrics and often miss out on the full experience.It's not just music that I have trouble with, but also everyday conversations. I find myself constantly asking people to repeat themselves, and it can be frustrating for both me and the person I'm talking to. I often feel likeI'm missing out on important information and connections because of my hearing loss.I have tried using hearing aids, but they only help so much. They can be uncomfortable to wear, and they don't fully restore my hearing. I have considered getting a cochlear implant, but the thought of surgery and the uncertainty of the outcome make me hesitant.Despite these challenges, I try to stay positive and find ways to cope with my hearing loss. I have learned to rely more on visual cues and body language to understand what people are saying. I also make sure to sit in thefront row at events so that I can hear better and lip read if necessary.Overall, living with hearing loss has its difficulties, but I am determined not to let it hold me back. I continue to find joy in music and connect with others in my own way, despite the obstacles that my hearing loss presents.。
耳聋Hearing Loss-english versionPPT课件(精品医学课件)
Occurs when there is a problem in the way the inner ear or hearing nerve works
Mixed Hearing loss（混合性）
Includes both a conductive and a sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing Loss 耳聋
Definition
• Hearing loss（听力下降，耳聋） exists when there is diminished sensitivity to the sounds normally heard
• Hearing impaired（听力障碍） or hard of hearing（重听） are usually reserved for people who have relative insensitivity to sound in the speech frequencies
– Tympanosclerosis 鼓室硬化症
• Dislocation of ossicles (trauma) 听骨链关节脱位
• Cholesteatoma • Tumors
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
• Sensory • Noise • Medications • Infection • Hereditary/Genetic • Presbycusis • Metabolic
Normal Hearing
dBHL (ANSI, 1969)
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 12,000
甘肃什宁县第一中学2021届高三英语上学期第三次模拟考试试题
甘肃省静宁县第一中学2021届高三英语上学期第三次模拟考试试题本试卷分第?卷(选择题)和第?卷(非选择题)两部分。
共120分。
第?卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AA n Af for da b le Qu a lit y Re ch ar gea b leD ig ita l Hear in g A id -For O n ly $199(Ea c h whe n y o u b uy a pa ir)Th e ne w H ear C lea r GO Re c har ge ab le Dig it a l H ear in g A id fe at ur ea d va nc e d d igita l t ec h n o lo gy a t a n un be lie vab ly aff or da b le pr ic e! Th e GO h as t he s ame key e le me nt s t ha t a ll h igh-e nd d igit a l h ear in g a ids sha re wh ile lea v in g o ut fa n cy b e ll a n d wh i s t le s t hat I n cr eas ec o st a nd re qu ire exp e ns iv e adju st me n ts.Yo u'll be ha pp ier sa v in g a lo t of mo n ey an d re c on n ec t ing with f rie n d s a n d lo v ed one s!Y o ur lig ht we ig h t an d disc ree t(考虑周到的)GO hea r in g a ids ar ea ma z in g lyc o n ve n ien t! W it h th e Go's inc lu ded ch ar gi n g sta t io n，yo u wo n’th a ve t o ke e p re p lac in gt iny he ar in g a id bat te r ie s，a n d t he GO is pr e-pr ogra mme d f or mos t mild t o modera te(中等的) h ear in g los se s--n o c ost ly pr ofe ssio n a l ad ju st me n ts n e e de d.Y o u c an s p en d t hou sa n ds o f d o llar s on an ex pe ns iv e he ar in g a id, ory ou ca n s pe n d ju st $239 for a hea r in g a id t ha t's gr eat f or mos t mild t o mo der at e h ear ing los se s (o n ly $199 ea c h wh en y o u b uy a pa ir). We’re so s ur e y o u’ll b e ha p py wit h y ou r n e w he ar in g aid s. Weo ffe r a 100% M o ney Ba ck Gu ara nt ee–Ris k Fr ee.888-870-7201 U se t h e co u po n(优惠券) C o de RDZ5 Mo ne y s av in g off er: 1-1. Wh at ar e in c lu ded in th e h ear in g a id s?A.Be ll.B. W h ist les.C. C ha rg in g s tat io ns.D.Ex pe n s iv e a dju s tme nts.2. Wh at k in d of hear in g lo ss es ar e t he he ar in g a id s n ot s u ita b le f or?A. M os t mild.B.M ild.C. M o der ate.D.Sev er e.3. H o w mu ch will yo u pay if yo u wa nt t o b uy a pa ir o f h ear in g a ids?- 1-A. $199B. $239C. $ 398D. $498BA gr ou p o f N ort h ern Ir e la n d sc h oo lc h ild r en wa rme d t he he art s ofC h ine se gues ts o n a co ldD ec e mb er day whe n t hey pe rfor medC h ine se s o ng s. Th e c h ildr e n ha d r eh ear se d(排练) f or s ix week s, wit h t h e h e lp of Ma nd ar in t ea ch ers f rom t heU n ive rs it y of U ls ter’s Co nf u c ius I ns t itu t e.Th e per for ma n ce on Fr iday,ins ide B e lfa st’s e leg an t a nd h ist or icP ar lia men tB u ild in gs,p r ec e ded(先于) a we lco me d in n er a he ad of t he th ir d U K-C h ina Re g ion a lL ea d ers M ee t ing on Sat ur da y t hat was a tt en d ed by mor e t ha n 100le a der s fro m C h ina. As tra de r e la t io ns b e t we en C h ina a n d Nor t her n I re lan d gro w, M an dar in has be co me mo re po p u lar in t he p ro v in ce.F r id ay’s pe rfo rman c e was give n by ch ild re n fr o m M illb ur n Pr imary S c ho o l a nd Gr os ven or Gr amma r Sc h oo l,wh ich bo th offer M an da r in le ss o ns, t ha nks to th e loca l Co nf u c iu s I n st itu te t ha t was es ta b lis he d in2012. Fr o m its s tar t, wh ic hs aw t wo Ma n dar in te ac h ers s u pp or t 169 s tu d en ts, t h e U n iv er s it y of U lst er’s Co nf uc iu s I ns t it u te h a d gr o wn to co mpr ise 51 t ea c her s an d 19,000 re gis te re d st u de n ts b y De c embe r, 2017. A qua rt er o f t hein s t it ut e's 161 pa rtn er pr ima ry an d s ec o n dary s c ho o ls hav ema de M an da r in lear n in g c omp u ls ory fo r c ert a in a g e gr o up s. A n ds t ud e nts a lso ga in e xp os ur e to C h ine se c u lt ur e, I nc lu din gc a lligr ap hy, C h ine se c hara ct er s a nd mu s ic.“O ur Co nf uc iu s I ns t it u te was e sta b lish e d p art ly in r es pon s e toe x is t in g de ma n d fro m s c ho o ls,” s a id L iu Ya n, dire ct or of t heU n ive rs it y of U ls ter's Co nf u c iu sI n st itu te. W h ile prep ar in g to op e n t he in s t it ut e, h er t ea m s e nt o ut a s ur v ey to 1, 241pr imary a n d se c on da ry s c ho o ls in N or th er n I re la n d.A ro u nd 500 res p onde d by say in g t hey wo u ld lik e to offe r Ma n dar in le ss o ns.Th e C h ine se go ve rn me nt la u n ch e d the Co nf uc iu s I nst it ut e c o nc e ptin2004 as a way of p ro mo t in g th e C h in e se la n gu ag e a nd c u lt ur ea br oa d. Co nf u c iu s In s t it ut es ar e n on-pr of it or ga n izat io ns a n d areaf f ilia te d(附属于)wit h We st er n a ca demicin s t it ut io ns，in c lu din g se co n dar y sc h oo ls a nd u n iver s it ies.B y th et ime of D e ce mber 2018, 548 Co nf u c ius In st itu te s ha d bee ne sta b lish e d in 154 c o u ntr ies a n d re g ion s. 4. Wha t is t he lo ca lp e op le's att it u de to th e p erf or ma nc e?A. S er iou s.B. U n inte re ste d.C. C ur io us.D. Ca u t io u s.5. Ma n dar in is co mp u lso ry in a b ou t _______________.A. 40 s c ho o lsB. 100 s c ho o ls- 2-C. 160sc ho o lsD. 169 s c ho o ls6. Wh y is t he C on fuc iu s I ns t it u te s et up in No rt he rn Ire lan d?A.To co mpe te with lo ca l s c ho o ls.B.To mee t lo ca l s ch o o ls'de ma n d.C.To tra de with loc a l p eo p le.D.To rea liz e ex ist in g p ur po ses.7. Wh at was t h e p ur po se o f lu n ch in g th e C o nfu c ius In st itu t e c on c ep t in2004?A.To ear n mor e mo n ey.B.To k no w mor e pe o p le.C.To sp rea d C h ines e c u ltu re.D.To tea c h mor e st u de n ts.CW he n v is it ors to t he Pa la ce M us e u m fe e l a nee d t o s it down for ac u p o f tea or f ind a b at hr oo m wit ho ut a lon g line, t h ey soo n will be a b le to t ur n t o t he ir s ma rt p h on esf or t h e inf or ma t io n t hey ne ed.Th is mo de rn-day so lu t io n co me s t ha nk s to a n a gr ee me n t s i g ne d o n F r id ay by th e mus eu m an d H ua we i Te ch n o log ies C o., t het e lec o mmu n icat io n gia nt, t o b u ild a “s ma rt net wor k” u sin g5Gt e ch n o lo gy. U nder t h e ag re eme nt, 5G WI-F I s igna ls will co v er t heP a la ce M us e um, C hin a's imp er ia l pa la ce f ro m 1420 t o 1924, a n d th e b ra n ch mus eu m of t h e in st itu t io n un de r c on str u ct io n inn or t h wes te rn Be ij ing“It’s e sse n t ia l t o a lwa ys st ay c los e to th e lat es t te c hn olo gy tob e tt er se rv e t he pub lic,” sa id S ha n J ix ian g, fo rmer cu rato r(馆长)oft h e Pa la ce Mu se u m.S ha n sa idt h e t her e is st ill mu c h r oo m fo r impr ov e men t in th e ha n dlin g of ah u ge n u mber o f c u lt ur a l re lic s, s u c h as wh e n th e p r ice less p a int in g A long th e River Du ring th eis ex h ib ite d a ga in in t he f ut ur e. W he n it wa s las t ex h ib it ed inQin gming F es tival2015, v is ito rs s to od in lon g li n es u n t il 3 a m to ge t a g limp se.The mu se u m e n de d up p re pa r ing ins ta nt no o dle s to s er ve th e h u n gryv is ito rs. “I do n't wa nt tha t s ce nar iot o re o cc ur,” Sha n s a id. “Ou r o pera t io n ca n b e d on e in a mor es c ien t if ic way.”Th e ne w sy st em will a lso mak e u se of t h e c lose d-c ir c u it te le v is io n c a mer as t ha t a re s et u p a ll o ve r th e Pala c e Mu se u m to s afe gua rdt h e mus e um’s p rec io us r e lics. M ore th a n 1.86 millio n of t h em a re h o us e d at t he muse u m,wh ic h re c or ded n ear ly 20 millio n v is its fr o m t h e p u b lic last y ear,t op p in g a l l mus e ums wo r ld wid e. “Ho w ca n we ma ke s ur e n o s in gle v is ito r wh o might h av e e v il idea s t hre at en st h ese t rea s ure s?”S ha n sa id.“A fte r a do p t ing t h e In te rn e t of t h ing s, we ca n in sta n t ly det e ct a ny mot io n- 3-in v o lv in g t he ar t ifac ts to pre v en t s uc h t hr eat s.”Th e 5G n et wor k a lso will be us e d to imp ro v e r e mo te co ns u ltat io nt hr o ug h we b ca ms, wh ic h will fa c ilitat e c o nv er sat ion s wit h o ve rs eass c ho lars t o jo int ly fin d t he b es t an s wer s to r est ora t io n a ndp re se rva t ion is s ues.8. Wh at do we k n ow a bo ut t h e Pa la ce M u s eu m?A.Its v is ito rs wo n't h av e t o que u e u p f or t he bat hr oo m.B.It s er ve d as Ch ina’s imp er ia l pa la ce f or o v er 600 ye ars.C.It will c oo p erat e wit h H ua we i Te ch no lo g ie s Co. t o p romo te itsma na ge men t.D.It will s et up a dv a nc e d te le v is io n ca meras f or t h e pu rp o se ofs afe ty. 9. W hat do es th e u n der lin e d wo r d "sc en ar io"in Par ag ra ph 3 me an?A.D isa ste r.B. S itua t io n.C. O pe rat io n.D. Exh ib it ion.10. W hat ar e t he f igu re s in P ara gra p h 4in te n de d t o s how a bo ut t h e P a la ce M us e um?A.It is be tt er t ha n a ny o th er muse u ms.B.It has a r ic h c o lle c t io n of c u lt ura l re lic s.C.It e nj oys gre at po p u la r ity a ll ov er th e wo r ld.D.It fa ce s a to u gh c h a lle n ge of pr ot e ct in g r e lics.11. W hat ca n b e a su it ab le t it le f or t he t ext?A. A F ea st fo r Mu seu m V is it orsB.A Re vo l ut io n in Ex h ib it io nC. A Pro te ct or of Cu lt ur a l Re licsD.A Co n ne ct io n B et wee n O ld a nd N e w.DNo wad ays s ome c omp a n ies a re at te mp t in g to gr o w sea fo o d fro mc e lls in a la b orat ory ra th er t ha n h ar ves t ing it fro m t h e oce an s.W it h mas s iv e p ro b le ms wit h o verf i s h ing wor ld wide a n d g ro win gd e ma n d fo r sh r in k in g su p p lies of s eafo o d, t he way f is h cu rr en t lyma kes its way t o ou r p lat es is n’t a lon g-ter m v ia b le op t io n.B e t we en 1961 an d 2016, th e a vera g e a n nu a l in cr eas e in g lo ba l f oo d f ish co ns u mpt ion ou t pa ce d po p u lat io n g ro wth.Thos e ar e f ig ur esn o t su sta in ab le for u s, t he f is h o r th e e n v ir o nme nt as a wh o le.C e llu lar s eaf oo d cou ld b e th e a ns we r. J u st do n't ma ke t he mista ke o f ca llin g it lab-gro wn f ish. “N on e of us in th e ind us try wo u ld ca ll it lab-gr own s eaf oo d,” sa idM ic ha e l Se lden, C EO o f F in les s Fo o ds. “F in les s Fo ods is n’t la b-g r own. We e xp er ime n ta n d cr ea te o ur s c ien c e in th e la b,b ut d o n't pr o duc e pr o du c ts t h ere. O ur pro du cts- 4-c o me f ro m a p ro duc t ion bas e mu c h like a f ar m as a pr o duc t ion bas e f or a n ima ls.”F in less Foo ds is a te c h no lo gy c ompa ny in Sa n Fra n c is co. B e g in n ing in2017,it’s bee n wo rk in g to br in g to mark et a s p ec ies of cu lt ure d b lu ef in t u na(蓝鳍金枪鱼) cr ea te du s in g c e llu lar t e chn o lo gy. Sh or t ly afte r t hat，t he co mpan y p ro d uc e d it s f ir st p o un do f b lue f i n tu na mea t for a cos t of a bou t $19，000. S in ce t h en,h o wev er,it’s b ee nwo rk in g to br in g t ha t pr ic e do wn.S e lde n t er ms wh at F in less Foo d s is doin g“c e ll-bas ed seaf oo d”. We’re gr o win gs eaf oo d fr om r ea l se afo o d c e lls,” S e lde n e xp la ine d. "W e ta ke ce lls fr o m a f is h o nc e, an d th e n gr o w t he m e n dle ss ly fr o m t hat. We dot h e sa me pro c ess th at ha pp e ns ins ide a f ish a n d make it h a pp e no u ts ide a f ish.”Th e goa l of c e llu lar s eafo o d is n't t o e nt ire ly dest roy t h e cu rr en ts eaf oo d indus try. In s tea d,it's in te n ded to a u g me nt it ----a ndp er ha ps to he lp redu c e so meo f t he mor e ha rmful of c urr en t f is h in g p ra ct ic es lik e o ve rfis h in g a nd ille g a l f is h in g. A nd wh e n it c o mes to ce rta in s ea s pe c ies, t h isla b orat ory-bas e d ap p roa c h c ou ld he lp c rea te a p le nt if u l s u p p ly ofc er ta in f is h wit ho u t e n da n ger in g t he su r v iva l of ce rta in ov er f is he ds p ec ies as a who le.12. W hat is th e ma in fu n ct io n of t he se c on d para gr ap h?A. War n in g u s of t he sh r in k in g seaf ood s up p lies.B.Str es s in g t h e s ign if ica n ce of ce llu lar s eaf oo dC. A na lyz in g t h e rea s o ns fo r g lo ba l o ve rf is h in g.D. S h o win g t h e e nvir o nme nta l effe c t on se afo od.13. W hat pro b lem wit h ce llu la r sea foo d is F in les s Fo od s fa c in g?A.The h igh co st of it s pr o du c t io n.B.It s in ade qu ate nu tr ie nt co nt e nt.C.Its po te nt ia l ha rmf u l eff e ct.D.The co mp le x pr od u c t io n pro ce ss.14. W hat do es t he u n der lin ed wo r d “a u gme nt” in t h e las tp ara gr ap h mos t p ro ba b lyme an?A.Re p lac e.B. St re ng t he nC. C an c e l.D. To le rat e.15. W hat is th e b est t it le for th e te xt?A.Is Se afo o d Ma de O ut of Ce lls?B. W ill S ea foo d Be co me C hea pe r?C.Hav e We Go t Eno u g h Se afo od?- 5-D.Is C e llu lar S eaf oo d S us ta ina b le?第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
四川省绵阳市2022-2023学年高二上学期英语期末仿真试题含解析
南山2022-2023学年度高二上学期英语期末仿真试题五第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）（答案在最后）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
AInternational Consumer Electronics Show(CES)is seen as a window into the inventions that will change our lives in the years ahead.Here are some of the best inventions making the headlines from this year’s show.The virtual fence for your wandering dogThis$1,495GPS-enabled dog collar lets you“draw”a boundary anywhere,including your home,the houses of friends,a campsite or a park.If the dog escapes,the GPS alerts you via a mobile phone app and helps you track and find it,even in remote areas like woodland.The robot that brings you toilet paperConsumer goods giant Procter&Gamble’s toilet paper brand,Charmin,has shown a two-wheeled robot designed to save its owner at the most important moment.The“RollBot”is ordered by a smart phone using Bluetooth and uses technology similar to a robot cleaner to navigate to its owner,carrying a precious spare roll. Wearable camera boosting hearing aidsHearing aids can struggle to isolate(分离)sounds,often strengthening background noise as well as a person’s voice.The Hear,a wearable camera made by Israeli tech company OrCam,uses artificial intelligence to identify the person who is speaking and then employ lip reading technology to isolate the sound of their voice, making it easier for those with hearing difficulties to understand them.Solar-powered electric tricycleFrench start-up Wello has displayed a vehicle that lies somewhere between an electric car and a bicycle, showing a solar-powered electric tricycle.The vehicle is pedal-assisted,so it doesn’t need a driving license and can travel in bike lanes,but can reach a top speed of25miles per hour.1.How does the dog collar work?A.By limiting your dog to a boundary anywhere.B.By tracking and finding your dog through an app.C.By using Bluetooth to find where your dog hides.D.By providing more information about your dog for the police.2.What can we know about the Hear?A.It can bring you toilet paper.B.It appeals to people who are visually challenged.C.It strengthens background noise as well as a person’s voice.D.It has an advantage over traditional hearing aids in isolating sounds.3.What do the four inventions have in common?A.They are all helpful in improving people’s lives.B.They are all designed for senior people.C.They are all environment-friendly.D.They are all solar-powered.【答案】1.B 2.D 3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。
人工耳蜗植入工作指南（Guidelinesforcochlearimplantwork）
人工耳蜗植入工作指南（Guidelines for cochlear implant work）The cochlear implant is a biomedical engineering device that helps deaf people recover their hearing and speech communication skills. The cochlear implant is a new technology in the field of medicine and rehabilitation, so in the selection of indications and perioperative evaluation, surgery, postoperative machine and hearing and speech rehabilitation are a reference standard. This guide is intended to provide guidance for clinicians, engaged in the work of hearing and speech rehabilitation workers, the cochlear implant in our country to achieve standardization and standardization, so as to improve the therapeutic effect, to avoid unnecessary risks.Cochlear implantation involves medical, audiology, biomedical engineering, pedagogy, psychology and sociology and other fields, to aurist and listening teachers, speech therapists, training teachers, engineers and parents together constitute the cochlear implant group, collaborative work.Selection of indicationsFirst, the patient selection criteriaFor severe or very severe deafness in both ears, the cochlear implant can be used for localizing the lesion to the cochlea.Selection criteria for deaf patients before speech:1. bilateral severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss; the best age should be 12 months to 5 years; the right of hearing aids, hearing rehabilitation training after 3 ~ 6 months afterhearing language ability has no obvious improvement; and there is no contraindication; the family and (or) implanted himself the correct understanding and appropriate expectations for cochlear hearing; the language rehabilitation education conditions.The smaller the age at which the preoperative deaf patients operate, the better the effect of hearing deprivation and expanding the potential of speech and language skills before the critical period of brain plasticity. More than 6 year old children or adolescents need to have some hearing language foundation, was a hearing aid with history and listening or language training history. The hearing aid is invalid or poor results, is an open hearing in the best listening environment phrase recognition rate is less than 30% or two word recognition rate is less than 70%.Selection criteria for deafness 2. language: deaf patients of all ages after the language; the bilateral severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss; the hearing aid is invalid or poor results, opening phrase recognition rate is less than 30%; and there is no contraindication; the good psychological quality and subjective initiative. Have a correct understanding and appropriate expectations for the cochlear implant; family support.The age of onset and the duration of deafness in post deaf patients are closely related to the outcome after surgery. Generally speaking, the age of onset is earlier, the course of deafness is worse than that of the elderly, and the effect is poor after operation. In addition, the listening environmentin the postoperative life and work can also affect the effect of cochlear implants.3. surgical contraindication: absolute contraindications, including serious inner ear malformations, such as Micheal, no deformity of cochlear malformation; auditory nerve defect; severe mental disorders; cannot be combined with language training; serious mental disease; acute and chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid are not clear; the relative contraindications, including general condition cannot control the difference; epilepsy; rehabilitation training is not reliable.Secretory otitis media and glue ear are not contraindications to operation. Chronic otitis media with perforation of the tympanic membrane can be selected for one-stage or staged surgery if the inflammation is controlled. One-stage surgery refers to the repair of the middle ear mastoid lesion and the repair of the tympanic membrane with the repair of the tympanic membrane (or the mastoid cavity, the temporalis muscle, the packing and the closing of the external auditory canal). Staged surgery involves debridement of the lesion, repair of the perforation of the tympanic membrane or closure of the external auditory canal, and cochlear implantation 3~6 months later.Two. Preoperative evaluation1. medical history collection: to understand the cause of the disease through medical history collection and examination. Emphasis should be placed on the ear disease process and the pathogenesis of deafness, should understand the patient'shearing, tinnitus and vertigo history history, ear poison contact history, history of noise exposure, systemic acute and chronic ear infection history, past history, developmental factors (local or systemic malformations, mental development etc.), family history of deafness hearing aid, wear history and other reasons, such as epilepsy, mental conditions etc.. Deaf children should also include: mother's pregnancy history, child birth history, children's growth history, speech development history.Patients should also understand the language ability (such as pronunciation characteristics, articulation) and language comprehension and communication skills (such as oral, written, sign language, lip reading, guessing).The 2. ear examinations include the auricle, the external auditory canal, the tympanic membrane, and the eustachian tube.3.: the subjective audiometry audiology examination: children under 6 years old with pediatric behavioral audiometry, including behavioral observation audiometry, visual reinforcement audiometry and game audiometry; the acoustic immitance determination: including tympanogram and stapedius reflex; the auditory brainstem response (auditorybrainstemresponse, ABR) 40Hz, related potential (or ASSR); the otoacoustic emission (TEOAE and DPOAE); the speech audiometry: speech audiometry for language detection threshold and language recognition threshold; speech recognition tests including verbal test vocabulary and children speech testing List-1 6 hearing; for matching: the need for professional division of hearing hearing aid fitting, generally need to dobinaural, hearing threshold test and speech recognition test selection, and auditory language Short training for 3 to 6 months; the vestibular function examination (vertigo History); the promontory stimulation test: test including threshold, dynamic range and frequency discrimination, discrimination and interval duration discrimination and psychophysical examination.Audiological assessment criteria: the language of deaf patients: pure tone air conduction threshold determination of >80dBHL (0.5, 1, 2, the average value of 4kHz, WHO standard). If a good ear helps to open phrase recognition not up to 30%, and the hearing loss is greater than or equal to 75dB can also consider the use of cochlear [see the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FoodandDrugAdministration, FDA) of the standard; prelingually deaf patients: for infants need a comprehensive assessment of multiple objective audiometry and behavioral audiometry including: ABR check the acoustic output without auditory reaction (120dBSPL); 40Hz potential detection frequencies above 2kHz maximum sound output when no response frequencies below 1kHz >100dB; multi frequency steady-state frequency audiometry 2kHz response rate 105dBHL; DPOAE the binaural frequency have no reaction; a help the sound field audiometry 2kHz frequency threshold did not enter the auditory language area (banana Figure), speech recognition (word) score less than 70%, that children can not be effectively help from hearing aids; for there is no residual hearing of the patients, such as the promontory with clear auditory response could be considered for cochlear implant surgery. If there is no auditory response to the stimulation of the promontory, the patient or parent should be informed of the situation and bearthe risk of operation.4. imaging evaluation: imaging examination is a critical examination for selecting patients. Routine CT scan of the temporal bone should be performed routinely. If necessary, cranial MRI, three-dimensional reconstruction of the cochlea and the inner ear tract scan should be performed.5. language ability: to have a certain language experience or ability of the patients should do verbal ability assessment (the structure and function of the language), including speech intelligibility, vocabulary, comprehension ability, grammar ability, expression ability and communication ability; for less than 3 years old, uncooperative children, was evaluated by using "parent-child game" video observation method, in order to determine the current status of patients with language ability.Evaluation of 6. psychological, intelligence and learning ability: the lack of language ability of children over the age of 3, the optional learning ability test, those under the age of 3 can choose Grey Faith psychological behavior development scale. The spirit of mental retardation (the learning ability evaluation of suspected <68 IQ points, Grey Faith test spirit development quotient <70) or abnormal psychological behavior, patients should be advised to the authority of the observation, diagnosis and identification of further. The social cultural mental retardation can be considered a cochlear implant; instead of social culture or mental retardation, hyperactivity and autism and other psychiatric patients with mental retardation, should explain to parents of such diseases maybring great difficulties to the rehabilitation of patients, help parents establish objective psychological expectations.SevenPediatric or internal medicine evaluation: a general physical examination and related examinations.8. family conditions and rehabilitation conditions: received professional training or language training teacher regularly guide families can auditory language training for children at home, otherwise it should be sent to schools or institutions with rehabilitation for deaf children.Three, the preparation of auditory language rehabilitationShould the parents of deaf children and teachers, understand the patients after cochlear implantation auditory and language rehabilitation training importance, especially for the prelingually deaf children after rehabilitation training and rehabilitation should be how to prepare for the choice of location. Preoperative rehabilitation training should be aimed at different children's age and level of hearing and speech rehabilitation training features, the content should be defined and established concepts of things patients auditory understanding as the key for the postoperative rehabilitation training and commissioning on good behavior and learning experience psychological preparation.。
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Results:
The children could understand the sentences
better and recognize consonants better when they wore a HA with a CI compared to a CI alone. The improvement was greater at 10 dB S/N ratio than at 15 dB S/N ratio which revealed that when there is more noise the hearing aid benefit is more pronounced.
Why Should I Wear A Hearing Aid If I Already Use A Cochlear Implant?
Jodi Haberstock M. Sc., CCC-Audiology
Copyright, 1996 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.
The person is unable to get used to the
sound of the hearing aid or hearing aid itself.
Residual Hearing
There could be little or no hair cells
available to amplify for a hearing aid.
What About Localization?
In the same study, a pulsed noise was
presented from 5 loudspeakers separated by 30 degrees in front of the child.
Results:
The children made less localization errors
What did the Teachers have to say?
“ …was more alert and attentive in class.” “…participated better in group discussions in class because he could turn to the talker immediately.”
Examples: Phonak Super Front, Unitron US 80
Personal Opinion Continued
Programmable HAs
Have Feedback Manager. Inexpensive. Can Program to match the CI
Why Should I Wear a Hearing Aid on My Non-implanted Ear?
1. Preserve the Non-implanted Ear
2. Better Hearing in Noise 3. Localization
Preserve the Non-Implanted Ear
Examples: Oticon Sumo XP and Sumo E Phonak Novo Forte and Sono Forte
Programmable HAs
Oticon Sumo E Programmable BTE
Personal Opinion Continued
High Power Digital HAs Very Flexible Have Feedback Manager Easy to Match with CI
you can localize where that sound is coming from.
But Won’t The Two Different Types of Sounds Be Confusing?
The hearing aid is an acoustical sound and
Ching Study Continued
The speech signal was pointed at the
hearing aid side. The Children were asked to repeat both sentences and consonants presented at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) of 10 dB and 15 dB.
Cosmetic
Earmold.
Too Bulky. Can not physically wear a hearing aid.
Cost
Can not afford a heariies, etc.
What Kind of HA should I Use?
What about Interference?
None reported instances of inference or
confusion.
Wow!….Why doesn’t Everyone wear both?
Factors Influencing HA Use with Cochlear Implants
Better Hearing in Noise
Research (Ching) shows that when you can
hear with both ears you can hear better in noise.
Localization
When you receive sound form both ears
1. Duration of use Prior to Implantation
2. Residual Hearing 3. Cosmetic 4. Cost
Duration of Use prior to Implantation
Sometimes it has just been too long.
Options That I Like - Personal Opinion
Classic Analog High Power HAs
Least Expensive. Might already own them. Sometimes hard to match. No Feedback Manager.
What about Adults?
The same researchers (Ching) did the study
with adults. For the binaural test when noise and speech were presented from different speakers with 15 dB S/N ratio, the sentence scores improved from 38% (CI only) to 50% (CI + HA).
Transpositional Hearing Aids
Provides High Frequency emphasis. Has feedback manger. Adjustable.
Expensive.
No Canadian Manufacturer. Can be hard to get used to the sound.
when they wore both a HA and a CI.
What Did the Parents Have to Say ?
“He/She could recognize voices of familiar persons and family members.”
“He was able to pick up and join the conversation that was out of context.” “…was able to discriminate between different dog barks.”
Ching’s Study
A group of 7 cochlear implant children who
had not worn a HA for at least 3 years were gradually reintroduced to HA’s One month later the children were tested. The first test had speech and babble noise coming from different speakers.
The type does not matter as much as the
flexibility of the hearing aid. You will need a strong Behind-The-Ear (BTE) style. You need something that can be adjusted to help “match” the CI.
Hearing aids keep the nerve cells in the ear
stimulated. By not wearing a hearing aid the ear does not get stimulated, which may cause the ear to lose its ability to process sound.
the cochlear implant is an electrical sound. However, research (Ching) indicated that our brains are able to combine the two different types of stimulation and process it. However, you will need to do adjustments sometimes.