词汇学考试说明
词汇学期末设计
英语词汇学考查课考核方案学生的学期成绩由三部分组成：1.出勤：10%。
根据教师随堂点名情况给出成绩。
2.随堂小测验：40%。
整个学期共设置4次随堂测试，分别在重要章节（第2、3、4、5、6章等）授课结束后随堂进行。
测试以PPT的形式出现在黑板上，学生自己准备纸张答题，每次测试大约10分钟，内容为本章重点定义或理论的应用。
3.期末设计：50%。
每位学生完成一份“英语词汇教学PPT课件设计”。
根据课件完成的质量，成绩划分为50、45、40、35、30、25、20等档次。
A超过预期完成任务B完成任务C未充分完成任务英语词汇教学PPT课件设计要求一、设计内容每位学生设计一个词汇教学PPT课件，内容是一个英语词汇的教学。
具体内容包括：1.词汇的形态：拼写、音标、构词分析（词根、词缀）；2.词汇的意义：定义解释、原义、引申义；3.词汇的语法意义：词性、词形变化、句型结构；4.词汇的搭配：常见搭配、共现语境；5.词汇的联想：同义词、反义词、上下义词；6.词汇的文化意义：特殊文化渊源（典故、外来语）、文体特征、或感情色彩或语义韵、英式英语或美式英语的差异、相关习语等。
7.专四考题中的出现形式二、教学环节或结构每个词汇的教学要体现出有逻辑的顺序，例如：1.导入；2.词汇的呈现；3.词汇知识的讲解；4.词汇知识的扩展；5.词汇知识的巩固；6.词汇知识的练习；7.词汇游戏三、教学原则词汇教学要采用新颖、生动、直观、亲切的形式，遵循以下原则：1.词汇的呈现或练习要形式灵活、生动活泼。
2.词汇的使用要体现语境的重要性，语境要贴近现实生活，使学生有参与感。
3.词汇的练习要体现交际目的，使学生在真实、具体的交际情景中使用该词汇。
4.充分体现师生互动，强调学生的充分参与。
5.充分利用多媒体的直观、多样性等优势，在教学同时给学生以美的享受。
6.词汇游戏的设计要注意知识性和娱乐性的结合，使学生体验竞争与合作的乐趣。
7.要有参考文献、有标题、有问候、有结语、有制作者姓名、班级、学校等信息。
英语专业《英语词汇学》课程考试说明
英语专业《英语词汇学》课程考试说明本课程命题是以全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会制订的《英语词汇学自学考试大纲》和全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会主编的《英语词汇学》教程为依据，旨在考核应试者是否能识记有关的概念、定义、知识点，领会基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别，能运用本课程的基本理论、基本知识和方法，分析解决学习和工作中的实际问题，并能用英语正确地表述出来。
本课程试题分为较易、中等、较难、难四个等级，每份试卷中，四个等级所占比重分别为20%，30%，30%，20%。
试题包括选择题与非选择题，分别占卷面总分的30%和70%。
题型采用单项选择题、教程内容填空题、匹配题、判断填空题、术语解释题、简答题和分析题。
其中单项选择题占30%，教程内容填空题占10%，匹配题占10%、判断填空题占10%、术语解释题占10%、简答题占15%和分析题占15%。
本课程考试时间为150分钟。
题型举例如下：Time Limit: 150 min.I. Directions: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternativeanswers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put theletter in the bracket on your answer sheet. (30%)1. The characteristics of the basic word stock include _________ .A.stabilityB.productivityC.national charactersD.all the aboveII. Directions: Complete the following statements or paragraphs with properexpressions according to the course book on your answer sheet.(10%)1.The relationship between sound and meaning is ________ or conventional.III. Directions: Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B. andmark your answers on your answer sheet.(10%)A B1.extension A.deer2.narrowing B.holiday3.elevation C.villain4. degradation D.ministerIV. Directions: Study the following words and decide: (1) how words were formed (2) how words were changed in meaning . Put your answers in the bracket on your answer sheet. (10%)Example One: disobey (prefixation)Example Two: deer (narrowing)V. Directions: Define the following terms.(10%)1.word2.stemVI. Directions: Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers on your answer sheet.(12%)1. How do you distinguish English synonyms?VII. Directions: Comment on the following sentences according to the instructions in the brackets. Write your answers on your answer sheet.(18%) 1.Trees surround the water near our summer place. (Comment on the sentence using the theory of hyponymy and then improve the sentence.)。
词汇学考试大纲
英语词汇学考试大纲一、英语词汇学考试大纲：1、英语词汇概述：（8%）（1）英语词汇的谱系关系及其历史发展：英语的谱系关系；英语的三个发展阶段。
（2）英语词汇的构成：基本词汇与专用词汇；英语词汇中的本族词与外来词。
（3）英语词汇的三大特点：数量大、来源广、变化多。
2、英语构词法：（27%）（1）英语单词的结构：词根、词干、前缀、后缀；自由语素与非自由语素；构词不达意成份。
（2）构词法：词缀法、合成法、转成法、缩略法、逆成法、混成法、拟声法、元音替换法、重音变换法、短语合成法、双词合成法、专有名词转成法。
3、词的意义及其演变：（45%）（1）词的定义；词的词汇意义与语法意义；词义与概念；词的理据。
]（2）词的多义性（单义词与多义词）。
（3）词义演变的类型（辐射型；连锁型）（4）词义历史发展的倾向：词义的扩大；词义的缩小；词义的扬升；词义的贬降；词义的转移。
（5）词与词之间的语义关系：同义关系；反义关系；同形或同音异义关系；上下义关系；语义场。
（6）词义的类型：概念意义；内涵意义；风格意义；感情意义；联想意义；搭配意义；主题意义。
（7）词的比喻意义：隐喻、换喻。
4、英语习语：（15%）（1）习语的定义。
（2）英语习语的分类：从语义角度；从来源角度；从功能角度分类。
（3）习语的运用。
5、美国英语：？？？（1）美国英语形成的历史背景。
（2）美国英语的特点。
（3）美国英语与英国英语的比较。
（4）美国英语对英语发展的影响。
6、英语词典：（5%）（1）种种不同类型的英语词典。
（2）美国出版的英语词典与英国出版的英语词典的比较。
（3）英语词典的使用。
全国考试题型：题数计分时间（分钟）一、选择题： 15 30% 15二、填空题： 5 10% 5三、匹配题： 10 10% 10四、分类题： 10 10% 10五、名词解释： 5 10% 20五、简答题： 3 12% 30六、论述题： 2 18% 60合计： 50 100% 150(1)单项选择题 30分（每小题2分） 20(2)教程内容填空题 10分（每小题2分） 15(3)匹配题 10分（每小题1分） 15(4)判断填空题 10分（每小题1分） 20(5)术语解释题 10分（每小题2分） 20(6)简答题 12分（每小题4分） 30(7)分析题 18分（每小题9分） 30认知领域能力层次要求的分数比例识记（A） 20%领会（B） 30%简单应用（C） 30%综合应用（D） 20%课程中各章在试卷中的分数比例第一、二章 15%第三、四章 20%第五、六章 25%第七章 10%第八章 10%第九章 15%第十章 5%广东省考试题型：一、是非题： 10%，1分 *10题，共10分钟。
《词汇学》题型分布及分值说明
华中师范大学网络教育学院《词汇学》试卷题型及分值一、《词汇学》每套试卷的题型及分值分布如下：第一大题为下述第I题，25小题，每题一分，共25分第二大题为下述第II或第III题，共10分第三大题为下述第IV题，10小题，每题一分，共10分第四大题为下述第V题，一组10词，共10分第五大题为下述第VI题，一组，共5-14分第六大题为下述第VII或第VIII题，共10分第七大题为下述第IX题，2小题，每题3分，共6分第八大题为下述第X题，2小题，共15-24分二、每种题型的题目要求及分值分布I. Decide whether the statements are true or false and write T (true) or F (false)in the corresponding brackets. （每题一分）II. Analyze the following words and say how they are formed, and put your answers in the brackets:（每词0.5分）III. Fill in the blanks according to the coursebook and write your answers on the corresponding lines. （每空1分）IV. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. （每题1分）10V．Match the words in the left column with the words in the right column. （右栏的词每词1分）1VI. Do the following according to instructions. 1VII. Match the rhetorical devices in Column A with the idioms in Column B and put the letters in the corresponding brackets. （每题1分）VIII. Change each of the following into a word, paying attention to part of speech: （每题1分）IX. Define the following terms.（每题3分）X. Questions。
英语词汇学大纲
《教学设计》教学大纲课程名称：英语词汇学（English Lexicology）课程代码：课程类别：专业课程学时：50学时学分：考核方式：考试适用对象：英语专业一、课程简介《英语词汇学》是英语专业本科生高年级阶段开设的一门专业任选课。
作为语言学的一门独立分支的实用学科，它已成为英语研究及英语教学的重要方面。
本课程主要是培养学生学习与英语词汇相关的基础理论，帮助学生系统掌握现代英语词汇的性质、构成和变化规律等方面知识, 比较深入地了解英语词汇的现状及其历史演变过程, 并能对现代英语词汇发展所出现的现象做出分析和解释, 从而不仅提高学生对词语的理解、释义和综合运用的能力，而且提高学生英语语言运用的整体水平。
二、教学基本要求通过本课程的学习，要求学习者：1.使学生了解词的来源、词的形态、词的构成方式、词的语义特征、各种词汇之间的相互关系和变化、词的联想与搭配等内容；2.了解英语词汇的形态结构和构词法规则有助于学生扩大自己的词汇量并自觉运用词汇；3.掌握词汇的历史发展和对词汇划分的原则将会使学生更深刻地理解词的意义，使他们能够有效地组织、划分和贮存词汇；4.认识词汇的语义结构、语义类型和语义关系会使学生增强对词汇意义和用法的了解，增强准确用词的能力。
三、教学重点及难点教学重点：1. 明确词汇学常用术语的定义；2. 词汇的语义结构、语义类型和语义关系并达到准确用词等等。
四、与其它课程的关系根据课程之间的衔接关系，英语词汇学课程的相关课程为《英语语言学》、《英语词源学》、《英语语义学》、《英语句法学》等专业基础课程，同时与后续的专业学习或实践紧密联系，是专业培养计划中承前启后的主干专业课。
五、教学内容Introduction （4学时）本章主要教学内容：Brief introduction of lexicology本章教学目的及要求：U nderstanding the definition of …lexicology‟Studying the relation between lexicology and other disciplines本章教学重点及难点：The relation between lexicology and other disciplinesChapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary （4学时）本章主要教学内容：1.1 What is a word1.2 Sound and Meaning1.3 Sound and form1.4 Vocabulary1.5 Classification of words本章教学目的及要求：1. Understanding the definition of word2. Studying the relation between sound, form and meaning3. Mastering the different types of words本章教学重点及难点：1.The relation between sound, form and meaning2.Native words and borrowed wordsChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary （4学时）本章主要教学内容：2.1 The Indo-European Language Family2.2 A historical overview of the English vocabulary2.3 Growth of present-day English vocabulary2.4 Modes of Vocabulary development本章教学目的及要求：1. Understanding the historical development of English2. Studying modes of vocabulary development本章教学重点及难点：The three historical periods of EnglishChapter 3 Word Formation I （4学时）本章主要教学内容：3.1 Morphemes3.2 Allomorphs3.3 Types of morphemes3.4 Root and stem本章教学目的及要求：1. Understanding the different morphemes2. Studying the difference between root and stem本章教学重点及难点：Different types of morphemesChapter 4 Word Formation（6学时）本章主要教学内容：4.1 Affixation4.2 Compounding4.3 Conversion4.4 Blending4.5 Clipping4.6 Acronymy4.7 Back-formation4.8 Words from proper names本章教学目的及要求：1. Understanding major types of word processes2. Studying some minor processes of word formation本章教学重点及难点：The major ways of forming wordsChapter 5 Word Meaning （4学时）本章主要教学内容：5.1 The meanings of “meaning”5.2 Motivation5.3 Types of meaning本章教学目的及要求：1. Understanding the difference between reference, concept and sense.2. Studying the different types of motivation本章教学重点及难点：1. The difference between reference, concept and sense.2. The different types of motivationChapter 6 Sense Relation and Semantic Field（6学时）本章主要教学内容：6.1 Polysemy6.2 Homonymy6.3 Synonymy6.4 Antonymy6.5 Hyponymy本章教学目的及要求：1. Understanding the definitions of sense relations2. Studying the classification of sense relations3. Mastering the use of sense relations本章教学重点及难点：1. The difference between polysemy and homonymy, form and meaning2. SynonymsChapter 7 Changes in Word Meaning （4学时）本章主要教学内容：7.1 Types of Change7.2 Causes of Changes本章教学目的及要求：1. Understanding the four types of changes2. Studying causes of changes本章教学重点及难点：The four types of changesChapter 8 Meaning and Context （4学时）本章主要教学内容：8.1 Types of Context8.2 The role of Context本章教学目的及要求：1. Understanding the two types of context2. Studying the role of context本章教学重点及难点：1. Linguistic context2. The role of context to eliminate ambiguityChapter 9 English Idioms （4学时）本章主要教学内容：9.1 Characteristics of idioms9.2 Classification of idioms9.3 Use of idioms本章教学目的及要求：1. Understanding the definition and classification of idiom.2. Studying the use of idioms本章教学重点及难点：The classification of idiomChapter 10 English Dictionaries （4学时）本章主要教学内容：10.1 Types of dictionaries10.2 Use of dictionaries10.3 Three good general dictionaries本章教学目的及要求：1. Understanding the different kinds of dictionaries.2. Studying the choice of dictionaries3. Mastering the different types of words本章教学重点及难点：1. the choice and use of dictionaries综合复习（2学时）六、教材及参考书1、教材：《英语词汇学》外语教学与研究出版社1999年2、教学参考书：Bauer, L. . Introducing Linguistic Morphology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.(1988)Bloomfield, L. . Language. Beijing: FLTRP.(2002)Foster, Brian . The Changing English Language. New Y ork: Penguin Books Ltd.(1971) Ginburg, E. S. et al . A Course in Modern English Lexicology. Moscow: Higher School Publishing.(1966)。
英语学科考试说明
三、考试形式与试卷结构㈠考试形式试卷采用闭卷笔试形式，考试时间为120分钟，满分为150分。
全卷试题易、中、难的比例为8：1：1。
听力部分测试时间不超过30分钟。
㈡试卷结构试卷包括第I卷、第II卷和答题卡3个部分。
考生须将试卷所有答案填涂或写在答题卡上。
第I卷（选择题共110分）第一部分听力（共三节，满分30分）第一节听对话选图。
（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面五段对话，从题中所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选出与对话意思相符的图片。
每段对话读两遍。
第二节对话理解。
（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）听下面七段对话，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话读两遍。
听第一段对话，完成第6小题。
听第二段对话，完成第7小题。
听第三段对话，完成第8小题。
听第四段对话，完成第9小题。
听第五段对话，完成第10-11小题。
听第六段对话，完成第12-13小题。
听第七段对话，完成第14-15小题。
第三节短文理解。
（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）根据你所听到的短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。
短文读两遍。
第二部分语言知识运用（共三节，满分35分）第一节单项选择。
（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从下列各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
第二节补全对话。
（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面对话，从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话（其中有两项是多余的）。
第三节完形填空。
（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从下列各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
第三部分阅读理解（共二节，满分45分）第一节阅读理解。
（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面四篇材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
第二节阅读理解。
（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）阅读下面短文，把A-D四个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整、正确，然后完成第75小题。
词汇学题型说明-2010级
2011-2012(1)《实用英语词汇学》试题题型说明注意：另给答题纸，请在答题纸上答题。
试卷不能带走，交回监考老师，否则算考场违规处理。
考试科目：《实用英语词汇学》考试时间：12月23日考试地点：待定考试题型以及分值比例如下：一、判断15分。
以给的内容为重要参考，但需要你慢慢、细细理解，因为考试的时候是要对原题做适当变动的，究竟调整过后的句子是否还是True or题目，老师都给出了为什么是F的理由，对此要好好理解。
例如：( F ) Lexicology is a branch of literature. （应为of linguistics）二、选择题，10 分，20题。
注意理解老师给的练习，不能尽是死背。
三、词缀搭配。
（已给出词缀和词缀的意义，都是英语，请把他们匹配，要求只写字母代号进行匹配，其他答题方式不接受），15 分。
（30个, 前20个来自22-27页，后10个来自171-205页，每个0.5分。
其中的5分有难度！）请注意写好大小写，大小写错的不给分。
四、写出下列英语词汇学学术语和其他英语单词的中文意思15分，30个，前20个来自168-170页，后10个来自171-205页。
其中5分有难度！）请注意写好代号的大小写，大小写错的一律不给分。
五、名词解释。
10*1.5==15分，共10个，范围含盖全书！以老师给的内容为主。
需要一定答题时间！六、Answering问答15分。
共5个！5*3=15分。
注意看例子，需要一定答题时间！七、Writing 论述，共1题。
（结合自身的学习体验和收获写一篇作文，要求以3段进行阐述，该部分就是作文题！这个部分要求大家对整个章节的要点有所理解才可以写得比较流畅，因为没有对课本内容的大致理解就谈不上感受，更谈不上自己的看法了！该部分不要求你谈得很仔细，但要有内容，说明你确实懂得一些词汇学的内容了，能举例的更好。
）15分。
（要求左右，看看你能否把你所背诵和默写的文章句型用得上。
英语词汇学复习
英语词汇学复习的内容：一、考试题形式分为：Ⅰ.选择题(20分)：完全是考书中的理论与例子的结合,即知识点等。
1-9cahptersⅡ.填空（30分）：考定义概念。
1-10chaptersⅢ.（20分）习语英译汉：教材中汉语部分idioms: 习语的特点Ⅳ.(10分) 论述题：第三章为主Ⅴ. 树形图（依据上下义关系作图）(20分)：第二、六章二、教材内容简介三、复习内容Introduction 部分Lexicology 这门课算哪一种学科的分支: Lexicology is a branch of linguistics. Lexicology和那些重要的学科建立了联系: 1)Morphology 2) Semantics 3) Stylistics 4) Etymology 5) Lexicography研究lexicology 的两大方法:1) Diachronic approach : 历时语言学2) Synchronic approach : 共时语言学e.g. wife 纵观历时语言学的方法论，woman 词义的变化算是词义变化的哪一种模式？Woman 的词义的变化是Narrowing or specialization第一章词的概述；1.识记：词的定义2.声音与意义3.声音与拼写4.词汇5.词汇的分类What is word ?词具有哪些特点？词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。
1) A word is a minimal free form of a language;2) A sound unity or a given sound ;3) a unit of meaning;4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.以上词的四个特点也就是词的名词解释词的分类（classification of a word）词根据发音可以分为哪两种词？或者说词根据拼写可以分为哪两类词？1) simple words 2) complex words单音节词例子：e.g. Man and fine are simple多音节词例子：e.g. Management, misfortune, blackmailmanagement 可以次划分为manage 和-mentmisfortune 可以次划分为mis- 和fortuneblackmail 次划分为black 和mailWhat is the relationship between sound and meaning?1)There is …no logical relationship between the sound and actual thing.e.g. dog. cat2)The relationship between them is conventional.3) In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds. What is relationship between sound and form?1)The written form of a natural language is the written record of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree with the oral form, such as English language.2)This is fairly true of English in its earliest stage i.e. Old English3)With the development of the language, more and more differences occur between the two.What are the great changes that causes illogical relationship or irregularity between sound and form?1) The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination.2) Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart.3) A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes.4) Finally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary.要记住以上四句话中的关键词：1) influenced by Romans2) Pronunciation changed3) early scribes4) borrowing你能不能举出外来语对英语发音,拼写造成不一致的例子有哪些？e.g. stimulus (L) ,fiesta (Sp) ,eureka (Gr), kimono (Jap)外来语对英语造成的最大的影响就是‘sound and form ’不一致。
英语词汇学怎么考 英语词汇学必背知识点
英语词汇学怎么考英语词汇学必背知识点英语词汇学怎么考英语词汇学是一门理论知识课，每个知识点应该说都重要，所以重点和一般本来就难以界定。
从掌握知识来说，不要去分重点和一般，对每章每节都要以搞懂弄通为原则。
1、考前重点词汇复习方法要知道语法填空重点考查的词：动词、形容词、副词和派生词。
其中重点是动词，要把考点的设置与拼写的可能形式结合起来(如从谓语动词的角度来看，就要考虑动词的时态、语态和主谓一致所带来的动词变化。
其中过去式是考查重点，所以对动词的过去式，尤其是不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的拼写，自然就成为后期复习的重点。
至于另外三大词类也完全可以如此类推。
2、词汇积累学习加强短文背诵，增强“词不离句”意识。
背诵是非常原始的英语学习方法，但也是非常积极、有效的学习方法。
优选一些名家名篇，做为背诵的素材;或从课文中精选一些精悍之作，作为研习的精典，不但能够迅速提高语感，而且容易激发兴趣，形成活生生的词库，为单词的准确使用打下良好的基础。
3、英语自考主观题拿分技巧首先是单词拼写，这是所有题目中考生得分最低的一个部分，通常平均分不超过3分，所以大家不要太在意，20个单词，对4个，能有2分就很不错了，如果想要提高这部分，大家还要有准备的背单词，因为这里面的单词，并不全是课本课后单词表的单词，其中很多都是以前在中学学过的，所以要准备这一部分，需要的是买一本自考英语的词汇大纲，按里面的词汇背记才有意义。
如果大家对英语词汇学课程学习有难度，那么可以通过在线视频学习的，以上三点就是希赛小编对英语词汇学必背知识点学习方法，希望大家能更好的学习。
点击进入>>>英语词汇学（00832）精讲班视频教程。
词汇学考试整理
词汇学考试整理TYYGROUP system office room 【TYYUA16H-TYY-TYYYUA8Q8-词汇学整理一、选择题25 题 25分1.从规约走向描述的里程碑词典是：OED2.同义词的特征（）Synonymous word group a common denotative component brings the words together.3.习语的特征？Idioms are usually semantically opaque and are characterized by structural invariability.4.古代英语Archaic words are words no longer in common use, however they are retained for special purpose, they are sometimes employed in poetry, business letters, legal documents, religious speeches, and prose, (marked arch. Or aic. ) whereas obsolete words just refer to the words completely out of current use . marked obs. (olete.) or dated in a dictionary.5.语境的分类Linguistic (or verbal )contexts or extra-linguistic （or nonverbal）can determine the meanings of words, esp. those of polysemous words. (or verbal )contexts:Lexical context,Lexical context refers to the lexical items combined with a given polysemous word.(see the examples of "make " on )Grammatical context,In grammatical context, the syntactic structure of the context determines various individual meanings of a polysemous word.(see the examples of "take " in various settings on )However, it is not sufficient to indicate all the individual meanings of a given word.(see the examples concerning the different meanings of the same pattern "get+n." on )Verbal contextThe verbal context, in its broadest sense, may cover an entire passag , or even an entire book, and in some cases even the entire social or cultural setting, as stated at the beginning of the chapter.context of situation:1)The actual speech situation in which a word (or an utterance, or a speech event) occurs.(see the example of "operation" on2) The entire cultural background against which a word, or an utterance or a speech event has to be set (see the example of "peasant" and "farmer" on6.两个单词有相同的部分，根据什么来猜意义7.Componential analysis and semantic features8.理据？Motivation can be classified into three types:1) Phonetic motivation;Words motivated phonetically are called echoic words or onomatopoeic words, whose pronunciation suggests the meaning.2) Morphological motivation;We say that the word is morphologically motivated, for a direct connection can be observed between the morphemic structure of the word and its meaning.If we know the meaning of the affix and the base, then we can immediately the meaning of this word.3) Semantic motivation.Semantic motivation refers to motivation based on semantic factors The figurative usage can provide semantic motivation; the figurative meaning can be readily understood by those who know the literal meaning.9.研究多义的两个方法They are : 1) diachronic ; 历时角度2) synchronic.共时角度1) diachronicThe study of the growth or change in the semantic structure of a word, or the study of how the semantic structure of a word has developed from a primary meaning to the present polysemic state, . with derived meaning springing from the original meaning. This way of study is called diachronic approaches.(primary meaning and the present polysemic meaning )Synchronically, we are interested in the comparative value of individual meanings and the interrelation between the central meaning and secondary meaning.10.习语的文体特征？Stylistic featureMost idioms are stylistically neutral, but quite a number of them belong to informal spoken English.A few idioms suggest a dignified and elevated tone, and are used on formal occasions, .Some idioms phrases are slangy.Stylistic feature of idioms, however, are constantly shifting, and what is slang today may informal tomorrow.11.词义变化的内部要素（原因）Linguistic cause: (P172-175)Change of meaning is frequently brought about by two tendencies in a linguistic system; towards ellipsis and toward analogy.Ellipsis as a cause of semantic change often occurs in habitual collection, such as adjective +noun, or attributive noun + noun, in which the noun is deleted and only the first element (the attributive) is left, but retaining the sense of the whole phrase.The analogical tendency is also constantly at work. New meaningsdeveloped in one part of speech are passed on to other parts ofspeech from the same lexical base.12. 词素的分类？13. 修辞?明喻 Simile ： It is a figure of speech which makes a comparisonbetween two unlike elements having at least one quality orcharacteristic (特 性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality weassociate with one to the other 明喻（simile ）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体(tenor)和喻体(vehicle)之间的相似关系， 两者都在对比中出现。
词汇学考试模板(for13级)
卷号：A 二O 一一 —二O 一二学年第二学期期末考试英语词汇学 试题（10英语专业用） （闭卷）Part I (2’*15=30’) (25 minutes) Directions: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. 1. The plural morpheme “-s ” is realized by/Iz/ after the following sounds EXCEPT____. A. /s/ B. /g/ C. /z/ D. /t/ 2. The word “internationalization” comprises ____morphemes. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 3.“TV” is a(n) ____. A. initialism B. acronym C. derivative D. compound 4. The prefix “mis -” in the word “mistrust ” is a ____prefix. A. negative B. reversative C. pejorative D. locative 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning” ? A. Reference. B. Concept. C. Sense. D. Pronunciation. 6. In the sentence “ Tom is sitting on the chair ”, there are_______ content words.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 47. The word “Typewrite” is formed through_______A. BlendingB. CompoundingC. Back-formationD. Clipping8. The Chinese expression “半死不活” means a person is still_____.A. deadB. half dead, half aliveC. aliveD. half alive一、密封线内不准答题。
自考2英语词汇学考试重点精华整理
自考2英语词汇学考试重点精华整理一、词汇学概述1、语言与词汇的关系：语言是词汇和语法规则的总和，而词汇则是语言中最基本的元素。
2、词汇学的定义：词汇学是研究语言的词汇以及词汇的起源、演变、语义和语用等方面的学科。
3、词汇学的研究对象：主要包括词汇的起源、演变过程、语义变化、文化背景等。
二、英语词汇的历史演变1、英语的起源：英语起源于古代日耳曼语，经过长时间的演变和发展，形成了今天的英语。
2、英语词汇的演变：英语词汇经历了许多变化，包括词义的变化、词形的变化、外来词的引入等。
3、英语词汇的分类：英语词汇可以根据其来源、语义、语法等方面进行分类。
三、英语词汇的语义关系1、同义词与反义词：同义词是指具有相同或相似意义的词汇，而反义词则是指具有相反意义的词汇。
2、上下义词与下义词：上下义词是指在一个词汇的语义场中，一个词可以表示另一个词的上层概念或下层概念。
3、词汇的文化意义：词汇的文化意义是指词汇在特定文化背景中所具有的意义。
四、英语词汇的记忆与运用1、记忆策略：记忆策略是指通过一定的方法来提高记忆效率，包括联想记忆、语境记忆等。
2、运用技巧：运用技巧是指在使用词汇时需要注意的事项，包括语用、语法等方面。
3、常见错误分析：常见错误分析是指对学生在使用词汇时容易犯的错误进行分析和纠正。
五、英语词汇的学习方法与技巧1、学习策略：学习策略是指通过一定的方法来提高学习效率，包括制定学习计划、使用学习工具等。
2、学习技巧：学习技巧是指在学习过程中需要注意的事项，包括如何集中注意力、如何提高学习效率等。
3、学习资源：学习资源是指在学习过程中可以使用的各种资源，包括书籍、网站、课程等。
词汇学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究词汇的起源、发展、变化和用法。
它涉及对单词的音、形、义、语法特征和语用意义等方面的研究。
词汇学有一些基本概念，包括词、词汇、词素、词义、语境等。
词是语言中最小的、可以独立使用的意义单位，词汇是语言中所有词的总和，词素是构成词的要素，词义是词的含义，语境是指词所处的语言环境。
大学英语专业词汇学考纲
Chapter11. A Definition of Languagelanguage is a structural system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication ina society. It is a specific social action and a carrier of information. It is also a physiological andpsychological phenomenon.nguage, Society & Thought1)Language reflects the culture of a society.2)Language changes with the development of a society.3)Language is used to express man’s thought. Without thinking there would be no humanlanguage.3. A Definition of Linguistics1)linguistics is the scientific study of language.2)phonetics, grammar and lexicology4. A Definition of Lexicologya branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language,dealing with words, their origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. 5.synchronic approach VS. diachronic approachchapter21.What is etymology?Etymology is a branch of linguistics; the study of the origin, history and development of words and their meanings.nguage families and the English language (Indo-European family, West Germanic branch)3.The Development of the English Language- Old English (450-1150)- Middle English (1150-1500)- Modern English (1500-)4.Native Words & Borrowed Words1)native words: polysemic character, collocability, word-forming ability2)borrowed words: 4 groups of loan words (aliens, denizens, translation-loans, semanticborrowings)5.The Foreign Elements in the English VocabularyMajor borrowing from French, Latin, Greek;Other borrowing: Scandinavian languages, Spanish, Italian, American Indian language, Chinese, Arab, Indian English, African language, Japanese, etc.Chapter31.. Features & Classifications of Words“A word is a minimum free form.”2.Word1) a fixed sound form (external aspect)2) a certain meaning (internal aspect)Classifications of words: morphology (simple, compound, complex); lexical meaning & grammatical (functional VS. notional); usage (popular VS. learned); character of words (abstract VS. concrete); motivation (motivated VS. non-motivated); polysemic VS. monosemic; origin (native VS. borrowed)3.Meaning & Semantics1)Meaning: not stable, depending on context, speakers and hearers; meaning of differentword forms may be related to each others.2)Semantics is a major branch of linguistics devoted to the study of meaning.4.The Relation between Meaning & the ObjectIn most cases, the relation between a symbol and the referent is conventional and arbitrary.5.Meaning & MotivationMotivation: the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.1)Phonetic motivation2)Grammatical motivation (morphological)3)Motivation by meaning (semantic)6.Main Types of Word Meaninggrammatical meaning (语法意义)lexical meaning: contextual meaning (语境意义) denotative meaning (概念意义) connotative meaning (内涵意义) stylistic meaning (文体意义)7.Sense Relation between Words1)Synonymy (classification: absolute VS. relative synonyms)2)Antonymy (morphological classification: root VS. derivational)(semantic classification: contraries, complementaries, conversives)3)Polysemy (two processes: radiation VS. concatenation)4)Homonymy (classification: perfect VS. partial)(partial homonyms: homograph, homophone, homoform)5)Hyponymy (upper term & lower term)Chapter41. Archaisms & NeologismsArchaisms: obsolete words; neologisms: new words & existing words with new meanings 2. The Sources of Neologisms: modern science and technology; political, economic and social changes3. The Formation of Neologisms: by word-formation; by adding new meanings; by borrowing; by analogy; by creating new coinages4. Changes in Meaning- Causes of Meaning Change- Four Tendencies in Semantic Changes1) extension (generalization): process? example?2) narrowing (specialization): process? example?3) elevation (amelioration): process? example?4) degradation (deterioration): process? example?5. Semantic Changes from Literal Use of Words to Their Figurative Use1) Metaphor (anthropomorphic, animal, synaesthetic metaphors)2) Metonymy (classifications)3) Synecdoche (part for the whole/whole for the part)4) Euphemism (different types of euphemisms)Chapter51.What is a morpheme?the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.2.Classification of Morphemes (free VS. bound morphemes; lexical VS. grammaticalmorphemes)3.Classification of Words in Morphology- Simple Words- Compound Words- Complex Words4. Basic Concepts in Word-formation: Root, Base & Stem5. Main Processes of English Word-formation: Affixation (Derivation); Compounding; Conversion affixation: prefixation VS. suffixationCompoundingconversion: to n. / v. / adj. / others6.Minor Processes of English Word-formationClipping; Acronyms; Blending; Back-formation; Analogy; OnomatopoeiaChpter61.The Definition of IdiomsAn idiom is a fixed group of words or a single word, or even a sentence, with a special meaning that cannot be guessed from its structure.2.The Features of English Idioms (9 features)a)English idioms can be very short or rather long.b)English idioms take different structures.c)The idioms which cannot be changed at all are fixed idioms.d)An idiom has a special meaning.e)English idioms can be used not only as colloquial expressions but also in formalsituations. (6.1.4)f)Some idioms consist of obsolete words.g)English idioms represent a complete semantic unit.h)English idioms are usually made of common words, brief in structure and profound inmeaning.i)English idioms are often created on the basis of alliteration, rhyme, euphony andrepetition.3.Different Styles of English Idioms (colloquial; in any situation; formal; slangs)4.Idiomatic Phrases VS. Free Phrases(whether can be guessed)5.Classifications of English Idioms (specific grammatical structures; idiomatic phrases withfamiliar parts of speech; idioms with fixed structures; expressing greetings, surprise, etc.;proverbs)ages of English idioms (examples of different aspects)Chapter71.Definition of a CollocationA collocation is a natural combination of two or more than two words that are closely joinedtogether to express a particular meaning in speech and writing.2.The Importance of Learning English Collocationa)With collocations, we can say or write something in the most natural way.b)Collocation can be an alternative way of saying something, which may be moreexpressive or precise.c)Using collocation can improve our style in writing.d)Learning collocations in groups can help us fix them in our memory.3. The Classification of English Collocations1. according to word meaning and uses (14 or 4 types)2. according to word classes (6 types)3. According to areas of collocations in English (2 areas)4. Register Used in English Collocationsinformal; formal; business; newspaper stylechapter81. English as a Language of Worldwide Use2. The Historical Background of American English (3 periods)a)first period: 1607 ~ 1776 (before independence)b)second period: until the Civil War (about 1860)c)third period: since the Civil War3. Characteristics of American English (conservativeness; creativeness; borrowing)4. Differences between BrE and AmE (pronunciation; spelling; vocabulary; grammar)Chapter91.Characteristics of Dictionaries (4 characteristics)a)Dictionaries are reference books, to be exact, the reference source in print or electronicform.b)Dictionaries are compiled according to the nature of the vocabulary (meanings, how touse words and phrases correctly);c)The chief units of compiling dictionaries are entries, that is, words, includingmorphemes, and combining forms;d)Word-entries are arranged in alphabetical order.2.Types of Dictionaries (6 categories)a)monolingual, bilingual & multilingual dictionariesb)general & special dictionariesc)pocket, medium-sized & unabridged dictionariesd)synchronic & diachronic dictionariese)encyclopaedias & encyclopaedic dictionariesf)printed & electronic dictionaries3.History of English Dictionaries (5 periods)a)The first period: (Middle Age ~ late 16th century)b)The second period: (the beginning of 17th century)c)The third period: (middle ~ end of the 17th century)d)The fourth period: (18th century)e)The fifth period: (19th ~ 20th century)4. How to Use English Dictionaries。
英语词汇考试大纲
英语词汇考试大纲词汇学考试大纲一、判断（10）二、选择（20）三、搭配（10）/doc/7b3073268.html,pound 复合构词法sit-in 代理，参加dropout 退学学生phone-in 听众热线电话直播节目breakdown 失败walk-on 跑龙套员walkout 徒步旅行take-off 起飞astray 烟灰缸a tray for ash moonwalk a walk on the moonB.Deriverd word 派生法be（= off,from）adj. belittle 贬低de (=to remove) n. debug 除错brotherhood 兄弟情义friendship 友谊happilyC.Converted word 词类转化法He interned in the Capital Hospital.He served as an intern in the Capital Hospital.实习生D.Initialisms 首字母连写法VIP = for a very important personE.Acronyms 首字母拼音法TEFLRadar radio detecting and rangingF.Clipped word 略写ad. (=advertisement)amp(=ampere)plane(=airplane)G.Blend 拼缀词talk + marathon = talkathon 冗长的演说medical+care=medicare 医疗保险H.Back-formationhouse-sit = house sitter 看管房屋的人housekeep 自立门户，主持家务I.Words from proper nameschina 瓷器japan 漆器champagne 香槟J.Onomatopoeic word 拟声词K.Reduplication 重叠词go-go 戈戈舞的ping-pong四、名词解释（4，20分）1、context in its narrowest senseContext in its narrow sense consists of the lexical items that come immediately before and after any word in an act of communication.For instance,the verb make is often used in the sense of constructing something by putting materials together,as in,She made coffee for all of us.I got a letter today.2、homophones/homographsWords identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called homophones.pair,pear son,sunWord identical in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called homographslead v.n. tear n.v.3、semantic field （P143）Semantic field theory is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as a system of interrelated lexical networks.The words of a semantic field are joined together by a common concept,and they are likely to have a number of collocation in common.Hence we can see that meaning resides not only in a word itself,but spreads over neighbouring word as well.Only the neighbouring words can identify the semantic field,in which we have related words which enable us to determine the meaning of the word used.One can hardly tell the meaning of I like lemon until he knows the semantic field in which lemon operates.4、allomorphs/morpheme (P21)A morpheme may take various shapes or forms.For example,the inflectional morpheme-(e)s of books,pigs,horses has the same meaning …more than one?,yet it has three different phonological forms: /-s,-z,-iz/.The three forms are variants of the same morpheme-s .They are called allomorphs.The morpheme is the smallest meaningful lingusitic unit of language,not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.One morpheme nationTwo morphemes nation+alThree morpheme nation+al+ize5、connotative meaning (P98)Connotative meaning refers to the emotional association which a word or a phrase suggests in one?s mind.For instance,the denotative meaning of the word mother is female parent ,but it generally connotes love,care,and tenderness.6.verbal context in its broad sense (P154)In additon to lexical,and grammatical context ,the verbal context,in its broadest sense,may cover an entire passage,or even an entire book,and in some cases even the entire social or culturesetting ,as stated at the beginning of the chapter.7、semantic motivationSemantic motivation refers to motivation based on semantic factor.It is a kind of mental association.When we speak of a stony heart we are comparing the heart with a stone五、简答题（2，20分）1、What is motivation?How are English words motivated?Motivation refers to the connection between word-symbol and its sense.Motivation can arise in three major ways:①.phonetic motivation,like miaow of the cat,the baa-baa ofa sheep.②.Morphological motivation,like good-looking,headache,daydream.③.sematic motivation ,When we speak of a stony heart we are comparing the heart with a stone.2、There are several main types of word meaning list and explain. (P95)A.Grammatical meaningGrammatical meaning consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.①.word classMorden will be marked as an adjective,mordernize as a verb and mordernization as a noun.②.inflectional paradigmto walk,walks walked,to write,writes,wrote,writtenB.Lexical meaning①denotative meaningThe denotative meaning of a word is its definitin given in a dictionary.It is that aspect of lexical meaning which makes communication possible.②connotative meaningThe denotative meaning of the word mother is female parent but it generally connoteslove,care,and tenderness.③social or stylistic meaningFormal,informal,neural④affective meaningAffective meaning is concerned with the expression of feeling and attitudes of the speaker or writer.3、How do we classify words by level of usage?(p11)①.common wordsCommon words are words connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to everyday life.For example,the repeated telephone calls only annoyed me but made my sister angry.All the words in the sentences are common words,and so this sentence could be used in both speech and writing,and on formal or informal occasions.②literary wordsLiterary words are chiefly used in writing,especially in books written in a more elevated style,in official documents,or in formal speeches.③colloquial wordsIn contrast with literary words,colloquial words or expressions are used mainly in spoken English,as in conversation among friends and colleagues.Tom felt so dog-tired he hit the sack early.(colloquial)④slang wordsA slang usage is not generally used in informal conversation.⑤technical wordsTechnical words refers to those words used in various specailfields.4、Make a tree diagram to arrage the following words in order of hyponymy.Foodmeat vegetable fruitbeef pork mutton cabbage（卷心菜）spinach（菠菜）celery(芹菜) apple orange peach5、Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is .①.word-class②.inflectional para digm六、问答题(20分)1.The word “accident” once meant “an occurrence, an event”but it now means “an unplanned or chance event with unfortuante consequences”Analyze which type of change in meaning this belong to,why?Then list and explain the types of word-meaning changes.1.判断类型2.neutral word …been degarded into …3.four types 先罗列类型，然后分别解释并举例（每一种形式举一个词即可）举例形式参考The word “accident” once meant “an occurrence, an event”but it now means “an unplanned or chance event with unfortuante consequences”A.restriction of meaning (specialization)Restrition of meaning means that a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower,specialized sense which is applicable to only one of the objects it had previously denoted.The word “wife” once meant “woman”but it now means “married woman,in relation to her husband”B.extension of meaning(generalization)Extension of meaning,the opposite of restriction,means the widening of a word?s sense until it covers much more than what it originally conveyed.The word “picture” once meant “a paining” b ut it nows means “painting,drawing ,sketch of sth.esp.as a work of art;photographs and movies are also included”C.degeneration 衰退of meaning(pejoration 贬低)The two main forms of degenration are:1.The falling of word meaning into disrepute名誉坏，for one reason or another.Words oncerespectable or neutral [?nju:tr?l] may shift to a less respectable ,or even derogatory [di?r?g?t?ri]meaning.The word “silly” once meant “blessed and happy”now means “foolish”2.The second form of degeneration “may take the form of the gradual逐渐的extension to so many senses that any particular meaning which a word may have had is completely lost”.Lovely attractively or admirable beautiful now means it is used in collocation with almost any object ,such as a lovely girl/day/weather/dinner/car or chair.D.elevation高度of meaning (amelioration改善)Fond foolish now means tender and affectionate。
词汇学复习资料 大纲 英语专业必考
Chapter11.word:A word is the smallest unit of spoken written language which has meanings and can stand alone. A word is a minimal free form that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function2. A word is(1)A minimal free form of a language;(2)a sound unity;(3)a unity of meaning;(4)a form that can function alone in a sentence.3.1 the physical structure of the word(1)Phonetics is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for the description, classification and transcription.(2)Morphology is the branch of linguistics, which studies the internal structure of words and rules by which words are formed. In other words, it identifies the smallest meaningful units in a language which are called morphemes and look into the ways the morphemes are arranged to form words.2.2 the semantic structure of the word（1）the word is a unit of speech or writng, which serves the purposeful human communication.（2）the word can be perceived as the total of the sounds that comprise it（3）the word , in writing, is seen as a sequence of letters bounded on either side by a blank space.（4）the word, viewed linguistically, possesses its physical structure (form) and semantic structure (meaning).4.V ocabulary:V ocabulary refers to all the words used in a particular kind of work, business or known to a particular person.5.V ocabulary and Lexis :Lexi, a mass noun, is defined as the total stick of words in a language.6.Lexicology: the study of meaning and uses of words论述对词汇学的理解包括内容：Lexicology is the part of linguistics which studies words. This may include their nature and function as symbols, their meaning, the relationship of their meaning, and the rules of their composition from smaller elements. Lexicology also involves relations between words, which may involve semantics, derivation, usage and sociolinguistic distinctions. Any other issues involved in analyzing the whole lexicon of a languages.Chapter21.The development of English vocabulary. The history of English language can be divided into 3 periods:a/ Old English period (449—1100)the former inhabitants, the Celtic, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes Anglo-Saxon as Old English, Old English contains 50-60 thousand words, which consists of the basic word stock.*3个重大事件：(1)Teutonic Conquest 乔顿征服(2)Christianity(Latin word)(3)Scandinavian invasionb/ Middle English period (1100-1500)characterized by the strong influence of French following the Norman Conquest in 1066.The French loan words were found in law and governmental administration (judge, justice）1150-1204:French occupied the dnoinant position1204-1500:English gradually come back to a positionc/ Modern English period (1500--)the early stage of this period ( including the years between 1500-1700), the Renaissance brought great changes to the vocabulary. borrowing from Latin, Latin were now mostly connected with science and abstract ideas. Greek borrowings were mostly literary, technical and scientific words2.The origins of English words2.1 the native words: Anglo-Saxon elements2.2 the loan words: French, Latin, Greek, Scandinavian, other European elements, ChineseChapter31. American English: is the form of English used in the United States. It includes all English dialects used within the United States.2. British English: is the form of English used in the United Kingdom. It includes all English dialects used within the United Kingdom.3. The history:(1)17th century: The English language was first introduced to the American by British colonization, beginning in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia.Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American history.The language taken there was Elizabethan English(2)The War of Independence : It marks the end of the colonial period.The political independence brings the tendency to develop an American brand of English.4.Americanism: A word, phrase or idiom characteristic of English as it is spoken in the US.5.Difference: pronunciation / spelling/ vocabulary / habitual expression/ grammarChapter41.Neologism(新词): a neologism is a recently coined word, phrase or usage. It can also be an existing word or phrase which has been assigned a new meaning.Chapter51.morpheme:A morpheme is the minimal meaningful units of which the language is composed. Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.2.分类：(1)free morphemes (自由词素)(2)bound morphemes (黏着词素): bound root +affixA. Inflectional affixes (-s ,-es ,ing,-er ,or -(e)d,est)B. Derivational affixes(3)content and function morpheme(4)derivational and Inflectional morpheme3.Root, stem, base词根、词干、词基A root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. (词根是所有屈折词缀和派生词缀被去掉后所剩余的那部分)A stem is that part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.(词干是所有屈折词缀被去掉后所剩余的那部分)A base refers to a form to which affixes of any kind (both derivational and inflectional) can be added. It can be a root or a stem. (词基是任何一种词缀都可加在上面的形式)词根是所有屈折词缀和派生词缀被去掉后所剩余的那部分。
词汇学期末考试要求与题型
12)13)20XX年12月英语词汇学期末考试题型与要求I. Multi pie Choice (15*2=30).( )1. ___________________ refers to a general grammatical process which combines words and affixes to p roduce alter native grammatical forms of words.A. I nflectio nB. DerivationC. P refix ingD. Suffix ing(句段尽量取自教科书)1)2)3)4)5)6)7)8)9)10)11) Lexicology is the study of the vocabulary or lexic on of a give n Ian guage. It deals not only with simple words, but also with complex and compound words.Morp hology is the study of the forms of words and their componen ts. The major purp ose of morp hological study is to look at morp hemes and their arran geme nts in word formati on.Semantics is the study of meaning. It tries to explain and describe meaning in natural Ian guage. Etymology is the study of the whole history of words.Lexicography involves the writing and compilation of dictionaries, especially dealing with the principles that un derlie the p rocess of comp il ing and edit ing dict ion aries.The word is an unin terr up tible meanin gful un it of lin guistic structure con sisti ng of one or more morp hemes. The main features of words are: 1) a word is a sound or comb in ati on of sounds which we make volun tarily with our vocal equipment; 2) a word is symbolic and used to sta nd for someth ing else; 3) the word is an uninterrup tible un it; 4) a word has to do with its social function; 5) a word may consist of one or more morp hemes; 6) words are part of the large com muni catio n system we call la nguage;7) a word occurs typ ically in the structure of p hrases.En glish words can classified into lexical words and grammatical words. Gen erally sp eak ing, lexical words are nouns, verbs, adjectives, and verbs. Grammatical words are words like pronouns, prepo siti ons, dem on stratives (指示词)，determ iners (限定词)，conjun cti ons, auxiliary verbs, and so on.The semantic field theory takes the view that the vocabulary of a Ianguage is not simply a list ing of independent items, but is orga ni zed into areas or fields, the members of which are joined together by some com mon sema ntic component, such as the concept of color or ki nshi p.Morp heme is the smallest meanin gful unit which may con stitute words or parts of words, an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning and a lin guistic un it that cannot be further an alyzed. Lexeme is an abstract li nguistic un it with differe nt varia nts, a unit of lexical meaning, and it takes no account of the inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain.Morph refers to any con crete realizati on of a morp heme in a give n uttera nee.Allomorphs refer to morphs which are differe nt rep rese ntati ons of the same morpheme, the alternate phon etic an d/or sp elli ng forms of the same morp heme.Bound morp hemes are those that must be joined to other morp hemes. Free morp hemes are those that need not be attached to other morphemes and can occur by themselves as in dividual words.14) Deno tati on is defi ned as the relati onship that holds betwee n the lexeme and a whole class of15)17)18)19)20)21)22)23)24)25)26)27)28)29)30)31)32)33)34)35)36) extra-l in guistic objects, in clud ing persons, thin gs, p laces, prop erties, pro cesses and activities. The relati onship of reference holds betwee n an exp ressi on and what that exp ressi on sta nds for on p articular occasi ons of its uttera nee.Sense is defined as a relationship between the words or expressions of a single Ianguage, independen tly of the relati onship which holds betwee n those words or exp ressi ons and their refere nts.Leech distinguishes seven types of meaning in Ianguage: conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, collocative meaning, and thematic meaning.Stem refers to the word to which in flect ional affixes are added and which carries the basic meaning of the result ing complex word.A stem con sisti ng of a sin gle morp heme is labeled as root. A root can be bound or free. The bound roots are gen erally derived from the Greek and the Lat in Ian guage.A base is a lexical item to which affixes of any kind can be added. It is a morpheme that gives a word its meaning.Po lysemy refers to the situati on in which a word has two or more differe nt meanin gs. It is an in valuable factor of economy and flexibility in Ian guage.Homonymy refers to a situati on in which there are two or more words with the same sha pe. Homographrefers to a word which is spelt the same as another word but has a different meaning and sometimes a differe nt pronun ciati on.When two words have the same sp ell ing and pronun ciati on, they are called full homony ms. Homophone refers to a word that sounds the same as ano ther word but has its own sp elli ng, meaning and origi n. The history of En glish has bee n divided into four p eriods: the Ian guage from 450 to 1066 is known as Old En glish; that from 1066 to 1500 Middle En glish; that from 1500 to 1800 Early Modern En glish; thatsi nee 1800 Modern En glish.The most striking differenee between American English and British English lies in vocabulary.Native En glish vocabulary is made up of An glo-Sax on words.Root creati on refers to the pro cess of buildi ng a word that has no relati onship whatsoever with any p reviously exist ing word.Ono mat op oeic words are orig in ated from the sp ecific sounds occurri ng in the real world. Ejaculati ons are words that atte mpt to imitate in st in ctive vocal respon ses to emoti onal situati ons.In fleet ion refers to a gen eral grammatical pro cess which comb ines words and affixes to p roduce alter native grammatical forms of words.Affixati on (derivati on) is the p rocess whereby an affix is attached to a base (root or stem). Compounding refers to the method and device of Ian guage to form new words by combi ning or pu tt ing together old words.A change in word class without the addition of an affix is known as conversion. It is also called zero-derivati on.Ble ndi ng refers to the p rocess of combi ning p arts of two words to form a third word which contains some of the meaning of each p art.Cli pping is the pro cess by which a word of usually three or more syllables is shorte ned37)57)without a cha nge in meaning or fun cti on.In itialisms are the results of pu tt ing together the in itial letters, or occasi on ally the first twoletters, of the orthogra phic words in a p hrase and using them as words.When initialisms are pronounced with the names of the letters in them, they are called alp habetisms. When theyare pronounced like in dividual words, they are acrony ms.Backformation is the making of a new word from an older word which is mistakeniy assumed to be its derivative. Synonymy refers to the relati on shi p of same ness of mea ning that may hold betwee n words.The two types of synonymy are strict synonymy and loose synonymy.En glish synonym p airs may differ in differe nt geogra phical varieties of En glish, in the style or formalityof the con text in which a word may be used, in conno tati ons, in the use of registers, in etymology, in collocati on, etc.Antonymy is the sema ntic relatio n that holds betwee n two words that can (in a give n con text) exp ress opposite meanin gs.The three types of antonyms are gradable (contrary) antonyms (相对或两极反义词) ，con tradictory or compi eme ntary antonyms (绝对或互补反义词)，and con verses (co nversives)(逆反、换位、关系反义词 ).Hyponymy refers to the notion of inclusion whereby we can say that “ an X is a kind of Y ”. A hyponym includes the meaning of a more gen eral word and serves as sp ecific exa mp les of a gen eral concept. The more gen eral term is called the sup erord in ate term.Meronymy is the p art-whole relati on in any p air of items.Collocati on is the meaning relati ons that a word con trasts with other words occurri ng in the same sentenceor text.Idioms are conven tio nalized multiword exp ressi ons.In English, multiword verbs are units in which the main verb occurs with one or two p articles.For each lexical item, an entry usually contains four main types of information: (1) its sta ndard phonological rep rese ntati on; (2) the p ossible seque nces of morp hemes into with it en ters; (3) its syn tactic prop erties and (4) its sema ntic rep rese ntati on.The headword is the base form from which the word is en tered and assig ned its p lace.A thesaurus categorizes words only accord ing to their sema ntic similarities, without regard to shared form oran cestry.A dialect is a variety of Ianguage that is characteristic of a particular group of the Ianguage ' s sp eakers. Social dialects or sociolects are varieties of Ianguage used by groups defined according to class, educati on,age, sex and a nu mber of other social p arameters.Register is a form of Ianguage appropriate to a specific situation. Halliday defines it as a variety of Ianguage disti nguished accord ing to con text, which con sists of the field of discourse(语场),the relations between participants or tenor (语旨)，and the mode of discourse (语式).Register is a variety of use, in the sense that each speaker has a range of varieties and chooses betwee n them at differe nt times.Eup hemism is the p ractice of referri ng to someth ing offen sive or in delicate in terms that make it soundmore pl easa nt or beco min g(a pprop riate) tha n it really is.Slang is the use of in formal words and exp ressi ons that are not con sidered sta ndard in the38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43) 44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50) 51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56)sp eaker'dialect or Ian guage.58)Jargon is often defined as the Ianguage peculiar to a trade, profession, or other group.59)Amelioration(elevation) refer to the development of more favorable meaning for words while p ejoration( degradati on) in volves the deve lopment of a less favorable meaning for a p articular word.n . CompIete each of the following blanks according to the requirement in the bracket that follows it(2*15=30).1. There were ducks(an ono mat opo eic verb) on the law n.Key: quack ingIII. Analyze the formation of each of the following words (some of them underlined) (2*10=20).1. un fairKey: affixati on, formed by Un- ”+ fair ”(词汇主要限定在Chapter 4的练习1,3,4,5,7,8,9中)III. State the relationshi p obtained between each of the following gro ups of words (2*5=10).1. flower; tuli p, rose, earn ati on, daisyKey: hyponymy(词汇主要限定在Chapter 5的练习1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9中)V. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (5*2=10).(内容主要限定在Chapter 5的练习1,2,3以及P98的谚语中)。
词汇学考试模板(for13级)
卷号：A 二O 一一 —二O 一二学年第二学期期末考试英语词汇学 试题（10英语专业用） （闭卷）Part I (2’*15=30’) (25 minutes) Directions: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. 1. The plural morpheme “-s ” is realized by/Iz/ after the following sounds EXCEPT____. A. /s/ B. /g/ C. /z/ D. /t/ 2. The word “internationalization” comprises ____morphemes. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 3.“TV” is a(n) ____. A. initialism B. acronym C. derivative D. compound 4. The prefix “mis -” in the word “mistrust ” is a ____prefix. A. negative B. reversative C. pejorative D. locative 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning” ? A. Reference. B. Concept. C. Sense. D. Pronunciation. 6. In the sentence “ Tom is sitting on the chair ”, there are_______ content words.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 47. The word “Typewrite” is formed through_______A. BlendingB. CompoundingC. Back-formationD. Clipping8. The Chinese expression “半死不活” means a person is still_____.A. deadB. half dead, half aliveC. aliveD. half alive一、密封线内不准答题。
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课程命题是以全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会制订的《英语词汇学自学考试大纲》和全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会主编的《英语词汇学》教程为依据，旨在考核应试者是否能识记有关的概念、定义、知识点，领会基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别，能运用本课程的基本理论、基本知识和方法，分析解决学习和工作中的实际问题，并能用英语正确地表述出来。
本课程试题分为较易、中等、较难、难四个等级，每份试卷中，四个等级所占比重分别为20%，30%，30%，20%。
试题包括选择题与非选择题，分别占卷面总分的30%和70%。
题型采用单项选择题、教程内容填空题、匹配题、判断填空题、术语解释题、简答题和分析题。
其中单项选择题占30%，教程内容填空题占10%，匹配题占10%、判断填空题占10%、术语解释题占10%、简答题占15%和分析题占15%。
本课程考试时间为150分钟。
题型举例如下：英语词汇学Time Limit: 150 min.I. Directions: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket on your answer sheet. (30%)1. The characteristics of the basic word stock include _________ .A.stabilityB.productivityC.national charactersD.all the aboveII. Directions: Complete the following statements or paragraphs with proper expressions according to the course book on your answer sheet.(10%)1.The relationship between sound and meaning is ________ or conventional.III. Directions: Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B. and mark your answers on your answer sheet.(10%)A B 1.extension A.deer 2.narrowing B.holiday 3.elevation C.villain 4. degradation D.ministerIV. Directions: Study the following words and decide:(1) how words were formed (2) how words were changed in meaning . Put your answers in the bracket on your answer sheet. (10%)Example One: disobey (prefixation) Example Tw deer (narrowing) V. Directions: Define the following terms.(10%)1.word2.stem VI. Directions: Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers on your answer sheet.(12%) 1. How do you distinguish English synonyms?VII. Directions: Comment on the following sentences according to the instructions in the brackets. Write your answers on your answer sheet.(18%)1.Trees surround the water near our summer place. (Comment on the sentence using the theory of hyponymyand then improve the sentence.)全国高等教育自学考试英语专业《英语词汇学》课程考试命题实施意见一.命题指导思想本课程命题是以全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会制订的的《英语词汇学自学考试大纲》和全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会主编的《英语词汇学》教程为依据，旨指在考核应试者是否能识记有关的概念、定义、知识点，领会基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别，能运用本课程的基本理论、基本知识和方法，分析解决学习和工作中的实际问题，并能用英语正确地表述出来。
二.命题工作步骤 1.第一阶段（2000年1月18日—20日），命题教师学习、研究和分析本课程考试大纲的内容，以及大纲中规定的试题题型，讨论制订课程考试说明，并进行试命题和命题分工。
2.第二阶段（2000年1月21日-2月18日），命题教师分头按接受的命题任务（根据章节分工）进行命题。
命题量为10套。
填写好的试题卡片于2月18日之前寄到上海教育考试院。
3.第三阶段（2000年2月22-24日），由命题组长与副组长组成四套试卷。
每次统考所用的试卷由自考办在其中随机抽取一套使用。
三.命题要求 1.命题教师应根据本门课程考试大纲和教材，按照命题任务所分配的题型和题量进行命题。
需要重点考察的内容，可以采用不同题型或从不同侧面提出问题，但不得出偏题、怪题。
试题可以只考一个考核点，也可综合考核不同语言技能的多个考核点。
2.试题编制的质量要求所编制试题要做到：A：题义清楚，文字准确，内容完整，措辞严密；B：所给的条件科学、恰当；C：标点符号正确，无拼写错误；D：答案简明、准确、评分标准合理；E：每题编制一张试题卡片。
3.题型编制规范(1)单项选择题a 考点选自教程b 以识记和领会为主c. 备选答案之间应避免互相重复、互相包括、互相排斥等情况(2)教程内容填空题a 考点选自教程b.以领会为主 c.杜绝一空多解的现象(3)匹配题 a 考点选自教程 b.以领会和简单应用为主 c.等量匹配(4)判断填空题 a 考点选自教程 b. 以领会和应用为主 c.杜绝一空多解的现象(5)术语解释题 a 考点选自教程 b. 以简单应用为主 c. 选取简单易答的术语(6)简答题 a 考点选自教程 b. 以简单应用为主 c.答题方向明确，避免出内容范围太广的试题(7)分析题a 考点选自教程b. 以综合应用为主c.答题方向明确，避免出内容范围太广的试题四.注意事项编制选择题型时必须做到：1）应有4个答案，且其中只能有一个正确答案；2）题干文字简练，表述清楚，题义明确，备选答案的共同用语应尽可能置于题干之中；3）备选答案在逻辑形式上应为题干所提问题的答案；各个备选答案之间应避免互为依据或相互包含；4）错误答案应具有一定的迷惑性，或者是平常学习时易于混淆的内容；5）正确答案的顺序应按随机原则排列，备选答案的题序号以A、B、……示列。
五.组卷要求1.试卷内容既要全面覆面，又要保证突出重点。
2.每一试题均应相互独立，对某一试题的解答不得给另一试题以任何提示。
3.每套试卷均应能明显区分应试者及格或不及格两大层次。
4.题型分值结构及预计答题时间项目分值时间（分钟）(1)单项选择题30分（每小题2分）20 (2)教程内容填空题10分（每小题2分）15 (3)匹配题10分（每小题1分）15 (4)判断填空题10分（每小题1分）20 (5)术语解释题10分（每小题2分）20 (6)简答题12分（每小题4分）30 (7)分析题18分（每小题9分）305.认知领域能力层次要求的分数比例识记（A）20% 领会（B）30% 简单应用（C）30% 综合应用（D）20%6.课程中各章在试卷中的分数比例第一、二章15%第三、四章20%第五、六章25%第七章10%第八章10%第九章15%第十章5% 7.编制术语解释题、简答题和分析题时，请在题卡上注明预留空间：术语解释题三行，简答题八行，分析题十二行。
8.题卡序号：A--I 表示第一套试卷的第一大项目，以后依此类推。
六.其他上海市自考委受全国自考委委托，负责组织本门课程考试的命题工作，其有关事项均按国家教委（92）第22号《高等教育自学考试命题工作规定》执行。
何谓词汇学？不少学生误以为，词汇学就是“学词汇”，把词汇学与市场上编写的“突破词汇大关”的各种词汇手册联系起来。
然而，真正开始学习，发现完全是两回事，因此产生畏难情绪。
有的学生说，他们把《英语词汇学》看过数遍，书上讲的东西似乎都明白了，但参加考试，结果却不理想。
凡此种种，实际上集中于两个问题：一是词汇学属于什么性质的课程，它包括哪些内容？二是学词汇学，怎样才能收到好效果？本文就这两个问题谈几点意见。
一、《英语词汇学》的性质英语词汇学是一门有关英语词汇的学问，是普通高等院校英语专业普遍开设的专业知识课程。
因为这门课程实用性强，对学好英语语言很重要，所以被列为高等教育自学考试英语语言文学专业本科段选修课。
英语词汇学是专业理论课，它运用现代语言学的有关理论，研究英语语言中的词汇问题。
该课程介绍“词”的基本知识，讨论词的形态结构及构成方式，探讨词的意义及语义关系，阐述英语词汇的发展变化乃至相关的词典知识。
学习本课程的目的是对英语词汇具有比较系统、比较完整的知识，较深入地了解英语词汇的现状及其历史演变过程，并能对现代英语词汇发展中出现的各种词汇现象做出分析和解释，提高对英语词语的理解、阐释和综合运用的能力。
由此可见，词汇学绝对不是一般意义上的“学词汇”。
二、内容的安排及重难点《英语词汇学》教程共十章，其涵盖的内容可以分为五大块：一、英语词汇的基本常识及其来源和发展；二、英语词汇的形态结构及构成方式；三、词的意义、关系及变化；四、英语习语；五、英语词典。
第一、二、三、四章主要讨论英语词汇的形式；第五、六、七、八章集中探讨词的意义；第九章论述习语，即“多成分”词语；第十章研究词典。
各章尽管长短不同，繁简各异，但每章都有一定数量的知识点，只是多寡不一。
至于哪些章节重要，哪些章节不重要很难确定。
应该说每个知识点都重要，知识点多的章节比知识点少的更重要。
不过，就其实用性而言，还是有区别的。