中考题型专练之语法复习(形容词和副词)

考点一：形容词、副词的原级

【经典习题】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. Sally was (happy) because she got an “A” in her math test.

2. You need to explain your idea quite (clear) so others can understand you.

3. (sudden) we heard a terrible noise at the door.

4. Our teachers always ask us to keep our classroom (clean).

5. The people in town are very (friend) to us.

6. You’d better stay at home. The wind is blowing (strong) at the moment.

7. There’s something (excite) in today’s newspaper.

8. Practice as (much) as you can.

9. There is no one (else) to come.

10. The ten-year-old boy is (real) smart.

【考点点拨】

★形容词作定语时置于名词前，但修饰不定代词时需后置；作表语时置于系动词后；作宾语补足语时置于宾语后。形容词短语作定语要置于被修饰词后，但复合形容词作定语时，要置于被修饰词前。

★大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但少数形容词只能作表语，如afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive, well等。

★某些以-ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如friendly, lonely, lovely, lively等。

★副词修饰动词时前后均可。else只能作后置定语，置于what, who, where等疑问词和不定代词(不定副词)后。

★形容词或副词的同级比较用as … as … 或not so / as … as …结构。

考点二：形容词、副词的比较等级

【经典习题】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. What? Is Andy in his fifties? I think he is much (young)!

2. One of the (easy) ways to keep you strong is to exercise.

3. — Which do you like (well) of the four seasons?

— Spring.

4. This is (difficult) question in the book. I can’t answer it.

5. This morning Jack came to school (late) than any other student in his class.

6. Do you know who jumped (high) of all the students?

7. Tina’s friends practice swimming (little) than her, so they swim (slowly) than her.

8. Mike plays football badly, but David plays (badly) than him.

9. There are (few) people who write with their left hand than those with their right hand.

10. Your illness is (serious) than we expected.

【考点点拨】

★形容词和副词的等级变化规则

◇规则变化有下列几种情况：

1. 单音节词及少数双音节词后直接加-er, -est，如：tall-taller-tallest; healthy-healthier-healthiest; clever-cleverer-cleverest等。

2. 以不发音的e结尾的词直接加-r, -st，如：nice-nicer-nicest; fine-finer-finest等。

3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i，再加-er, -est，如：easy-easier-easiest; lovely-lovelier-loveliest等。

4. 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词，先双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er, -est，如：thin-thinner-thinnest; hot-hotter-hottest等。

5. 大部分双音节词和多音节词，要在原级前加more, most，如：beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful; expensive-more expensive-most expensive等。

6. 以“形容词+ly”构成的副词，多在前面加more, most，如：slowly-more slowly-most slowly等。

◇不规则变化有下列单词：good / well-better-best; bad / badly-worse-worst; many / much-more-most; little-less-least; far-farther / further-farthest / furthest ★形容词和副词比较等级的用法

比较级表示两者(人或物)的比较；在“比较级+ than”结构中，than前后的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词也可省略。比较级前可以用much, even, far, a little, a bit等修饰。为避免重复，通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。最高级表示三者或三者以上(人或物)的比较且其中一个在某一方面超过其他几个。形容词最高级的前面一般要加the，副词最高级前的the可省略。

★形容词和副词比较级常用结构

“比较级+ than”；“比较级 + and + 比较级”；“the + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”；“比