高中英语 Unit 5 t he power of nature 语法现代分词做状语导学案 新人教版选修6

高中英语 Unit 5 t he power of nature 语法现代分词做状语导学案新人教版选修6t he power of nature 语法现代分词做状语导学案新人教版选修6【学习目标】现在分词做状语【课前预习】一、基本用法：现在分词的形式是“动词原形+ing”；分词的否定式在分词前加not (例如：not knowing, not having received); 现在分词做状语时表示的动作与谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时或几乎同时发生，有时先于谓语的动作发生;它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致；分词做状语一般与其他成分用逗号分开;分词可以做时间，原因，方式，条件，结果，目的，让步等状语。

二、现在分词的基本形式：动词形式与句子主语关系及含义以do为例一般式[来源:学、科、网][来源:学科网][来源:Z*xx*k、Com]主动式doing主动，进行[来源:Z*xx*k、Com]被动式being done被动，进行完成式主动式：having done主动，完成被动式：having been done被动，完成三、题型结构：_______________________，S+V+O、（多把表时间，原因，条件，目的状语等放句前）S+V+O,_________________________、（表结果，伴随的状语等放句后）逗号前后没有连词连接（and, but, when, as, where, however,等），就构成了非谓语做状语的基本前提，现在分词的主动式主要是与句中主语逻辑上的一种主谓关系，现在分词的被动式主要是与句中主语逻辑上的一种动宾关系；现在分词的进行式是指分词所表示的动作（或状态）与句中动作同时或几乎同时发生，现在分词的完成式是指分词所表示的动作（或状态）一定先于句中谓语动作发生。

Eg、1、Seeing from the hilltop, he was delighted to see a wonderful view、此句中，逗号前后无连词连接，故不能同时出现两个简单句，see 逻辑主语是 he,他们之间是一种主谓关系（主动），see 动作与be delighted to see几乎是同时发生，因此seeing(主动，进行)符合要求，相当于一个时间状语从句：when_______________________, he was delighted to see a wonderful view、2、 Having written an important letter, I listened to the music for a while、此句中write与I是逻辑上的主谓关系（主动），write动作先于句中listen to the music的动作，故用having written(主动，完成)作状语。

3、Having been shown around the school, the guests were taken to the hotel、此句中the guests 与shown 是被动关系，show动作先于 were taken to 之前,是同时强调被动完成，所以选用 Having been shown(被动，完成)。

【课堂讲练】一、为了使同学们更好地理解，特分类如下：1、作时间状语时相当于when引导的时间状语从句。

这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分,也可至于句子后面，若两个动作同时发生，可在分词前用when 或while表示强调。

Eg、 Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai、 (When they heard the news ,they……)When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us、__________________（已经完成了作业）, he watched TV for a while、2、作原因状语相当于as, since, because 引导的从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。

Eg: The doctor, not wanting to make the patient nervous, did not explain the seriousness of his illness、______________________(不知道如何处理这个问题)，he turned to his teacher for help、3、作条件状语相当于if,等引导的从句，这类状语一般放在句子的前半部分。

Eg: Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage、（变成含if 条件句的句型） _______________________, you will find a path leading to his cottage、4、作让步状语相当于though ,even if 等引导的从句。

表示让步的状语要放句前，一般不可放在句尾，但前有连词时例外。

Living miles away, he attended the course、虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。

Though I admit what she has said, I don’t think she hastried her best、（变为分词作状语形式）______________________, I don’t think she has tried her best、5、作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句，通常放句后。

He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself、(He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself、)The boy ran home ,________________、 (小男孩哭着跑回了家)6、作结果状语相当于so that引导的从句。

这类状语通常放在句子的后半部分，并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开，常可以译为“于是，所以或因此”等。

这种分词的逻辑主语即可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子，如果逻辑主语是前边的整个句子，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

The train was caught in heavy snow, causing the delay、火车遇上了大雪，因此造成了耽搁。

The old scientist died all of a sudden, ______________________（于是留下工作未完成）二、分词作状语时, 需注意事项: 分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是________ : ______________ (see)from the hill, the city is beautiful、 _____________ (see)from the hill, you can see the whole city、三、有一类题，和分词做状语结构相似，但它是一种独立成分做状语，无需考虑逻辑主语的主被动关系，动作的完成或同时，所以称之为独立成分，请牢记以下内容：According to……… (根据……)Judging from/by………(由…判断)Considering………(鉴于)Provided/providing that……（如果）Compared to/with……(与…相比较)Generally speaking…… 一般说来Frankly speaking…… 坦白地说Properly speaking…… 正确的说来To tell you the truth……说实话Taking…into consideration 考虑到Eg: Judging from his accent, he is from the north、Considering your age, you’d better live with your son、Generally speaking, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality、四、课堂练习：A、作时间状语：①_____________ (hear)the bad news, they couldn’t help crying、 =______________________________, they couldn’t help crying、②________________________ (finish)his work, he went home、B、作原因状语：①____________ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad、 ______________(not know)her address, we couldn’t get in touch wi th her、C、方式/伴随状语;1、The teacher stood there, ______ (surround)by a lot of students、D、作条件状语：①______ (give)another chance, I would have done the job far better、 E、作结果状语：(意料中的结果)① The hunters fired, __________(shoot)one of the wolves、②The bus was he ld up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause)the delay、区别: 不定式表示意外的结果 He hurried to the station, only ________ (find)the train had left、【课后作业】1、________ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses、A、 DrivenB、 Being drivenC、 To driveD、 Having driven2、______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then、A、 Holding; being heldB、 Held; holdingC、 Having held; being held D being held; held3、__________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at homeA、To waitB、 Have waitedC、 Having waitedD、 Waiting4、______ the railway station, we had a break, only ______ the train had left、A、 Arriving at; to findB、 Coming to; discovering thatC、 On arriving at; finding outD、 Hurrying to; to have found out5、 ____ from this point of view， the question will be of great importance、A、 ConsideringB、 ConsideredC、 Being consideredD、 Consider6、 Though ____ of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice、A、 warningB、 to warnC、 warnD、 warned7、 ____ with a difficult situation， Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice、A、 To faceB、 Having facedC、 FacedD、 Facing8、 When first ____ to the market， these products enjoyed great success、A、 introducingB、 introducedC、 introduceD、 being introduced9、 ____， the old man is living a happy life、A、 Taking good careB、 Taken good careC、 Having taken good careD、 Taken good care of10、 Sarah pretended to be cheerful,__________ nothing about the argument、A、 saysB、 saidC、 to sayD、 saying。