mars landing catlog-sby
昆士兰州勘探权申请指南-译文
Exploring for Minerals andCoal in Queensland A question and answer guide toexploration tenure processes昆士兰州矿物和煤勘探勘探权申请指南INTRODUCTIONThis document is aimed at assisting people wishing to explore for minerals and coal in Queensland to understand the Government approval processes. It also provides references to more detailed information, key government contacts and outlines the regions and mining districts into which Queensland is divided for administrative purposes.Gold on or below the surface of land is the property of the Crown. All other minerals and coal on or below the surface of land are also the property of the Crown, with minor exceptions.Any eligible person can undertake exploration and mining in Queensland and the owners of producing mines pay a royalty to the Government.In Queensland, an Exploration Permit is issued for the purpose of exploring for any mineral to which the permit applies, in respect of any land to which the permit applies.All exploration permits are administered by the Southern Region of the Department of Mines and Energy under the Mineral Resources Act 1989 (the Act).概要本文档旨在帮助有志于对昆士兰州矿物和煤进行勘探的人员了解政府的审批程序。
马斯克的星链计划英语文章
马斯克的星链计划英语文章English:Elon Musk's Starlink project aims to provide global high-speed broadband coverage by deploying a constellation of satellites in low Earth orbit. The ultimate goal is to bridge the digital divide by offering internet access to remote and underserved areas around the world. Unlike traditional internet providers, Starlink's satellites operate closer to the Earth, reducing signal latency and delivering faster connectivity. This technology has the potential to revolutionize internet access in rural communities, on ships, airplanes, and in disaster-stricken regions where traditional infrastructure is lacking. With thousands of satellites already launched and more planned for deployment, Starlink is steadily expanding its coverage and improving its service quality. Despite facing challenges such as regulatory hurdles and concerns over space debris, Elon Musk remains committed to his vision of creating a global satellite internet network that is fast, reliable, and accessible to all.中文翻译:马斯克的星链计划旨在通过在近地轨道部署一组卫星网络,提供全球高速宽带覆盖。
政府把钱花在太空探索上四级英语作文
政府把钱花在太空探索上四级英语作文Title: The Journey Through the Stars: Reflecting on Government Funding for Space ExplorationIn the vast tapestry of human endeavor, few quests capture the imagination quite like space exploration. It is a realm where science fiction meets the relentless pursuit of knowledge, often fueled by significant government funding. This essay delves into the justification and implications of governments allocating substantial funds toward journeying beyond Earth's boundaries.The allure of the cosmos has captivated humans since time immemorial, with civilizations gazing up at the night sky, pondering the mysteries it holds. However, turning this fascination into a tangible mission required the might of nations, exemplifying the collective ambition to unravel the secrets of the universe. Governments, through their funding, have transformed these dreams into reality, supporting projects that not only extend our reach into space but also spur technological and scientific advancements on Earth.One compelling rationale for such expenditure is the prospect of discovery. Every mission, whether it's landing a rover on Mars or capturing stunning images of distant galaxies,expands our understanding of the cosmos. These endeavors offer invaluable insights into topics ranging from astrophysics and celestial mechanics to the origins of the solar system and the potential for life elsewhere. The knowledge gained is not merely academic; it has practical applications, driving innovations in materials science, medicine, and environmental management.Moreover, the benefits of space exploration are not confined to scientific breakthroughs. Investments in space missions foster economic growth, creating jobs in various sectors, from aerospace engineering to robotics and computer sciences. These missions inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers, setting a stage for a future where exploration and innovation are continuous. Additionally, the technologies developed for space missions have spin-offs that improve daily life on Earth, from improved satellite communications to advanced medical imaging.However, the commitment of public funds to space exploration is not without its critics. Some argue that these resources could be better allocated to addressing pressing issues here on Earth, such as poverty, hunger, or climate change. This perspective raises important questions aboutpriorities and the distribution of finite resources. It invites a dialogue on the balance between investing in the future and addressing current global challenges, suggesting a need for a nuanced approach that can do both simultaneously.In conclusion, the decision by governments to allocate funds toward space exploration is multifaceted, reflecting a blend of ambition, curiosity, and vision for the future. While it is a domain that captures the imagination and pushes the boundaries of human knowledge, it also prompts essential discussions about resource allocation and societal priorities. As we continue to reach for the stars, it is imperative that we strike a balance, ensuring that both the triumphs of space exploration and the needs of our planet are addressed harmoniously. In this journey through the stars, let us remember to shine a light on the path ahead for all humanity.。
蓝代斯克 LanDesk 安全管理套件-客户端配置操作
蓝代斯克LanDesk 安全管理套件客户端安装使用手册1.客户端的部署1.1.未管理设备搜寻1.在“工具”或“工具箱”中选择“未管理设备搜寻”2.点击“网络扫描”,打开“扫描器设置”。
在“扫描器设置”窗口,可以新建扫描器,保存扫描器设置,对已保存的扫描器配置进行修改或重命名,也可以删除已有的扫描器配置。
3.在“扫描器设置”窗口,可以新建扫描器配置,对“新建配置”进行设置4.选择“网络扫描”,则将对IP网段进行扫描。
(其他扫描选项的介绍请参考用户手册)5.输入起始IP和结束IP6.点击“添加”,将上一步设好的IP网段添加到扫描列表中(可以添加多个网段)7.点击“立即扫描”,则开始扫描指定的网段。
(也可以点击“计划任务”,然后在“计划任务”窗口中配置扫描的时间,可以在指定的某个时间进行扫描,也可以设置扫描的周期。
点击“立即扫描”之后在“扫描状态”对话框中查看扫描状态的更新情况。
扫描结束后,在“扫描状态”和“扫描器配置”对话框中单击关闭。
搜寻出未管理设备之后,您可以在未管理的设备上部署客户端,以便被核心服务器所管理。
如果要定期扫描网络,发现网络上的未被管理的设备,可以点击“计划任务”按钮,然后在“计划任务”窗口中配置扫描的时间,可以在指定的某个时间进行扫描,也可以设置扫描的周期。
1.2.创建客户端代理配置登录控制台,选择“工具箱”/“代理配置”,打开代理配置窗口。
可以打开,创建一个新的Windows代理配置:开始:为代理配置选择要使用的功能组件,本次操作可以采用默认设置。
注:如果要测试端点安全,请选中“端点安全”,默认“端点安全”是不选的。
本次操作其它设置均可采用标准默认设置,无须改动。
如果没有其他特别设置需求,可直接点击保存。
1.3.安装部署客户端LANDESK也支持多种客户端的安装方式。
右键点击代理配置,可以采用包括远程直接推送客户端的方式;生成独立安装包直接安装方式;生成高级代理采用域登录脚本等。
太阳系之外:寻找新地球说明书
BEYOND THE SUN In search of a new EarthMay the stars light your dreams.Hi! My name’s Celeste.I’m sure glad to see you reading these pages because I need your help.There is nothing I like more than exploring, discovering new things, understanding and being amazed by everything that happens on Earth… and beyond. Because you know what? Things happen in the universe… thousands of things! And even if we can’t see them with our eyes, we cansee them with the eyes that science gives us…So this year I’ve decided to become an EXPERT PLANET HUNTER. That’s right, exxxxxpert. And to do that, I have to read, play, and answer the questions in this guidebook.If you lend me a hand, we can discover incredible stuff…Will you join me?Hi! I’m Moon.I´m a small particle of light from a star very far away. I’ll guide you and train youto become an exoplanet hunter.Ah, and these are my helpers!They’ll be flying around here whenever you need help.Good luck!This Diary belongs to: Name:....................................................................................................................................................................... Age:........................................................................................................................................................................... School:..................................................................................................................................................................... Class:........................................................................................................................................................................ My best friend’s name is ........................................................................................................................ What I like best in the world is .......................................................................................................... My favorite animal is ..................................................................................................................................Welcome!The first thing every planet hunter should know by heart is:THE EIGHT PLANETS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM.Celeste wanted to show that she already knows them all, but my helpers interrupted her with their giggling.C e le st e: “I kn o w a ll th ep la ne ts!”C e le s t e: “W h y a r e t h e yla u g h in g”Let’s see how much you remember.Ready?Let’s go!1. The planet that is closest to the Sun and that looks like the Moon is called MERCURY2. The planet that is full of clouds is : V____3. The E___ H is the one that has oceans, forests, and lots of animals.4. ____ is red.5. The biggest planet is called __P____6. S_T__N… has rings.7. URANUS … Also has rings and is on its side!8. And finally, NEPT__E … is very cold because it is very far from the Sun.Y ou know w h at? Hunting a planet means to discover it, to detect it. That’s why we say that an exoplanet hunter is someone who looks for and, if they’re lucky, finds planets beyond the Solar System!S U N Always remember that the Sun that we see each day is not a planet, but rather a star. And yes, almost all the brightlittle points of light you see at night… ARE ALSO STARS!The big difference between the Sun and the ones you see as bright little points of light at night is that our star (the Sun) is much, much, much closerto us than the rest of the stars…Comets – Stars – Dwarf planets – Galaxies – Moons – Supernovae – Asteroids2341Remember: Y ou must know the words that planet hunters use.Use the dictionary at the end of the guidebook to learn everything about these words!¡But careful! Not all the things in the Solar System are planets and the Sun.What else is there? Choose the correct answers.M a r sT r i p t hr o u g ht h e S o la r S y s te mOn the trip that we make through the Solar Systemin Beyond the Sun, we pass through an areawith thousands and thousands of “rocks” that float in space.Do you remember what they are called?And… do you remember which two planets it lies between?A_T____DB__T1. MARS2.J_____RD I M I D I U M a n d i t s S t a r BRAVO! Y ou just passed to the next level. Y ou are no longer a beginner,and you earned it all on your own. Now pay close attention and get your memory workingbecause… we’re going hunting!Do you remember what planet hunters call a world that revolve around another star than Sun?That looks like Jupiter!That’s true, but this planet is very far away from the Solar System. It’s Dimidium, an enormous, gassy planet that orbits very close to its star, which is very similar to our sun. It’s classified as a hot Jupiter.E__P__N_T star orbit123Did you know that some exoplanets have two names? For example,Dimidium is known to exoplanet hunters as 51 Pegasi b.Why? I’ll explain it to you:• 51 Pegasi because that’s the Latin name for the star that Dimidium revolves around.•And he letter “b” because it is the exoplanet discovered around that star.It’s time to use your imagination. What name would you give these exoplanets?D id y ou know t h at? There are international competitions to name exoplanets. Dulcinea, Quijote, Poltergeist and Saffar are some of them.J ames W ebb Sp ace TelescopeWhat do you say if we take a break and play for a while?Color this great exoplanet hunter!D id y ou know t h at? With this space telescope, planet hunters hope to takethe first picture of an Earth-like planet.Y ou have already learned a bunch of words that planet hunters use.Find the 5 that are hidden in this word search.EXOPLANETGALAXY COMET STAR ASTEROIDWORD SEARCH.I want to be an exoplanet hunter! No, no, even better,I want to hunta new Earth!!Great! Because you’re on the right path to become one. Y ou’re doing a good job. Shall we continue?Hunting exoplanets isn’t easy…Y ou can’t seemost of them even with the biggest and mostprecise telescopes. But planet hunters have learned ways to detect them.• T ransit photometry.• Radial velocity.The ones they use most are:TRANSIT PHOTOMETRY:This method consists of measuring the decrease in the brightness of a star when an exoplanet passes in front of it, and that is what we call transit.But careful! For this method to work, the star, the exoplanet and we ourselves all have to be lined up… like when you stand in line at school!.If we aren’t lined up, then the exoplanet will never cross in front of us, it won’t blockpart of the STAR and so its brightnesswon’t change.Let’s refreshour memories.L i n e d u p N o t l i n e d u pT r a n s i tExactly!But our moon is so bigand is so close to us that it can block outthe Sun completely when they all line up.Oh! I think I understand now. Something similarhappens during an eclipse, right?the Earth the Moon the SunOPTION A OPTION B ACCEPT THE CHALLENGE Which of these exoplanets could we discover with transit detection?Mark the right option.Amazing, isn’t it? It turns out that you can’t see the vast majority of exoplanets even with the most powerful telescopes, but exoplanets hunters are still ableto discover if they are there. And they do that with two methods:transit photometry and radial velocity. Wow…!exoplanetorbit ofexoplanet starI’ve decided that I’m going to explain this to my friends,but I want to be sure to do it right…Will you help me to complete the sentences?• The Earth takes approximately _ _ _ DAYS to complete its orbitaround the Sun.• And the time that an exoplanet takes to complete its orbit is the exoplanet Y _ A _.• T o be able to discover an exoplanet with the T___S_T PHOTOMETRY detection method, the exoplanet, the star, and we ourselves have to be in line.T errific… It’s been a great day.I learned that “to complete the orbit”means to revolve all the way around a starand that the Sun is a star that is very close to the Earth.What did you learn?If you’ve made it this far, then you’ve got a really big chance of becomingan exoplanet hunter. Remember that this is something super complicated,something that even a lot of adults aren’t able to understand. So take your time, read it as many times as you need to, and ask for help if you need it. Now close your eyes,take a deep breath, count to ten, and… let’s continue!We have arrived at the second method that exoplanet hunters use to look for new planets:RADIAL VELOCITY DETECTION.Exactly, but because the sound travels through air, we can’t see the waves.The first thing that we need to understand is the DOPPLER EFFECT. Remember that?Sound is transmitted in the form of wavesLike the waves that you make when you througha stone in a pond?W E E W O OW E E W O O W E E W O ONow watch what happens when this fire engine that is makingthe sound approaches us and moves away from us.Y ou see? As the fire engine approaches us,the sound waves are shorter in the directionthat the truck is traveling.And as the sound moves away from us,the sound waves that reach us are longer.When the shape of the sound wave that reaches our ears changes… THE SOUND CHANGES.It becomes higher-pitched when the sound wave gets shorter, and lower-pitchedwhen the sound wave gets longer. This is what’s known as the Doppler effect.And that colored light?It’s a star. Because it’s traveling towards where we are, we see a change in the color of the light it gives off.Just like sound, light also travels in the form of waves. The light from the star turns blue when the star approaches us and it turns red when the star that is giving off the light moves away from where we are.Well… I don’t understand. I’ve never seenstars change from red to blue and I’ve neverseen them whizzing around, either. I alwayssee them fixed in the same place in the sky!”I’ll explain it to you. Let’s go little by little!The changes in the light from stars are so small that planet hunters can only see them analyzing thelight using super-special instrumentsinstalled in their telescopes.And for a star to move… there has to bean exoplanet revolving around it. And that isexactly what planet hunters are looking for!But do you know what is more importantthan seeing it? UNDERSTANDING IT.And you can’t see how they move, either… becauseit’s impossible to see that with the naked eye! Stars areso far away that we can’t see their movement even with the mostpowerful telescopes... but if we observe their light for a while andwe see that it gets bluer and then redder again and again…then we know that that star is moving, even if we can’t see its movement.So… here we go. Do you remember the athlete?The weight of the hammer influencesthe athlete and makes him wobble.The more the hammer weighs, the more the athlete wobbles.2 kg hammer Strong wobble Mild wobble 5 kg hammerExactly the same thing happens with a star when an exoplanet orbits around it.Remember! What exoplanet hunters can measure with their telescopes is the changes in the light from the star. If the star gets BLUER AND gets REDDER then there’s an exoplanet around it. And the bigger the changes in the light are... the bigger the planet revolving around it is, even though WE CAN’T SEE IT!Mild wobblesmall exoplanet bigexoplanet strong wobbleThe exoplanet makes the star wobble.When the star is moving away from us...When the star is moving toward us...the light we receive gets redderthe light we receive gets bluerexoplanet starIt’s so big that more than 2000 Earths could fit inside this planet.It moves at 500.000 km/hour.! That´s 500 times faster than an airplane. Its surface temperature is over 1.000 Celsius. That’s so high that it would meltalmost all metals. That’s why it’s called a hot Jupiter!Its year lasts less than 5 Earth days.D id y ou know t h at D imidium...?In which of these two options do you thinkwe could discover an exoplanet?Celeste is still thinking about her answer...What can a planet hunter learn if, when she observes a star for a while,the star doesn’t turn red or blue?That there isn’t an exoplanet revolving around that star. Since there isn’tan exoplanet, the star doesn’t wobble and so the light doesn’t change.That there is a giant exoplanet, an exoplanet so big that it immobilizes the star.Now I know that only planet hunters are able to find exoplanets by studying withtheir telescopes how the light of the stars changes.If you don’t understand what is on this blackboard, don’t worry… Not even the grown-ups, nor your teacher, nor your parents are able to!Only exoplanet hunters are able to understandit after they have studied for many, many years…This formula is also for grown-ups,but we can try to understand it. If you manage to dothat, you’ll remember it your whooooole life.• All the objects around us have two things in common:mass and volume. And everything that has mass and volume is MATTER. • The mass (M) of an object is a measurement of the amount of matter that it contains. The more matter an object has, the greater its mass is. • The volume (V) of an object is a measurement of the space it takes up.So the more space it takes up, the greater its volume is.We know the density (rho) of an object by dividing the mass of that objectby the volume it takes up.D id y ou know t h at? When it freezes, water takes up more space: its volume is bigger.This decreases its density and that is why ice cubes float in water.=m vIf there are super-Earths, then there must be super-whales, super-dogs...!In reality, we still don’t have proof that there is life on other planets…For the moment, we can only discover if an exoplanetthat we’ve found is in its HABITABLE ZONE.Do you know what that means?T o inhabit means to live in a place.So for a planet to be HABITABLE, that is, to be able to have life on it,it needs to meet certain conditions.And the most important one is for it to be able to have LIQUID WATER ON ITS SURFACE.If it is too close to its star, the water will turn into steam because of the heat,but if it is too far away, it will freeze into ice!D id y ou know t h at?It would take us more than 300 years to count,one by one, the ten billion habitable planets that may exist in the Milky Way.A N E TH O T J U P IT E R O C E A N I CP L A N E TWhere would you put the frozen planet? Draw it in its position!And the oceanic planet? Can you also draw the hot Jupiter where it should be?F R O Z E N P LBut the amount of light that the exoplanet is able to reflectis also essential. Do you remember the ALBEDO. . .?Now you’ve got the chance to experience it yourself so that you’ll never forget it.Open your diary and let the sunlight heat up the two pages.T wo minutes should be enough to heat them. Then place each of your hands on a page.Close your eyes to feel better which of the two pages is hotter.High albedo: The white paper reflects a lot of the light.Low albedo: The black paper absorbs a lot of the light.F R O Z E N P L AN E T.V O L C A N I C P L A N E TWhich page is hotter?Well, the same thing happens with exoplanets!Which of these planets has the higher albedo?Which will be hotter?But in addition to liquid water and the albedo, there are many other factors that can influence the existence of life on an exoplanet.That’s why finding an exo-Earth is such an amazing challenge!D id y ou know t h at? It would take us about unos 5.000.000 years to reach the exoplanet closest to the Earth if we traveled at the speed of an airplane.M e a n d m y t e l e s c o p eT h e E a r t hEarth is so pretty! And it’s got loads of lights!So many that we sufferwhat’s called light pollution.Why do you think that all the lights that we have on Earthprevent us from seeing the lights in sky well?O R IO NNow, so you can have some fun and remember what you’ve learned here,I want you to experience for yourself how light pollution affects us.The experiment is very simple: Accompanied by someone from your family, try to countthe stars that you see at night in your town. The best thing would be to identifya constellation (like, for example, Orion) and count the stars that you see around it, but ifyou don’t find a constellation, it doesn’t matter. Simply count all the stars that you’re able to see.STARS AROUND ORION seen from my townon a well-lit street.When you have a chance, do the same thing again, but this time look for someplace where there isn’t much light. It might be on the outskirts of a town or in the country.STARS AROUND ORION seen from the outskirts of my town or in the country.Y ou’ll be surprised by the difference!And you will experience how big an affectlight pollution can have when we look at the stars.Y ou’ve done an excellent job.And don’t forget... out there, there may be a star like our Sun, and orbiting around it,at the same distance as ours,a planet that has oceans, jungles,and – who knows? – civilizations…DICTIONARY OF PLANET HUNTERS.Let’s see… Every aspiring exoplanet hunterneeds to learn the meaning of certain words.Ah! And don’t forget to write down the ones that you discover for yourself.- Earth: The third planet in the Solar System. The world where you live.- Universe: The place that contains everything that exists.- Orbit: The path that a planet follows around its star. It has an almost circular shape.- Albedo: The amount of light that a planet reflects.- T o orbit: T o revolve around a star (or around a planet in the case of a moon)- T o complete the orbit: T o go all the way around.- Y ear: The amount of time that a planet takes to revolve all the way around its star. The Earth’s year lasts 365 days approximately.- T ransit: The passage of a planet in front of its star.- T ransit photometry: The method to discover exoplanets by analyzing if the star’s brightness decreases.- Radial velocity detection: The method to discover exoplanets by analyzing if the star’s colorchanges.- Galaxy : An enormous collection of stars, dust, and gas grouped together.- Star: An enormous ball of gas that is hot and very bright.- Sun: The Sun is a star. It looks much bigger and brighter than the other stars that we see atnight because we are very close to it.- Supernovae: The super-powerful explosion of a star.- Dwarf planet: A small world that revolves around a star.- Comet: An object that looks like a big ball of dirty snow. When it approaches a star, the ice evaporates and it forms an extremely long tail.- Moon: A small world that orbits around a planet. Also called a satellite. The Moon is the Earth’s satellite.- Asteroid: A rocky or metallic object similar to a big rock that floats in space.- Habitable zone: The distance that an exoplanet should be at from its star in orderto be able to have liquid water on its surface.- Exo-Earth- Super-Earth: An oceanic or rocky exoplanet that may be twice as big as the Earth.- Jupiter: The fifth planet in the Solar System. It is famous for having a big, red spot.- Hot Jupiter: A giant exoplanet that revolves very close to its star.- Asteroid belt: The region of the Solar System which has thousands and thousands ofasteroids that revolve around the Sun.- Exoplanet: A planet that revolves around a star other than the Sun.- Dimidium: The first exoplanet ever found. Also known a 51 Pegasi b.- Solar System: That is what we call the place that includes all the planets, moons,asteroids, and comets that revolve around the Sun.CREDITSDirection Javier BollaínCollaboratorsLuís Barrera. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - CSICY olanda Díaz. Casa de la Ciencia de Sevilla - CSICJavier Gorgas. Universidad Complutense de MadridMaleni Hernán. Planetario de MadridFernando Jáuregui. Planetario de PamplonaMiren Millet. Eureka! Museoa Roberto Sánchez. Parque de las Ciencias de GranadaT ranslation Stephen Hughes Created by Render Area S.L. / Monigotes Estudio.Scientific advisor Jose Antonio Caballero. Centro de Astrobiología CSIC-INTA Illustrations Francisco Álvarez Vittorio Pirajno Script Amaia Ruíz Layaout Rubén Ijalba Laura Casamayor。
火星新登陆者
News &HighlightsA New Lander Marcus WooSenior Technology WriterColorado Geological Survey and a member of the InSight science team.The mission will help scientists better understand the forma-tion and evolution of Mars,as well as other rocky planets.‘‘Through gaining knowledge of the interior of Mars,we believe that we will learn about the early history of the Earth,”he said.One of InSight’s primary tools for fulfilling this mission is its seismometer (SEIS),which is designed to detect ‘‘marsquakes,”meteorite impacts,and even the gravitational effects from Mars’moon Phobos.By measuring the speed and timing of their associ-ated seismic waves,scientists can uncover details of the planet’s interior structure.After one Martian year,the researchers hope to have enough information to generate an accurate description of the planet’s crust,mantle,and core,said Sébastien de Raucourt,an InSight team member and a research engineer at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (i.e.,Paris Institute of Earth Physics).Seismology enabled scientists to understand Earth’s interior in the first half of the 20th century,he said.‘‘Our goal is to do the same with Mars.”A few weeks after landing,InSight’s robotic arm placed SEIS on the surface—a first-time task for a planetary mission—making it the first seismometer on Mars since 1976,when the Viking landers carried ones that were less sophisticated and did not directly touch the planet’s surface.Exquisitely sensitive,SEIS can detect ground motions smaller than the diameter of a hydrogen atom [1].To protect it from noise,the instrument is housed inside a vacuum-sealed titanium sphere that is,in turn,encased in aninsulating box.After setting SEIS on the surface,InSight’s arm covered it with a protective dome to shield it from wind and temperature variations that can swing 94°C in a single Martian day.The instrument itself was also designed with some components that contract and others that expand with temperature,canceling out some of the effects of temperature changes [2].In February 2019,InSight deployed its second off-deck instru-ment onto the surface,a subsurface temperature-taking tool called the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP 3)[3].The device weighs only 3kg and runs on a maximum of 2W,yet it is powerful enough to hammer deep into the Red Planet’s surface,up to 5m underground [4].Over the course of as many as 40d,the instru-ment will systematically penetrate deeper into the ground,taking the planet’s internal temperature and measuring thermal conduc-tivity along the way.Mars’internal heat originates from the planet’s formation and the decay of unstable isotopes of uranium,thorium,and potassium,and drives the planet’s geological activity as it travels from the core outward.An accurate measurement of the heat flux escaping the core should help constrain models for the planet’s past and future evolution.To learn even more about the core,InSight will use its radio con-nection with Earth to track the planet’s wobbling about its rotation axis.NASA’s Deep Space Network,with radio dishes in Australia,Spain,and the United States (in California),will follow InSight’s location to measure Mars’long-term precession and short-term1.NASA Mars lander InSight’s first complete selfie taken on 6December 2018,10th day on Mars.The image shows the lander’s solar panels,science instruments,weather sensor booms,and ultrahigh frequency (UHF)antenna.Credit:NASA/JPL-Caltech.nutations,helping scientists determine the size and density of the core—and how much of it is molten.Previously,NASA’s Pathfinder and Viking landers collected data that suggest the core is quite dense,and NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor orbiter detected evidence for a molten outer portion of the core.InSight will monitor Martian wobbling throughout its mission,providing the long-term tracking that is crucial for more precise measurements[1].In addition to these three primary tools,InSight also deploys two cameras—one on its robotic arm and another beneath its deck—and carries an auxiliary payload sensor subsystem.The lat-ter monitors the local magneticfield,wind,temperature,and air pressure,helping scientists to identify sources of noise that the main instruments may pick up.Already up and running,the sub-system also serves as a weather station that lets anyone check the Martian weather online[5].References[1]National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Mars InSight landing presskit.Washington,DC:National Aeronautics and Space Administration;2018. [2]InSight’s seismometer now has a cozy shelter on Mars[Internet].Pasadena:California Institute of Technology;2019Feb4[cited2019Mar10].Available from:https:///news/8407/insights-seismometer-now-has-acozy-shelter-on-mars/?site=insight.[3]NASA’s InSight prepares to take Mars’temperature[Internet].Pasadena:California Institute of Technology;2019Feb13[cited2019Mar10].Available from:https:///news/8412/nasas-insight-prepares-to-take-mars-temperature/?site=insight.[4]Instrument:heat probe[Internet].Pasadena:California Institute of Technology;[cited2019Mar10].Available from:https:///insight/spacecraft/ instruments/hp3/.[5]InSight is the newest Mars weather service[Internet].Pasadena:CaliforniaInstitute of Technology;2019Feb19[cited2019Mar10].Available from: https:///news/8415/insight-is-the-newest-mars-weather-service/ ?site=insight.356M.Woo/Engineering5(2019)355–356Engineering 2 (2016) xxx–xxxNews & Highlights火星新登陆者Marcus WooSenior Technology Writer2018年11月26日,火星迎来了一位新访客——美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Admin-istration ,NASA )的“洞察号”(InSight )着陆器。
描述火星农场的英语作文
描述火星农场的英语作文Title: Exploring the Dynamics of Martian Agriculture。
Introduction:The concept of establishing farms on Mars has been a subject of fascination and intense research for decades. With the increasing interest in space exploration and the possibility of human colonization of the Red Planet, the idea of Martian agriculture has gained substantial traction. In this essay, we delve into the intricacies of setting upa Martian farm, exploring the challenges, methodologies,and potential outcomes.Challenges of Martian Agriculture:The Martian environment poses numerous challenges for agriculture, primarily due to its starkly different conditions compared to Earth. The thin atmosphere, low atmospheric pressure, extreme temperatures, and absence ofliquid water on the surface present formidable obstacles. Moreover, the Martian soil, known as regolith, lacks essential nutrients and harbors perchlorates, which are toxic to most terrestrial plants.Addressing Challenges:To overcome these challenges, innovative solutions are imperative. One approach involves utilizing controlled environment agriculture (CEA) techniques, such as hydroponics or aeroponics, which allow for plant growth without relying on soil. By carefully controlling factors like temperature, humidity, and nutrient levels, crops can thrive in enclosed environments despite the inhospitable Martian conditions.Moreover, the availability of water on Mars, albeit in the form of ice, offers potential for extraction and utilization through processes like melting or electrolysis. Recycling water and employing efficient irrigation systems are crucial for sustaining agricultural activities on the Red Planet.Crop Selection and Genetic Modification:Selecting suitable crops for Martian cultivation is crucial. Crops must be resilient to the harsh environmental conditions while providing essential nutrients forpotential settlers. Certain crops, like potatoes, have already shown promise in Martian simulated environments due to their adaptability and nutritional value.Furthermore, genetic modification plays a pivotal role in enhancing crop resilience and productivity on Mars. Genetic engineering techniques can be employed to develop crops with traits such as drought resistance, tolerance to high levels of radiation, and efficient nutrient absorption from the Martian soil.Energy Sources:Energy is another critical aspect of Martian agriculture. Solar power stands out as a primary energy source, given the abundance of sunlight on the Martiansurface. However, the efficiency of solar panels in thethin Martian atmosphere needs to be optimized. Additionally, exploring alternative energy sources such as nuclear poweror geothermal energy could provide reliable energy options for sustaining agricultural operations.Sustainability and Self-Sufficiency:Achieving sustainability and self-sufficiency inMartian agriculture is paramount for long-term colonization efforts. Establishing closed-loop systems where waste products are recycled to provide nutrients for crops is essential. Moreover, developing Martian agriculture in conjunction with other essential components of Martian settlements, such as water and oxygen production, fosters a holistic approach towards self-reliance.Economic Viability and Future Prospects:While Martian agriculture presents immense challenges,it also holds significant economic potential. As humanity ventures further into space exploration, the demand forsustainably sourced food for astronauts and potential Martian colonists will continue to grow. Furthermore, advancements in Martian agriculture could have spin-off benefits for agricultural practices on Earth, particularlyin regions facing environmental challenges.Conclusion:In conclusion, establishing a successful Martian farm requires a multifaceted approach that integrates technological innovation, scientific research, and sustainable practices. While the challenges are substantial, the prospect of cultivating crops on Mars not only servesas a crucial step towards human colonization but also opens doors to new frontiers in agriculture and space exploration. With continued dedication and ingenuity, the dream of a thriving Martian farm may soon become a reality.。
火星新型农场英语作文
火星新型农场英语作文Mars New Farm。
Mars New Farm is a groundbreaking project that aims to establish a self-sustaining agricultural system on Mars. The project is led by a team of scientists and engineers from different countries who are working together to develop innovative solutions to the challenges of growing crops in the harsh Martian environment.The first step in the project is to establish a greenhouse on the surface of Mars. The greenhouse will be built using lightweight materials that can withstand the extreme temperatures and low atmospheric pressure of the Martian environment. The greenhouse will be equipped with state-of-the-art technology that will allow the crops to grow in a controlled environment.The next step is to select the crops that will be grown on Mars. The team is currently conducting experiments todetermine which crops can thrive in the Martian environment. The goal is to select crops that are high in nutrients and can be used to sustain human life on Mars.Once the crops have been selected, the team will beginto develop a system for growing them on Mars. This will involve developing a nutrient-rich soil that can support plant growth, as well as a system for providing water and nutrients to the plants.One of the biggest challenges of growing crops on Marsis the lack of sunlight. Mars receives only about half as much sunlight as Earth, which makes it difficult for plants to photosynthesize. To overcome this challenge, the team is developing a system of artificial lighting that willprovide the necessary light for plant growth.Another challenge is the low atmospheric pressure on Mars. This makes it difficult for plants to absorb waterand nutrients from the soil. To overcome this challenge,the team is developing a system of pressurized chambersthat will allow the plants to grow in a more hospitableenvironment.The ultimate goal of Mars New Farm is to establish a self-sustaining agricultural system on Mars that can support human life. This will require ongoing research and development, as well as a commitment to sustainable agriculture practices.In conclusion, Mars New Farm is a groundbreakingproject that has the potential to revolutionize agriculture and support human life on Mars. The project is a testament to the power of innovation and collaboration, and it represents a bold step forward in our quest to explore and colonize space.。
火星移民计划英语作文初中
火星移民计划英语作文初中Mars Colonization Plan。
In recent years, the idea of colonizing Mars has become increasingly popular. With the advancement of technology,it is no longer just a dream. Many scientists and entrepreneurs are working hard to make it a reality. The Mars colonization plan is a long-term project that aims to establish a human settlement on Mars and make it a second home for humanity.The Mars colonization plan involves a series of steps. The first step is to send unmanned missions to Mars to explore the planet and gather information. The second step is to send manned missions to Mars to establish a base camp and conduct more extensive research. The third step is to build a self-sustaining colony on Mars, which can support human life indefinitely.There are many challenges that need to be overcome inorder to make the Mars colonization plan a success. Thefirst challenge is the distance between Earth and Mars. It takes about 6-8 months to travel to Mars, which is a long time to be in space. The second challenge is the harsh environment on Mars. The planet has a thin atmosphere, extreme temperatures, and high levels of radiation, which make it difficult for humans to survive. The third challenge is the cost of the project. It is estimated that the Mars colonization plan will cost billions of dollars, which is a huge investment.Despite these challenges, many people believe that the Mars colonization plan is worth pursuing. There are several reasons for this. First, it will expand human knowledge and understanding of the universe. Second, it will provide a backup plan for humanity in case of a global catastrophe on Earth. Third, it will inspire future generations to pursue science and exploration.In conclusion, the Mars colonization plan is a bold and ambitious project that has the potential to change the course of human history. While there are many challengesthat need to be overcome, the benefits of colonizing Mars are too great to ignore. With the right resources and determination, we can make the dream of a human settlement on Mars a reality.。
火星基地的构想作文英语
火星基地的构想作文英语Exploring the Red Planet: A Vision for a Mars Base。
Mankind has always been driven by exploration, pushing the boundaries of what is possible. From the depths of the oceans to the heights of the skies, humans have left their mark on every corner of Earth. But now, our gaze turns outward, towards the stars, and towards a new frontier: Mars.The idea of a Mars base has captured the imagination of scientists, engineers, and dreamers alike for decades. And as technology advances and our understanding of the Red Planet deepens, this vision is no longer confined to the realms of science fiction. It is rapidly becoming atangible reality.The construction of a Mars base would represent a monumental leap forward for humanity, both scientifically and culturally. It would serve as a symbol of our boundlesscuriosity and our relentless pursuit of knowledge. But beyond its symbolic importance, a Mars base would also open up a wealth of opportunities for scientific research, technological innovation, and even the eventualcolonization of other planets.One of the key challenges in building a Mars base lies in overcoming the harsh and unforgiving environment of the Red Planet. With its thin atmosphere, extreme temperatures, and frequent dust storms, Mars presents numerous obstacles to human habitation. However, with careful planning and innovative engineering solutions, these challenges can be overcome.The first step in establishing a Mars base would involve sending unmanned missions to the planet to scoutfor suitable locations and gather essential data. This would be followed by the deployment of robotic rovers and landers to prepare the groundwork for human arrival. These robotic precursors would be tasked with tasks such as identifying potential water sources, testing soil composition, and assessing the feasibility of variousconstruction techniques.Once the groundwork has been laid, the next phase would involve sending astronauts to Mars to begin construction of the base. This would require the development of specialized spacecraft capable of carrying both crew members and cargo safely to the Martian surface. Once on Mars, the astronauts would utilize advanced construction techniques, such as 3D printing using local materials, to build habitats, laboratories, and other essential infrastructure.In addition to providing shelter and workspace for the crew, the Mars base would also need to be self-sustaining to a certain extent. This would involve the implementation of systems for producing food, generating power, recycling water, and managing waste. Technologies such as hydroponic farming, solar panels, and advanced water purification systems would be essential for ensuring the long-term viability of the base.But perhaps the most exciting aspect of a Mars base is the potential for scientific discovery. Mars is a treasuretrove of geological, biological, and atmospheric secrets waiting to be unlocked. By studying its surface, drilling into its crust, and analyzing its atmosphere, scientists hope to gain a better understanding of the planet's history and potential for harboring life. Furthermore, the low gravity and lack of atmospheric interference on Mars makeit an ideal location for conducting experiments in fields such as astronomy, physics, and materials science.In addition to its scientific value, a Mars base would also serve as a stepping stone for future human exploration of the solar system. By establishing a permanent presence on Mars, we would gain valuable experience and knowledge that could be applied to future missions to other planets, moons, and asteroids. Furthermore, the technologies developed for living and working on Mars could have applications closer to home, such as in the fields of sustainable living and environmental conservation.But perhaps the most profound impact of a Mars base would be cultural. Just as the Apollo missions to the Moon inspired a generation of scientists, engineers, andexplorers, so too would a Mars base capture the imagination of people around the world. It would serve as a testament to the power of human ingenuity and cooperation, and as a reminder of what we can achieve when we set our sights on the stars.In conclusion, the construction of a Mars base represents a bold and ambitious undertaking, but one that holds the promise of immense rewards. From expanding our scientific knowledge to inspiring future generations, a Mars base has the potential to shape the course of human history in ways we can scarcely imagine. And as we embark on this great adventure, we take with us the spirit of exploration that has always defined us as a species. For on Mars, as on Earth, the journey is as important as the destination.。
介绍火星基地英文作文
介绍火星基地英文作文英文:Mars has always been a fascinating destination for human exploration. As we continue to advance in space technology, the idea of establishing a base on Mars is becoming more and more realistic. In fact, many space agencies and private companies are already planning missions to Mars with the goal of building a permanent settlement.A Mars base would serve as a hub for scientific research, resource extraction, and eventually, human colonization. The base would need to be self-sustaining, with the ability to generate its own power, produce food, and recycle water and air. It would also need to be well-equipped with advanced technology to withstand the harsh Martian environment, including extreme temperatures, radiation, and dust storms.One example of a proposed Mars base is the MarsSociety's Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah, USA. The MDRS is a simulated Martian habitat where researchers can conduct experiments and test equipment and procedures for future Mars missions. The station is designed to beself-sufficient, with solar panels for power, a greenhouse for food production, and a water treatment system. The crew also wears spacesuits and follows strict protocols to simulate the isolation and limited resources of a Mars mission.Another example is SpaceX's vision for a Mars city. The company plans to use its reusable Starship spacecraft to transport people and cargo to Mars, with the goal of establishing a city of one million people within the next few decades. The city would be powered by solar and wind energy, and would have its own recycling systems for water and air. The city would also be designed to be expandable, with new modules and habitats added over time as the population grows.While a Mars base is still a long way off, the progressbeing made in space technology and exploration is bringing us closer every day. I believe that a Mars base would not only advance our understanding of the universe, but also inspire future generations to explore and push the boundaries of what is possible.中文:火星一直以来都是人类探索的一个迷人目的地。
火星基地介绍英语作文100字
火星基地介绍英语作文100字### 英文回答:The Mars Base, a futuristic human settlement on Mars, stands as a testament to our ambition to explore and expand beyond Earth. This state-of-the-art facility, located in the Syrtis Major Planum region, serves as a hub for scientific research, resource extraction, and potentially, human habitation.The Mars Base is designed to sustain a crew of up tosix astronauts for extended periods, providing them with living quarters, laboratory space, and all necessary amenities. It is equipped with advanced life support systems that generate oxygen, recycle water, and maintain a habitable atmosphere. To minimize reliance on Earth, the base utilizes solar and nuclear power to generateelectricity and heat.The scientific capabilities of the Mars Base areextensive. It houses laboratories dedicated to studying the Martian environment, including its geology, atmosphere, and potential for life. Astronauts conduct experiments and collect samples to better understand the planet's history, present conditions, and future potential.The Mars Base also plays a vital role in resource extraction. It is equipped with equipment to harvest water from the Martian atmosphere, extract minerals from the soil, and produce fuel for future missions. These resources not only sustain the base but also provide valuable assets for future human exploration and settlement.In addition to its scientific and practical functions, the Mars Base holds immense symbolic value. It represents humanity's first permanent foothold beyond Earth and serves as a beacon of hope for a future where humans can live and thrive on multiple planets.### 中文回答:火星基地,一个位于火星上的未来人类定居点,证明了我们探索和扩展地球以外领地的雄心。
飞往火星的价值英语作文
飞往火星的价值英语作文The Value of Flying to Mars.Humanity's quest to explore the unknown has always been a driving force behind our scientific and technological advancements. From the earliest maps drawn by ancient mariners to the latest spacecraft venturing into the depths of space, our desire to push the boundaries of knowledge and understanding has been relentless. Among these grand explorations, the idea of flying to Mars holds a unique and profound value, offering potential benefits that span across scientific discovery, technological advancement, and even human survival.Scientific Discovery.Mars, often referred to as the "Red Planet," is a natural laboratory waiting to be explored. Its atmosphere, geology, and potential for water on its surface provide a unique opportunity to study the formation and evolution ofplanets. By sending probes and eventually humans to Mars,we can gather invaluable data that could help us understand the origins of our own planet and the conditions necessary for life to thrive. This knowledge could revolutionize our understanding of astrobiology, cosmology, and even climate science.Technological Advancement.The technological challenges involved in sending humans to Mars are immense. From developing more efficient and reliable rockets to creating sustainable life support systems for long-duration space travel, the pursuit of Mars exploration will push the boundaries of engineering and technology. These advancements, in turn, will have spin-off benefits for Earth-based technologies, such as improved satellite communications, more efficient energy systems,and even advancements in medicine and materials science.Human Survival and Colonization.Beyond the purely scientific and technological benefits,the potential for human survival and colonization on Mars offers a profound value. As the population of Earth continues to grow and the resources of our planet become increasingly scarce, the idea of establishing a human presence on another planet becomes not just a dream but a necessity. Mars, with its relatively close proximity and potential for supporting life, is a logical first step in this direction. By colonizing Mars, we could ensure the survival of our species in the event of a catastrophic event on Earth, while also expanding our horizons and fulfilling our inherent desire to explore.Cultural and Philosophical Impact.The cultural and philosophical implications of flying to Mars are equally profound. The act of venturing into the unknown, of stepping onto a new world and claiming it as our own, represents a leap forward in our understanding of ourselves and our place in the universe. It challenges our definitions of what is possible and pushes us to reevaluate our understanding of life, death, and the meaning of existence.In conclusion, the value of flying to Mars is immeasurable. It offers the promise of scientific discovery, technological advancement, human survival, and cultural and philosophical growth. As we stand on the cusp of this remarkable journey, it is important to remember that the value of this exploration extends far beyond the Marsitself. It is about the limitless potential it unlocks for human knowledge, understanding, and growth. It is about taking the first step into a future where we are not just limited to Earth but are free to explore and settle thevast reaches of space.。
火星旅行用英语写作业
When it comes to writing an essay in English about a Mars trip,there are several key elements to consider to ensure your writing is engaging,informative,and reflective of the topics complexity.Here is a detailed guide on how to approach this task:1.Introduction:Begin with a hook to grab the readers attention.This could be a thoughtprovoking question,a quote,or an interesting fact about Mars.Introduce the topic of Mars travel and its significance in the context of space exploration.Provide a brief overview of what the essay will cover.2.Background Information:Discuss the history of Mars exploration,including past missions and their findings. Explain the reasons why Mars is a prime target for exploration,such as its proximity to Earth and the possibility of past or present life.3.Current State of Mars Travel:Describe the current technology and spacecraft that are being developed for Mars travel.Discuss the challenges faced in Mars travel,such as the long duration of the journey, the harsh conditions on Mars,and the need for life support systems.4.Technological Advancements:Elaborate on the technological advancements that are making Mars travel more feasible,such as propulsion systems,habitat modules,and insitu resource utilization ISRU.Discuss the role of international collaboration and competition in driving these advancements.5.Potential Benefits of Mars Travel:Explore the potential benefits of establishing a human presence on Mars,such as scientific discovery,technological innovation,and the potential for future colonization. Discuss the economic and political implications of Mars exploration and colonization.6.Ethical and Environmental Considerations:Address the ethical considerations of Mars exploration,such as the potential impact on any existing Martian life and the responsibility of preserving the planets environment. Discuss the environmental challenges of sustaining human life on Mars and the measures that would need to be taken to minimize the ecological footprint.7.Future Prospects:Speculate on the future of Mars travel,including potential timelines for manned missions and the longterm vision for Mars colonization.Discuss the role of public and private entities in shaping the future of Mars exploration.8.Conclusion:Summarize the main points of the essay.Reiterate the significance of Mars travel in the context of human progress and exploration.End with a call to action or a thoughtprovoking statement that encourages further reflection on the topic.9.Citations and References:Ensure that all sources of information are properly cited to maintain academic integrity. Use a consistent citation style throughout the essay,such as APA,MLA,or Chicago.10.Proofreading and Editing:After completing the essay,take the time to proofread and edit for clarity,coherence, and grammatical accuracy.Consider seeking feedback from peers or mentors to improve the quality of your writing.Remember,an essay about Mars travel is not just about the technical aspects its also an opportunity to explore the human spirit of exploration,the potential for scientific discovery,and the ethical considerations that come with venturing into the unknown.。
火星科学实验室EDL系统
Parachute in Wind Tunnel
MSL parachute being tested at AEDC's National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex 80-foot by 120-foot (24.4m by 36.6m) wind tunnel at NASA Ames in California
Alien Army with their Craft
What is curiosity?
“Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind. It makes me get out of bed in the morning and wonder what surprises life will throw at me that day. Curiosity is such a powerful force. Without it, we wouldn‟t be who we are today. When I was younger, I wondered, „Why is the sky blue?‟, „Why do the stars twinkle?‟, „Why am I me?‟, and I still do. I had so many questions, and America is the place where I want to find my answers. Curiosity is the passion that drives us through our everyday lives. We have become explorers and scientists with our need to ask questions and to wonder. Sure, there are many risks and dangers, but despite that, we still continue to wonder and dream and create and hope. We have discovered so much about the world, but still so little. We will never know everything there is to know, but with our burning curiosity, we have learned so much. ” ---------Clara Ma
martian
martianMartian: Exploring the Red PlanetIntroductionThe exploration of Mars, also known as the Red Planet, has fascinated scientists and space enthusiasts for many years. With its potential for past or present life and its similarities to Earth, understanding Mars is essential for expanding our knowledge of our solar system and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. In this document, we will delve into the various aspects of Mars, including its geology, atmosphere, climate, exploration history, and future missions.Geology of MarsMars possesses a dynamic geological history, characterized by its numerous impact craters, volcanic activity, and vast plains. The planet is home to the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, which stands at a towering height of over 13 miles (22 kilometers). The Valles Marineris, a system of canyons stretching over 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers), is another notable geological feature on Mars.One of the most significant geological discoveries on Mars is the presence of water ice. Evidence suggests that Mars once had vast bodies of water, including ancient lakes and rivers. The discovery of these deposits has raised intriguing questions about the potential for life on Mars and the possibility of colonization in the future.Atmosphere and ClimateThe Martian atmosphere is predominantly comprised of carbon dioxide, with traces of nitrogen, argon, and oxygen. It is much thinner than Earth's atmosphere, making the surface of Mars significantly colder. The average temperature on Mars is around -80 degrees Fahrenheit (-62 degrees Celsius), reaching extremes of -195 degrees Fahrenheit (-125 degrees Celsius) during the winter months.The seasonal changes on Mars are driven by its elliptical orbit around the sun, which leads to significant temperature variations. Mars experiences dust storms that can envelop the entire planet, obscuring visibility and potentially posing challenges to future missions.Exploration HistoryHumans have long been captivated by the idea of reaching Mars and exploring its mysteries. The first successful mission to Mars was the Mariner 4 in 1965, which provided the first close-up images of the Martian surface. Since then, numerous space agencies, including NASA, ESA, and Roscosmos, have launched successful missions to Mars, each providing invaluable data and insights into the planet's geology and climate.One of the most groundbreaking missions to Mars was the landing of the Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, in 2004. These rovers revolutionized our understanding of Mars by extensively exploring its surface and gathering data on its geological composition. The most recent addition to Mars exploration is the Perseverance rover, which landed on the planet in February 2021. Equipped with advanced technology, Perseverance aims to search for signs of past microbial life and collect rock samples for a future sample-return mission.Future MissionsThe exploration of Mars is far from over, with several planned missions in the coming years. NASA's Artemis program aimsto send humans back to the moon, serving as a stepping stone for further deep space missions, including Mars. The agency plans to launch the Mars Sample Return mission in collaboration with the European Space Agency, which will bring back rock samples from Mars to Earth for detailed analysis.SpaceX, a private space company led by Elon Musk, has also expressed its ambition to colonize Mars. With its Starship spacecraft, SpaceX hopes to establish a sustainable human presence on the Red Planet in the future. Private initiatives like Mars One have also gained attention for their vision of sending humans on a one-way trip to Mars to establish a permanent settlement.ConclusionMars, the Red Planet, continues to captivate scientists and explorers worldwide with its potential for life and its resemblance to Earth. Through decades of exploration, we have made remarkable discoveries about its geology, climate, and the possibility of past or present existence of water. With plans for future missions and the prospect of human colonization, Mars promises to be a key focus of scientific exploration in the years to come. As our understanding ofMars deepens, we may unlock the secrets of our own origins and the potential for life beyond Earth.。
建造火星基地实验作文英语
建造火星基地实验作文英语Title: Establishing a Martian Base: A Bold Step into the Unknown。
Exploring the concept of establishing a base on Mars is not merely a scientific endeavor but a testament to humanity's unyielding spirit of exploration and innovation. As we venture into the unknown, we embark on a journey that could redefine our understanding of existence and reshape the course of history.The establishment of a Martian base demands meticulous planning, cutting-edge technology, and unwavering determination. From the moment humans set foot on the Red Planet, they will face a myriad of challenges unlike any encountered before. However, it is precisely these challenges that inspire us to push the boundaries of human capability and chart a course toward a future beyond Earth.One of the primary objectives of a Martian base is toensure the survival and well-being of its inhabitants in an inhospitable environment. To achieve this, advanced life support systems must be developed to provide a sustainable source of air, water, and food. Recycling and repurposing resources will be crucial in maintaining self-sufficiency and minimizing reliance on Earth.Additionally, the construction of suitable habitats capable of withstanding the harsh Martian conditions is paramount. These habitats must not only shield against extreme temperatures and radiation but also provide a semblance of comfort and familiarity for the inhabitants. Innovative building materials and construction techniques tailored to the Martian landscape will be essential in this endeavor.Moreover, the success of a Martian base hinges on robust communication and transportation systems. Reliable means of communication with Earth must be established to facilitate ongoing scientific research, coordination of supply missions, and emergency response protocols. Furthermore, the development of efficient and sustainabletransportation methods on Mars will be vital for exploration and resource utilization.In parallel with the logistical and technical aspects, the psychological and social well-being of the Martian colonists cannot be overlooked. Prolonged isolation and confinement in a hostile environment pose significant challenges to mental health and interpersonal dynamics. As such, fostering a sense of community, providing psychological support services, and promoting recreational activities are essential for maintaining morale and cohesion within the Martian base.The establishment of a base on Mars represents not only a scientific milestone but also a testament to human ingenuity and resilience. It symbolizes our innatecuriosity and our relentless pursuit of knowledge and exploration. As we embark on this unprecedented journey, we must remain steadfast in our commitment to overcoming challenges, pushing boundaries, and shaping a future that transcends the confines of our home planet.In conclusion, the construction of a Martian base is a monumental undertaking that requires collective effort, ingenuity, and perseverance. It represents a bold step into the unknown, a testament to our unwavering spirit of exploration and discovery. As we embark on this historic endeavor, we must embrace the challenges ahead with optimism, determination, and a steadfast belief in the boundless potential of humanity.。
太空站英语单词
太空站英语单词English:A space station, also known as an orbital station or an orbital space station, is a spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time. Space stations serve several purposes, including scientific research, international cooperation, and testing technologies for long-duration spaceflight. These facilities typically include living quarters, laboratories, air and water recycling systems, communication equipment, and docking ports for spacecraft. The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest and most well-known space station currently in operation, jointly operated by NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, and CSA. It serves as a platform for scientific research across various fields such as astronomy, biology, physics, and materials science. Additionally, space stations serve as a crucial step towards future exploration missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond, providing valuable insights into the effects of long-duration space travel on the human body and testing technologies necessary for sustainable life support in space environments.中文翻译:太空站,又称轨道站或轨道太空站,是一种能够支持人类在轨道上长时间飞行的航天器。
美国宇航局着陆器合同书
美国宇航局着陆器合同书甲方(委托方):美国宇航局(NASA)乙方(承包方):鉴于甲方需要进行宇航器着陆器的研发、制造和测试,乙方具备相应的技术能力和资源,双方本着平等互利的原则,就着陆器项目达成以下合同条款:1. 项目概述- 甲方委托乙方研发和制造一款用于特定行星或天体的着陆器,该着陆器应满足甲方提出的技术规格和性能要求。
2. 合同范围- 乙方应负责着陆器的设计、开发、制造、测试和交付,以及提供必要的技术支持和培训。
3. 技术规格- 乙方应确保着陆器满足附件A中列出的所有技术规格和性能标准。
4. 合同金额- 双方同意,甲方将支付乙方合同金额为[具体金额]美元,按照合同附件B中规定的付款计划进行支付。
5. 交付时间表- 乙方应按照附件C中规定的交付时间表完成各阶段的工作,并交付最终产品。
6. 质量保证- 乙方应提供质量保证,确保着陆器在设计、制造和测试过程中符合甲方的要求。
7. 知识产权- 乙方应保证其提供的设计、技术、工艺和材料不侵犯任何第三方的知识产权。
所有因本合同产生的知识产权归甲方所有。
8. 保密协议- 乙方应对在合同执行过程中获得的所有信息保密,未经甲方书面同意,不得向任何第三方披露。
9. 违约责任- 如乙方未能按照合同规定的时间、规格或质量要求完成工作,应承担相应的违约责任。
10. 合同变更和终止- 任何合同的变更或终止必须由双方协商一致,并以书面形式确认。
11. 争议解决- 双方应通过友好协商解决合同执行过程中出现的任何争议。
如协商不成,可提交至甲方所在地的有管辖权的法院进行解决。
12. 附加条款- 双方可根据项目需要,协商一致后在本合同中加入附加条款。
本合同一式两份,甲乙双方各执一份,自双方授权代表签字盖章之日起生效。
甲方代表:_________________ 日期:____年__月__日乙方代表:_________________ 日期:____年__月__日[注:以上内容为示例文本,具体合同条款需根据实际情况制定,并由专业法律顾问审核。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
探测器/采样返回任务总体概述本文件概述了选择火星着陆点的标准。
它是由M. Drake主持的MRSR工作组小组委员会得出的。
由于缺少有关此次任务的细节,有必要陈述一些标准所基于的前提条件。
前提条件包括科学、登陆车和探测器的问题。
该标准采用通用术语。
当任务的描述更具体时,标准也会发展并变得更具体。
如果证实任何前题条件不正确,则可能需要重新考虑标准。
科学问题科学前提前提1:作为火星计划的一部分,将至少有两个样本返回任务。
第二个任务将是第一个任务失败的备用任务。
前提二:任务在一些节点上进行定义。
目前有几个未知数。
目前还不知道每次任务是否会有一个或两个登陆车,也不知道登陆车或探测器的性能。
这些不确定性在明确后可能会影响登陆点选择标准。
假设任务满足在随后的登陆点选择标准中定义的科学目标(见3.2.2节)。
前提三:登陆点的选择标准将逐渐发展。
阿波罗月球登陆经验表明,随着科学和工程数据的获得,任务目标更加雄心勃勃。
前提四:在得到火星观察者(MO)号探测器的数据后将确定更好的候选登陆点。
火星观察者(MO)号探测器的数据将提高科学家判断一个登陆点是否符合科学与工程标准的能力。
前提五:采用科学的标准来选择最初的候选登陆点。
如可接近性、通过能力、以及登陆能力这样的工程标准将被用作可比较的几个有利的科学登陆点的判断依据。
科学目标重要的是要知道火星上的时间和自然情况,如大气排气情况、核心构成,地壳构成,侵蚀情况,沉积情况,有机构成等。
这些知识对于全面了解作为一颗行星及一个可能存在生命形态的火星的起源与演变过程至关重要。
通过有效的取样方案可以了解这个顺序和系统的知识。
表述年龄、成分、形态及来源方面的主要地质特征的研究工作可分为三大类,每一类都有科学价值。
●行星火成岩分化和地壳的构成。
样品应包括主要地形(古陨石坑的平原,北部平原重铺,塔尔西斯高原)处的未风化的火山岩和远古的坑洞高地的未风化的火成岩,用于确定放射年代、化学成分和矿物测定。
●水及其它挥发物对表面化学物质和形态及气候的影响。
样品应包括河流、风及湖泊发源地的沉淀物及被风化的火成岩。
此外,还要采集地下冰和大气中的气体样品。
还要采集可以提供放射年龄判断依据的区域的样品,可以通过交叉火山岩层或通过辐射校正来判断火山口的年龄。
●生命起源的条件及进化的证据。
样品包括怀疑可能存在利于人类进化的水及有机物地点的沉淀物及可能保留有机化学物地点的沉淀物。
这些材料应来自第1类和第2类样品已经了解其年龄和沉积性质的这些地点。
基于科学考虑形成的标准根据前面的科学目标得出下面关于着陆点选择的优先顺序:●着陆点应提供具有明确来源的样品并确保能够获得主要地质单元的采样。
着陆点的复杂性不等同于不明确的来源。
●所有的着陆点应解决最多的科学问题。
个别站点应解决一组合理的科学问题(开发一个非常有能力而且非常昂贵的登陆车及增加着陆点数量之间的平衡)。
理想的着陆点可以收集以下样品:1.近期的火成岩2.中等年龄的火成岩3.年代久远的火成岩4.水形成的沉淀物5.古老的由于撞击生成的角砾石6.地下冰7.土壤-风化岩石的上层8.黄土-扬尘探测器问题着陆点安全的撞击要求,收集多种类型采样和采集已知种源采样之间的协调能力取决于探测器的机动性。
机动性使得即使探测器着陆在松散的碎片上也可以进行岩石采样;机动性可以让探测器从安全、刺激性少的着陆点移动至地质学感兴趣的地方;而且它允许从一个地质单元移动至另一个地质单元获取样品,从而确保在已知种源获取多种样品。
机动性的价值对于没有获取新鲜岩石的风险评估主要是基于Viking经验。
通过热惯量数据得知这两个Viking点比火星大多数地方有更多的岩石。
然而仅有一些小的岩石在登陆车的到达范围之内,所有拾取及分析小石头的尝试均告失败。
分析的“岩石”是松散碎土块,而不是真正的岩石。
因此,在一个典型的火星着陆点上登陆车采样臂范围内没有岩石的概率很高。
此外,在Viking 1号着陆点出现了几米宽的不稳定材料的漂移。
同样由于VL-1登陆点不是一个典型的稳定结构,我们可以期盼在其它地点漂移范围会更大,为了获得岩石样品可能需要移动几十米。
如果登陆车有某些避免石块的终端制导系统,这个问题可能会更严重。
因此,移动100还是会有中等程度的风险出现没有岩石的情况。
(需要再次强调火星与月球在这方面的巨大差异。
月球上的松散碎片主要为撞击形成的岩石碎片。
大多数岩石碎片的化学及矿物结构未发生改变,所以它们可以代表其原来所在的地质单元。
从而月球上的松散碎片对于推想月球的地质历史而常有用。
火星则非常不同。
火星表面的松散碎片几乎是高度风化,因此提供了很少关于原生岩的化学及矿物学方面的信息。
松散的碎片由于风化形成细粒沉淀,所以它可以埋葬扔到登陆点的任何粗糙的、未风化的撞击碎片。
此外,在Viking登陆车所在地点没有出现基于表面取样期间的内聚力而形成的细碎材料样式的岩石碎片。
因此,火星表面的松散材料对于推想火星地质历史的作用是有限的)。
为确保在一个指定地点可以采集多种类型的岩石也需要机动性。
需要进行这种任务的机动性难以量化。
在地质边界位置的不确定性,通常有几公里。
熔岩流通常跨越几十公里。
为安全起见,椭圆形登陆将可能被完全放置在一个地质单元内。
如果没有地界标的跟踪,椭圆可能会跨越几公里,所以可能需要往返运动几公里从'安全'着陆点按照科学的方法去另一个更加有趣的地点。
因此,为了确保可以对两个地质单元进行采样,需要能够建议从不同的着陆点移动几公里的不同因素。
对于安全地点而言,需要移动几十公里以收集多种多样的地质单元及材料。
为了移动几十公里,探测器在温暖安全的区域应该可以移动的相对快一些。
如前所述,Viking登陆点处比火星的大多数地方的表面更不均匀。
因此,在岩石妨碍移动的范围内,在典型的登陆点需要具有比Viking登陆点的特征更强的机运性。
科学目的不需要在极限地形(例如距骨斜坡)、新鱼的熔岩流(如氨基酸)和沙丘背风坡的移动。
探测器通过能力前提前提1:有某种探测器标准来源于探测器通过能力的考虑有三类可以影响登陆车通过能力的危险:离散、统计和时间变量。
有些危害可能适用于多个类别,很可能在登陆前探测到的课堂上被列明。
离散变量:包括危险分离(例如块)nx的转弯半径(n>2);和远程的线性障碍,如需要较远的探测器运动距离的断面。
统计变量:登陆点不超过无法通行斜坡的临界频率(临界频率=?),(无法通行的斜坡=?);登陆点在临界比(比例1/斜坡),(水平表面1米高处)光滑,避免登陆点的具有很小的跳动的力量。
时间变量:避免已知会出现沙尘暴的登陆点,并避免登陆点所在位置的温度有损任务执行的登陆点。
例如,如果一个目标是利用遥感仪器来选择非冰样本,则登陆点则不能是靠近两极的地方可能会出现霜冻沉积的地方。
抽样策略和验证需要根据探测器上的遥感仪器决定在哪里取样、保留什么样的取样,遥感仪器位于卫星上,以前用于收集遥感数据和探测器仪器上的分析数据。
为采集更多的岩石样本,光谱和光学仪器将提供有关做出该选择的信息。
应作出一切努力采集可以采集到的光谱和各种形态的代表样品。
在某些罕见情况下,决定采集某个样品前,除了需要遥感数据外,还需要获取其它信息。
对于这些情况,最好是有能力在要取样的岩石上放置阿尔法质子X射线光谱仪(APXS)。
虽然这是获得所有取样的APXS数据的理想方法,但这样做被认为是不明智的,因为在样品采集上增加的复杂性和操作时间降低了登陆车的机动性,从而减少达到不同地质单位及获取多种样本的机会。
基于遥感信息、中子光谱仪数据和结合逸出气体分析仪的差分扫描热量仪(DSC/EGA)对于表面材料的分析,只在一些位置进行了松散材料的开沟或取心。
在收集需要返回地球的样品前进行这些分析。
该决定采取从深度和保留样本将主要基于对数码相机/特惠津贴,分析的结果。
这些分析将之前作出的对保留和采集样品返回地球。
对于返回地球的样品不需要做任何分析。
通过分析附近的样品将提供足够的信息来决定是否样本。
调用这一方针来加强简化样品采集过程。
这意味着对于部分正在进行分析、部分被保留以等待分析结果的样品上不必进行“分离”。
一旦已经采集带回地球的样品,并已经将该样品装入探测器的采样保存设备,样品将被保存并最终装入返回地球的Ascent航天器上。
换句话说,在取样点决定是否收集返回地球的样品,而不是在后来的某个时间。
这项政策旨在消除对复杂样品的处理,涉及在探测器上的临时存储和登陆车上的临时存储,这样,保留样品一段时间,等待保留或拒绝的决定。
含义就是说探测器要在每次往返过程中要具有随身携带过多保留采样的能力,在某些特殊情况会找到多余采样的情况(众所周知的恐龙骨)。
一种可能的替代政策是,该探测器将携带多个模块,这些模块适合Ascent飞行器上的样品罐,并可以决定不加载返回地球的某些模块。
探测器每次往返一次,要填满Ascent飞行器上大约三分之一的样本罐中剩余空间。
样品永远不会从Ascent飞行器中卸下。
这项政策有两个目的。
首先是不会由于反复插入和取出样品而造成样本罐损坏。
第二个目的是确保Ascent飞行器在被迫提前离开的情况下也会载有样品。
应使用一台摄影机记录所有采样过程,包括采样前与采样后,以及所有in situ分析的位置。
也应采集所有样品的光谱数据。
单独收集的样品应单独包装并加以标识。
探测器上的遥感技术遥感有两个功能。
第一是帮助探测器导航。
二是通过识别采样车视野内的材料的化学和矿物质差异以及刻画可能影响样品的物理进程来帮助样品的采集。
立体成像分辨率,100米时为10厘米;1米时为0.1厘米。
(这些分辨率为近似分辨率,做为一种指示,说明需要哪些东西)。
为用于导航及远距离大视野观察,相机的安装高度至少应距地面(待定)米。
这一科学要求是为了解释当地的地质学及认识采样及科学书面机会。
多光谱感知能力,波长范围为0.3至25微米空间和光谱分辨率,波长信道数,以及是否需要成像分光计或点分光计均待定。
这项可以可以以不同的方式来完成,如降序的渴望程度。
然而,空间分辨率、光谱分辨率和成像能力如果与其它能力平衡仍然待定。
一台有100多条光谱通道上述立体照相机能够按要求改变通道的数量(多光谱成像)。
上述立体照相机还可增加10条光谱通道,配备一个空间分辨率待定的点光谱仪,与照相机的分辨率相当,拥有至少20纳米(多波段成像加分光计)光谱分辨率。
立体摄像机上没有光谱辨识能力,但独立的点光谱仪加空间分辨率,使得相机可与至少拥有20纳米空间分辨率的照相机相媲美(单色成像加光谱仪)。
光谱仪的光谱分辨率独立点的能力。
需要多光谱能力来辨识周围材料矿物学和化学变化,并初步鉴定变化情况,主要是为了支持探测器往返规划和取样战略。
如前所述,采集样品的决定主要基于光谱数据。