九下9(宾从_定从和状从)(1)
句子结构(宾从,状从,定从)
中考链接（考查引导词）
( C ) 1.—Can you tell me____it is from here to the Summer Palace?
—Let me see. It’s about fifteen minutes’ ride.
A. how long B. How soon C. how far D. how much
3) 请告诉我你刚才去哪里了。 Please tell me where _y_o_u___ _w__e_n_t_ just now?
注意：
2. 当疑问词作宾语从句的主语时，语序不变：
1) What’s wrong? 2) What’s the matter? 3) What’s happening? 4) What happened? 5) Which is the way to the hospital? eg: 1) 我不知道她怎么了？
Home. 7）Although he is poor, he often helps
others. 8）What he says doesn’t suit him. 9）I like the music that I can dance to. 10）He prefers the musicians who are
not flat. 3) This is our first lesson, so I don’t
know all your names. 4) Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 5) We put off the sports meeting, for the
1. 简单句（只有一个主语和谓语）
1）I got an e-mail yesterday. 2）It was from my foreign friend. 3）He often reads English in the
(完整)高中英语主要要掌握三大从句
高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。
分别是：1、定语从句（形容词从句）2、名词词从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）3、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）一、定语从句：定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。
（1）, who, whom, that这些词代替指人，“whom”作宾语指人，“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。
（2），Which 用来指人或物(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略）（3），whose“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）2、关系代词引导的定语从句（1），关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。
（2），关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。
（3），关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。
3、非限制性定语从句它起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。
二、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1、连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略）whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2、连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever3、连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however三、状语从句状语从句（Adverbial Clause）状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。
英语划分句子成分精讲和练习题(1)
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子句子从目的上分：1.陈述句2疑问句1）一般疑问句2）选择疑问句3）反意疑问句4）特殊疑问句5）双重疑问句3．祈使句4．感叹句句子从结构上分：1．简单句2．并列句（并列复合句）3．复合句（主从复合句）1）名词性从句：（1）主从(2) 宾从(3)表从(4)同从2）形容词性从句定从（限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句）3) 副词性从句（状从）【简单句的五种基本句型】五种句子的基本结构：主谓主谓宾主系表主谓双宾语（间宾直宾）主谓复合宾语（宾+ 宾补）主语（subject）: 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing.（动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
宾从,状从,定从1
定语 主语，宾语(宾语可以省略) 主语，宾语(宾语可以省略) 主语，宾语(宾语可以省略) 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语
5、that与 which, who, whom的区别 *必须用that
①先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, none 等不定代词 ②all, any,every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修 饰先行词 ③最高级，序数词修饰先行词 ④the only, the same 等修饰先行词 ⑤主句以who , which 开头 ⑥one, those, all等做先行词
担任句子成分（主、 定、表），从句是特 殊疑问句 同上,做状语
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class. Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
He asked me if /whether I could help him.
than, as…as等 though, Though he is young, he knows although, even a lot. if, however, no matter… 主句 一般将来时 含情态动词 祈使句 过去时态
2、状语 从句 的时态
从句 一般现在时
过去的某种时态
三、定语从句
1、概念:修饰某一名词或代词的从句，起形容词作用。 先行词 限定性定语从句(无逗号)
2、分类
非限定性定语从句（有逗号） 3、由关系代词或关系副词引导
4、(可以省略)
关系代词
关系副词
whose that which as when where why
句子结构宾从状从定从
1. 简单句（只有一个主语和谓语）
1）I got an e-mail yesterday. 2）It was from my foreign friend. 3）He often reads English in the
morning. 4）Tom and Mike are American boys. 5）She likes drawing and swimming. 6）My parents gave me some advice. 7）Mary heard a bird singing in the tree. 8）I found a little boy standing in front
复合句
• 3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t
there?
简单句
• 4. He is in Class One and I am in
Class Two.
并列句
• 5. He was fond of drawing when
he was yet a child. 复合句
pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 5) The boy went on to help his mother after he finished his homework.
6）If I am free, I’ll visit the Old People’s
中考复习之 句子结构
句子
句子 成分
句子 结构
句子 种类
句子成分 主语:行为主体，句子描述的主体 谓语: 主语发出的动作 宾语: 动作的承受者
表语:表示主语“是什么”“怎么样” 状语:时间、地点、原因等 定语:用来修饰名词、代词
三大从句区别(定从-名词从-状从)
if,
以where为例
This is where Lu Xun once lived. 名词性从句，where做状语
I know the place where I was born. 定语从句中，where做状语
3、引导状语从句的连接词
1）时间状语从句：常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：（the minute, the moment, the
second, the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
5） 结果状语从句： 常用引导词：so … that, such … that,
6）条件状语从句：常用引导词：if, unless, as/so long as（只要）, only if
7）让步状语从句：常用引导词： though,although, even if, even though as(倒装），while ( 一般用在句首 )， no matter+疑问词，疑问词+ever（如 whoever)
3. I met some foreigners yesterday, two of whom are from the USA. ____定__语__从__句_.
4. The news that he told me was not true. _____定__语__从__句______.
初中 英语 从句讲解
专项复习九状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句出题人：胡艳丽审题人：李原使用时间：4月15日一、状语从句：条件状语从句：If + 从句(一般现在时)，主句( 一般将来时;祈使句;含有情态动词)1. The children will climb the mountain if it doesn’t rain. (从句一般现在时, 主句一般将来时)2. Call me if he comes. (从句一般现在时,主句祈使句)3. You can make a lot of progress if you work hard. (从句一般现在时, 主句含有情态动词)链接: 其它相关的从句，一般由以下词引导: as soon as, not…until, unless, before, after, when, …(主从句时态同上)As soon as he arrives in Paris, he will give you a ring.You won’t pass the final exam unless you work hard.Don’t leave until the rain stops.You can go skating after you finish doing the work.主句如果是过去时, 从句也要是过去的时态(根据语境选用相应的某一种时态)He was chatting with his friends when I saw him.The thief ran away as soon as he saw the police.When I got to the station, the train had left.注意（强调）：主句与从句时态一致的问题。
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况：1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
英语六大从句
从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类.前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句；后两类定语从句和状语从句功用相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句.状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句.1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句.引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等.2.表语从句 Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样.3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.第一部分一.、定义：宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语.二、学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态.连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which 指事）,who 指人）1．从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连.2．从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether.在whether…or not结构中不能用if替换. 3．从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词.★当who为主语时,句式为：who+谓语+其他判断时态情况：1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时3.主句是一般将来时,一般从句为一般现在时 “主将从现”）例题：〈1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿B＿＿round.A. wasB. isC. wereD. are 答案为B,属于第二种情况.宾语从句,在复合句中作宾语,位于及物动词后；Tell him which class you are in ．(1)主、从句时态一致：主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时；He answered that he was listening to me.主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需；He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时；He told me that he was born in 1980.2）否定前移,及完成反意问句；在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,应转移到主句上去,完成反意疑问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致.（注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称）I don't think you are right ,are you ?3）在表示建议suggest , advise要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose；决定decide; 命令order、command; 坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句,用 should）+v． 虚拟语气）eg．I suggested that you should）study hard．4）如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．5）宾语从句that常可省略,但在以下情况下不能省略A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略. eg．I believe that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter．B．当it作形式宾语时eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．C．当宾语从句前置时eg．That our team will win,I believe．三、分类A 、作动词的宾语:eg．I heard the newsI 主语heard 谓语动词the news.名词作宾语I主语heard 谓语动词that he would come here later on.一个句子作宾语---宾语从句B 、作介词的宾语:eg．He said nothing about this plan .He主语said 谓语动词nothing 代词作动词的宾语about 介词the plan. 名词作介词的宾语四、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成:带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起.连接词有：that(可省略),what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.五、注意：A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序.False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面.Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句.Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.D False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.4.同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：与先行词同位或等同的从句叫作同位语从句.其关联词多为that.5.定语从句 Attributive Clause）：用作定语的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名 代）词之后,这种名 代）词就叫作先行词 Antecedent）.引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词(或称引导词、关系词等）.关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中用作状语.①引导定语从句的关联词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why 和which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.例句：The dog that/which was lost has been found. 失踪的狗已经找到了.）③as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.例句：Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 你描述的那一类人现在很少了.）④介词+which/whom/whose从句The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch. 她就是从那个司机的房间偷了金表的.）⑤代/名+介词+which 从句He is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.（ 他需要一本书,但是我不知道书名.）⑥同位语从句和定语从句The news that you told me was really exciting. 你告诉我的好个消息真的是很激动人心.）⑦难句:NO.1He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 他是被选为代表该团队的人中一员.）第二部分一、时态1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态.2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态.3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时.二、宾语从句的几类连接词：①从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.例句：I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.②连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.例句：Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?③连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句：He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.三、动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.★部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句例句：I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.★动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有：make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记例句：Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.四、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.例句：I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.例句：I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替例句：We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.五、介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.★用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句例句：I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.六、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised例句：I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.七、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下.⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.八、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;8.当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;9.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;10.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;11.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.九、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.例句：I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.★如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.例句：We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?十、宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时,细分为一下几种情况：①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生例句：I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前例句：He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后例句：The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.★如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化例句：The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.★当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首例句：Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.同位语从句用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来 下面这个材料供参考）：一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如：I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里.二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words消息）,possibility等.如：I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等.（ 注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句.）如：l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来.四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别.1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如：The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的.同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.）The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.）2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如：The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.that在从句中不充当任何成份.）一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.1) 非独立的同位语：常出现在被限定词前Bruce Lee (姓名) 李小龙Graf Schmidt (称号,浑名) 施密特伯爵Doktor Wang (职称,头衔) 王博士Uncel Liu (亲戚的称呼) 刘叔叔die Stadt Shanghai (类属名称) 上海市the Province Hebei (类属名称) 河北省das Jahr 2000 (类属名称) 2000 年three Kilo tomato (度量名称) 三公斤西红柿the University Bremen (专有名词) 不来梅大学。
定、状、宾从句讲解
初中定语从句讲解及练习一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why* 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句* 1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.* 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(2) The man (who/whom )you met just now is my friend.* 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)* 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)(2) Where is the man （that/whom ）I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)* 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.* 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：* 1）当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。
初中宾从，定从，状从三大从句综合练习答案及解析
三大从句综合练习1,Nowadays,teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurant, eating doesn't take much time.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where答案D解析：此题考查定语从句的关系副词。
引导词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用where,故选D。
2,-----1can hardly believe my eyes.Is that you,Lucy?-----Yes.It has been almost20years,we were together.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.until答案A解析:考查连词。
在现在完成时中,since指自从…，引导时间点，故选A。
3,-----1heard that you got a new pen pal.I wonder.-----France.A.where does he come fromB.where is he fromC.where he come fromD.where he comes from答案D解析：宾语从句用陈述句语序。
4,-----How do you like the popular documentary"A Bite of China"（《舌尖上的中国》）？一Excellent!You won't realize how wonderful our Chinese food is_you watch it.A.whenB.asC.afterD.until答案D解析:考查连词。
not...unti招直到...才，故选D。
注:［知识点］语言知识运用＞复合句〉状语从句〉时间状语从句5,-----You seemed very familiar with the factory.---Of course.The factory we visited yesterday was the one|once worked.A.where;whichB.which;whichC.which;whereD.that;that答案C解析:考查定语从句。
初高中英语衔接之复合句(宾从、状从、定从)
初高中英语衔接之复合句（宾从、状从、定从）宾语从句考点集汇，讲解和训练一. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don’t know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
中考复习——宾语从句与状语从句
2．考例： 1）我一到美国就给你打电话。（北京市 海淀区） I'll ring you up __ soon as I get to __ as America． 2）昨天直到雨停了，孩子们才离开学校。 （同上） The children didn’t leave school ___ ______ till the rain stopped yesterday．
一、对时间状语从句的考查 引导时间状语从句的连词有：while, when, as, as soon as, until, not…until, before, after, since, etc． 要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法， 还有它们之间的一些区别。
when，while的区别： ①二者均可表示“当……的时候”，如 果主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句 表示的是一段时间，二者可通用。如： I met Kang Li when／while I was walking along the street．当我沿街散
2）because不能与并列连词so，though ／ although不能与but同时在句中使用。如 She was late for school because she missed the bus． =She missed the bus，so she was late for school． It's not cheap，but it's very good． = Though it's not cheap，it's very good．
A. very difficult B. too difficult
C. difficult enough
D. so difficult
定语从句(1)
5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 简单句 6.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a简tr单ee句. 7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he 并do列so句. 8.He was fond of drawing when he was复ye合t a句child. 9.What he said at the meeting is very im复po合rt句ant. 10.The boy who offered me his seat is ca复lle合d 句Tom.
I
want
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meet.
③Do you still r emember the chicken
(that/which)
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we
visited three months ago?
2019/11/14
三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不 定代词时。 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? All that can be done has been done.
2．高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查 常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while 以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句 的连接词、关联词。
主从复合句(名词性,状从,定从)综述
who-whoever what-whatever which-whichever…
1._W__h_o__ will go to the energy conference is unknown. W__h_o_e_v_e_rbehaves dishonestly will deserve a bad return.
5.w_h__atmatters most in learning English is enough practice.
6.w_h__athe referred to in his article was unknown to general readers.
7. The traditional view is ___ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. that
moon spread all over the world.
同位语从句
About “that”
“无实意”——连接作用
eg. That he would come surprised us.
We knew(that)he would come.
**只有在“宾语从句”中，它能省略， 但以下2种情况的宾语从句不可省： 1)He made it clear that he would come. 2)He told us (that)) he would come and
_W__h_a_t_e_v_e_r_ he had was seized by the Japanese soldiers. 主从
判断状从和名从(主,表,宾从)的依据:主句是否完整.
连接词的使用判定
英语学习基本句到复杂句(定语从句,状语从句,宾语从句)1
简单句和复合句一、从简单词到复合句主语句子充当主语主语从句宾语句子充当宾语宾语从句句词性从句表语句子充当表语表语从句同位语句子充当同位语同位语从句三大类根本从句定语句子充当定语定语从句状语句子充当状语状语从句Example:技术类型：1. I really need to learn how to concentrate/focus on one thing at a time to improve the efficiency of the workThe goal of the code change on PE load line was that there is no code change in the CI package built.2. Assuming that MSRN keeps unchanged as long as it stays in the same VLR area, a copy of MSRN can be held on HLR and only needs to be updated when the UE moves to a new VLR area.3. Calls that were still in the alerting state or on hold were not transferred. Calls where the subscriber was the controller of a conference call may still be transferred per the 3GPP procedures, however, the fact that the subscriber may be the controller for a conference was not known to the MSC, so the decision to allow such a call to be transferred would be up to the SCC AS.4. Upon receipt of a SIP INFO, if the body has the Content-Type header containing‘application/vnd.3gpp.state-and-event-info+xml’ and a XML body compliant to the XML schema specified in the TS 24.237 Section D.2 with the state-info XML element containing ‘early’ and direction XML element containing ‘initiator’, the WCS shall perform the followings.5. She didn’t realize the fact.〔The girl who was taken care of by her grandmother〕I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
九年级英语二轮复习：专题复习七 从句鲁教版
九年级英语二轮复习：专题复习七从句鲁教版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：专题复习七从句（一）宾语从句（二）状语从句（三）定语从句二、知识总结与归纳（一）宾语从句1、宾语从句的概念如果宾语部分是由一个句子充当，则被称为宾语从句。
我们以前学过的间接引语实质上就是宾语从句。
2、宾语从句的三要素——引导词、语序、时态(1)引导词：宾语从句是陈述句时，引导词用that；宾语从句是一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether；宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，直接用特殊疑问词做引导词，后面变为陈述词序，如who,what, why,where,whose等。
（2）语序：不管什么类型的宾语从句，总是用陈述句语序。
即：从句的引导词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序。
当引导词作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。
（3）时态：主句和从句的时态必须保持一致。
即主句为一般现在时，从句可根据需要选择各种时态，即主现从任意，如果主句是一般过去时，从句只能用过去的某种时态即主过从过去。
可简单总结为：宾语从句三件事，时态语序引导词；主从时态要一致，陈述语序才合适；一般问句做从句，引导词if别忘记；特殊问句做宾从，特殊问词莫漏掉。
[提醒]A. 正确运用引导词1) 当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时，引导词为that (that在口语或非正式文体中可以省略)。
下列动词后面常跟that 引导的宾语从句：say, think, hope, hear, feel, decide, agree, mean, remember, wish等“be+形容词”结构后也常接that引导的宾语从句，如be加afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sure, surprised, thankful, worried等。
2) 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，引导词由原来的疑问代词或疑问副词充当。
3) 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转变而来时，引导词为whether或if。
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宾语从句,状语从句和定语从句1.(2009 北京)I _____- the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow.A. will returnB. returnedC. have returnedD. return2.（2009北京）Do you know ______ now ?-------In the People’s HotelA. where is Tom workingB. where did Tom workC. where Tom is workingD. where Tom worked3. (2009 天津) Can you guess ______ the MP4 player yesterday?------Sorry, I’ve no idea about itA. how much did he pay forB. how can he getC. how much he paid forD. how he has got4. (2008重庆)There is a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know _____it is /A. whatB. whoC. whoseD. whom5. (2009四川乐山) I wonder ______ without water .-----about a week .A. how long man can liveB. how long can man liveC. when man can liveD. when can man live6. (2010 辽宁) Do you like music _____ makes you excited?A. that B, what C. who D. it7 (2010长春) Could you tell me _____/A. where can I park the carB. what are you looking forC. how do you send an e-mailD. who saved my daughter8（2007 长春）All the children like the teachers _____ can understand them.A. whoB. which C,. what D. whom9.（2008 哈尔滨）Without friendship, one can’t be happy although he is rich enough . As for me , I will never forget the days ____ I spent with my dearest friend .A. thatB. whenC. who10. (2010 哈尔滨) The summer holiday is coming . Have you decided_______？----I’m planning to go to Hawaii, the most wonderful place for water sport.A. when you’re going to enjoy itB. how often are you going to enjoy itC. where you’re going to enjoy it11.(2008 福州) Did Mr White tell you ____?-----Yes . he said he went there in 2003.A. when he traveled to TibetB. how he goes to WuhanC. where he spent his holidaysD. why did he visit Kunming12 (2007 江苏) Could you tell me ____?-----By undergroundA. how did you come hereB. how you came hereC. when did you come hereD. when you came here13.（2007 山东）Excuse me . Could you tell me ___later on?----- wait a minute .It is coming in ten minutes .A. if the next train arrivesB. if the next train will arriveC, when the next train arrives D. when will the next train arrive14.（2007 济南）he asked me ______-.A if she will come B. how many books I want to haveC. they would help us do it D what was wrong with me15. （2007济南）He doesn’t tell me when he ____, I’ll telephone you as soon as he _____.A. will come, comesB. will come , will comeC. comes, will comeD. comes, comes16 (2007江苏) Do you know __? - he has gone to the museum.A..where he livesB. where he isC. how he is getting onD. what’s wrong with him17 （2007长沙）What did your teacher say just now?-------he asked me ____ this morning.A. how did Tom come to school B when Tom got to school C. why was Tom late for school18. (2007湖北)Excuse me ,Could you tell me ______？---- There is a bank on the second floor. You can make it there.A.where I can change moneyB. how I can get to the bankC. if there’s a bank near hereD. where the bank is .19 (2007宁波) What did you say to your mother just now?----- I asked her ____ she cooked for dinner.A. thatB. ifC. howD. what20 (2009 南昌)Have you found the information about famous people ____ you can use for the report?---- Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whom21 (2008南昌)Do you remember ____ he came here?----- Of course I do .His father drove him here.A. whetherB. whenC. howD. why22.(2007 山西)I wonder_____.--------once a year.A. how long you have studied EnglishB. how often your school sports meeting is heldC. how many times your school has held Art Festival23 (2007 山西) Did you know _____ at the bus stop ?Maybe their teacher.A. who are they waiting forB. whom they are waiting forC. whom they were waiting for24(2009内蒙古) my favorite place is Kunming ______ is known as the Spring City.A. whichB. whoC. what D, whom25 (2007兰州) I like places _____ it’s not cold in winter .A, those B. which C where D. this26 (2006 辽宁) Little Kate went to school _____ it rained heavily yesterday.A. thoughB. ifC. butD. since27(2007 安徽)Will you come to the dinner party?-----I won’t come unless Jenny____.A. will be invitedB. can be invitedC. invitedD. is invited28 (2007 黄冈) He was ______ tired _____ he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.---- Oh , we can go out and let him have a good rest.A. too,toB. so, thatC. enough , toD. such, that29 (2006 浙江) I hear a new film is on these days. Shall we go to the cinema together ,lucy and Lily?-----______Lily _____ I will go with you because one of us must be at home to help our father.A. Either, norB. Either, orC. Neither, norD. Both, and30 (2006 重庆) My grandma didn’t go to sleep _____ I got back home.A. whereB. untilC. as soon asD. while31. We’ll go boating if it will be fine tomorrow.A B C D __________32. I’ll call you as soon as I am going to reach Beijing next year.A B C D _____________考点.非谓语动词1.Don’t keep me __________(wait) for a long time.2. Can you finish ___________(read) the book in three days?3. The doctor was busy ____________(work) in the hospital.4.Stop _____(talk) and listen to me carefully.5. Thank you very much for ______(help) us.6. Granny is very ill and she doesn’t feel like ___________(eat) anything.7. The girl enjoys ___________(listen) to light music.8. Do you remember ___________(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13th birthday?9.She didn't mind _______overtime.(work)10.She will go out instead of ______ (stay) at home.11.The boy is old enough ________ (dress) himself.12.She is too ill ________ (go) to school.13.I saw him ________ (cross) the road safely and ________ (run) away.14.You can’t make him ________ (do) what you want.15.What makes you ________ (think) I’m a farmer? 16. What about ______(go) out for a walk?17.It is better ________ (put) your money in a bank.18..It is difficult for the boy ________ (swim) across the river.19.Will you help me ________ (move) the bed?用所给词的适当时态形式填空1. We ________(watch) TV at seven o’clock yesterday evening.2 When I saw him , he ________ (wait) for the bus.3.While the girl ________(walk) down the street , the UFO landed.4. I __________(work) here since I _______(move) here in 1999.5. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.6. By the time he was ten, the boy ________(learn)English and French.7. ______ you ____(see) the film yet? Yes, I _______(see) it last week.8. Don’t worry! I’m in good (health).9. She has been (skate) since two hours ago.10. I’m very (interest) in music. It can make me relaxed.11. June 1st is (child) Day.12. By the time I got there, the bus ___________(already leave)13. In the last few years, great changes __________(发生).首字母填空Dear Tom,How was your day o_________? Did you have fun camping ? I didn’t have a fun day. I visited my cousins. It rained all day. In the morning, I stayed in the house and watched DVDs, played computer games and r________. In the afternoon, Uncle Martin p__________ some of his old things out in the yard and had a yard s_______! However, no one came because the weather was so bad. Luckily ,we b_________ our u__________ and raincoats, so we didn’t get w________. See you soon, Nick.1. The shop is （关门）at this time of day.2. The river is rising and his hometown is in （危险）.3. （幸运）, he has passed the English exam.4. We’ll never forget the （极好的）trip.5. You must have a rest and （喝）lots of water.6. Don’t keep us （等候）so long.7. All of us were （惊讶）at what he said.8. Tom will go back to England after he finishes （旅行）to China.9. Computers are very （有帮助的）.10. Her mother likes to put some little （礼物）on her desk.11. He is rich and （拥有）three cars.12. Modern planes can （容易地）get us over a long distance in a few hours.13. This is his （九十）birthday. He’s very happy.14. Do you know what your （父母亲）favorite foods and colors are?15. Disneyland is called the （最令人激动的）place for children.16. Cathy often goes （滑冰）with her friends in winter.17. Here is a （死的）mouse. Was it killed by your cat?18. The policemen all said that their （妻子）helped them a lot.19. The plane landed （安全地）in Chengdu.20. My uncle lives in a house next to （我们的）.21. Last week our school （举行）a sports meeting.22. The little boy is too young to look after （他自己）.23. The more you do sports, the stronger and （健康）you will be.24. We have some problem （到达）to the top of the mountain.25. He said he felt （真正地）sorry about what he did.26. He is too old to （照看）himself.27. There will be （较少的）trees in the future.28. The old man lives in the house （单独地）.29. We can （穿衣）casually on weekends.30. It’s （可能的）to get there by noon.31. （人类）can’t live without water or air.32. —Would you mind （寄、发送）me some photos?—Not at all.33. Can I take a （消息）for you? 34. They made a （决定）to take a vacation.35. There are （千）of tourists in the city today.Mr Johnson was having trouble with his stomach , __1__ he went to see a doctor. The doctor ___2__ his stomach carefully but couldn’t find any problem. Then he said, “Well, Mr Johnson, take it easy. There is __3__ serious(严重). Stop smoking and then you will be all right very __4__.”“But doctor,” answered Mr Johnson, “I___5__. I don’t like smoking at all.”“ Oh, I see,” said the doctor,” then stop drinking wine(酒) __6__.”“ But I don’t drink wine,” answered Mr Johnson.“ Don’t drink __7__ tea or coffee then,” the doctor said to him.“ I __8__ drink water,” answered Mr Johnson, “I don’t like tea or coffee.”The doctor __9__ for a while and then said,” Well, what do you like to eat then?”“ Potatoes! I like potatoes very much..” Mr Johnson answered at once.“All right, Then stop __10___ potatoes.” Said the doctor as he got up to say goodbye to Mr Johnson.( )1. A. so B. but C. or D. for( )2. A. look for B. look at C. look over D. look after( )3. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything( )4. A. early B. soon C. late D. much( )5. A. often smoked B. never smokedC. always smokedD. usually smoked( )6. A. from now on B. From then on C. until now D. until today( )7. A. any B. many C. some D. a few( )8. A. never B. only C. don’t D. hardly( )9. A. thinks B. thought C. is thinking D. think( )10. A. cutting B. buying C. washing D. eating。