北航研究生新阶英语视听说Part2资料整理

Unit 1Winner or LoserPart II Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part, you will hear two passages and one interview about winners and losers. Listen to each passage and the interview carefully and do the tasks as required.Passage 1 Born to WinEach human being is born as something new, something that has never existed before. Each is born with the capacity to win at life. Each has a unique way of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and thinking. Each has his or her own unique potentials—capabilities and limitations. Each can be a significant, thinking, aware, and creative being—a productive person, a winner.The words ―winner‖ and ―loser‖ have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of society.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking or to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and they don’t pretend to have all the answers. Th ey listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play ―helpless‖, nor do they play th e blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives. They don’t give others a false authority over them. Winners are their own bosses and they know it.A winner’s timing is right. Winners respond appropriately to the situation. Their r esponses are related to the message sent and they preserve the significance, worth, well-being, and dignity of the people involved. Winners know that for everything there is a season and for every activity a time.Although winners can freely enjoy themselves, they can also postpone enjoyment, and can discipline themselves in the present to enhance their enjoyment in the future. Winners are not afraid to go after what they want, but they do so in proper ways. Winners do not get their security by controlling others. They do not set themselves up to lose.A winner cares about the world and its people. He or she is not isolated from the general problems of society, but is concerned, compassionate, and committed to improving the quality of life. Even in the face of national and international adversity, a winner’s self-image is not one of a powerless individual. A winner works to make the world a better place.Task 1Listen to the passage once and choose the best answer to each question you have heard.1) Why does the speaker say ―e ach is born with the capacity to win at life‖?2) What is a winner according to the speaker?3) What does a winner NOT do?4) What is the attitude of winners towards enjoyment?5) What can we infer from the passage?1) d 2) c 3) c 4) a 5) aInterview Miss America 2006Kate: So I don't know if you all stayed up last night late, but we have a new Miss America this morning. She is a 22-year-old aspiring teacher. She was crowned in Las Vegas,first time the pageant was ever held outside of Atlantic City, New Jersey, and here is alook at the winning moment.Host: Miss America 2006 is Miss Oklahoma, Jennifer Berry.Kate:Miss Oklahoma, and guess what? Joining us now from Las Vegas, the new Miss America, Jennifer Berry, of Oklahoma. Good morning to you, congratulations. Jennifer: Good morning, Kate, thank you so much.Kate: That crown looks very nice sitting up there on top of your head.Jennifer: Well, thank you, I don't mind wearing it.Kate: It kind of looks that you can't move your head though, or it might fall off.Jennifer: Ha ha ha. . . , a little bit, a little bit, it's a little unsturdy right now.Kate: I was reading that you and your sister used to actually pretend that you were Miss America, that you'd won the pageant, so the moment last night must have beensort of surreal for you.Jennifer: Very surreal, when we were little, we used to watch the pageant as a family, and um, my sister and I would, would go into the utility room with our heels on, and she wasthe emcee, and I'd always get to be Miss America, so it, it's very much a dream cometrue, and it still quite hasn't sunken in yet.Kate: You always got to be Miss America, your sister never got to be?Jennifer: Oh yes, she's never gonna live that down, she is like, she is like a great older sister. Kate: Especially not now, and tell us a little bit about your platform, I know that you have a plan to really try to help with drunk-driving.Jennifer: Correct, my platform is building intolerance to drunk-driving and underage drinking, and I've worked for 5 years, in the state of Oklahoma, to diminish alcohol-relatedfatalities and diminish underage drinking, so now I'll be able to take that beyond theborders of Oklahoma on a national level, ur, because people are still dying every singleday from alcohol related fatalities, and it's just not necessary, and we need moreeducation regarding that.Kate: Absolutely, I have to ask you about the, the venue, because this was the first time it was ever held this pageant outside of Atlantic City. What did you think of Las Vegas? Jennifer: It was fabulous. I've actually been to Atlantic City for ur… 3 years. I attended the Miss America pageant as a member of the audience and so I was able to see the venue there.Coming to Vegas has just been incredible; they have opened their arms to us, openedtheir hearts to us, and, just, it's been an incredible experience. I think it was a great stepforward for the Miss America Organization and we… began a new tradition right here lastnight.Kate: Do you think that you had enough people watching last night? There has been so much talk about the moves over to Country Music Television broadcasting the event whetherpeople are still interested, whether the pageant is still relevant?Jennifer: Oh, I definitely think it's still relevant. We've had more promotion for this year's Miss America pageant than we have had in years, and I've had strangers come up andtell me how much promotion they've seen, how much marketing they have seen. CMThas done a wonderful job with the pageant, I think it was the best union, the bestdecision that we could have made, for the organization, and we're definitely on our wayup from now on now.Kate: Well, Jennifer Berry, Miss Oklahoma, and now, Miss America, congratulations again, thanks so much for being with us.Jennifer: Thank you, Kate, thanks for having me.Task 1Listen to the interview once and choose the best answer to each question you have heard.1）Where was Miss America Pageant 2006 held?2）What is NOT true?3）What do you know about Jennifer’s platform from the interview?4）What does Jennifer Berry think of Las Vegas?5）What is the interview mainly about?1) b 2) c 3) d 4) a 5) dUnit 2AnimalsPart II Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 Chicken DelightNancy and I theorized that the chicken had escaped from a live-poultry market about four blocks away and was on the run. Our hearts went out to the brave little refugee. We had to save it.Of course we knew nothing about raising chickens. For starters, we didn’t know whether our chicken was male or female. Moreover, what do chickens eat?A colleague put me in touch with a farmer, Steve. He poured balm over my many and various anxieties. ―Chickens will eat just about anything,‖ he said. Cold would not kill them off. ―They just fluff their feathers,‖ Steve told me. And if there are no predators, there’s really no need for a coop.Chickens were beginning to sound like the ideal pet.The chicken took to its new surroundings easily. Its main social task was to integrate into the local cat society-- a group of about five strays we feed. How would the two species deal with each other?One morning I looked out the window and saw four cats lined up at their food bowls, and, right in the middle, eating cat food with gusto, was the chicken. Occasionally it would push a cat aside to get a better position.The cats, for their part, regarded the chicken warily. To the extent that it was a bird, it was prey. But big prey. From time to time they would stalk, press their bodies to the ground, swish their tails and give every sign of going for the kill. Then they would register the chicken’s size and become gripped by second thoughts. A face-saving, halfhearted lunge would follow.The two sides soon achieved parity. Sometimes I’d look out back and see a cat chasing the chicken.Ten minutes later I’d see the chicken chasing a cat. I like to think they reached the plane of mutual respect. Perhaps affection.Although it was nice to know the chicken could eat anything, cat food didn’t seem right. When the pet store staff couldn’t help, I did what any mature adult male would do in a crisis. I called my mother.Mom drove to the local feed store in La Porte, Texas, and picked up a 25-pound bag of scratch grains. She began shipping the grain in installments. The chicken seemed to appreciate the feed, and I certainly preferred seeing it eat grain.Our care paid off. One morning, Nancy spied an egg on the patio. At the base of the pine tree, where the chicken slept, was a nest containing four more eggs. They were small, but this was it. The blessed event.Soon we could count on five or six eggs a week.After I wrote about the chicken in the New York Times, my mailbag was bursting with letters offering advice on the proper care and feeding of chickens. Disturbed that she did not have a name, fans wrote with suggestions. Vivian has a certain sultry appeal; Henrietta seemed cute.Task 1Listen to the passage once and choose the best answer to each question you have heard.1)Who relieved the writer’s anxieties about raising the chicken at the beginning?2) What is NOT true according to the passage?3) Why did the cats line up at their food bowls one morning?4) How did the writer’s mother send the scratch grains to him?5)Which name for the chicken sounds cute according to the passage?1) c 2) a 3) c 4) c 5) dPassage 3 Can Animals Think?Could species less closely related to man also have a capacity for symbolic communication? In a Honolulu pool, two female dolphins offer a partial answer. ―Let’s try a tandem creative,‖ commands Louis Herman, founder and director of the University of Hawaii’s Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory. Two graduate students, at opposite ends of the 50-foot tank, communicate this message to the animals.First, by holding a finger high in the air, the humans ask the dolphins to pay attention. Then they tap index fingers together, the gesture meaning tandem. Next they throw their arms up in an expansive gesture that signifies creative. The dolphins have just been told, ―Do something creative together.‖The animals submerge in the six-foot-deep water before plunging back into the pool. The trainers applaud, and their flippered pupils squeak with pleasure.The dolphins understand even more complex sign-language commands. They comprehend both the meanings of the words and how word order changes meanings. They also seem to retain a mental image of an object whether they are still looking at it or not. Thus, dolphins can accurately report whether a ball or hoop is in the pool by touching their snouts to YES and NO paddles (表示“是”和“不是”的桨形板) placed elsewhere in the water. Having such skills, they conceivably could be trained as lifeguards to save the drowning upon command.―If you accept that words and word order are core features of human language,‖ says Herman, ―then we have shown that the dolphins also account for these two features within the limits of their sign language.‖Animal Behaviorist Ronald Schusterman, of California State University at Hayward, takes a moreskeptical view. He maintains that before anyone can say an animal is speaking, he had better determine whether the beast is capable of the kind of abstract thinking that underlies speech. At the University of California’s Long Marine Laboratory in Santa Cruz, Schusterman set out to find whether an eight-year-old sea lion called Rio could understand logical relationships between symbols presented on poster boards. For instance, by rewarding Rio selectively, he taught her that a symbol looking like a mug had the same meaning as one that looked like a watch. Then she was taught that the watch symbol was equivalent to a third symbol that looked like a bomb. Could Rio make the jump to equate the mug to the bomb?Rio started the test by choosing between two of these symbols on a scoreboard next to her tank. She was then presented other symbols--one from the original threesome, the second new to her---and asked which was equivalent to the one she had chosen earlier. In one test she answered correctly 24 out of 28 times, a performance that to Schusterman demonstrates at least some of the cognitive skills required for language. (467)Task 1Listen to the passage once and choose the best answer to each question you have heard.1)How many experiments are mentioned in this passage?2)Who is Louis Herman?3)What are the three symbols Ronald Schusterman used in teaching Rio?4)In one test, how many correct answers are given by Rio?5)According to the passage, which statement is NOT correct?1) b 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) aUnit 3What makes you happy?Part II Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 American PhilanthropistsAmericans gave an estimated 260 billion dollars to charity last year. That was an increase of six percent over 2004. The Giving USA Foundation says about half the increase resulted from giving after natural disasters. Hurricane Katrina and other severe storms hit the Gulf Coast. There was the earthquake in Pakistan, and the effects of the Indian Ocean tsunami.The United States has more than one million philanthropic organizations, including churches and other religious groups. Individual giving is the single biggest way American charities get money. More than three-fourths of their money last year came from individuals.But no one has ever given more than Warren Buffett（巴菲特，美国投资大亨）, the world’s second-richest man, is about to give. The seventy-five-year-old investor is worth an estimated 44 billion dollars. This week he announced he will give most of that away.The majority is to go to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to save the sick and alleviate the poverty of others in Africa and Asia. In all, five organizations will receive shares in his Berkshire Hathaway holding company in Nebraska.Buffett had originally indicated the money would pass over when he died. In revising the timetable, he was echoing the other great American philanthropist, Andrew Carnegie（卡内基,美国钢铁大王）whowrote in 1889: "The man who dies thus rich dies disgraced."The Chronicle of Philanthropy calls Mister Buffett's gift "the largest in philanthropic history." The scope and significance of Buffett's actions cannot be underestimated. It is effectively doubling the size of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. And he is doing so without immortalizing himself through an institution in his own name.The word philanthropy comes from Greek and Latin. It means a love of humankind, especially as shown through an act like giving to charity.One early American philanthropist was Benjamin Franklin. When he died in 1790, he left some of his wealth to the cities of Philadelphia and Boston.Another was Andrew Carnegie. The Carnegie Steel Company made him the world's richest man. But in the early nineteen hundreds, he gave away most of his money. He gave money to build more than two thousand public libraries. He started organizations to further scientific research and other knowledge and to support international peace.Today, American philanthropists include the Hungarian-born George Soros（索罗斯，美国投资家）. His Open Society Institute supports activities in more than fifty countries. But he is also known for his activism in American politics.Another modern-day philanthropist is the media personality Oprah Winfrey（奥普拉，美国著名脱口秀节目主持人）. Her Oprah's Angel Network supports non-profit groups.Still another is Larry Ellison（拉里.埃里森，美国Oracle公司总裁）, chief of the software company Oracle. He was in the news this week -- not for giving, but for taking back an offer.Mister Ellison had offered one hundred fifteen million dollars to Harvard University to create a global health foundation. He has now cancelled the gift after the resignation of Harvard President Larry Summers. Reports say he is expected to make another offer in the near future.Task 1Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you have heard.1)What was half the increase of last year’s charity donations used for?2)According to the passage, which is the biggest source of charities in the US?3)Where will the majority of Buffett’s donation go?4)Who wrote the phrase ―the man who dies thus rich dies disgraced‖?5)Whose donation is thought to be the largest in philanthropic history?6)What was part of Andrew Carnegie’s money used for?7)Why did Larry Ellison take back his offer?1) b 2) c 3) a 4) a 5) d 6) a 7) bPassage 3 Money Can't Buy HappinessSurveys have found virtually the same level of happiness between the very rich individuals on the Forbes 400 and the Maasai herdsmen of East Africa. Lottery winners return to their previous level of happiness after five years. Increases in income just don't seem to make people happier."The relationship between money and happiness is pretty small," says Peter Ubel, a professor of medicine at the University of Michigan.That's not to say that increased income doesn't matter at all. There is a very small correlation between wealth and happiness--accounting for about 1% of the happiness reported by people answering surveys. And for some groups, that relationship may be considerably bigger. People who are poor seem to get much happier when their monetary prospects improve, as do the very sick. In these cases, Ubelspeculates, people may be protected from negative circumstances by the extra cash. Another possibility is that the money brings an increase in status, which may have a greater impact on happiness.Why doesn't wealth bring a constant sense of joy? ―Part of the reason is that people aren't very good at figuring out what to do with the money,‖ says George Loewenstein, an economist at Carnegi e Mellon University. People generally overestimate the amount of long-term pleasure they'll get from a given object.Sometimes, Loewenstein notes, the way people spend their money can actually make them less happy. For example, people derive a great deal of pleasure from interacting with others. If the first thing lottery winners do is to quit their job and move to a palatial but isolated estate where they don't see any neighbors, they could find themselves isolated and depressed.The problem is that the human brain becomes conditioned to positive experiences. Getting a large sum of unexpected money registers as a good thing, but as time passes, the response wears off. An expected paycheck doesn't bring any extra joy at all--and doesn't contribute to overall happiness. You can get used to anything, be it hanging by your toenails or making millions of dollars a day.However, there may be at least one important relationship between money and happiness, according to Ed Diener, the University of Illinois researcher who surveyed the Forbes 400. Diener has written that happy people tend to have higher incomes later on in their lives. So, while money may not help make people happy, being happy may help them make money.Task 11)What is TRUE according to the passage?2)Who can feel happier with the possibility of having more money?3)What is one of the reasons why wealth doesn’t bring a constant sense of joy?4)According to the passage, how do lottery winners become depressed?5)According to the passage, what is the relationship between money and happiness?1) d 2) b 3) a 4) c 5) cUnit 4Festivals and HolidaysPart II Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part, you will hear three passages about festivals and holidays. Listen to each passage and do the tasks as required.Passage 1 Festivals Are the Lifeblood of Traditional CultureQixi Festival, the Chinese equivalent of Valentine’s Day, falls on the seventh day of the seventh month of the lunar year. It has been marked for generations since the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). But in recent years, this Chinese Lovers’ Day has become a disappointment not only for forgotten lovers, but also for businessmen left with empty pockets. Worse still is that many young people are not even aware of Qixi Festival or its cultural meaning, as media polls showed.Such cold reception has prompted cultural experts to seriously worry that this festival is dying out. Some have even called for laws to make the festival a legal ―Chinese Lovers’ Day‖. But the effectiveness of such a measure is in doubt, although efforts to preserve traditional festivals are praise-worthy. Meanwhile a growing number of traditional Chinese festivals, such as the Dragon Boat Festival andMid-Autumn Festival, share the same fate as Qixi Festival. Young people are showing less interest in traditional culture as symbolized by these festivals. Even if all traditional festivals are finally made legal, they might become purely formalized celebrations with little meaning. If the younger generation fails to identify with the cultural significance of these holidays, there is little that can be done.While complaining about traditional festivals’ fading, decision-makers should reflect on cultural protection. Undeniably our country has done a bad job of preserving culture and traditional festivals, compared with neighboring Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK). For example, the 2,500-year-old Dragon Boat Festival originated in China has been better preserved in the ROK. Only a few years ago did China begin to realize the significance of preserving intangible cultural heritage when the ROK planned to apply to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to list its version of the Dragon Boat Festival as an important example of intangible culture.Concern about traditional holidays also reminds people of the growing influence of foreign cultures as the country opens wider to the outside world. Foreign festivals such as Christmas and Valentine’s Day have been gaining widespread popularity in China. However, in the preservation of traditional Chinese festivals, business rather than culture has been playing a dominant role. The public including cultural professionals have tended to measure the festivals in economic terms. More and more people care only how much money can be generated during the holidays.In fact what makes traditional festivals unique and what keeps them alive is their cultural elements. After all, it is unique culture that contributes to the world’s diversity.Task 1Listen to the passage once and choose the best answer to each question you have heard.1) When did Qixi Festival originate?2) What is NOT true about Qixi Festival?3) What is the most important thing to do in preserving traditional festivals?4) When did China begin to realize the significance of preserving intangible cultural heritage?5)What makes traditional festivals unique?Task 11) b 2) c 3) d 4) c 5) aUnit 5TravelPart II Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part, you will hear three passages about travel. Listen to each passage and do the tasks as required.Passage 1 TravelMen have traveled ever since they first appeared on the earth.In primitive times they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places where their herds could feed, or to escape from hostile neighbors, or to find more favorable climates. They traveled on foot. Their journeys were long, tiring, and often dangerous. They protected themselves with simple weapons, such as wooden sticks or stone clubs, and by lighting fires at night and, above all, by keeping together.Being intelligent and creative, they soon discovered easier ways of traveling. They rode on the backs of their domesticated animals; they hollowed out tree trunks and, by using bits of wood as paddles, were able to travel across water.Later they traveled, not from necessity, but for the joy and excitement of seeing and experiencing new things. This is still the main reason why we travel today.Traveling, of course, has now become a highly organized business. There are cars and splendid roads, express trains, huge ships and jet airliners, all of which provide us with comforts and security. This sounds wonderful. But there are difficulties. If you want to go abroad, you need a passport and a visa, tickets, luggage, and a hundred and one other things. If you lose any of them, your journey may be ruined.As I am neither sociable nor adventurous, I prefer doing my traveling from an armchair. I like thinking of all those journeys that, despite his creativeness, man has never made and will never make. I should like, for example, to have arrived in the world by stork. I should like to travel faster than time and have a look at the year A. D. 3000 or go back into the past and talk to famous men. I should also like to travel like a shell across ocean floors where I could explore the wrecks of ships and see curious fish that men have never seen.Although we shall never make journeys such as these, there are others that will soon be made which fifty years ago would have seemed impossible.Scientists have invented machines that can explore outer space. Eventually there will be cheap day excursions to the moon and honeymoons on Venus. People will be able to fly from one planet to another in nasty little arrow-shaped tubes. I say ―people‖ because I have no intention of being one of them.Task 1 Listen to the passage once and choose the best answer to each question you have heard.1)For what reason did people travel in primitive times?2) Why did people find it easier to travel later?3) What does the author mean by saying that he prefers doing his traveling from an armchair?4) Which of the statements is true about modern traveling?5) Which journey will people be able to make in the future according to the passage?1) b 2) b 3) a 4) b 5) aPassage 2 MotelsSome people have said that the motels in the United States are like Topsy in Uncle Tom’s Cabin, who just ―growed‖. That may be so, but it seems clear that the motel became important because traveling increased.The motel or motor inn is that kind of place in which people who are away from home can stay. In the past travelers found protection from the cold of the night by staying at a highway inn. When the motor car became more and more popular, other types of accommodations developed in the United States.The first motel opened, it is said, in 1901 in Arizona. It was called Askin’s Cottage Camp. Later it was known as Askin’s Auto Camp, and the motel is still in operation there.It is believed that the word ―motel‖ was first used in 1925 by the Milestone Motel at San Luis Obispo, California. When the owner was painting the name of the place on a sign and saw that he had not allowed enough room on the board to have ―Milestone Motor Hotel,‖ he changed it to ―Milestone Mo-tel.‖After the cottage camp and auto camp, there followed the auto park and the auto court; the tourist cottage, tourist camp, and tourist court; and then the motor court, motel, motor inn and motor hotel.。