初中英语语法课件
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初中语法冠词(26张)PPT课件图文
初中语法冠词(26张)PPT 课件图文
CATALOGUE
目 录
• 冠词概述 • 不定冠词 • 定冠词 • 零冠词 • 冠词在句子中的位置 • 冠词与其他词类的关系
01
CATALOGUE
冠词概述
定义与分类
定义
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用 ，也没有词义，它用在名词的前 面，帮助指明名词的含义。
分类
04
CATALOGUE
零冠词
零冠词的形式
不带任何冠词的名词 形式
复数可数名词和不可 数名词前
以元音音素开头的单 数可数名词前
零冠词的用法
用于表示抽象概念、物质名词、专有名词、复数形式的节假日等名词前 用于三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前
用于某些固定词组中
零冠词的特殊用法
用于表示家庭成员、头衔、职位 等名词前，表示“一个”或“一
江是亚洲最长的河流。）”The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world.”（喜马拉雅山是世界 上最高的山脉。） • 用于普通名词构成的专有名词前：例如，“The Great Wall is a famous tourist attraction in China.”（长 城是中国著名的旅游胜地。）
强调特定信息
使用定冠词"the"可以强调 特定的信息，使读者或听 众更加关注。
冠词在句中的位置
连接前后文
冠词在句中可以起到连接 前后文的作用，使句子更 加连贯。
限定名词
冠词用于限定名词，帮助 读者或听众更好地理解句 子所表达的含义。
避免歧义
正确使用冠词可以避免句 子产生歧义，使表达更加 准确。
冠词在句尾的位置
CATALOGUE
目 录
• 冠词概述 • 不定冠词 • 定冠词 • 零冠词 • 冠词在句子中的位置 • 冠词与其他词类的关系
01
CATALOGUE
冠词概述
定义与分类
定义
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用 ，也没有词义，它用在名词的前 面，帮助指明名词的含义。
分类
04
CATALOGUE
零冠词
零冠词的形式
不带任何冠词的名词 形式
复数可数名词和不可 数名词前
以元音音素开头的单 数可数名词前
零冠词的用法
用于表示抽象概念、物质名词、专有名词、复数形式的节假日等名词前 用于三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前
用于某些固定词组中
零冠词的特殊用法
用于表示家庭成员、头衔、职位 等名词前，表示“一个”或“一
江是亚洲最长的河流。）”The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world.”（喜马拉雅山是世界 上最高的山脉。） • 用于普通名词构成的专有名词前：例如，“The Great Wall is a famous tourist attraction in China.”（长 城是中国著名的旅游胜地。）
强调特定信息
使用定冠词"the"可以强调 特定的信息，使读者或听 众更加关注。
冠词在句中的位置
连接前后文
冠词在句中可以起到连接 前后文的作用，使句子更 加连贯。
限定名词
冠词用于限定名词，帮助 读者或听众更好地理解句 子所表达的含义。
避免歧义
正确使用冠词可以避免句 子产生歧义，使表达更加 准确。
冠词在句尾的位置
初中英语语法大全(详解)ppt课件
* They haven’t come back yet.
★ such 修饰名词 so 修饰形容词、副词
*I have never seen such an
interesting film.
*This box is so heavy that I can’t
carry it.
最新编辑ppt
3
★ alone(单独、独自)作表语=by oneself lonely(孤独的)可作表语、定语
你的英语越来越好了。
*These days more and more people are learning English.
现在学英语的人越来越多了。
最新编辑ppt
18
2. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级”
表示“ 越······就越······”
*The more, the better.
*He is the most careful among us.
最新编辑ppt
15
3) 在表示 “和······一样······” 和 “不及······” 这类概念时，可以用 “as+原级+as” 和 “not as（so）+ 原级+as”的句型
*Our teacher is as busy as before.
carefully - more carefully
- most carefully
最新编辑ppt
11
不规则变化
good/well – better – best many/much – more – most little – less – least far – farther – farthest ( far – further – furthest ) bad/badly/ill – worse – worst
初中英语语法课件ppt
03
Opposite Meanings Adjectives
When using Opposite Meanings Adjectives, place the stronger
one first For example, "big and small."
The Usage of Advantageous
The use of connections
Coordinating Connections
Connections like "and", "but", "or" are used to coordinate two or more independent clauses, e.g., "I like apples, but my brother doesn't"
Subordinating Connections
Connections like "because", "if", "when" are used to introduce sub border clauses, e.g., "I will go to the park because it's sunny today"
Last Simple Tense
Used to express an action that occurred in the past Example: "She walked to school yesterday."
The tense of verbs
Present Continuous Tense
初中英语语法讲解PPT课件
双重所有格（of+’s的两种结合）
• P11-13 (textbook) • 做练习 • 作业 列出有关名词一讲疑惑不解或易错的５－ １０个难点．
第二讲 冠词和数词
•
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词 的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定 冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。 ２.1不定冠词的用法 不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作 [e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。 1) 表示"一个"，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 均可,如： handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
初中英语语法课件ppt
vacation together.
过去将来时的使用：
一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动 作或存在的状态。 would或was /were going to + V
would可用于各种人称。
二、would +V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。
When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或 if ……should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
一般现在时的动词形式： 动词原形 1.am;is ;are 2.have,has 3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s
肯定句：I watch television every day.
否定句：I don’t watch television every day.
疑问句：Do you watch television every day.
一般现在时的使用：
1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯 性的动作或状态。
It snows in winter. I watch television every day.
2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. Most animals kill only for food. The world is round.
过去将来时的使用：
一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动 作或存在的状态。 would或was /were going to + V
would可用于各种人称。
二、would +V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。
When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或 if ……should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
一般现在时的动词形式： 动词原形 1.am;is ;are 2.have,has 3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s
肯定句：I watch television every day.
否定句：I don’t watch television every day.
疑问句：Do you watch television every day.
一般现在时的使用：
1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯 性的动作或状态。
It snows in winter. I watch television every day.
2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. Most animals kill only for food. The world is round.
初中英语语法PPT精品课件
day .
• 练习题：
• 1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China ne xt month.
• A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D.
will be; come
• 2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.
• 例句： • Are you going to read ? • He is coming tomorrow .
• 练习题：
• 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow after noon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
• 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
• A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't g oing to working D. won't work
• 3. He ________ very busy this week, he _____ ___ free next week.
• A. will be; is B. is; isБайду номын сангаасC. will be; will be D. is; will be
现在完成时
• 构成： • have / has +PP • have/has been+doing
• 用法： • 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等
• 练习题：
• 1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China ne xt month.
• A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D.
will be; come
• 2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.
• 例句： • Are you going to read ? • He is coming tomorrow .
• 练习题：
• 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow after noon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
• 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
• A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't g oing to working D. won't work
• 3. He ________ very busy this week, he _____ ___ free next week.
• A. will be; is B. is; isБайду номын сангаасC. will be; will be D. is; will be
现在完成时
• 构成： • have / has +PP • have/has been+doing
• 用法： • 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等
初中英语语法大全精品PPT课件
多时,谓语用复数。 如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊)
There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数： 如：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)
[注解]：
① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺, 如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形 如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
Lucy’s and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽分别的卧室)
如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式, 如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式, 如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图) 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许
如： box, child, orange；
不可数名词{u} 是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如：water, news, oil, population, information .
英语可数名词的单复数
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾加s。 如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es. 如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes,
There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数： 如：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)
[注解]：
① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺, 如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形 如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
Lucy’s and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽分别的卧室)
如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式, 如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式, 如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图) 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许
如： box, child, orange；
不可数名词{u} 是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如：water, news, oil, population, information .
英语可数名词的单复数
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾加s。 如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es. 如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes,
初中英语语法专题课件完整版(共983张PPT)
2.不规则变化
构成方法
例词
形式不变 (单复数同形)
sheep－sheep deer－deer Chinese－Chinese Japanese－Japanese
变内部元音字母
foot－feet tooth－teeth goose－geese man－men mouse－mice
词尾加-en/-ren
a group of 一队，一组，一群
②还可用much，little，a little of，a large amount/deal of， no，plenty of等来修饰不可数名词，some，any既可修饰可数名词也可修 饰不可数名词。
much money，plenty of water a little of air some（肯定句）： some milk ，some apples any（疑/否）：Are there any stamps？I don’t have any money (5)数词-名词-形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用
普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1）个体名词：表示单个人或单个事物。 如：gun、kid 、book。 2）集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物组成的集合体。 如：family。
3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质、材料、食品、饮料、液体、气体、 金属等名称的名词，
如：pork、wood、bread、water、air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念及学科、疾病。 如：work 。Hunger、honesty 、love、Chinese、success、HIV。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。
f，fe 为v，再加 -es
shelf－shelves thief－thieves
初中英语语法ppt课件
Analysis and Application of Verb Tense and Voice
01
Verb tense and voice are important grammatical structures in English
02
Understanding verb tense and voice can help us express ideas more accurately and effectively
1
most basic usage, commonly formed by adding "- er" to the end of the objective
2
Comparative advertisements
used to describe verbs, formed by adding "- ly" to the end of the advertisement
Writing ability
Mastering grammar knowledge helps students write correct and fluent English sentences, improving their writing ability.
Reading comprehension
The Composition and Usage of Passive Voice
Passive voice is formed by using the auxiliary verb "be" and the past particle of the main verb
Passive voice can express actions that are not actively done by the subject
初中英语语法大全PPT优秀课件
7)掌握几种同义句转换
1. He is taller than any other student in his class.
= He is taller than the other students in his class.
= He is taller than any of the other students in his class.
* They haven’t come back yet.
★ such 修饰名词 so 修饰形容词、副词
*I have never seen such an
interesting film.
*This box is so heavy that I can’t
carry it.
2021/5/25
3
★ alone(单独、独自)作表语=by oneself lonely(孤独的)可作表语、定语
2021/5/25
28
用词的适当形式填空
1 He works very __h_a_r_d_____. He _h__a_r_d_l_y___
has a rest on Sunday. (hard)
2 __L_u_c_k__il_y__, he didn’t fail in the exam.(luck)
A. the latest B. later
C. early
D. as late
(B )2 The more we looked at the picture, ____.
A. we like it less B. the less we liked it
C. better we liked it D. it looked better
初中英语语法大全(详解)ppt课件
你的英语越来越好了。
*These days more and more people are learning English.
现在学英语的人越来越多了。
.
18
2. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级”
表示“ 越······就越······”
*The more, the better.
越多越好。
Revision of Junior English
初三英语复习
.
1
Adjectives and Adverbs
形容词、副词
.
2
区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词
★ already 常用于肯定句、个别疑问句
yet 常用于否定句、疑问句
* The train has already gone.
* They haven’t come back yet.
*He is the most careful among us.
.
15
3) 在表示 “和······一样······” 和 “不及······” 这类概念时，可以用 “as+原级+as” 和 “not as（so）+ 原级+as”的句型
*Our teacher is as busy as before.
*Who is taller, Mary or Jane?
*Which is biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
.
23
7)掌握几种同义句转换
1. He is taller than any other student in his class.
= He is taller than the other students in his class.
初中英语语法课件完整版
(3)有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义，如： room(空间)—a room(房间) work(工作)—works(著作) Glass（玻璃）-a glass（一个玻璃杯） paper-a paper（试卷） Fish（鱼）-a fish（一条鱼） (4)不可数名词的数量表达 ①不可数名词本身不可数，但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量， 结构：数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词
复数形式而须用单数形式，如： He is a fouryearold boy.他是个4岁的男孩。
(fouryearold不能说成fouryearsold) a fivefootdeep hole一个五英尺深的洞
1．表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式，在此名词词尾加‘s， 或直接加‘ (1)单数名词加's
Mary‘s book （mary的书） Marx’s theory（马克思的理论） 学生举例：丽丽的车 狗的尾巴（tail） (2)以s结尾的复数名词只加‘，不以s结尾的复数名词要加’s， the three girls‘ father 这三个女孩的父亲 the children‘s presents 孩子们的礼物 学生举例：双胞胎的房间 (3)表示几个人共有，仅在最后一个人的名字后加‘s；
表示各自所有时，需在各个名字后加‘s，如： Mary and Jane's car(她俩人共有的车) Mary's and Jane's cars(她俩各自的车) 学生举例：莉莉和露西的学校/丽丽的学校和露西的学校
(4)表示店铺、住宅、诊所、公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后面的
名词习惯上省略。如：
the barber's＝the barber's shop理发店
初中英语语法课件
• 5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ________________ (all, work) in the fields.
第二十页，共27页。
过去完成时
• 构成：
• had+动过去分词 • 多用于复合句中
• 用法：
• 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
• A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will beave / has +PP
第四页，共27页。
• 练习题： • 1. We often__________(play) in the playgound. • 2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.
• 3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth ev ery morning.
• 2. “_______ you _______ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?〞
• “Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (writ e) one last week.〞 、 3. “_________ he ____ (finish) his homework? 〞 “Not yet.〞 、 4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad? 〞 “Yes, just once.〞 、 5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.
第二十页，共27页。
过去完成时
• 构成：
• had+动过去分词 • 多用于复合句中
• 用法：
• 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
• A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will beave / has +PP
第四页，共27页。
• 练习题： • 1. We often__________(play) in the playgound. • 2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.
• 3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth ev ery morning.
• 2. “_______ you _______ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?〞
• “Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (writ e) one last week.〞 、 3. “_________ he ____ (finish) his homework? 〞 “Not yet.〞 、 4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad? 〞 “Yes, just once.〞 、 5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.
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Welcome ！
长江师范学院 张春玲
Outline
过去
1 .一般现在时 2 .一般过去时 3 .一般将来时 4 .过去将来时： 5 .过去进行时： 6. 过去完成时 7. 现在进行时： 8. 现在完成时：
现在
将来
用法： 经常性的和习惯性的动作 常用时间状语 ： usually, sometimes, in spring, every day, in the morning 一般现在时的动词形式： 动词原形 1.am;is ;are 2.have,has 3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s
We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ___ office soon.
A.leaves B.would leave C.left D.had left
用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作 常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten o’clock yesterday或when引导的从句 动词构成： was/were+现在分词(--ing) 以work为例：was/were working
一般将来时的使用：
1、 基本结构是will / shall do。 例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她 的生日礼物。）
2、 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般 进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以 表示将来时。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）
否定构成：will/shall not… am/is/are not… 特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow? When are we going to have a class meeting?
注意：在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
---Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. ---Oh, how nice of you! I ___ you ___ to bring me a gift. A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didn’t think; were going D. hadn’t thought; were going
比较：I used to walk to school, but now I go by bike. used to +V,指过去的习惯或状态，暗含的意思是“现在不做某事 了”。
A: Where did you go? B: I was going to visit the park, but in the end I went to the free market. A: What was it like? B:I thought it would be busy, but it was very quiet.
否定构成：would/should not… was/were not… 一般疑问构成：常用if或whether引导宾从
特殊疑问句举例：He asked what they would do the next week. I thought I would make lots of newfriends. They said that they were going to spend the vacation together.
注意：He has opened the door.（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是 门还开着）He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着)
一般过去时的使用：
1.一般过去时表示一个动作或情况在过去 某个的时间开始和结束. I walked to school yesterday. I bought a new car three days ago.
5、 “be to do”的5种用法：
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实 验室见到她。） b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不 准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）
3、 表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。 例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说 的。）
4、 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期 内或马上要做的事。 例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）
过去将来时的使用：
一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动 作或存在的状态。
would或was /were going to + V would可用于各种人称。
二、would +V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。
When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.
注：这些动词不能用于进行时。
用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作 常用时间状语： yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 2000, at that time, before ，when 等引导的含 过去时的句子。 动词构成：动词过去时（--ed） listen—listened study---studied stop-----stopped come----came
常用时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next month, in a few minutes, at the end of this term 动词构成: 1. will/shall+动原 2.am/is/are going to+动词原型 3. am/is/are(about)+动词不定式 4. am/is/are+coming等现在分词 以work为例:will/shall work am/is/are going to work am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving…
c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may） 例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一 笔债呢？）
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。 例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attended D. is attended to e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或 if ……should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. Most animals kill only for food. The world is round.
3.某些动词的一般现在时表示说话时正在 存在的一种情况。
I have only a dollar right now. He needs a pen right now.
Examples: It snows in winter. It doesn’t snow in winter. Does it snow in winter?
一般现在时的使用：
1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯 性的动作或状态。 It snows in winter. I watch television every day.
肯定句：I watch television every day. 否定句：I don’t watch television every day. 疑问句：Do you watch television every day.
注意： start, leave, go, come等的一般现在时可表示按规定要发生的未 来动作，如列车将离开。客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时.
walked,bought
now
2.表示过去经常性的动作或情况。 I often got up at 6:00 last year. I didn’t walk to school yesterdayesterday ?
长江师范学院 张春玲
Outline
过去
1 .一般现在时 2 .一般过去时 3 .一般将来时 4 .过去将来时： 5 .过去进行时： 6. 过去完成时 7. 现在进行时： 8. 现在完成时：
现在
将来
用法： 经常性的和习惯性的动作 常用时间状语 ： usually, sometimes, in spring, every day, in the morning 一般现在时的动词形式： 动词原形 1.am;is ;are 2.have,has 3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s
We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ___ office soon.
A.leaves B.would leave C.left D.had left
用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作 常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten o’clock yesterday或when引导的从句 动词构成： was/were+现在分词(--ing) 以work为例：was/were working
一般将来时的使用：
1、 基本结构是will / shall do。 例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她 的生日礼物。）
2、 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般 进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以 表示将来时。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）
否定构成：will/shall not… am/is/are not… 特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow? When are we going to have a class meeting?
注意：在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
---Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. ---Oh, how nice of you! I ___ you ___ to bring me a gift. A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didn’t think; were going D. hadn’t thought; were going
比较：I used to walk to school, but now I go by bike. used to +V,指过去的习惯或状态，暗含的意思是“现在不做某事 了”。
A: Where did you go? B: I was going to visit the park, but in the end I went to the free market. A: What was it like? B:I thought it would be busy, but it was very quiet.
否定构成：would/should not… was/were not… 一般疑问构成：常用if或whether引导宾从
特殊疑问句举例：He asked what they would do the next week. I thought I would make lots of newfriends. They said that they were going to spend the vacation together.
注意：He has opened the door.（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是 门还开着）He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着)
一般过去时的使用：
1.一般过去时表示一个动作或情况在过去 某个的时间开始和结束. I walked to school yesterday. I bought a new car three days ago.
5、 “be to do”的5种用法：
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实 验室见到她。） b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不 准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）
3、 表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。 例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说 的。）
4、 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期 内或马上要做的事。 例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）
过去将来时的使用：
一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动 作或存在的状态。
would或was /were going to + V would可用于各种人称。
二、would +V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。
When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.
注：这些动词不能用于进行时。
用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作 常用时间状语： yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 2000, at that time, before ，when 等引导的含 过去时的句子。 动词构成：动词过去时（--ed） listen—listened study---studied stop-----stopped come----came
常用时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next month, in a few minutes, at the end of this term 动词构成: 1. will/shall+动原 2.am/is/are going to+动词原型 3. am/is/are(about)+动词不定式 4. am/is/are+coming等现在分词 以work为例:will/shall work am/is/are going to work am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving…
c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may） 例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一 笔债呢？）
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。 例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attended D. is attended to e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或 if ……should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. Most animals kill only for food. The world is round.
3.某些动词的一般现在时表示说话时正在 存在的一种情况。
I have only a dollar right now. He needs a pen right now.
Examples: It snows in winter. It doesn’t snow in winter. Does it snow in winter?
一般现在时的使用：
1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯 性的动作或状态。 It snows in winter. I watch television every day.
肯定句：I watch television every day. 否定句：I don’t watch television every day. 疑问句：Do you watch television every day.
注意： start, leave, go, come等的一般现在时可表示按规定要发生的未 来动作，如列车将离开。客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时.
walked,bought
now
2.表示过去经常性的动作或情况。 I often got up at 6:00 last year. I didn’t walk to school yesterdayesterday ?