福师《高级英语(一)》第八课期末考试备考资料50

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高级英语下册1-8__(最终)

高级英语下册Lesson One The Company in Which I work (2)我工作的公司Lesson Two Eveline 伊芙林 (13)Lesson Three What’s Wrong with Our Press (22)我们的报纸问题何在Lesson Four The Tragedy of Old Age in America (32)美国老龄的悲剧Lesson Five Trifles(Part One) 琐事(第一部分) (44)Lesson Six Trifles(Part Two) 琐事(第二部分) (55)Lesson Seven Ace in the Hole 埃斯身陷困境 (68)Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My Supper (84)科学毁了我的晚餐Lesson one The Company in Which I Work 我工作的公司In the company in which I work, each of us is afraid of at least one person. The lower your position is, the more people you are afraid of. And all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top who helped found and build the company and now own and direct it.我工作的公司里，每个人都至少害怕一个人。

职位越低，所惧怕的人越多。

所有的人都害怕那十二位顶层上司，他们帮助创建了这个公司，而且现在仍然大权在握。

All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by time and success of energy and ambition. Many have spent their whole lives here. They seem friendly, slow, and content when I come upon them in the halls and always courteous and mute when they ride with others in the public elevators. They no longer work hard. They hold meetings, make promotions, and allow their names to be used on announcements that are prepared and issued by somebody else. Nobody is sure anymore who really runs the company (not even the people who are credited with running it), but the company does run. (横线句子翻译)所有这十二位都已经上了年纪，而且岁月的沧桑和对成功的执著追求使他们心力交瘁。

福师《高级英语(一)》第八课期末考试学习资料38

福师《高级英语（一）》第八课I’d Rather Be Black than FemaleOverviewThe article discusses two major social problems in the . –racial discrimination and women’s rights in a man’s world. Written in the 1970s, the text tells us what is happening in the . today. As a black woman elected to Congress, Shirley Chisholm here presents a true picture of the two major social problems in the . from her personal experience.The article aims at raising the public’s awareness of sexual inequality for women. The author thinks it is harder to eliminate the prejudice against women, because women in the . are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were. She calls upon the American women to realize the qualities they naturally have or have had to develop because of their suppression by men. She holds that the country needs women’s idealism and determination, perhaps more in politics than anywhere else.Organization of the article1. On the basis of her being elected to Congress, the writer draws people’s attention to the facts of both racial and sexual discriminations, the latter of which, according to her, is harder to eliminate.2. The writer uses her own political career as well as some other facts to show : There is prejudice against women.3. The writer calls upon women to realize the qualities they own which are needed by the society.。

福师《高级英语(一)》

《高级英语（一）》
.vocabulary
1. With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its ________.(D)
A. boundaries B. limitationsC. confinements D. restraints
3.The writer decided to drop out of the conspicuous consumption gang because____ (She Is an Unwilling Tool of Middleclassdom)
e.of inflation.
f.life is made too eases.
a.They had it repaired for $112.
b.They moved it out to their new house.
c.They got a color portable.
d.They bought a new one.
1.38 people in Queens watched a man ill a woman but ____.(38Who Saw MurderDidn’t Call the Police)
a.were all unsympathetic.
b.the killer wasn’t frightened by their shouting.
c.were too afraid to do anything to stop the killing.
d.nobody called the police to report the incident.
9. The kitten was so tiny andpathetic.(A)

福建师范大学课程考试《高级英语(一)》作业考核复习试题及答案

福建师范大学课程考试《高级英语(一)》作业考核复习试题及答案I. Vocabulary 20%1.（1%）The use of the pesticide had been banned in the United States, but the falcons were eating migratory birds from other places where DDT was still used.[A] authorized [B] developed [C] disseminated [D] prohibited2. The beauty of the scene filled us with enchantment.[A] imaginative ability [B] nostalgia [C] delightful influence [D] dignity3. I heard the soft-voiced Mrs. Flowers and the textured voice of my grandmother merging and melting.[A] sweet [B] rough [C] gently [D] sharp4. In 1940 the Democrats nominated Roosevelt for an unprecedented third term.[A] unimportant [B] unheard of [C] unjustified [D] unhampered5. His strength is incredible-- certainly great enough to enable him to take a man in his hands and wrench his head off.[A] impossible [B] unbelievable [C] probable [D] imaginable6. I heard the soft-voiced Mrs. Flowers and the textured voice of my grandmother merging and melting.[A] carrying away [B] blending together [C] fading away [D] dying down7. These aren’t idle questions. Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking.[A] lazy [B] casual [C] serious [D] interesting8. I’m skeptical of the winnings of the team.[A] respectful to [B] doubtful about [C] accustomed to [D] pleased at9. Imagine my bewilderment when I heard the news.[A] anger [B] annoyance [C] puzzlement [D] disagreement10. Changing the world gradually depends on the exasperating and uncertain instruments of persuasion and democratic decision making.[A] exciting [B] convincing [C] exaggerating [D] annoying11.The approaching deadline gave impetus to the investigation.A. impulseB. effort C help D. speed12.At first glance, this course is far from inviting.A glare B. sight C. see D. stare13.These aren't idle questions.A.puzzleB. meaninglessC. lazyD. useful14.One of the guides grabbed me by the arm.A. seized B mastered C. seen D. posed15.How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women?A．remove B. get rid of C kill D. disappear16.How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women?A.biasB. disadvantageC. shortcomingD. handicap17.It was hot, with all the stale accumulated heat of summer concentrated in that autumn day.A.badB. distastefulC. unfreshD. odorous18.He made himself understood as much by the gestures of his hands as by his fluid English.A.floodB. poorC. accentD. fluent19."it is astonishing" said Kitty.A.surprisingB. pleasing C helping D. blowing20.This strategy also has ancient antecedents.A.experience B ancestor C. forefather D.predecessorII. Text Comprehension 20%1.（1%）Rashid was (“Rashid’s School”)[A] a strong and energetic man who speaks good English.[B] a frail-looking man without energy.[C] an energetic man, but he didn't look strong.[D] a strong-willed man who was confident that the success of the education for the villagers wasout of question.2. When Rashid talked about his school, saying "it is the realization of a dream", his florid toneshowed that (“Rashid’s School”)[A] he was conceited and he thought himself to be better than any other school masters.[B] he was not sure whether the visitors would agree with him.[C] he didn't want the visitors to criticize his school.[D] he was proud and satisfied with his school and he had a desire for the visitors to share hisfeelings.3. “A s soon as the children of the village were old enough to work in the fields they becameeconomically important to their families. Against that argument education carried very little weight.” (“Rashid’s School At Okhla”) This shows that[A] to the villagers education meant nothing for it could not bring any economic benefits to theirfamilies.[B] the villagers attached much importance to education because it would reduce the children’sburden on their families.[C] the villagers believed that children were so important to their families that they should notargue against education.[D] to the villagers their families depended on children and education could solve this problem4. The author of "Four Choices For Young People" does not think much of the dropouts because (“Four Choices For Young People”)[A] they are unsatisfied with the present society and want a sudden change.[B] while they scorn the present society, they depend on it for a living.[C] they make fruitless efforts to change the imperfect society.[D] the author does not agree with them in regarding the society as imperfect.5. Which of the following is true about the author's opinion? (“Four Choices For Young People”)[A] The author insists on gradual change as being the most efficient method of improving thisimperfect world under any circumstances.[B] The author personally favors a gradual reform of the society because although it takes time itsometimes does work.[C] The author considers all social revolutions fruitless because they fail to do away with suchfamiliar matters as the buying and selling of goods, social institutions and office work.[D] The author rejects all the alternatives, thinking they are either impractical or fruitless.6. By comparing the reforms of the world to the military campaign in the Apennines during World War II, the author intends to (“Four Choices For Young People”)[A] express his feeling that one needs bravery and energy to overcome difficulties in reforming theworld.[B] create an impression upon readers that drastic changes are inevitable in solving socialproblems.[C] express his opinion that the real world is beset with social problems which, instead of beingsolved once for all, often lead to others.[D] make his idea known that, to deal with social problems, the young should draw on theexperience of the old.7. In "Rock Superstars...", the author begins with descriptions of three short scenes. Which is true ofthem? (“Rock Superstars”)[A] When Mick Jagger sprinkled water over the audience at the end of his performance, his fanssurge to follow, eager to be baptized then and there by this singer priest.[B] Alice Cooper took his own life at the end of a rock concert in order to shock and thrill theaudience.[C] A rock fan worshipped Bob Dylan as a god and actually crawled on his knees into one of his concerts.[D] To American adults, Alice Cooper was a horrible singer with weird and loathsome tastes and habits.8. What two aspects of American life are touched in rock music? (“Rock Superstars”)[A] political attitudes & emotional life[B] religious beliefs & human feelings[C] human desires & reasons[D] sociological concepts & facts9. The title "A Most Forgiving Ape" is arresting in that (“A Most Forgiving Ape”)[A] it makes an ape a subject which will arouse the readers' interest.[B] it arouses the reader's interest, for it sharply contrasts with the stereotyped image of the ape.[C] the word "forgiving" is a seldom-used expression.[D] it seems a totally unfamiliar topic to the reader.10. The author inserts a brief account of the gorilla in various aspects before he comes to describinghis encounter with the gorilla. Which of the following is not talked about in that account? (“A Most Forgiving Ape”)[A] This rare species is still being butchered by tribesmen.[B] Gorillas have far greater physical strength than human beings.[C] The gorilla is a forgiving animal with human qualities.[D] The gorilla has good eyesight and hearing.11.On what a day did Kitty and I drive away from Delhi to Okhla?13.A cold winter day B. A hot summer day14.C. A hot autumn day D. A cool spring day.12.Came out to meet us in front of the school.A.RashidB. KittyC. VillagersD. Nobody13.Finally, "I" promised to the villagers to if they would send their children to my school.A.Provide the means for them to reel cotton for an hour every day.B.Help them with the farm work.C.Give them moneyD. Provide farm knowledge to them2.To begin with, the villagers were suspicious. Why?16.They don't like rashid.17.They think they are well-educated.18.They had found in their own lives no use for education, or indeed for literacy.19.They hate education.15.Think to eat beef is sinful.A.MoslemsB. IndiansC. WesternersD. Nobody14.Which is not the four choices for young people?A.FleeB. Drop outC. Get marriageD. Plot a revolution6.Which of the four choices of young people is one of the oldest expedients, and it can be practiced anywhere, at any age, and with or without the use of hallucinogens.17.Flee B. Drop out18.C. Try to change the world gradually D. Plot a revolution16.Who ended his act by pretending to end his life--with a guillotine.A.Mike PerlieB. Bob DylanC. The BandD. Alice Cooper14.Why does the author say these aren't idle questions?A.Because they are famous stars.B. Because they are rock stars.C. Because your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking.D. Because they are hard to answer.20.Todd Rundgren is aA.Singer and dancerB. Composer and singerB.C. Composer and dancer D. Film starIII. Blank FillingFill in each blank with an expression selected from the list below in its proper form. 15%drop out of; be deficient in; frowned at; be stuck in; bear a resemblance to;give expression to; follow; tak e one’s place; in the presence of; desert1. （1.5%）Gorillas have good eyesight but ________ both hearing and smelling.2. Had I really been about ________ my sub-conscious desire to move towards him I would havepaused at this moment.3. Like all Indian villages Okhla ________ at that time in the morning. Most of the people wereworking in the field, and the women had gathered at the well which was their meeting place and center of gossip.4. As the big problems of the thirties were brought under some kind of rough control, new problems________.5. When Presley appeared on a TV show, a kind of “debate” took place. Most of the older viewers______ his performance, while most of the younger viewers applauded.6. Against Mrs Flowers protest, Momma pulled up my dress. The dress was over my head and my arms__________ the sleeves.7. She had an icebox. It __________ that she would have ice on an ordinary day, when most families inour town bought ice late on Saturdays only a few times during the summer.8. The European inhabitants of East Africa take their holidays in this cool green place, for it _______any of the lusher golfing resorts in southern England.9. I cannot help feeling a fear ________ so many people.10. “A woman will __________ the game to have a couple of kids just about the time we’re ready torun her for mayor.” This may be said by a politician with sexual prejudice.IV. Cloze 15%There are ten blanks in the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper word taken from the list.Note that two of the given words are not applicable.rightly; in; responsible; misgivings; views; shortly; of; about; increased; for; teach; alone __(1)__ before his graduation, Jim Binns, president of the senior class at Standford University,wrote me about some of his __(2)__. “More than any other generation,” he said, “our generation __(3)__ the adult world with great skepticism … there is also an __(4)__ tendency to reject completely that world.”Apparently he speaks __(5)__ a lot of his contemporaries. During the last few years, I have listened to scores __(6)__ young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous __(7)__ the grown-up world. Roughly, their attitude might be summed up about like this: “The world is __(8)__ pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war. The people __(9)__ are, presumably, the adults who have been running things. If they can’t do better than that, what have they got to __(10)__ our generation? That kind of lesson we can do without.”V. Translation 20%A 9% Translate the following sentences into Chinese.17.I hope that the example of my success will convince other women to get into politics – and not just to stuff envelopes, but to run for office.考核知识点：对课文的理解，参见P5618.. I had read A Tale of Two Cities and found it up to my standard as a romantic novel. She opened the first page andI heard poetry for the first time in my life.考核知识点：对课文的理解，参见P5019.Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything.B Translate the following sentences into English by using the words given.1. 我喜欢在谷类食品上洒点糖。

福建师范《高级英语一》期末试卷A

A. merciless B. sorryC. unhealthyD. helpless
6.We should try every means toeradicateilliteracy.
A. removeB. improveC. representD. dominate
7.The enemies were defeated and hence ahumiliatingwithdrawal.
a.of inflation.
b.life is made too easy by modern miracle-performing appliances.
c.she’s spending too much time and energy to keep things running.
d.herchildren will beleavinghome soon.
d.Because he had broken religious laws.
12.The police got to know about the murder because _____.(38 Who Saw Murder Didn’t Call the Police)
a.the man called the police.
A. interestingB. laymanC. sin D. mistake
4. He waselatedover the favorable reviews of his novel.
A. grievous B. tremblingC. overjoyedD. lazy
5.Some people seem to have amorbidinterest in death.

《高级英语1(第3版)》学习资料 (8)

The Sad Young Men1 No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and sensationally romanticized than the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting “sheik,” and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper” and the “drug-store cowboy.” “Were young people really so wild?” present-day students ask their parents and teachers. “Was there really a Younger Generation problem?” The answers to such inquiries must of necessity be “yes” and “no”---”Yes” because the business of growing up is always accompanied by a Younger Generation Problem; “no” because what seemed so wild, irresponsible, and immoral in social behavior at the time can now be seen in perspective as being something considerably less sensational than the degeneration of our jazzmad youth.2 Actually, the revolt of the young people was a logical outcome of conditions in the age: First of all, it must be remembered that the rebellion was not confined to the Unit- ed States, but affected the entire Western world as a result of the aftermath of the first serious war in a century. Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some- subconsciously if not openly -- that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.3 The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable. The booming of American industry, with its gigantic, roaring factories, its corporate impersonality, and its large-scale aggressiveness, no longer left any room for the code of polite behavior and well-bred morality fashioned in a quieter and less competitive age. War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth-century society.4 Thus in a changing world youth was faced with the challenge of bringing our mores up to date. But at the same time it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of Bohemian immorality. The faddishness , the wild spending of money on transitory pleasures and momentary novelties , the hectic air of gaiety, the experimentation in sensation -- sex, drugs, alcohol, perversions -- were all part of the pattern of escape, an escape made possible by a general prosperity and a post-war fatigue with politics, economic restrictions, and international responsibilities. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit, and the much-publicized orgies and defiant manifestoes of the intellectuals crowding into Greenwich Village gave them a pattern and a philosophic defense for their escapism. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age.5 The rebellion started with World War I. The prolonged stalemate of 1915—1916, the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags. In the words of Joe Williams, in John Dos Passos’ U. S. A., they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up.” For military service, in 1916—1917, was still a romantic occupation. The young men of college age in 1917 knew nothing of modern warfare. The strife of 1861—1865 had popularly become, in motion picture and story, a magnolia-scented soap opera, while the one hundred-days’ fracas with Spain in 1898 had dissolved into a one-sided victory at Manila and a cinematic charge up San Juan Hill. Furthermore, there were enough high school assembly orators proclaiming the character-forming force of the strenuous life to convince more than enough otherwise sensible boys that service in the European conflict would be of great personal value, in addition to being idealistic and exciting. Accordingly, they began to join the various armies in increasing numbers, the “intellectuals” in the ambulance corps, others in the infantry, merchant marine, or wherever else they could find a place. Those who were reluctant to serve in a foreign army talked excitedly about Preparedness, occasionally considered joining the National Guard, and rushed to enlist when we finally did enter the conflict. So tremendous was the storming of recruitment centers that harassed sergeants actually pleaded with volunteers to “go home and wait for the draft,” but since no self-respecting person wanted to suffer the disgrace of being drafted, the enlistment craze continued unabated.6 Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth- century warfare. To their lasting glory, they fought with distinction, but it was a much altered group of soldiers who returned from the battlefields in 1919. Especially was this true of the college contingent, whose idealism had led them to enlist early and who had generally seen a considerable amount of action. To them, it was bitter to return to a home town virtually untouched by the conflict, where citizens still talked with the naive Fourth-of-duly bombast they themselves had been guilty of two or three years earlier. It was even more bitter to find that their old jobs had been taken by the stay-at-homes, that business was suffering a recession that prevented the opening up of new jobs, and that veterans were considered problem children and less desirable than non-veterans for whatever business opportunities that did exist. Their very homes were often uncomfortable to them; they had outgrown town and families and had developed a sudden bewildering world-weariness which neither they nor their relatives could understand. Their energies had been whipped up and their naivety destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy.” And, as if home town conditions were not enough, the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition, and the smug patriotism of the war profiteers. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give” and, after a short period of bitter resentment, it “gave” in the form of a complete overthrow of genteel standards of behavior.7 Greenwich Village set the pattern. Since the Seven-ties a dwelling place for artists and writers who settled there because living was cheap, the village had long enjoyed a dubious reputation for Bohemianism and eccentricity. It had also harbored enough major writers, especially in the decade before World War I, to support its claim to being the intellectual center of the nation.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center (where living was still cheap in 1919) to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout the morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.8 Soon they found their imitators among the non-intellectuals. As it became more and more fashionable throughout the country for young persons to defy the law and the conventions and to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth”, it was Greenwich Village that fanned the flames. “Bohemian” living became a fad. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality, although in reality this self-conscious unconventionality was rapidly becoming a standard feature of the country club class -- and its less affluent imitators -- throughout the nation. Before long the movement had be-come officially recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it), by the movies and magazines (which made it attractively naughty while pretending to denounce it), and by advertising (which obliquely encouraged it by selling everything from cigarettes to automobiles with the implied promise that their owners would be rendered sexually irresistible). Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. Their parents were shocked, but before long they found themselves and their friends adopting the new gaiety. By the middle of the decade, the “wild party” had become as commonplace a factor in American life as the flapper, the Model T, or the Dutch Colonial home in Floral Heights.9 Meanwhile, the true intellectuals were far from flattered. What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture, less avid for material gain, and less susceptible to standardization. Instead, their ideas had been generally ignored, while their behavior had contributed to that standardization by furnishing a pattern of Bohemianism that had become as conventionalized as a Rotary luncheon. As a result, their dissatisfaction with their native country, already acute upon their return from the war, now became even more intolerable. Flaming diatribes poured from their pens denouncing the materialism and what they considered to be the cultural boobery of our society. An important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States, written by “thirty intellectuals” under the editorship of J. Harold Stearns, was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. The burden of the volume was that the best minds in the country were being ignored, that art was unappreciated, and that big business had corrupted everything. Journalism was a mere adjunct to moneymaking, politics were corrupt and filled with incompetents and crooks, and American family life so devoted to making money and keeping up with the Joneses that it had become joyless, patterned, hypocritical, and sexually inadequate. These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where “they do things better.” By the time Civilization in the United States was published (1921), most of its contributors had taken their own advice and were Wing abroad, and many more of the artistic and would-be artistic had followed suit.10 It was in their defiant, but generally short-lived, European expatriation that our leading writers of the Twenties learned to think of themselves, in the words of Gertrude Stein, as the “lost generation”. In no sense a movement in itself, the “lost generation” attitude nevertheless acted as a common denominator of the writing of the times. The war and the cynical power politics ofVersailles had convinced these young men and women that spirituality was dead; they felt as stunned as John Andrews, the defeated aesthete In Dos Passos’ Three Soldiers, as rootless as Hemingway’s wandering alcoholics in The Sun Also Rises. Besides Stein, Dos Passos, and Hemingway, there were Lewis Mumford, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, Matthew Josephson, d. Harold Stearns, T. S. Eliot, E. E. Cummings, Malcolm Cowley, and many other novelists, dramatists, poets, and critics who tried to find their souls in the Antibes and on the Left Bank, who directed sad and bitter blasts at their native land and who, almost to a man, drifted back within a few years out of sheer homesickness, to take up residence on coastal islands and in New England farmhouses and to produce works ripened by the tempering of an older, more sophisticated society.11 For actually the “lost generation” was never lost. It was shocked, uprooted for a time, bitter, critical, rebellious, iconoclastic, experimental, often absurd, more often misdirected- but never “lost.” A decade that produced, in addition to the writers listed above, such figures as Eugene O’Neill, Edna St. Vincent Millay, F. Scott Fitzserald, William Faulkner, Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, Hart Crane, Thomas Wolfe, and innumerable others could never be written off as sterile ,even by itself in a moment of self-pity. The intellectuals of the Twenties, the “sad young men,” as F. Scot Fitzgerald called them, cursed their luck but didn’t die; escaped but voluntarily returned; flayed the Babbitts but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating writing in its literary experience.。

英语专业高散期末考试必备Lesson 8

想想看，我们这个城市、纽约，有八百万人。

人家问我们的一个朋友，为什么住在纽约。

他说，他喜欢住在这，是因为能够与世隔绝，不受干扰。

他喜欢一个人住。

可是许多美国城里人，却不愿意孤独，他们怕孤独。

人家说，孤独是一种不得了的美国症。

孤独的本质是什么？它看来主要就是要寻求…我是谁‟的答案。

对于一个观察者、一个业余哲学家，在所有的要和不要的复杂抉择中，再没有什么比要选择…我是谁‟还是选择和…我属于谁‟次数更多和更持久了。

一个人从生到死，总是被这两个问题困扰。

生命的头几个星期，…我是谁‟的问题就和要吃奶的问题一样紧急。

婴儿去抓他的脚趾、去探索婴儿床的栏杆，一遍又一遍地比较他的身体和他周围的物体的区别。

而这在幼小的试探性的眼中留下了最初的惊奇。

认识自我，是人解决的第一个抽象问题。

不错，正是这自我意识，使我们区别于低一等的动物。

对…我是谁‟的最初理解，在人一生中不断发展，其重点也一直变化着。

大概成熟就是这些发展和变化的历史。

这历史向这个人揭示他和他知道的他所在世界的关系。

一旦确定了…我是谁‟，人们就迫切需要丢掉这刚刚找到的分离感，去从属于一个大于、强于这个较小和孤立的自我的某种东西。

这精神上的隔绝感，对我们简直是不能忍受的。

在《婚礼的成员》中佛兰克·艾德母斯，一个十二岁的可爱的小姑娘，道出了普遍的需求，“我的问题是，长期以来我都只是一个人。

别人都属于我们，而我没有份。

我不属于我们。

这让人感到太孤寂了。

”爱是沟通我和我们这两种感觉的桥梁。

对于人之间的爱，有一个是非而是的问题。

对另一个人的爱，开辟了个人和世界的新关系。

能爱别人的人（有爱心的人），对自然作出了不同以往的新的反应，甚至能写出诗篇（充满了诗情画意）。

爱是一种肯定。

它激励人去讲“对”，它激励人进行更广泛交际的愿望。

爱会使人抛弃恐惧，并在共处群体的安全中，得到满足和勇气。

我们不再惧怕那长久萦绕在我们脑中的问题。

…我是谁‟，…为什么是我‟，…我要去哪‟。

高级英语(1)复习资料

高级英语（1）复习资料L1Antonymsdwindle bucolic tedious unsullied parasitic inevitable brutalSynonymsholocaust affluent formidable skepticism misgiving holocaustDefinitionguiseMultiple choice1.So Jim Binns’ generation has a formidable job on its hands.a. simpleb. heavyc. difficultd. frighteningThe figures of speech1.At the same time, my generation was discovering that reforming the world is a little like fighting a military campaign in the Apennines, as soon as you capture one mountain range, another one looms ahead. ________Explanation1) It demands patience, always in short supply. (Para. 11)2) … except for the polar regions, the frontiers are gone. (Para. 6)L2Synonymsradical rambleThe figures of speech1.Horowita sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash ________Explanation1) … a place where id eas clash and crash. (Para. 3)2) The Beatles showed there was a range of emotions between love and hate.L3SynonymsIntrepidAntonymsBelligerenceMultiple choice1.It is this “human-ness” of the gorrila which is so beguiling.a. deceivingb. enchantingc. movingd. praiseworthyExplanation1)… who haunts the imagination of climbers in the Himalayas … (L3)L4Synonymsbewilderment sweltering palpableAntonymsgroggily impenetrable uncompromisingDefinitionaccelerate fatigue amnesia blisterMultiple choice1. That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men as bizarre.a. naturalb. possiblec. stranged. surprisingThe figures of speech1.A vast cloud, shot through with sunlight, was tearing off the crest of Muhavura. _______2.Horowita sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash He was the most distinguished and splendid animal I ever saw and I had only one desire at that moment: to go forward towards him, to meet him and to know him: to communicate. ___________Explanation1) … my legs had turned to water again…. (Para. 8)L5Explanation1) One summer afternoon, sweet-milk fresh in my memory, she stopped at the store to buy provisions. (Para. 14)L6Synonymscouchthe figures of speech1.I wanted to gobble up the room entire and take it to Bailey, who would help me analyze and enjoy itExplanation1) I have tried often to search behind the sophistication of years for the enchantment I so easily found in those gifts. (Para. 23)2) The essence escapes but its aura remains. (Para. 23)L7Synonymsprejudice eliminate handicapAntonymshostility feminine skeptical masculineDefinitionempathy boycott hardwareExplanation1)For all but the last six, I have done the work—all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day …L8Synonymscommand stimulusAntonymsAptlyDefinitionDivert kaleidoscopic narcoticMultiple choice1.In short, a lot of television usurps one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it.a. encroachesb. usesc. stealsd. takesThe figures of speech1. Consider the casual assumptions that television tends to cultivate: that complexity must be avoided , that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought , that verbal precision is an anachronism. ___________L9SynonymsPervadeAntonymsEventfulDefinitionvexation insomnia stupendous LegionMultiple choice1.The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legion, and are only alike in their ineffectuality.a. numerousb. limitedc. effectived. easy2. To me, there is something inhuman, something callous and almost bovine, in the practice.a. disgustingb. irrationalc. indifferentd. hatefulThe figures of speech1. I must confess that I always … those “as soon as my head touches the pillow”fellows.________2.Discus sing the question, … sleep drew the curtain. _______L93.Between chime and chime of the clock …_________L9L10Antonymsundervalued egoism dominantDefinitionmeticulous aesthetics subsidizeMultiple choice1. I will only say that of late years I have tried to write less picturesquely and moreexactly.a. disgustinglyb. irrationallyc. differentlyd. vividlyClozePeople form new companies to make and service goods because they hope to 1 a profit. They work to improve their goods and services, to devise new products, and to make a profit. A product must be something that 2 will choose to buy. This gives 3 consumers some power. Whatever they are will and able to buy is called demand. 4 is made and offered for sale is called supply. The demand for a product or service always affects the 5 of that product or service. For example, 6 consumers buy only small cars, manufactures will keep on making 7 . if consumers buy only large automobiles, manufacturers will make these 8 . sometimes, the quality of the service that is available will decide 9 cars are bought.Most goods are provided 10 more than one firm. In the auto industry several firms make and service small cars. These firms compete 11 sales. They try to learn just 12 the demand will be so that they can 13 exactly what the consumer want.14 keeps the quality of goods 15 falling very low. The consumer will buyproducts 16 work well and that require 17 servicing. He will not buy a 18 made auto, for instance, if there is a better 19 for sale at the same 20 .Reading Comprehension:The Odour of CheeseBy Jerome K. JeromeCheese, like oil, makes too much of itself. It wants the whole boat to itself. It goes through the hamper, and gives a c heesy flavour to everything else there. You can’t ell whether you are eating apple-pie or German sausage, or strawberries and cream. It all seems cheese. There is too much odour about cheese.I remember a friend of mine buying a couple of cheeses in Liverpool. Splendid cheeses they were, ripe and mellow, and with a two hundred horsepower scent about them that might have been warranted to carry three miles, and knock a men over at two hundred yards. I was in Liverpool at the time, and my friend said that i f I didn’t mind he would get me to take them back with me to London, as he should not be coming up for a day or two himself, and he did not think the cheese ought to be kept much longer.“Oh, with pleasure, dear boy,” I replied, “with pleasure.”I called for the cheeses, and took them away in a cab. It was a ramshackle affair, dragged along by a knock-kneed, broken-winded somnambulist, which his owner, in a moment of enthusiasm, during conversation, referred to as a horse. I put the cheeses on the top, and we started off at a shamble that would have done credit to the swiftest steam-roller ever built, and all went merry as a funeral bell, until we turned the corner. There, the wind carried a whiff from the cheeses full on to our steed. It woke him up, and with a snort of terror, he dashed off at three miles an hour. The wind still blew in his direction, and before we reached the end of the street he was laying himself out at the rate of nearly four miles an hour, leaving the cripples and stout ladies simplenowhere. It took two porters as well as the driver to hold him in at the station; and I do not think we would have done it, even then, had not one of the men had the presence of mind to put a handkerchief over his nose, and to light a bit of brown paper.I took my ticket, and marched proudly up the platform, with my cheeses, the people falling back respectfully on either side. The train was crowded, and I had to get into a carriage where there were already seven other people. One crusty old gentleman objected, but I got in, notwithstanding; and putting my cheeses upon the rack, squeezed down with a pleasant smile, and said it was a warm day. A few moments passed, and them the old gentleman began to fidget.“Very close in here,” he said.“Quite oppressive,” said the man next to him.And then they both began sniffing, and, at the third sniff, they caught it right on the chest, and rose up without another word and went out. And then a stout lady got up, and said it was disgraceful that a respectable married women should be harried about in this way, and gathered up a bag and eight parcels and went. The remaining four passengers sat on for a while, until a solemn-looking man in the corner who, from his dress and general appearance, seemed to being to the undertaker class, said it put him in mind of a dead baby; and the other three passengers tried to get out of the door at the same time, and hurt themselves.I smiled at the black gentleman, and said I thought we were going to have the carriage to ourselves; and he laughed pleasantly and said that some people made such a fuss over a little thing. But even he grew strangely depressed after we had started, and so, when we reached Crewe, I asked him to come and have a drink. He accepted, and we forced our way into the buffet, where we yelled, and stamped, and waved our umbrellas for a quarter of an hour; and then a young lady came and asked us if we wanted anything.“ What’s yours?” I said, turning to my friend.“I’ll have a half a crown’s worth of brandy, neat, if you please, miss,” he responded. And he went off quietly after he had drunk it and got into another carriage, which Ithought mean.From Crewe I had the compartment to myself, though the train was crowded. As we drew up at the different stations, the people, seeing my empty carriage, would rush for it. “Here y’ are, Maria; come along, plenty of room.” “All right, Tom; we’ll get in here,” they would shout. And they would run along, carrying heavy bags, and fight around the door to get in first. And one would open the door and mount the steps and stagger back into the arms of the man behind him; and they would all come and have a sniff, and then troop off and squeeze into other carriages, or pay the difference and go first.Form Euston I took the cheeses down to my friend’s house. When his wife came into the room she smelt round for an instant. Then she said:“ What is it? Tell me the worst.”I said: “It’s cheeses. Tom bought them in Liverpool, and asked me to bring them up with me.”And I added that I hoped she understood that it had nothing to do with me; and she said that she was sure of that, but that she would speak to Tom about it when he came back.My friend was detained in Liverpool longer than he expected; and three days late, as he hadn’t returned home, his wife called on me. She said: “What did Tom say about those cheeses?”I replied that he had directed they were to be kept in a moist place, and that nobody was to touch them.She said: “Nobody’s likely to touch them. Had he smelt them?”I thought he had, and added that he seemed greatly attached to them.“You think he would be upset,” she queried, “if I give a man a sovereign to take them away and bury them?”I answered that I thought he would never smile again.An idea struck her. She said: “Do you mind keeping them for him? Let me send them round to you.”“Madam,” I replied, “for myself I like the smell of cheeses, and the journey theother day with them from Liverpool I shall ever look back upon as a happy ending to a pleasant holiday. But, in this world, we must consider others. The lady under whose roof I have the honour of residing is a widow, and, for all I know, possible an orphan too. She ahs a strong, I may say, an eloquent objection to being what she terms ‘put upon’. The presence of your husband’s cheeses in her house she would, I instinctively feel, regard as a ‘put upon’, and it shall never be said that I put upon the widow and the orphan.”“Very well, then,” said my friend’s wife, rising, “al l I have to say is that I shall take the children and go to a hotel until those cheeses are eaten. I decline to live any longer in the same house with them.”She kept her word, leaving the place in charge of the charwoman. The hotel bill came to fifteen guineas; and my friend, after reckoning everything up, found that the cheeses had cost him eight-and-six pence a pound. He said he dearly loved a bit of cheeses, but it was beyond his means, so he determined to get rid of them. He threw them into the canal; but had to fish them out again, as the bargemen complained. They said it made them feel quite faint. And, after that, he took them one dark night and left them in the parish mortuary. But the coroner discovered them, and make a fearful fuss. He said it was a plot to deprive him of his living by waking up the corpses.My friend got rid of them, at last, by taking them down to a seaside town and burying them on the beach. It gained the place quite reputation. Visitors said they had never noticed before how strong the air was, and weak-chested and consumptive people used to throng there for years afterwards.A.Try to find out the most possible theme for this article.( 5 points)1.The odour of cheese is terrible.2.The cheese caused lots of trouble to the author and his friends.3.Cheese attempts to engage far more human attention than it reallydeserves.4.The interesting experience of the narrator as being seemingly totally unaware of the havoc caused by the cheeses.B.Paraphrase: explain the following sentences in your own words.(9 points, 3 points each)1.“Very close in here,” he said.2.And he went off quietly … and got into another carriage, which I thought mean.3. . … the people falling back respectfully on either side.C. True or False. (8 points, 2 points each)1. “Splendid cheeses they were, ripe and mellow,…” The author describes the cheeses in this way indicating that he loves the cheeses very much2. “…put a handkerchief over his nose, and to light a bit of brown paper.” They burn some brown paperto counteract the smell of the cheese.3. The author finally agreed to keep the cheese for a few days for his friend, Tom..4. The cheeses were finally eaten by my friend.D. What does “put upon” in this article mean?( 5 points)1. give something to somebody to keep2. take advantage of someone3. take something away from someoneE. Answer the following questions according to the article. (8 points, 4 points each)1. How could the author have the whole compartment to himself when the train was so crowded? What happened to those who had intended to get into this carriage?2. What was the reaction of the wife of the author’s friend when she received the cheeses?Read the following writing and then answer the questions.Horseman in the SkyBy Ambrose BierceOne sunny afternoon in the autumn of the year 1861, a soldier lay in a clump of laurel, by the side of a road in western Virginia. He lay at full length upon his stomach, his feet resting upon the toes, his head upon the left forearm. His extended right hand loosely grasped his rifle. But for a slight rhythmic movement of the cartridge box at the back of his belt he might have been thought to be dead. He was asleep at his post of duty. If detected he would be dead shortly afterward, death being the just and legal penalty for his crime.The clump of laurel in which the criminal lay was in the angle of a road which went zigzagging downward through the forest. At a second angle in the road was a large flat rock, jutting out northward, overlooking the deep valley from which the road ascended. The rock capped a high cliff; a stone dropped from its outer edge would have fallen sheer downward one thousand feet to the tops of the pines. The angle where the soldier lay was on the same cliff. Had he been awake it might well have made him giddy to look below.The country was wooded everywhere except at the bottom of the valley to the northward, where there was a small meadow, through which flowed a stream scarcely visible form the valley’s r im. This open ground looked hardly larger than an ordinary backyard but was really several acres in extent. Its green was more vivid than that of the enclosing forest. Away beyond it rose a similar line of giant cliffs. The valley, indeed, from this point of observation seemed entirely shut in, and one could but have wondered how the road had found a way into it.No country is so wild and difficult but men will make it a theater of war’ concealedin the forest at the bottom of that military rattrap in which half a hundred men in possession of the exits mi8ght have starved an army to submission, lay five regiments of Federal infantry. They had marched all the previous day and night and were resting. At nightfall they would take to the road again, climb to the place where their unfaithful sentinel now slept, and descending the other slope of the ridge, fall upon a camp in the rear of it. In case of failure, their position would be perilous in the extreme; and fail they surely would, should accident or vigilance apprise the enemy of the movement.The sleeping sentinel in the clump of laurel was a young Virginian named Carter Druse. He was the son of wealthy parents. His home was but a few miles from where he now lay. One morning he had risen from the breakfast table and said, quietly but gravely: “ Father, a Union regiment has arrived at Grafton. I am going to join it.”The father lifted his head, looked at the son a moment in silence, and replied: “Well, go sir, and whatever may occur, do what you concei ve to be your duty. Virginia, to which you are a traitor, must get on without you. Should we both live to the end of the war, we will speak further of the matter. Your mother, as the physician has informed you, is in a most critical condition; at the best she cannot be with us longer than a few weeks, but that time is precious. It would be better not to disturb her.”So Carter Druse, bowing to his father, who returned the salute with a stately courtesy, left the home of his childhood. By conscience and courage, devotion and daring, he soon commended himself to his fellows and his officers; and it was to these qualities and to some knowledge of the country that he owed his selection for his present duty at the extreme outpost. Nevertheless, fatigue had been stronger than resolution, and he had fallen asleep. What good or bad angel came in a dream, to rouse him, who shall say? He quietly raised his arm and looked between the masking branches of the laurels, instinctively closing his right hand about the stock of his rifle. His first feeling was a keen artistic delight. On the cliff —motionless at the extreme edge of the rock and sharply outlined against the sky —was a statue of impressive dignity. The figure of a man sat on the figure of a horse, straight and soldierly, but with the repose of a god carved in marble. The gray uniform harmonizedwith its background, softened and subdued by the right hand grasping it at the “grip”; the left hand, holding the bridle rein, was invisible. The face of the rider, turned slightly away, showed only an outline of temple and beard; he was looking downward to the bottom of the valley.For an instant Druse had a strange feeling that he had slept to the end of the war and was looking upon a noble work of art. The feeling was dispelled by a slight movement of the horse which had drawn its body slightly backward from the verge; the man remained of the situation, Druse now brought the butt of his rifle against his cheek by cautiously pushing the barrel forward through the bushes and, glancing through the sights, covered a vital spot on the horseman’s breast. A touch upon the trigger and all would have been well with Carter Druse. At that instant the horse man turned his head and looked in the direction of his concealed foe— seemed to look into his face, into his eyes.Carter Druse grew pale; he shook in every limb, turned faint. His hand fell away form his weapon, his head slowly dropped until his face rested on the leaves in which he lay.It was not for long; in another moment his face was raised form earth, his hands resumed their places on the rifle, his forefinger sought the trigger; mind, heart, and eyes were clear, conscience and reason sound. Eh could not hope to capture that enemy; to alarm him would but send him dashing to his camp. The duty of the alarm him would but send him dashing to his camp. The duty of the soldier was plain: the man must be shot dead from ambush— without warning. But no— there is a hope; he may have discovered nothing— perhaps he is but admiring the landscape. If permitted, he may turn and ride carelessly away. It may well be that his fixity of attention …. Druse turned his head and looked downward. He saw creeping across the green meadow a sinuous line of blue figures and horses—some foolish commander was permitting his soldiers to water their beasts in the open, in plain view from a dozen summits!Druse withdrew his eyes from the valley and fixed them again upon the man and horse in the sky, and again it was through the sights of his rifle. But this time his aimwas at the horse. In his memory rang the words of his father at their parting: “Whatever may occur, do what you conceive to be your duty.” He was calm now; not a tremor affected any muscle of his body; his breathing, until suspended in the act of taking aim, was regular and slow.He fired.After firing his shot, private Carter Druse reloaded his rifle and resumed his watch. Ten minutes had hardly passed when a Federal sergeant crept cautiously to him on hands and knees. Druse neither turned his head nor looked at him.“Did you fire?” the sergeant whispered.“Yes.”“At what?”“A horse. It was standing on yonder rock — pretty far our. You see it is no longer there. It went over the cliff.” The man’s face was white, but h e showed no other sign of emotion. Having answered, he turned away his eyes and said no more.The sergeant did not understand. “See here, Druse,” he said, after a moment’s silence, “it’s no use making a mystery. I order you to report. Was there anybody on the horse?”“Yes.”“Well?”“My father.”The sergeant slowly rose to his feet and walked away.A.Answer the following questions?(5 points, 2 points for 1, 3 points for 2)1.Why did he shift his aim from the breast of the horseman to the horse?2.“Bu t for a slight rhythmic movement of the cartridge box at the back of his belt, he might have been thought to be dead.” Was the soldier dead or alive? How do you know that he was alive?B.Paraphrase.(15 points, 3 points each)1.No country is so wild and difficult but men will make it a theatre of war.2.Nevertheless, fatigue had been stronger than resolution, and he had fallen asleep.3.For an instant Druse had a strange feeling that he had slept to the end of the war…4. Broad awake and keenly alive to the sign ificance of the situation,…5. A touch upon the trigger and all would have been well with Carter Druse.1. Except for the polar regions, the frontiers are gone.2. Rock music arena is a place where ideas clash and crash3. … my legs had turned to water again…4. One summer afternoon, sweet-milk fresh in my memory, she stopped at the store to buy provisions.5. For all but the last six, I have done the work—all the tedious details that make the difference betweenbetween victory and defeat on electi on day …。

福建师范大学2020年8月课程考试《高级英语(一)》作业考核试题

c.Before she reached a street light in front of a bookstore.
d.Before she got to a call box to the 102ndPolice Precinct.
6. Which statement is true?（Appetite）
7. Steel is anintegralpart of the modern skyscrapers.D
A. tedious B. difficult C. naive D. inherent
8. He is anovicewho has never prepared a meal.B
A. interesting B. layБайду номын сангаасan C. sin D. mistake
a.giving an honest self-analysis
b.entertaining the reader in a humorous tone.
c.expressing his dissatisfaction with his aunt.
d.describing a church service.
2. Birds of a feather ___B___ together.
A. lock B. flock C. block D. clock
3. Days and nights ___A_____.
A. alternate B. contemplate C. extricate D. minimize
《高级英语（一）》期末考试A卷
姓名：
专业：
学号：
学习中心：
成绩：

福建师范大学2022年8月课程考试《高级英语(一)》作业考核试题

《高级英语（一）》期末考试（A卷）答题纸姓名：专业：学号：学习中心：成绩：注意：全卷请在答题纸上作答，否则不得分！IV. Translate the following sentences into English (Please write down your answer on the Answer Sheet 20%)1.当我把书点了一下，我发现书架上总共有50本书。

When I counted the books, I found that there were 50 books in total on the shelf.2.过分激烈的争论只会引起意见分歧与不和。

An overly heated argument will only lead to differences of opinion and discord.3. 我们必须学会在错综复杂的矛盾中找出主要矛盾。

We must learn to find out the main contradiction among the complicated contradictions.4.我不知道他是怎么回事，但是他似乎不想说话。

I don't know what happened to him, but he doesn't seem to want to talk.5. 从某种程度上讲，他是中国儿童文学的先驱之一。

To some extent, he is one of the pioneers of Chinese children's literature.V. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.(Please write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. 20%)But you discover the great redeeming feature of poverty- the fact that it annihilates the future. Within certain limits, it is actually true that the less money you have, the less you worry. When you have a hundred francs in the world you are liable to the most craven panics. When you have only three francs you are quite indifferent, for three francs will feed you till tomorrow, and you cannot think further than that. You are bored, but you are not afraid.但是你会发现贫穷的巨大救赎特征——它毁灭了未来。

福建师范大学18年8月课程考试《高级英语阅读(一)》作业考核试题

《高级英语阅读（一）》期末考核题（请把答案打印在第二页答案卷上）I 翻译以下句子：（出自教材《高级英语阅读一》第48页，第4课Text A）All stress, positive or negative, stimulates a basic biological reaction called fight or flight. This is a hormonally stimulated state of arousal that prepares you to face whatever challenge is at hand, be it your daughter's wedding, a job interview, an argument with your spouse, or the assault of a would-be mugger.II Read Lesson 9，Text A “Shooting an Elephant”(教材第125-127页) ，answer the following questionsShooting an ElephantBy George OrwellOne day something happened which in a roundabout way was enlightening. It was a tiny incident in itself, but it gave me a better glimpse than I had had before of the real nature of imperialism—the real motives for which despotic governments act. Early one morning the sub-inspector at a police station on the other end of town rang me up on the phone and said that an elephant was ravaging the bazaar, Would I please come and do something about it? I did not know what I could do, but I wanted to see what was happening and I got on a pony and started out. I took my rifle, an old .44 Winchester and much too small to kill an elephant, but I thought the noise might be useful in terrorem. VariousBurmans stopped me on the way and told me about the elephant's doings, it was not, of course, a wild elephant, but a tame one which had gone "must." It had been chained up, as tame elephants always are when their attack of "must" is due, but on the previous night it had broken its chain and escaped. Its mahout, the only person who could manage it when it was in that state, had set out in pursuit, but had taken the wrong direction and was now twelve hours' journey away, and in the morning the elephant had suddenly reappeared in the town. The Burmese population had no weapons and were quite helpless against it. It had already destroyed somebody's bamboo hut, killed a cow and raided some fruit-stalls and devoured the stock; also it had met the municipal rubbish van and, when the driver jumped out and took to his heels, had turned the van over and inflicted violence upon it.The Burmese sub-inspector and some Indian constables were waiting for me in the quarter where the elephant had been seen. It was a very poor quarter, a labyrinth of squalid bamboo huts, thatched with palm-leaf, winding all over a steep hillside. I remember that it was a cloudy, stuffy morning at the beginning of the rains...There was a loud, scandalized cry of "Go away, child! Go away this instant!" and an old woman with a switch in her hand came round the corner of a hut, violently shooing away a crowd of naked children. Some more women followed, clicking their tongues and exclaiming; evidently there wassomething that the children ought not to have seen. I rounded the hut and saw a man's dead body sprawling in the mud. He was an Indian, a black Dravidian coolie, almost naked, and he could not have been dead many minutes. The people said that the elephant had come suddenly upon him round the corner of the hut, caught him with its trunk, put its foot on his back and ground him into the earth... As soon as I saw the dead man I sent an orderly to a friend's house nearby to borrow an elephant rifle.The orderly came back in a few minutes with a rifle and five cartridges, and mean-while some Burmans had arrived and told us that the elephant was in the paddy fields below, only a few hundred yards away. As I started forward practically the whole population of the quarter flocked out of the houses and followed me. They had seen the rifle and were all shouting excitedly that I was going to shoot the elephant. They had not shown much interest in the elephant when he was merely ravaging their homes, but it was different now that he was going to be shot. It was a bit of fun to them, as it would be to an English crowd; besides they wanted the meat. It made me vaguely uneasy. I had no intention of shooting the elephant I had merely sent for the rifle to defend myself if necessary w and it is always unnerving to have a crowd following you. I marched down the hill, looking and feeling a fool, with the rifle over my shoulder and an ever-growing army of people jostling atmy heels. At the bottom, the elephant was standing eight yards from the road, his left side towards us. He took not the slightest notice of the crowd's approach. He was tearing up bunches of grass, beating them against his knees to clean them and stuffing them into his mouth.I had halted on the road. As soon as I saw the elephant I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to shoot him. It is a serious matter to shoot a working elephant it is comparable to destroying a huge and costly piece of machinery m and obviously one ought not to do it if it can possibly be avoided. And at that distance, peacefully eating, the elephant looked no more dangerous than a cow. I thought then and I think now that his attack of "must" was already passing off; in which case he would merely wander harmlessly about until the mahout came back and caught him. Moreover, I did not in the least want to shoot him. I decided that I would watch him for a little while to make sure that he did not turn savage again, and then go home.But at that moment, I glanced round at the crowd that had followed me. It was an immense crowd, two thousand at the least and growing every minute. It blocked the road for a long distance on either side. I looked at the sea of yellow faces above the garish clothes—faces all happy and excited over this bit of fun, all certain that the elephant was going to be shot. They were watching me as they would watch a conjuror about to perform a trick. They did not like me, but with the magical riflein my hands I was momentarily worth watching. And suddenly I realized that I should have to shoot the elephant after all. The people expected it of me and I had got to do it; I could feel their two thousand wills pressing me forward, irresistibly. And it was at this moment, as I stood there with the rifle in my hands, that I first grasped the hollowness, the futility of the white man's dominion in the East. Here was I, the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowd—seemingly the leading ac- tor of the piece; but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the ,Mil of those yellow faces behind. I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his tire in trying to impress the "natives," and so in every crisis he has got to do what the "natives" expect of him. He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it. I had got to shoot the elephant. I had committed myself to doing it when 1 sent for the rifle. A sahib has got to act like a sahib; he has got to appear resolute, to know his own mind and do definite things. T o come all that way, rifle in hand, with two thousand people marching at my heels, and then to trail feebly away, having done nothing—no, that was impossible. The crowd would laugh at me. And my whole life, every white man's life in the East, was one long struggle not to be laughed at.It was perfectly clear to me what I ought to do. I ought to walk up to within, say, twenty-five yards of the elephant and test his behavior. If he charged, I could shoot; if he took no notice of me, it would be safe to leave him until the mahout came back. But also 1 knew that I was going to do no such thing. I was a poor shot with a rifle and the ground was soft mud into which one would sink at every step. If the elephant charged and I missed him, I should have about as much chance as a toad under a steam-roller. But even then I was not thinking particularly of my own skin, only of the watchful yellow faces behind. For at that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as I would have been ill had been alone. A white man mustn't be frightened in front of "natives"; and so, in general, he isn't frightened. The sole thought in my mind was that if anything went wrong those two thousand Burmans would see me pursued, caught, trampled on and reduced to a grinning corpse like that Indian up the hill. And if that happened it was quite probable that some of them would laugh. That would never do. There was only one alternative. I shoved the cartridges into the magazine and lay down on the read to get a better aim.Afterwards, of course, there were endless discussions about the shooting of the elephant. The owner was furious, but he was only an Indian and could do nothing. Besides, legally I had done the right thing, for a mad elephant has to be killed, like a mad dog, if its owner fails tocontrol it. Among the Europeans opinion was divided. The older men said I was right, the younger men said it was a damn shame to shoot an elephant for killing a coolie, because the elephant was worth more than any damn Coringhee coolie. And afterwards I was very glad that the coolie had been killed; it put me legally in the right and it gave me sufficient pretext for shooting the elephant. I often wondered whether any of the others grasped that I had done it solely to avoid looking a fool.1.How did the writer get involved in the incident in the very beginning?2. what did the writer learn or realize from this story?III Read Lesson 6 Text B“Unwilling to School”Judge whether the following statements are true or false.:（阅读教材第6课课文B，判断对错）Unwillingly to SchoolBy Katrin Fitz HerbertEvery child with a poor school attendance record is a child in danger. At best, he is in danger of not fulfilling his educational potential; at worst,he is in danger of cruelty or neglect.Enforced school absence in childhood is sometimes used by adults to justify their own career failure. It is difficult for a child to play truant regularly if his parents are keen for him to attend school. Much truancy is openly condoned; as for the rest, not knowing that your children play truant is equivalent to not ensuring that they are at school. It shows lack of interest in their whereabouts, apathy about their education, or inability to control them —i.e., ineffective parents...The characteristics which lead families to reject regular schooling are likely to have other detrimental effects on the children besides educational failure. For what could make parents decide that the most widely agreed route to secure employment, social acceptance and personal satisfaction is not for them? The first reason is a general difficulty in dealing with family responsibilities, particularly in the stressful environment of modern cities. Getting the child to school on time is too much to cope with (alarm clock, breakfast, clothes, shoes, gym clothes, lunch money). Secondly, the child's company may comfort a depressed, isolated mother.The school's insistence on uniforms or other obligations and, possibly, its undisguised disapproval of an "inadequate" family, may be the last straw. Children who grow up in such families are likely to be deprived in many ways besides education.In these families, education is written off as a waste of time. For a child growing up, this is possibly more serious than the loss of education. Habitual non-attendance can accustom children very early in their lives to rejecting the values and legal requirements of society. It is a training in deviance and anti-social behaviour which can lay the foundation for a generally deviant career. The common progression from truancy or parentally-condoned absence to juvenile crime has been reliably established.In greatest danger of all is the child who successfully plays truant for long periods without his parents' knowledge. His personal isolation and alienation, not just from conventional behaviour but from his own family, puts him in danger of delinquency, drugs or mental illness in later life. Truancy has been called the "kindergarten of crime", and bad school attendance spells failure and possible unemployment in later life.It was soon realized that non-attendance was too complex and serious a problem to be dealt with by education departments alone. Much responsibility for school attendance was, therefore, transferred to social workers. This move has, on its own, however, possibly created as many problems as it has solved. This is because the seriousness with which they regard non-attendance is an issue on which social workers and workers in education differ. Social workers tend to regard it as merely one symptom of social failure which, particularly if homelessness,physical neglect, marital problems and illness are present, does not justify more attention than the rest.Workers in education consider the other problems as all the more reason why the children concerned should have the advantage of regular schooling. The longer they stay truant, the greater are their chances of getting into further trouble. One chief education welfare officer told me: "The best form of social service you can do for deprived children is to see that they receive education in the normal school setting."I was given access to a few cases of nine-year-old children selected by their head teacher for causing concern due to problems arising outside school. I read their files and talked to the workers involved about how each, from his professional point of view, saw the chain of events since the initial referral. In cases concerned with school absence, this method produced a commentary of the slow progression towards stalemate which can occur when two departments with different priorities are jointly responsible for solving the same problem. For how can a decisive plan for action ever be formed if it depends on the cooperation of two people who basically disagree?Non-attendance can so injure a child's life chances that it deserves to be tackled by a more single-minded attack than this. A concerted policy should focus on the following areas: first, the school's own capacity for holding the interest of pupils; second, its efficiency inregistering unexplained absences; third, school-oriented social work; fourth, boarding schools; and fifth, public attitude.The general climate of a school is obviously a powerful factor in a child's decision to play truant, so creating an acceptable school atmosphere is one of the most challenging assignments teachers face. It must, however, be distinguished from the separate task of setting up efficient machinery for following up suspected truants. This consists of treating any unexplained absence—even lateness, which is often an indication of absence to come as serious. If the school immediately queries the first and subsequent unexplained absence, it will be much more difficult for the child to become a habitual absentee.The school's success in keeping non-attendance to a minimum also depends on the effectiveness of its education welfare officer, the official link between school and home. Ideally, when alerted about a suspected absence, he makes an immediate home visit to see what has gone wrong. In the first instance he may simply go to "collect excuses", gradually forming his own idea of the real reason for the child's absence the child is bullied at school, the mother is unhappy when the child is at school, the family does not get up in time, the parents don't know about the truancy, the child has not got a uniform, and so on. Though the officer will do what he can to alleviate any problem he stumbles on, his main interest is to get the child back to school.Another ingredient of a general attack on chronic non-attendance should be boarding education. Every Education Welfare Officer has his core of cases of children whose parents do not believe in education; who have such psychological problems of their own that they need their children for company or who are so anti-authority that they will not hand their children over to any representatives of the "establishment" they detest. These are the parents with whom the officer, and the school or social workers get nowhere and whose children get no education to speak of, if left in their home environment.Teachers, education welfare officers and social workers are sometimes excessively reluctant to consider boarding school. They regard it as a punitive action with a certain finality for the child. Many referrals are, therefore, made too late to be really useful. Sending a child to a boarding school should be to improve a situation which is not going well. However, everybody is so wary of it, that we tend to use it when it is really too late; when parents are ready to be relieved of a child who is a problem—thus giving the child good reason to feel rejected. When the child is still wanted, and sent to boarding school against his parents' will, then it can really solve the problem by answering the child's educational needs, without destroying family bonds.Finally, the public apathy towards truancy is a positive incentive to children who have difficulties at school. The man in the street, even whenknocked sideways by a diminutive footballer during school hours, merely curses and walks on. Would absence rates be any different if the public occasionally "had a go" at obvious non-attenders and encouraged them to give their teachers another chance to make school worthwhile for them?1.Every child with poor school attendance record is unable to fulfill his educational potential and is going to suffer cruelty or neglect.2. Many parents do not know that their children play truant regularly, which shows their lack of interest in their children’s education or inability to control them.3. Parent’s difficulty in dealing with family responsibility is not a reason which leads families to reject regular schooling.4. Habitual non-attendance can cause children reject the values and legal requirements of society very early in their lives.5. Truancy or parentally-condoned absence may or may not lead to juvenile crime.6. Mental illness in later life is another bad effect of truancy.7. Non-attendance is such a complex and serious problem that it can’t be dealt with by education department alone.8. According to this passage, the social workers and educational department didn’t cooperate very well because they disagreebasically.9. According to the writer ,registering unexplained absence is not very effective to resolve regular non-attendance.10. Unlike the parents, the teachers , social workers and education welfare officers are unwilling to send truants to boarding school in the early stage.答案卷I，TranslationII，Answer questions:１．２．III判断对错:１－５：＿＿＿＿＿6-10 ：＿＿＿＿＿。

(完整word版)高级英语1 末考复习参考

;Unit1Paraphrase：1. We're elevated 23 feet. (para 3)We're 23 feet above sea level./Our house is 23 feet above sea level.2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. (para 3) PersonificationThe house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. The house was built in 1915, and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it.3. We can batten down and ride it out. (para 4)MataphorWe can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. (para 9)Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! (para 10) elliptical sentenceEverybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para 11)The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water/destroyed by water.7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. (para 17)As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Get us through this mess, will you? (para 17)Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. (para 21)Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis had just one delayed reaction. (para 34)Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. Janis didn’t show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she reavealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly.Translation:虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。

高英期末复习资料

高英期末复习资料Lesson 1Paraphrase1.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings.2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view.3.In fact,the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to loss.Actually,a person who is good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s lives.5.…it could still go ignorantly on.The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.They are cattle in the fields,but we sit down to beef(boeuf).These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields;but when we sit down at the table to eat,we call their meat beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building theirFrench against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of therulers.8.…English had come royally into its own.The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously bythe lower classes.The phrase,the Ki ng’s English,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.There still exists in the working people,as in the early Saxon peasants,a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is always a great danger,as Carlyle put it,that “words will harden intothings for us.”As Carlyle pointed out,there is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.12.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips andslides in conversation.Even the most learned and the most literate people do not use standard,formal English all the time in their conversation.Translation1.However intricate the way in which animals communicate with each other, they do notindulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.而动物之间的信息交流，无论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交际的。

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福师《高级英语（一）》第八课
I’d Rather Be Black than Female
Chisholm, Shirley(1924～), American legislator, who in 1968 became the first black woman elected to the Congress of the United States. Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm was born in Brooklyn, New York, and educated at Brooklyn College and Columbia University. In 1953, having worked as a teacher and director of nursery schools and child-care centers, she joined the New York City Bureau of Child Welfare. Turning to politics, she served in the New York State Assembly from 1964 to 1968. Elected to Congress in 1968, she served in the United States House of Representatives for seven terms (1969～1983), advocating women's rights, abortion reform, day care, environmental protection, job training, and an end to the Vietnam War (1959～1975). She also spoke out against the seniority system in Congress. Chisholm ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1972. After declining to run for an eighth term in the House of Representatives in 1982, Chisholm became a professor at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts. She wrote Unbought and Unbossed (1970) and The Good Fight (1973).
Background
Two issues are involved in the article: racial and sexual discrimination. While many Americans are now condemning racial discrimination against the blacks, not many are really ready to admit that there is still prejudice against women. The twentieth century is still a man’s world. Indeed, no country can boast that its women enjoy full equality with men. In many so-called “free and democratic countries”, the equality is largely nominal（名义上的）.
Sexual discrimination has a longer history than racial discrimination, and is therefore more deep-rooted in the minds of millions of people. It has now been accepted as axiomatic that equal rights to vote and to be elected to national office are fundamental to women’s status. Equality of franchise with men was fought for ardently and for a long time by a dedicated minority against heavy resistance on the part of the “established”. By 1971, of the 129 countries that were members of the UN or the specialized agencies or were parties to the status of the international Court of Justice, all but eight allowed women to vote in all elections and to be eligible for election on the same basis with men.
Equal voting rights for women came to the United States as late as 1920. The right to vote is an essential means of influencing the distribution of political power, but the percentage of women elected as members of congress is only about 2% in the United States House of Representatives. After more than half a century of women’s suffrage, the number of women in high positions of political power and influence in the U. S. is still small enough for them to be known by name.
The author, Shirley Chisholm, being black and female at the same time, had to face up to the double prejudice against her. So she says, “Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon.”。