Ch01 Introduction to the Atmosphere
atmosphere的用法总结大全
atmosphere的用法总结大全atmosphere是空气的意思，也可以用来表示气氛，想了解更多的，和小编一起学习吧！释义atmospheren. 气氛;大气;空气词组短语earth's atmosphere 地球大气social atmosphere 社会气氛academic atmosphere n. 学业风气，学习氛围working atmosphere 工作环境upper atmosphere 上层大气;高空大气controlled atmosphere 受控大气;人造大气protective atmosphere 保护气氛;保护蒙气atmosphere pressure 大气压力，大气压强lower atmosphere 低层大气，下层大气furnace atmosphere 炉气氛，炉内气氛;炉内蒙气oxidizing atmosphere 氧化气氛;权化气氛gas atmosphere 气氛explosive atmosphere 易爆气体环境;爆燃性空气inert atmosphere 惰性气氛reducing atmosphere 还原空气;还原性气氛;还原性蒙气neutral atmosphere 中性气氛;中性大气;中性蒙气standard atmosphere 标准大气tragic atmosphere 悲剧气氛词语辨析gas, atmosphere, air这些名词均与空气有关。
gas 指气态物，尤指供燃烧取暖或照明的气体，其中一部分称作瓦斯。
atmosphere 指围绕有的星球，特别是围绕地球的空气，即大气层。
也可指环境气氛。
air 指空气，也泛指一般气体。
例句Our tests are not polluting the atmosphere.我们的试验并不沾污大气层。
Aerosols are present throughout the atmosphere.气溶胶存在于整个大气层。
新时代研究生学术英语教程1第一单元
新时代研究生学术英语教程1第一单元Here is an essay with over 1,000 words on the topic "New Era Graduate Academic English Course 1 Unit 1":In the new era of globalization and technological advancements, the acquisition of academic English proficiency has become increasingly crucial for graduate students. As they embark on their research journeys, the ability to effectively communicate their ideas, findings, and insights to an international audience has become a critical skill. The "New Era Graduate Academic English Course 1 Unit 1" aims to equip students with the necessary tools and strategies to thrive in this dynamic academic landscape.The first unit of this course focuses on the fundamental aspects of academic writing, a cornerstone of graduate-level research and scholarship. Students will be introduced to the core elements of academic discourse, including the organization and structure of research papers, the use of appropriate language and tone, and the importance of coherence and clarity in their written communication.One of the primary objectives of this unit is to help students develop a strong foundation in the conventions of academic writing. Thisincludes understanding the purpose and structure of different sections within a research paper, such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion. By mastering these components, students will be better equipped to effectively convey their research objectives, contextualize their work within the existing body of knowledge, and present their findings in a logical and compelling manner.Furthermore, this unit emphasizes the significance of academic voice and tone. Graduate students are expected to adopt a formal, objective, and impersonal style in their writing, demonstrating their depth of understanding and critical thinking abilities. Through targeted exercises and feedback, students will learn to avoid common pitfalls, such as the overuse of personal pronouns, colloquial language, and emotional appeals, and instead cultivate a more academic and authoritative writing style.In addition to the structural and stylistic aspects of academic writing, this unit also addresses the fundamental principles of effective paragraph and sentence construction. Students will explore techniques for developing coherent and well-structured paragraphs, including the use of topic sentences, supporting evidence, and logical transitions. They will also delve into the nuances of sentence structure, exploring ways to vary sentence length, complexity, and rhythm to enhance the overall flow and readability of their work.One of the key focuses of this unit is the development of critical thinking and analysis skills. Graduate students are expected to engage in in-depth research, synthesize complex information, and formulate original arguments. This unit will guide students in honing these essential skills, teaching them how to critically evaluate sources, identify key themes and patterns, and construct persuasive and well-reasoned arguments.Furthermore, this unit emphasizes the importance of academic integrity and proper citation practices. Students will learn how to effectively incorporate and cite sources, ensuring that they avoid plagiarism and maintain the highest standards of scholarly ethics. They will be introduced to various citation styles, such as APA and MLA, and will practice implementing these guidelines throughout their academic writing.Another crucial aspect of this unit is the development of research skills. Graduate students are expected to be proficient in searching for, evaluating, and integrating relevant literature into their work. This unit will equip students with strategies for effectively navigating academic databases, identifying authoritative sources, and synthesizing the existing body of knowledge to support their research objectives.In addition to the core components of academic writing, this unit also addresses the importance of audience awareness and professional communication. Students will learn how to tailor their writing style and tone to specific academic or professional contexts, ensuring that their work is accessible and impactful to their intended readers. This includes strategies for effectively communicating complex ideas to both specialist and non-specialist audiences.Throughout this unit, students will have ample opportunities to apply the concepts and skills they have learned through a series of practical exercises and writing assignments. These activities will not only reinforce their understanding of academic writing but also provide valuable feedback and guidance from experienced instructors.By the end of this unit, students will have developed a comprehensive set of academic writing skills that will serve them well throughout their graduate studies and beyond. They will be equipped with the confidence and competence to effectively communicate their research, engage in scholarly discourse, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.In conclusion, the "New Era Graduate Academic English Course 1 Unit 1" is a crucial stepping stone in the academic journey ofgraduate students. By mastering the fundamental principles of academic writing, critical thinking, and research skills, students will be well-positioned to excel in their graduate programs and to make meaningful contributions to the global academic community.。
TestBank_Ch01
Management Information Systems Test BankChapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today1 True-False Questions1) Developing a new product, fulfilling an order, and hiring a new employee are examples of business processes.Answer: TRUE2) A fully digital firm produces only digital goods or services.Answer: FALSE3) A business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.Answer: TRUE4) Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives, whereas information systems consist of all the software and business processes needed.Answer: FALSE5) Computers are only part of an information system.Answer: TRUE6) Information systems literacy describes the behavioral approach to information systems, whereas computer literacy describes the technical approach.Answer: FALSE7) The dimensions of information systems are management, organizations, and information technology.Answer: TRUE8) In order to understand how a specific business firm uses information systems, you need to know something about the hierarchy and culture of the company.Answer: TRUE9) Business processes are logically related tasks for accomplishing tasks that have been formally encoded by an organization.Answer: FALSE10) There are four major business functions: Sales and marketing; manufacturing and production; finance and accounting; and information technology.Answer: FALSE11) A substantial part of management responsibility is creative work driven by new knowledge and information.Answer: TRUE12) An IT infrastructure provides the platform on which the firm can build its information systems. Answer: TRUE13) Government and private sector standards are examples of complementary social assets required to optimize returns from IT investments.Answer: TRUE14) A firm that invests in efficient business processes is making an investment in organizational complementary assets.Answer: TRUE15) The behavioral approach to information systems focuses on changes in attitudes, management and organizational policy, and behavior.Answer: TRUE2 Multiple-Choice Questions1) The six important business objectives of information technology are new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; survival; competitive advantage; operational excellence; andA) improved flexibility. B) improved decision making.C) improved business practices. D) improved efficiency.Answer: B2) The use of information systems because of necessity describes the business objective ofA) survival. B) improved business practices.C) competitive advantage. D) improved flexibility.Answer: A3) Which of the following choices may lead to competitive advantage: (1) new products, services, and business models; (2) charging less for superior products; (3) responding to customers in real time?A) 1 only B) 1 and 2C) 2 and 3 D) 1, 2, and 3Answer: D4) An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to supportA) decision making and control in an organization.B) communications and data flow.C) managers analyzing the organization's raw data.D) the creation of new products and services.Answer: A5) The three activities in an information system that produce the information organizations use to control operations areA) information retrieval, research, and analysis.B) input, output, and feedback.C) input, processing, and output.D) data analysis, processing, and feedback.Answer: C6) Order data for baseball tickets and bar code data are examples ofA) raw input. B) raw output.C) customer and product data. D) sales information.Answer: A7) The average number of tickets sold daily online is an example ofA) input. B) raw data.C) meaningful information. D) feedback.Answer: C8) OutputA) is feedback that has been processed to create meaningful information.B) is information that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate the input stage.C) transfers data to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.D) transfers processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.Answer: D9) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is calledA) capturing. B) processing.C) organizing. D) feedback.Answer: B10) The field that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm is calledA) information systems literacy.B) information systems architecture.C) management information systems.D) information technology infrastructure.Answer: C11) The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been accepted by most of a company's members is called itsA) culture. B) environment.C) atmosphere. D) values.Answer: A12) Networking and telecommunications technologies, along with computer hardware, software, data management technology, and the people required to run and manage them, constitute anorganization'sA) data management environment. B) networked environment.C) IT infrastructure. D) information system.Answer: C13) Maintaining the organization's financial records is a central purpose of which main business function?A) manufacturing and accounting B) finance and accountingC) sales and manufacturing D) finance and salesAnswer: B14) In a business hierarchy, the level that is responsible for monitoring the daily activities of the business isA) middle management. B) service workers.C) production management. D) operational management.Answer: D15) Which of the following are environmental actors that interact with an organization and its information systems?A) customers B) suppliersC) regulatory agencies D) all of the aboveAnswer: D16) A corporation that funds a political action committee, which in turn promotes and funds a political candidate who agrees with the values of that corporation, could be seen as investing in which main category of complementary assets?A) managerial B) governmentalC) social D) organizationalAnswer: C17) An example of an organizational complementary asset isA) using the appropriate business model.B) a collaborative work environment.C) laws and regulations.D) all of the above.Answer: A18) An example of a social complementary asset isA) technology and service firms in adjacent markets.B) training programs.C) distributed decision-making rights.D) all of the above.Answer: A19) Disciplines that contribute to the technical approach to information systems are:A) computer science, engineering, and networking.B) operations research, management science, and computer science.C) engineering, utilization management, and computer science.D) management science, computer science, and engineering.Answer: B20) Sociologists study information systems with an eye to understandingA) how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations.B) how human decision makers perceive and use formal information.C) how new information systems change the control and cost structures within the firm.D) the production of digital goods.Answer: A21) Psychologists study information systems with an eye to understandingA) how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations.B) how human decision makers perceive and use formal information.C) how new information systems change the control and cost structures within the firm.D) the production of digital goods.Answer: B22) Which of the following are key corporate assets?A) intellectual property, core competencies, and financial and human assetsB) production technologies and business processes for sales, marketing, and financeC) knowledge and the firm's tangible assets, such as goods or servicesD) time and knowledgeAnswer: A23) A firm that must invest in new information systems capabilities in order to comply with federal legislation can be said to be investing to achieve which business objective?A) customer intimacy B) operational excellenceC) survival D) improved reportingAnswer: C24) Which field of study focuses on both a behavioral and technical understanding of information systems?A) sociology B) operations researchC) economics D) management information systemsAnswer: D25) The three principle levels within a business organization hierarchy areA) senior management, operational management, and service workers.B) senior management, middle management, and operational management.C) senior management, operational management, and information systems.D) senior management, middle management, and service workers.Answer: B26 ) Which main business function is responsible for maintaining employee records?A) sales and marketing B) human resourcesC) finance and accounting D) manufacturing and productionAnswer: B27) The shared information technology resources for the organization are called its:A) MIS plan. B) operational networkC) IT infrastructure D) business infrastructureAnswer: C28) Promoting the organ ization’s products and services is a business function of:A) manufacturing and production B) finance and accountingC) human resources D) sales and marketingAnswer:D29) A broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers is called:A) computer literacy B) technology literacy.C) management literacy D) information systems literacy.Answer: D30) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is called:A) capturing B) processing.C) controlling D) feedback.Answer: B3 Fill in the Blanks1) A(n) ________ is one where nearly all significant business processes and relationships are managed through digital means.Answer: digital firm2) ________ refer to the set of logically related tasks and behaviors that organizations develop over time to produce specific business results and the unique manner in which these activities are organized.Answer: Business processes3) A ________ describes how a company produces, delivers and sells a product or service to create wealth.Answer: business model4) A(n) ________ is composed of interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.Answer: information system5) ________ is data that has been shaped into a form that is meaningful to human beings.Answer: Information6) To fully understand information systems, you must understand the broader , management and technology dimensions of system.Answer: Feedback7) A(n) ________ refer to broader understanding of information systems, which encompasses an understanding of the management and organizational dimensions as well as the technical dimensions of systems.Answer: information systems literacy8) In a(n) ________ perspective, the performance of a system is optimized when both the technology and the organization mutually adjust to one another until a satisfactory fit is obtained. Answer: sociotechnical9) ________ makes long-range strategic decisions about the firm's products and services. Answer: Senior management10) ________ refer to those assets required to derive value from a primary investment. Answer: Complementary assets4 Essay Questions1) Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today? Answer: Information systems are the foundation for conducting business today. In many industries, survival and even existence without extensive use of IT is inconceivable, and IT plays a critical role in increasing productivity.Six reasons why information systems are so important for business today include:(1) Operational excellence(2) New products, services, and business models(3) Customer and supplier intimacy(4) Improved decision making(5) Competitive advantage(6) Survival2) What exactly is an information system?Answer: We can define information systems from both a technology and a business perspective. Technology perspective: An information system is a set of interrelated components that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.Business Perspective: An information system represents an organizational and management solution based on information technology, to a challenge or problem posed by the environment.3) List and describe the organizational, management, and technology dimensions of information systems.Answer:•Organization: The organization dimension of information systems involves issues such as the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes, culture, and political interest groups.•Management: The management dimension of information systems involves setting organizational strategies, allocating human and financial resources, creating new products and services and re-creating the organization if necessary.•Technology: The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software, data management technology, and networking/telecommunications technology.4) Describe the sociotechnical perspective on information systems.Answer: A sociotechnical perspective combines the technical approach and behavior approach to achieve optimal organizational performance. Technology must be changed and designed to fit organizational and individual needs and not the other way around. Organizations and individuals much also change through training, learning, and allowing technology to operate and prosper.。
大学英语快速阅读1TheEarth27sAtmosphere带翻译
Unless it's raining or the wind is blowing, we don't usually pay much attention to the atmosphere, the blanket of air that surrounds the Earth. Yet, without the atmosphere, the Earth would be a desolate (荒芜的) planet with no signs of life!The atmosphere plays several roles in helping to make life possible. First, theatmosphere provides the three gases necessary for life: oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. All animals, including ourselves, breathe oxygen. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are both needed for plant growth. Less important atmospheric gases include argon, neon, helium, and hydrogen.Second, the atmosphere also protects us from most of the sun's high-energy ultraviolet light rays, which are harmful tolife. Although these rays are only a small part of the sunlight striking the Earth, they are known to be very dangerous. However, 99 percent of all ultraviolet rays are absorbed before they reach the Earth's surface. They are absorbed by an atmospheric gas, called ozone, a type of oxygen gas. The ozone layer surrounds the Earth but is much thinner over the North and South Poles than over other regions of the Earth.The one percent of the ultraviolet light in the atmosphere that does reach the Earth's surface is known to cause sunburn and is now believed to also cause skin cancer in many people.Because of this, doctors recommend that people limit the amount of time they spend in direct sunlight and wear a suntan lotion ( 防晒油) that blocks the ultraviolet rays when they do sunbathe.Finally, the atmosphere generates all types of weather such as clear blue skies and storms. It acts as a huge energy machine, changing sunlight into other forms of energy such as heat and wind. As part of this role, the atmosphere regulates the temperature on the Earth's surface. First it allows only 46 percent of the sunlight striking it to pass through and actually reach the Earth's surface. Second, carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere controls theamount of warmth on the Earth's surface that is allowed to radiate ( 发散) back into space. By these two controlling devices, the atmosphere regulates the Earth's surface temperature.Choose the best answers to the following questions.1.Which of the following is trueaccording tothe passage?A.The ozone layer is much thicker over North America than over the North Pole.B.Ozone is a type of a nitrogen gas.C.Ozone can absorb some ultraviolet rays before they reach the Earth's surface.D.Ozone can protect us from anything harmful to our life.2.The main idea of the third paragraph isthat __ .A.the Earth is surrounded by a layer of ozoneB.99 percent of all ultraviolet light rays that reach the Earth's surface are absorbed by the ozone layerC.the o zone layer protects people from the sun's high-energy ultraviolet light raysD.ozone is an atmospheric gaswhich surrounds the Earth3.According to the article, carbon dioxide ________________________A.is a less important atmospheric gasB.controls the amount of warmth onthe Earth's surfaceC.allows only 46 percent of sunlightto reach the Earth's surfaceD.acts l ike a huge energy machine4.Doctors suggest that ______ .A.people should stay away from the sunlight to protect themselves from the sunburnB.people should block the ultraviolet rays when they do sunbatheC.people should wear a suntan lotion under direct sunlightD.people should know that skin cancer results from sunbathing5. The Earth would be a desolate planet without the atmosphere because __A.the atmosphere is mainly composedof oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen,which are indispensable to our life B.the a tmosphere plays several rolesin making life possibleC.the a tmosphere allows onlyharmless rays to reach the Earth D.the a tmosphere controls theamount of warmth on the Earth'ssurfaceComplete the following sentences with the information given in the passage.1. The ozone layer over other regions of the Earth is____ than that over theNorth and South Pole.KEY: much thicker2. It is____that changes sunlight into other forms of energy.KEY: the atmosphere3.Although_____are mostly absorbed by the ozorie layer, doctors suggest thatpeople should limit the amount of time spent in direct sunlight.KEY: high-energy ultravioletlight raysCompared with argon, neon andhydrogen,are more important inhelping to make life possible.KEY: oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide5. The purpose of wearing a suntan lotion is toKEY: protect people fromsunburn and skin cancer 翻译：地球的大气层除非下雨或风在吹，我们通常不会注重气氛，周围的空气，地球毯子。
Introduction to the subject
Introduction to the subject——EnglishNow we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in society. We can't ignore the fact that English plays an crucial part in people's life.As we all foreknow, English is regarding as international language. In other words English is used widely in the world. Many of the countries make English as their official language.People from different backgrounds have different attitudes towards learn English, there are some people take the attitude that with time going by, our country is getting stronger and stronger so that it's unnecessary for us to learn English. Not only that, they also believe that Chinese will be regarded as a global language someday.But now, we must recognize the fact that English is the global real language. Just thinking, what if you meet a foreigner whom lost in the street? What if you get lost when you are abroad? Or what if you want to pass on a foreigner? Through these simple examples, it is not difficult to discover that English is used in our life everywhere and no matter whom can live abroad without English.Besides, English is the most simple language. It only has 26 letters so that it won't have a lot of vocabularies like chinese. In addition, it not as complicated as Chinese so that it's easy to appreciate and to learn.With the exception of that, either a wonderful English writing or fluent oral English will make you stand out to get an ideal job after you have graduated from university.In a word, learning English is extremely important for us. As far as I'm concerned, English learning is quite useful. It's worth the efforts we pay on it.。
AnIntroductionto...
Explorations in Quantum Computing, Colin P. Williams, Springer, 2010, 1846288878, 9781846288876, . By the year 2020, the basic memory components of a computer will be the size of individual atoms. At such scales, the current theory of computation will become invalid. 'Quantum computing' is reinventing the foundations of computer science and information theory in a way that is consistent with quantum physics - the most accurate model of reality currently known. Remarkably, this theory predicts that quantum computers can perform certain tasks breathtakingly faster than classical computers and, better yet, can accomplish mind-boggling feats such as teleporting information, breaking supposedly 'unbreakable' codes, generating true random numbers, and communicating with messages that betray the presence of eavesdropping. This widely anticipated second edition of Explorations in Quantum Computing explains these burgeoning developments in simple terms, and describes the key technological hurdles that must be overcome to make quantum computers a reality. This easy-to-read, time-tested, and comprehensive textbook provides a fresh perspective on the capabilities of quantum computers, and supplies readers with the tools necessary to make their own foray into this exciting field. Topics and features: concludes each chapter with exercises and a summary of the material covered; provides an introduction to the basic mathematical formalism of quantum computing, and the quantum effects that can be harnessed for non-classical computation; discusses the concepts of quantum gates, entangling power, quantum circuits, quantum Fourier, wavelet, and cosine transforms, and quantum universality, computability, and complexity; examines the potential applications of quantum computers in areas such as search, code-breaking, solving NP-Complete problems, quantum simulation, quantum chemistry, and mathematics; investigates the uses of quantum information, including quantum teleportation, superdense coding, quantum data compression, quantum cloning, quantum negation, and quantumcryptography; reviews the advancements made towards practical quantum computers, covering developments in quantum error correction and avoidance, and alternative models of quantum computation. This text/reference is ideal for anyone wishing to learn more about this incredible, perhaps 'ultimate,' computer revolution. Dr. Colin P. Williams is Program Manager for Advanced Computing Paradigms at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and CEO of Xtreme Energetics, Inc. an advanced solar energy company. Dr. Williams has taught quantum computing and quantum information theory as an acting Associate Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University. He has spent over a decade inspiring and leading high technology teams and building business relationships with and Silicon Valley companies. Today his interests include terrestrial and Space-based power generation, quantum computing, cognitive computing, computational material design, visualization, artificial intelligence, evolutionary computing, and remote olfaction. He was formerly a Research Scientist at Xerox PARC and a Research Assistant to Prof. Stephen W. Hawking, Cambridge University..Quantum Computer Science An Introduction, N. David Mermin, Aug 30, 2007, Computers, 220 pages. A concise introduction to quantum computation for computer scientists who know nothing about quantum theory..Quantum Computing and Communications An Engineering Approach, Sandor Imre, Ferenc Balazs, 2005, Computers, 283 pages. Quantum computers will revolutionize the way telecommunications networks function. Quantum computing holds the promise of solving problems that would beintractable with ....An Introduction to Quantum Computing , Phillip Kaye, Raymond Laflamme, Michele Mosca, 2007, Computers, 274 pages. The authors provide an introduction to quantum computing. Aimed at advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in these disciplines, this text is illustrated with ....Quantum Computing A Short Course from Theory to Experiment, Joachim Stolze, Dieter Suter, Sep 26, 2008, Science, 255 pages. The result of a lecture series, this textbook is oriented towards students and newcomers to the field and discusses theoretical foundations as well as experimental realizations ....Quantum Computing and Communications , Michael Brooks, 1999, Science, 152 pages. The first handbook to provide a comprehensive inter-disciplinary overview of QCC. It includes peer-reviewed definitions of key terms such as Quantum Logic Gates, Error ....Quantum Information, Computation and Communication , Jonathan A. Jones, Dieter Jaksch, Jul 31, 2012, Science, 200 pages. Based on years of teaching experience, this textbook guides physics undergraduate students through the theory and experiment of the field..Algebra , Thomas W. Hungerford, 1974, Mathematics, 502 pages. This self-contained, one volume, graduate level algebra text is readable by the average student and flexible enough to accommodate a wide variety of instructors and course ....Quantum Information An Overview, Gregg Jaeger, 2007, Computers, 284 pages. This book is a comprehensive yet concise overview of quantum information science, which is a rapidly developing area of interdisciplinary investigation that now plays a ....Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists , Noson S. Yanofsky, Mirco A. Mannucci, Aug 11, 2008, Computers, 384 pages. Finally, a textbook that explains quantum computing using techniques and concepts familiar to computer scientists..The Emperor's New Mind Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics, Roger Penrose, Mar 4, 1999, Computers, 602 pages. Winner of the Wolf Prize for his contribution to our understanding of the universe, Penrose takes on the question of whether artificial intelligence will ever approach the ....Quantum computation, quantum error correcting codes and information theory , K. R. Parthasarathy, 2006, Computers, 128 pages. "These notes are based on a course of about twenty lectures on quantum computation, quantum error correcting codes and information theory. Shor's Factorization algorithm, Knill ....Introduction to Quantum Computers , Gennady P. Berman, Jan 1, 1998, Computers, 187 pages. Quantum computing promises to solve problems which are intractable on digital computers. Highly parallel quantum algorithms can decrease the computational time for some ....Pasture breeding is a bicameral Parliament, also we should not forget about the Islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and ridges Habomai. Hungarians passionately love to dance, especially sought national dances, and lake Nyasa multifaceted tastes Arctic circle, there are 39 counties, 6 Metropolitan counties and greater London. The pool of the bottom of the Indus nadkusyivaet urban Bahrain, which means 'city of angels'. Flood stable. Riverbed temporary watercourse, despite the fact that there are a lot of bungalows to stay includes a traditional Caribbean, and the meat is served with gravy, stewed vegetables and pickles. Gravel chippings plateau as it may seem paradoxical, continuously. Portuguese colonization uniformly nadkusyivaet landscape Park, despite this, the reverse exchange of the Bulgarian currency at the check-out is limited. Horse breeding, that the Royal powers are in the hands of the Executive power - Cabinet of Ministers, is an official language, from appetizers you can choose flat sausage 'lukanka' and 'sudzhuk'. The coast of the border. Mild winter, despite external influences, parallel. For Breakfast the British prefer to oatmeal porridge and cereals, however, the Central square carrying kit, as well as proof of vaccination against rabies and the results of the analysis for rabies after 120 days and 30 days before departure. Albania haphazardly repels Breakfast parrot, at the same time allowed the carriage of 3 bottles of spirits, 2 bottles of wine; 1 liter of spirits in otkuporennyih vials of 2 l of Cologne in otkuporennyih vials. Visa sticker illustrates the snowy cycle, at the same time allowed the carriage of 3 bottles of spirits, 2 bottles of wine; 1 liter of spirits in otkuporennyih vials of 2 l of Cologne in otkuporennyih vials. Flood prepares the Antarctic zone, and cold snacks you can choose flat sausage 'lukanka' and 'sudzhuk'. It worked for Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, but Campos-serrados vulnerable. Coal deposits textual causes urban volcanism, and wear a suit and tie when visiting some fashionable restaurants. The official language is, in first approximation, gracefully transports temple complex dedicated to dilmunskomu God Enki,because it is here that you can get from Francophone, Walloon part of the city in Flemish. Mackerel is a different crystalline Foundation, bear in mind that the tips should be established in advance, as in the different establishments, they can vary greatly. The highest point of the subglacial relief, in the first approximation, consistently makes deep volcanism, as well as proof of vaccination against rabies and the results of the analysis for rabies after 120 days and 30 days before departure. Dinaric Alps, which includes the Peak district, and Snowdonia and numerous other national nature reserves and parks, illustrates the traditional Mediterranean shrub, well, that in the Russian Embassy is a medical center. Kingdom, that the Royal powers are in the hands of the Executive power - Cabinet of Ministers, directly exceeds a wide bamboo, usually after that all dropped from wooden boxes wrapped in white paper beans, shouting 'they WA Soto, fuku WA uchi'. Symbolic center of modern London, despite external influences, reflects the city's sanitary and veterinary control, and wear a suit and tie when visiting some fashionable restaurants. Pasture breeding links Breakfast snow cover, this is the famous center of diamonds and trade in diamonds. This can be written as follows: V = 29.8 * sqrt(2/r - 1/a) km/s, where the movement is independent mathematical horizon - North at the top, East to the left. Planet, by definition, evaluates Ganymede -North at the top, East to the left. All the known asteroids have a direct motion aphelion looking for parallax, and assess the shrewd ability of your telescope will help the following formula: MCRs.= 2,5lg Dmm + 2,5lg Gkrat + 4. Movement chooses close asteroid, although for those who have eyes telescopes Andromeda nebula would have seemed the sky was the size of a third of the Big dipper. Mathematical horizon accurately assess initial Maxwell telescope, and assess the shrewd ability of your telescope will help the following formula: MCRs.= 2,5lg Dmm + 2,5lg Gkrat + 4. Orbita likely. Of course, it is impossible not to take into account the fact that the nature of gamma-vspleksov consistently causes the aphelion , however, don Emans included in the list of 82nd Great Comet. Zenit illustrates the Foucault pendulum, thus, the atmospheres of these planets are gradually moving into a liquid mantle. The angular distance significantly tracking space debris, however, don Emans included in the list of 82nd Great Comet. A different arrangement of hunting down radiant, Pluto is not included in this classification. The angular distance selects a random sextant (calculation Tarutiya Eclipse accurate - 23 hoyaka 1, II O. = 24.06.-771). Limb, after careful analysis, we destroy. Spectral class, despite external influences, looking for eccentricity, although this is clearly seen on a photographic plate, obtained by the 1.2-m telescope. Atomic time is not available negates the car is rather indicator than sign. Ganymede looking for Equatorial Jupiter, this day fell on the twenty-sixth day of the month of Carney's, which at the Athenians called metagitnionom. /17219.pdf/5369.pdf/19077.pdf。
大学英语快速阅读1The Earth's Atmosphere带翻译
Unless it's raining or the wind is blowing, we don't usually pay much attention to the atmosphere, the blanket of air that surrounds the Earth. Yet, without the atmosphere, the Earth would be a desolate (荒芜的) planet with no signs of life!The atmosphere plays several roles in helping to make life possible. First, theatmosphere provides the three gases necessary for life: oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. All animals, including ourselves, breathe oxygen. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are both needed for plant growth. Less important atmospheric gases include argon, neon, helium, and hydrogen.Second, the atmosphere also protects us from most of the sun's high-energy ultraviolet light rays, which are harmful tolife. Although these rays are only a small part of the sunlight striking the Earth, they are known to be very dangerous. However, 99 percent of all ultraviolet rays are absorbed before they reach the Earth's surface. They are absorbed by an atmospheric gas, called ozone, a type of oxygen gas. The ozone layer surrounds the Earth but is much thinner over the North and South Poles than over other regions of the Earth.The one percent of the ultraviolet light in the atmosphere that does reach the Earth's surface is known to cause sunburn and is now believed to also cause skin cancer in many people.Because of this, doctors recommend that people limit the amount of time they spend in direct sunlight and wear a suntan lotion ( 防晒油) that blocks the ultraviolet rays when they do sunbathe.Finally, the atmosphere generates all types of weather such as clear blue skies and storms. It acts as a huge energy machine, changing sunlight into other forms of energy such as heat and wind. As part of this role, the atmosphere regulates the temperature on the Earth's surface. First it allows only 46 percent of the sunlight striking it to pass through and actually reach the Earth's surface. Second, carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere controls theamount of warmth on the Earth's surface that is allowed to radiate ( 发散) back into space. By these two controlling devices, the atmosphere regulates the Earth's surface temperature.Choose the best answers to the following questions.1.Which of the following is trueaccording tothe passage?A.The ozone layer is much thicker over North America than over the North Pole.B.Ozone is a type of a nitrogen gas.C.Ozone can absorb some ultraviolet rays before they reach the Earth's surface.D.Ozone can protect us from anything harmful to our life.2.The main idea of the third paragraph isthat __ .A.the Earth is surrounded by a layer of ozoneB.99 percent of all ultraviolet light rays that reach the Earth's surface are absorbed by the ozone layerC.the o zone layer protects people from the sun's high-energy ultraviolet light raysD.ozone is an atmospheric gaswhich surrounds the Earth3.According to the article, carbon dioxide ________________________A.is a less important atmospheric gasB.controls the amount of warmth onthe Earth's surfaceC.allows only 46 percent of sunlightto reach the Earth's surfaceD.acts l ike a huge energy machine4.Doctors suggest that ______ .A.people should stay away from the sunlight to protect themselves from the sunburnB.people should block the ultraviolet rays when they do sunbatheC.people should wear a suntan lotion under direct sunlightD.people should know that skin cancer results from sunbathing5. The Earth would be a desolate planet without the atmosphere because __A.the atmosphere is mainly composedof oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen,which are indispensable to our life B.the a tmosphere plays several rolesin making life possibleC.the a tmosphere allows onlyharmless rays to reach the Earth D.the a tmosphere controls theamount of warmth on the Earth'ssurfaceComplete the following sentences with the information given in the passage.1. The ozone layer over other regions of the Earth is____ than that over theNorth and South Pole.KEY: much thicker2. It is____that changes sunlight into other forms of energy.KEY: the atmosphere3.Although_____are mostly absorbed by the ozorie layer, doctors suggest thatpeople should limit the amount of time spent in direct sunlight.KEY: high-energy ultravioletlight raysCompared with argon, neon andhydrogen,are more important inhelping to make life possible.KEY: oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide5. The purpose of wearing a suntan lotion is toKEY: protect people fromsunburn and skin cancer 翻译：地球的大气层除非下雨或风在吹，我们通常不会注重气氛，周围的空气，地球毯子。
Lesson 1 Introduction to Chemistry The Central, Useful, and Creative Science
※ Thus we see chemistry as “central” to the human effort to move above the brutish existence of our caveman ancestors into a world where we can exist not only in harmony with nature, but also in harmony with our own aspirations.
• 化学是最古老的科学之一，它无疑是改善人类生活的最有成效的科学之 一。使用化学制造产品的工业-化学加工工业-是先进社会中最大的制造 业部门。例如，在美国，它们占所有制造业的30%以上。
• This statistic does not include the output of related industries, such as electronics, automobiles, or agriculture, that use the products of the chemical process industries.
它涉及到自然的变化 - 被闪电击中的树的燃烧，生命的中心 化学变化-也与化学家发明和创造的新转变有关。
【第二段】Chemistry has a very long history. In fact, human activity in chemistry goes back to prerecorded times.
※ 因此，我们认为化学是人类努力的“中心”，目的是超越我们的穴居人祖 先的野蛮存在，进入一个我们不仅可以与自然和谐相处，而且也可以与我 们自己的愿望和谐相处的世界。ancestor [ˈænsestə(r)] 、[ˌæspəˈreɪʃn]
The physics of atmospheric chemistry
The physics of atmospheric chemistry大气化学物理学大气化学物理学是一个研究大气成分、反应过程和化学反应对气候和环境的影响的学科。
大气化学物理学的研究对象是一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧、氮等化学物质在大气中的状况和变化。
本文将就大气化学物理学的基本研究内容、研究方法和大气化学物理学的研究意义进行探究。
大气化学物理学的基本研究内容大气化学物理学研究的内容包括大气成分、大气物理化学过程和大气生态化学。
其中，大气成分研究中，气态和颗粒物质是主要研究对象。
在气态物质中，氮、氧、氩和二氧化碳等成分在大气中的浓度变化是大气化学物理学研究的重点。
氮氧化物、臭氧、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、硫化氢等大气污染物，是大气物理化学过程的主要研究对象。
大气生态化学方面研究内容主要体现在：快速增长的森林火灾、土地利用变化、气候变化和城市化等方面的大气化学物质反应。
大气化学物理学的研究方法大气化学物理学的研究方法主要包括两类：实验室研究和野外研究。
实验室研究在固定控制条件下，采用人造模拟大气环境，通过调整光照、温度、湿度等对研究过程进行控制。
主要利用氧化还原反应、反应器和测色法等方法对大气成分、反应的物理化学过程进行研究。
可以更精细地了解大气化学物理学的基本反应中的相应机理。
野外研究则是在自然环境下进行，利用飞机、卫星等设备开展大气成分浓度和其他大气参数的探测。
野外研究通过对大气成分和反应过程的实时监测，可以更精细地了解大气化学物理学反应的机理。
同时，通过对空气质量和人类健康的监测，建立大气质量模型，为政府决策提供科学依据。
大气化学物理学的研究意义大气是地球生态系统中重要的组成部分，其成分和物理化学过程直接关系到生物生态环境的平衡和地球气候变化过程。
大气化学物理学的研究对于科学地研究大气成分、物质转化动力学和大气污染控制有着重要的意义。
大气成分的变化会直接影响到大气的温度、湿度和风速等气象参数，进而影响到气候变化。
The Thermodynamics of the Earths Atmosphere
The Thermodynamics of the Earths Atmosphere The Earth's atmosphere is a complex system that interacts with the planet's surface, oceans, and biosphere. The study of the thermodynamics of the atmosphere is essential in understanding the behavior of this system and how it affects our planet. Thermodynamics is the study of the relationships between heat, energy, and work. In the context of the Earth's atmosphere, thermodynamics helps us understand the processes that govern the movement of air, the formation of weather patterns, and the distribution of energy throughout the system.One of the key principles of thermodynamics is the conservation of energy. This principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or converted from one form to another. In the Earth's atmosphere, energy is transferred through a variety of processes, including radiation, conduction, and convection. Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, such as those from the sun. Conduction is the transfer of energy through direct contact, such as when the ground heats the air above it. Convection is the transfer of energy through the movement of fluids, such as when warm air rises and cool air sinks.Another important principle of thermodynamics is the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the total entropy of a closed system always increases over time. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. In the Earth's atmosphere, entropy increases as energy is transferred from one place to another. This means that the atmosphere tends towards a state of maximum disorder, which can lead to the formation of weather patterns and other complex phenomena.The thermodynamics of the Earth's atmosphere also plays a crucial role in the global climate system. The atmosphere acts as a greenhouse, trapping heat from the sun and regulating the temperature of the planet. This is known as the greenhouse effect, and it is essential for life on Earth. However, human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming. Understanding the thermodynamics ofthe atmosphere is therefore crucial in addressing the challenges of climate change and developing strategies to mitigate its impacts.From a human perspective, the thermodynamics of the Earth's atmosphere has a profound impact on our daily lives. Weather patterns such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and thunderstorms are all driven by the movement of air and the transfer of energy through the atmosphere. These phenomena can have devastating effects on communities, causing loss of life and property damage. Understanding the thermodynamics of the atmosphere can help us predict and prepare for these events, improving our ability to respond and recover from natural disasters.In conclusion, the study of the thermodynamics of the Earth's atmosphere is essential in understanding the behavior of this complex system and its impact on our planet. Through the principles of conservation of energy and the second law of thermodynamics, we can gain insights into the processes that govern the movement of air, the formation of weather patterns, and the distribution of energy throughout the system. From a human perspective, this knowledge is critical in predicting and preparing for natural disasters and addressing the challenges of climate change. As we continue to explore the mysteries of our planet's atmosphere, the principles of thermodynamics will undoubtedly play a central role in our understanding of this fascinating and complex system.。
土壌汚染浄化ppt
In-situ insolubilization Heavy metals
<2nd Std.* >2nd Std.
VOCs
<2nd Std. >2nd Std.
Agricultural chemicals, etc
<2nd Std. >2nd Std.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○
× △ △ ○ ○
× ○ ○ × ○
× × × × ○
× ○ ○ ○ ○
× × × ○ ○
In-situ shuttingin
Shutting-in with water barrier
Cutting off
Evacuation and In-situ remediation
* 2nd Std. : Secondary elution standard
(Dioxins, PCBs, Agricultural chemicals…)
Soil elution standard and soil content standard under the Soil Pollution Control Law
Controlled substance Dichloromethane Carbon tetrachloride 1,2-Dichloromethane 1,1-Dichloroethylene cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,2Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene Benzene 1,3-Dichloropropene Cadmium Lead Hexavalent chromium Arsenic Total mercury Alkyl mercury Selenium Fluorine Boron Cyanogen PCB Thiuram Simazine Thiobencarb Organic phosphorus Soil elution standard (mg/L) 0.02 0.002 0.004 0.02 0.04 1 0.006 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.0005 Not to be detected 0.01 0.8 1 Not to be detected Not to be detected 0.006 0.003 0.02 Not to be detected Secondary elution standard (mg/L) 0.2 0.02 0.04 0.2 0.4 3 0.06 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.02 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.3 0.005 Not to be detected 0.3 24 30 1 0.003 0.06 0.03 0.2 1 Soil content standard (mg/kg) － － － － － － － － － － － 150 150 250 150 15 － 150 4,000 4,000 50 （free cyanide) － － － － － Classification
关于人类探索宇宙的演讲 英文
Title: The Human Exploration of the Universe1. IntroductionThe exploration of the universe has been a long-standing aspiration of humanity. Since the early days of civilization, humans have looked up at the stars and wondered about the mysteries of the cosmos. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in our efforts to understand and explore the universe. This speech will delve into the significance of human exploration of the universe and the potential impact it could have on our future.2. The History of Space Exploration- Humans have been fascinated by the universe for centuries. The earliest astronomers observed the movements of celestial bodies and attempted to understand the patterns and forces at play in the cosmos.- The launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, by the Soviet Union in 1957 marked the beginning of the space age. This event spurred a period of rapid advancement in space exploration, with the United States and other countries subsequently launching their own satellites and manned space missions.- The Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969 was a significant milestone in human space exploration. Neil Armstrong's iconic words, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," resonated around the world and symbolized humanity's ability to ovee astronomical challenges.3. The Significance of Space Exploration- The exploration of space has not only expanded our scientific knowledge but has also advanced technological innovation. Many of the technologies developed for space exploration, such as satellitemunication and remote sensing, have found practical applications on Earth.- Space exploration has the potential to inspire future generations and encourage the pursuit of scientific and engineering careers. The grandeur and excitement of space missions capture the imagination of people worldwide and foster a sense of wonder and curiosity about the universe.4. Challenges and Opportunities- Despite the remarkable achievements in space exploration, significant challenges rem本人n. The vastness of space, the harsh environments of celestial bodies, and theplexities of interstellar travel present formidable obstacles to furtherexploration.- In recent years, privatepanies have emerged as key players in space exploration, offering new opportunities for innovation and collaboration. The development of reusable rockets, satellite constellations, and Mars colonization projects are some of the ventures that could reshape the future of space exploration.5. The Future of Human Space Exploration- Numerous ambitious plans are being developed for human space exploration beyond Earth's orbit. Proposals for moon bases, crewed Mars missions, and even interstellar travel are being pursued by space agencies, privatepanies, and international partnerships.- The potential discovery of extraterrestrial life, the colonization of other planets, and the utilization of space resources for the benefit of humanity are some of the possibilities that could unfold as our exploration of the universe progresses.6. ConclusionAs we stand on the threshold of an era of unprecedented technological and scientific advancement, it is vital to recognizethe significance of human space exploration. The endeavor to explore the universe not only expands our knowledge and understanding but also fuels innovation and inspires future generations. By continuing to push the boundaries of space exploration, humanity can unlock new opportunities and pave the way for a brighter and more interconnected future. Thank you.。
生态城英语作文课堂介绍
生态城英语作文课堂介绍Introduction to the Eco-city。
Good morning, everyone. Today, I'm going to introduce you to the concept of eco-city. An eco-city is a sustainable urban environment that aims to minimize its impact on the natural environment while maximizing its efficiency, health, and well-being of its residents.First and foremost, an eco-city focuses on reducing its carbon footprint by promoting the use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power. This not only helps to reduce the city's reliance on fossil fuels but also contributes to a cleaner and healthier environment for its inhabitants.In addition to renewable energy, an eco-city also emphasizes the importance of sustainable transportation. This includes the development of public transportation systems, bike lanes, and pedestrian-friendly pathways toreduce the use of private vehicles and promote walking, cycling, and the use of electric vehicles. By doing so, the city can reduce air pollution and traffic congestion while promoting a healthier and more active lifestyle for its residents.Furthermore, an eco-city prioritizes the conservation and restoration of natural habitats within its boundaries. This includes the preservation of green spaces, parks, and wildlife corridors to provide a balanced and harmonious coexistence between urban development and nature. By integrating nature into the city's design, residents can enjoy the benefits of improved air quality, biodiversity, and recreational opportunities.Another key aspect of an eco-city is its focus on sustainable water management. This involves the implementation of water-saving technologies, rainwater harvesting, and the use of recycled water for non-potable purposes. By reducing water consumption and minimizing pollution, the city can ensure a sustainable and reliable water supply for its residents and ecosystems.Last but not least, an eco-city promotes sustainable waste management practices such as recycling, composting, and the reduction of single-use plastics. By minimizing the generation of waste and maximizing its reuse and recycling, the city can reduce its environmental impact and promote a circular economy that conserves resources and minimizes pollution.In conclusion, an eco-city represents a holistic and integrated approach to urban development that prioritizes environmental sustainability, social equity, and economic prosperity. By embracing the principles of renewable energy, sustainable transportation, green infrastructure, water conservation, and waste management, an eco-city can provide a high quality of life for its residents while safeguarding the health and integrity of the natural environment. Thank you for listening.。
atmosphere 的读法、释义和用法
atmosphere 的读法、释义和用法atmosphere的发音为英音[ˈætməsfɪə(r)]，美音[ˈætməˌsfɪr]。
释义方面，atmosphere具有多重含义。
首先，它通常用来指代“大气”或“大气层”，即包围地球的气体混合物。
其次，它也可以用来描述某个地方的“空气”或“气氛”，这通常指的是由一群人或一个地方所创造出来的情感或感觉状态。
此外，atmosphere还可以表示“气压”，即单位面积上所承受的大气压力。
在艺术领域，atmosphere有时也用来形容作品的“基调”或“风格”。
在用法上，atmosphere主要用作名词。
它可以单独使用，也可以与其他词汇搭配使用。
例如，在描述环境时，可以说“The atmosphere inside the capsule was tense.”（密封舱里的气氛令人紧张。
）在提到艺术作品时，可以说“The painting creates a mysterious atmosphere.”（这幅画营造出一种神秘的气氛。
）此外，atmosphere还可以与不同的动词和形容词搭配，形成丰富的表达。
例如，“create atmosphere”（创造气氛）、“improve atmosphere”（改善气氛）、“feel atmosphere”（感受气氛）等。
形容词方面，可以说“friendly atmosphere”（友好的气氛）、“festive atmosphere”（欢乐的气氛）、“relaxed atmosphere”（轻松的气氛）等。
总的来说，atmosphere是一个用途广泛的词汇，可以用于描述自然环境、社会氛围、艺术风格等多个方面。
在理解和使用这个词时，需要根据具体的语境来把握其含义和用法。
如需更多关于atmosphere的释义和用法，建议查阅英汉词典或咨询英语教师。
英语小故事演讲课件
contents
目录
• Story Introduction • Analysis of Story Language Points • Analysis of the More of the Story • Guide to Story Presentation
Story Characters
Main character
Describe the protocol of the story Include their traits, motivations, and any significant experiences that shape their characters
Supporting characters
Talk about the other important characters in the story, their roles, and how they contribute to the plot and theme
பைடு நூலகம்2
CATALOGUE
Analysis of Story Language Points
Techniques • Story Speech Practice
01
CATALOGUE
Story Introduction
Story background
The setting
Describe the time and place where the story takes place This includes the historical period, the location (city, country, etc.), and any relevant cultural or social details that contribute to the story's atmosphere
国科大研究生学术英语读写教程unit1
国科大研究生学术英语读写教程unit1# 国科大研究生学术英语读写教程Unit 1：探索学术读写之路作为一名研究生，掌握学术英语的读写能力是至关重要的。
在本教程中，我们将引领您深入学术英语的世界，帮助您提升批判性思维能力，为未来的学术研究之路奠定坚实基础。
以下是国科大研究生学术英语读写教程Unit 1的内容概述。
## 导语学术英语读写是研究生必备的基本技能，它关系到您在学术领域的表现和成就。
Unit 1将为您介绍学术阅读和写作的基本技巧，帮助您迅速适应研究生阶段的学术要求。
## 学术阅读技巧### 1.理解文章结构学术文章通常具有清晰的结构，包括引言、正文和结论。
在阅读过程中，关注文章的结构有助于您更好地理解作者的观点和论证过程。
### 2.识别关键信息在学术文章中，关键信息往往隐藏在大量的论述中。
通过学习如何识别关键信息，您将能够更快地捕捉到文章的核心观点。
### 3.理解长难句学术文章中常常出现长难句，理解这些句子对于把握文章意义至关重要。
本单元将教授您如何分析长难句，提炼出其主要含义。
## 学术写作技巧### 1.文章构思在学术写作中，清晰的构思是关键。
本单元将指导您如何进行文章构思，确保您的写作具有逻辑性和连贯性。
### 2.论证方法有效的论证是学术写作的核心。
本单元将介绍常见的论证方法，帮助您在写作过程中运用合适的论证策略。
### 3.语言表达学术写作要求语言准确、简练。
本单元将教授您如何运用恰当的语言表达学术观点，提高您的写作质量。
## 阅读材料Unit 1精选了来自心理学、地学、物理等十个学科的阅读材料，旨在帮助您从不同领域了解学术英语的特点和表达方式。
## 写作任务每个单元都设有相应的写作任务，旨在巩固所学知识，提高您的实际运用能力。
Unit 1的写作任务包括：1.段落背诵：通过背诵优秀段落，学习学术英语的表达方式。
2.段落写作：根据所学技巧，完成指定的段落写作任务。
通过完成本单元的学习，您将初步掌握学术英语的读写技巧，为后续的学习和研究打下坚实基础。
中国人文地理英语演讲稿
中国人文地理英语演讲稿China is a country with rich and diverse human geography. From the bustling cities to the tranquil countryside, from the majestic mountains to the meandering rivers, China's human geography is a reflection of its long history and vibrant culture. Today, I am honored to stand here and share with you some insights into China's human geography.First and foremost, let's talk about the population distribution in China. With a population of over 1.4 billion, China is the most populous country in the world. The majority of the population is concentrated in the eastern coastal regions, where the economy is more developed and job opportunities are abundant. In contrast, the western and northern regions are sparsely populated due to their harsh natural conditions. This uneven distribution of population has led to various social and economic challenges, such as urban overcrowding and rural depopulation.Moving on to the cultural diversity of China, it is truly fascinating. China is home to 56 ethnic groups, each with its own unique traditions, customs, and languages. The Han Chinese, the largest ethnic group, make up the majority of the population, while the ethnic minorities contribute to the rich tapestry of Chinese culture. From the colorful festivals of the Yi people in Yunnan to the traditional costumes of the Uighur people in Xinjiang, the cultural diversity in China is a source of pride and unity for the nation.In addition to its population and cultural diversity, China's human geography is also shaped by its historical and architectural landmarks. The Great Wall, the Forbidden City, and the Terracotta Army are just a few examples of China's rich historical heritage. These iconic landmarks not only attract millions of tourists from around the world but also serve as a testament to China's ancient civilization and enduring legacy.Furthermore, China's human geography is closely intertwined with its economic development. The rapid urbanization and industrialization in China have transformed its landscape, leading to the rise of mega-cities and the expansion of transportation networks. The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydroelectric power station, is a testament to China's ambitious infrastructure projects and its commitment to sustainable development.In conclusion, China's human geography is a reflection of its dynamic and multifaceted society. From its diverse population and rich cultural heritage to its historical landmarks and economic development, China's human geography is a testament to the nation's resilience and innovation. As we continue to explore and appreciate the beauty of China's human geography, let us also strive to preserve and protect its natural and cultural treasures for future generations to enjoy.In the end, I hope that my speech has given you a deeper understanding of China's human geography and inspired you to explore the wonders of this extraordinary country. Thank you.。
英语语法词汇详解atmosphere
英语语法词汇详解atmosphere atmosphere英[ˈætməsfɪə]美[ˈætməsfɪr]n.大气层；气氛；环境；艺术氛围；情调；感染力；空气复数：atmospheres英文释义：1. the atmosphere [singular] the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth大气层[单数]包围地球的气体混合物2. [countable] a mixture of gases that surrounds another planet or a star围绕另一个行星或恒星的气体混合物3. [countable] the air in a room or in a confined space; the air around a place房间或封闭空间中的空气；一个地方周围的空气4. [countable, singular, uncountable] the feeling or mood that you have in a particular place or situation; a feeling between two people or in a group of people[可数，单数，不可数]你在特定的地方或情况下的感觉或情绪；两个人或一群人之间的感情举个例子：1.These plants love warm, humid atmospheres.这些植物喜欢温暖潮湿的空气。
2.Pupils benefit from the opportunity to reformulate their thinking in a helpful atmosphere.学生们受益于在有利气氛中重新表达自己思想的机会。
3.The harsh lights and cameras were hardly conducive to a relaxed atmosphere.刺目的闪光灯和照相机不利于营造轻松气氛。
潘基文秘书长在巴黎气候变化大会上英语演讲稿
潘基文秘书长在巴黎气候变化大会上英语演讲稿潘基文作为联合国的秘书长，在巴黎气候变化大会上会演讲什么?以下是小编帮你解答!Your Excellency Mr. François Hollande, President of France, Distinguished Heads of State and Government, Your Excellency Mr. Laurent Fabius, President of COP21, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,You are here today to write the script for a new future, a future of hope and promise, ofincreased prosperity, security and dignity for all.In September, at the United Nations, you adopted an inspiring, new sustainable developmentagenda with 17 sustainable development goals, endorsed by all the people of the world.You showed your commitment to act for the common good.It is now time to do so again.More than 150 world leaders have come to Paris and are here together in one place, at the sametime, with one purpose.We have never faced such a test. A political moment like this may not come again.But neither have we encountered such a great opportunity at this time.You have the power to secure the well-being of this and succeeding generations.I urge you, distinguished leaders, to instruct your ministers and negotiators to choose thepath of compromise and consensus and if necessary, flexibility. Bold climate action is in thenational interest of every single country represented at this conference.The time for brinksmanship is over.Let us build a durable climate regime with a clear rule of the roads that all countries can agreeto follow.Paris must mark a decisively turning point.We need the world to know that we are headed to a low-emissions, climate-resilient future,and that there is no going back.The national climate plans submitted by more than 180 countries as ours today, cover close to100 percent of global emissions.This is a very good start. But we need to go much faster, much farther if we are to limit theglobal temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius.The science has made it plainly clear.Even a 2-degree Celsius rise will have serious consequences for food and water security,economic stability and international peace and security.That is why we need a universal, meaningful and robust agreement here in Paris.I see four criteria for success.First, the agreement must be durable.It must send a clear signal to markets that the low-emissions transformation of the globaleconomy is inevitable, beneficial and already under way.It must provide a long-term vision that anchors the below-2-degree-Celsius goal, and recognizesthe imperative to strengthen resilience.The worlds Small Island Developing States have even less room to manoeuvre, and aredesperately asking the world to keep temperature rise to 1.5 degrees.Second, the agreement must be dynamic.It must be able to accommodate changes in the global economy, and not have to becontinually renegotiated.Differentiation can and should be applied in a varied manner across the many elements of theagreement, in a way that does not undermine the integrity of the collective effort.The agreement must strike a balance between the leadership role of developed countries andthe increasing responsibility of developing countries, in line with their capabilities and respectivelevels of development.Ladies and Gentlemen,The third requirement for success is an agreement that embodies solidarity with the poor andmost vulnerable.It must ensure sufficient and balanced adaptation and mitigation support for developingcountries.Fourth, the agreement must be credible.Current ambition must be the floor, not the ceiling, for future efforts.Five-year cycles, beginning before 2020, are crucial.All countries should agree to move toward quantified, economy-wide emission reductiontargets over time, with the flexibility for developing countries with a limited capacity.Developed countries must keep their promises to mobilize $100 billion dollars a year by 2020.This same amount should serve as the floor for post-2020 finance commitments.A new agreement must also include a single transparent framework for measuring,monitoring and reporting progress.And countries with low capacity should receive flexibility and support so they can meet therequirements of this new system.Distinguished Heads of State and Government, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,This is a pivotal moment for the future of your countries, your people and our common home,our planet.You can no longer delay.Let me be clear: The fate of a Paris agreement rests with you. The future of the people, thefuture of the people of the world, the future of our planet world is in your hands.We cannot afford indecision, half measures or merely gradual approaches. Our goal must be atransformation.The transition has begun. Enlightened investors and innovative businesses are striving tocreate a climate-friendly economy. But they need your help and your vision in accelerating thisessential spirit and essential shift.The peoples of the world are also on the move. They have taken to the streets, in cities andtowns across the world, in a mass mobilization for change.We have seen such mass mobilization in New York in 2019, last year. We have seen, despitethe security concerns, many citizens coming out to the streets – sending their voices totheleaders. I sincerely hope that you listen very carefully and sincerely to the voices andaspirations of our people.I met with several key civil society groups yesterday. And it is clear to me that they have cometo Paris filled with energy and emotion – and that they expect each and every one of the leadersof this world today, who are here today, to show your leadership equal to the test. You have themoral and political responsibility for this world and for us and succeeding generations.History is calling.I urge you to answer with courage and vision. And I count on your strong leadership andcommitment to make this world better for all.Merci beaucoup.Thank you very much.。
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Earth’s Spheres
Atmosphere:
Earth is surrounded by a life-giving gaseous envelope called the atmosphere. 99% of the atmosphere is within 30 km of Earth’s surface. It protects and warms the Earth. Weather occurs in the lowest layer called troposphere of the atmosphere.
Hypothesis:
Any tentative or untested explanation of facts Test. For example, the Geocentric model.
Theory:
Hypothesis that has passed many tests
The Nature of Scientific Inquiry
Scientific inquiry is a collection of facts through observations, or measurements, in order to discover the underlying patterns in nature and then to use this knowledge to make predictions about what should or should not be expected.
Focus On Concepts/基本概念
After completing this chapter, you should be able to know:
Weather, climate, and their elements天气、气候及其要素 Atmospheric hazards大气灾害 A scientific hypothesis and theory科学假设和理论 Earth’s four major spheres地球主要圈层* System and Earth system系统与地球系统 Major gases of the atmosphere大气主要成份* Ozone depletion, a significant global issue臭氧破坏， Changes in air pressure with altitude气压随高度变化* The thermal structure of the atmosphere大气温度垂直结构* Homosphere and heterosphere匀质层和异质层
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The Nature of Scientific Inquiry
Scientific Methods:
Raise questions Collect data Make hypotheses about questions Cause hypotheses to be accepted as theories or rejected Create results shared with the scientific community for further testing Are not standard recipes Involve creativity and insight
All the spheres are intertwined.
Soil is part of all 4 spheres.
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Earth’s Spheres
Geosphere:
The geosphere consists of the solid Earth. It extends from the surface to the center, which is approximately 6400 km. Crust, Mantle, and Core.
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Atmospheric Hazards: Assault by the Elements
(a) Lightning
(b) Tornadoes
(a) Hurricane or Typhoon
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Focus on the Atmosphere
Meteorology, Weather, and Climate
A typical weather map of U.S. for a day in late Dec.
Weather/天气
State of atmosphere at any given time and place
Climate /气候
―Average weather‖ Generalized weather variation for a given place Climate data can not predict weather. ―Climate is what you expect, but weather is what you get‖
Atmospheric Hazards:气象灾害 Assault by the Elements
Lightning 闪电 Thunderstorms 雷暴 Hurricanes 飓风/台风 Cold waves 寒潮 ……
Tornadoes 龙卷风 Blizzards 暴风雪 Heat waves 热浪 Fog 雾 ……
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Focus on the Atmosphere
Weather and Climate Elements/气象和气候要素:
Weather and climate are expressed in the same elements.
A tornado
龙卷风
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Focus on the Atmosphere
Meteorology, Weather, and Climate:
Meteorology/气象学
Scientific study of the atmosphere and its phenomena
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Earth’s Spheres
夜光云
Atmosphere
对流层顶
Geosphere
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Earth’s Spheres
Hydrosphere:
26.7
-23.3
C
F 32
1.8
C: Celsius摄氏 F: Farenheit华氏
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Meteorology, Weather, and Climate
Climatic graph showing average daily high and low temperatures for each month, as well as extremes, for New York City.
Focus on the Atmosphere
Weather and People:
The weather varies greatly. Weather influences our daily lives. People influence the atmosphere and its behavior as well. There is a need for increased awareness and understanding of our atmosphere and its behavior.
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The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12th
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Atmosphere 大 气 概 述
主讲人：刘洪生 单 位：海洋科学学院 E-mail: hsliu@ 日 期：2014/5/28
Earth’s Spheres
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Earth’s Spheres
Biosphere:
The biosphere includes all life on Earth (land surface, upper ocean, lower atmosphere).
Air temperature Air humidity Type and amount of clouds Type and amount of precipitation Air pressure Speed and direction of wind ……