广东省南雄县2017高考英语一轮复习阅读理解自练(五)(含解析)

广东南雄县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解自练（五）阅读理解—主旨大意题、标题概括题。

(2015年山西太原五中月考)Deborah Cohen is a senior natural scientist at the Rand Corp and the author of the book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind the Obesity Epidemic and How We Can End It. According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.1.If you're obese, blame your genes.Obesity rates have increased. Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled—too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calorie than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.2.If you're obese, you lack self-control.Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor dietary choices. Our world has become so rich in temptation that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can't understand. Even the most vigilant(警觉的) people may not be up to the task of controlling themselves.ck of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is responsible for obesity. Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the “ food deserts”, about 65 percent of the nation's population is overweight or obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.4.The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don't exercise. Michelle Obama's “Let's Move” campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. But there was no significant decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s. In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may account for up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased. The problem is that we eat too much.1.The author mentioned Deborah Cohen's book in Paragraph 1 to .A.Introduce the topicB.Draw readers' attentionC.Introduce the author of the bookD.Advertise the book2.What is the relationship between obesity and the place where you eat?A.The less you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you haveB.The less you eat at home, the lower rates of obesity you have.C.The more you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have.D.The more you eat at home, the higher rates of obesity you have.3.What's the best title of this passage?A.Four misunderstandings of obesityB.Four rules to help you avoid obesityC.Obesity leads to a big fat crisiscking self-control leads to obesity语篇解读本文通过一本书告诉我们关于肥胖的四个误区。

1. A 细节推断题。

根据第一段According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.可知，根据这本书有许多关于肥胖的误区，下面举了四个误区，故选A项。

2. C 细节理解题。

根据第一个误区中的because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home ,so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.可知，因为餐馆的菜的热量比家里的菜的热量高很多，因此在餐馆吃的次数越多，获得的热量就越高，故选C项。

3. A 主旨大意题。

本文讲述通过一本书，提到关于肥胖的四个误区，故选A项。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

(Examinations Ex ert a Pernicious Influence on Education)We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired andhungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. Is i t cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: ‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.’1.The main idea of this passage is[A] examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.examinations are ineffective.[C] examinations are profitable for institutions.[D] examinations are a burden on students.2.The author’s attitude toward examinations is[A]detest.approval.[C] critical.[D] indifferent.3.The fate of students is decided by[A] education.institutions.[C] examinations.[D] students themselves.4.According to the author, the most important of a good education is[A] to encourage students to read widely.to train students to think on their own.[C] to teach students how to tackle exams.[D] to master his fate.5.Why does the author mention court?[A] Give an example.For comparison.[C] It shows that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results of examinations.[D] It shows the results of court is more effectise.Vocabulary1.pernicious 有害的，恶性的，破坏性的2.knack 窍门，诀窍3.embark 乘船，登记4.write off 勾销，注销。