2017年上师大附中高三英语课堂练习(开学考)

上师大附中2017学年高三英语课堂练习II. Grammar and vocabularySection AYou know that business of business is making money. What you may not realize is: __21__ simple that business is. You need two fundamental ingredients -- a good product that customers want to own, and bright, charismatic people who will __22__ sell it and, if necessary, defend it. And of the two __23__ (desire) product and competent people -- good people are, in the long run, more important than good products.You can’t expect to produce one popular product after another. You can, however, cover your bets by staffing your enterprise with superb employees who will continue to reflect the company’s strengths __24__ ______ the products are weak. It is your responsibility to keep those employees __25__ (perform) as well as they can. They won’t remain superb __26__ reliable leadership and, in fact, there is a perfect time to address this issue. Most successful companies have a defining moment ____27______profits are skyrocketing, and business __28__ not be better. That is precisely the time to look closely at your customer service. That you are earning more money than ever before __29__ (indicate) your product is terrific, but it doesn’t necessarily mean the same about your customer service. It is the ideal time to examine your reputation and expand the success you are earning from your product to include customer service.Every business wants to be known for its customer service. Although even a slow but steady giant such as Radio Shack Corporation will often come up with a hot product, it is its customer service __30__ keeps it in business year after year.Section BThroughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, national sovereignty and religious expression. How much more __31__ will these conflicts be when people fight over the Earth’s most indispensable resource water? We may find out in the not-too-distant future if projections about the __32__ of water in the Middle East and other regions prove correct.Less than three percent of the planet’s __33__ is fresh water, and almost two-thirds of this amount is __34__ in ice caps, glaciers, and underground aquifers too deep or too remote to access. In her book, Pillars of Sand-Can the Irrigation Miracle Last, Sandra Postel outlines three forces that __35__ tension and conflict over freshwater. Using up the water “resource pie”. In India, the world’s second-most populous nation, with over 1 billion inhabitants, the rate of groundwater __36__ is twice that of recharge, a deficit higher than in any other country. Although water is a renewable resource, it is not a(n) __37__ one. The freshwater available today for more than 6 billion people is no greater than it was 2,000 years ago, when global population was approximately 200 million. (The current U.S. population is 287 million.) Global __38__ accounts for about 70% of all freshwater use. In five of the world’s most water-stressed, controversial areas the Aral Sea region, the Ganges, the Jordan, the Nileland andTigris-Euphrates population increases of up to 75% are projected by 2025. With the fastest rate of growth in the world, the population of Palestinian territory will more than __39__ over the next generation. Most experts agree that, because of geography, population __40__ and politics, water wars are most likely to break out in the Middle East, a region where the amount of available freshwater per capita will decrease by about 50% over the next generation.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AIn an ideal world, people would not perform experiments on animals. For the people, they are expensive. For the animals, they are stressful and often painful. That ideal world, __41__, is still some way away. People need new drugs and vaccines. They want __42__ from the toxicity（毒性）of chemicals. The search for basic scientific answers goes on. __43__, the European Commission is moving ahead with proposals that will __44__ the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union, by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical __45__ for use within the union’s borders in the past 25 years.Already, the commission has __46__ 140,000 chemicals that have not yet been tested. It wants 30,000 of these to be examined right away, and plans to spend between $4 billion — $8 billion doing so. The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus, experts reckon, quintuple (翻五倍) from just over l million a year to about 5, unless they are saved by some dramatic __47__ in non-animal testing technology. Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet. But the search for substitutes continues.A good place to start finding __48__ for toxicity tests is the liver--the organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be eliminated from body. Two firms, one large and one small, told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effects.PrimeCyte, the small firm, grows its cells in cultures（士音养基）over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under __49__. The characteristics of the cells are carefully __50__, to look for changes in their microanatomy（组织学）. Pfizer, the big firm, also doses its cultures regularly, but rather than studying __51__ cells in detail, it counts cell numbers. If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added, that suggests the chemical __52__ is bad for the liver.Other tissues, too, can be tested __53__ of animals. Epithelix, a small firm in Geneva, has developed an __54__ version of the lining of the lungs. According to Huang Song, one of Epithelix’s researchers, the firm’s cultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings, and __55__ in the same way to various chemical messengers. Dr. Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases.All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs, vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals, useful progress is being made.41. A. fortunately B. sadly C. ironically D. technically42. A. protection B. identification C. isolation D. interaction43. A. However B. Indeed C. Instead D. Furthermore44. A. increase B. decrease C. prohibit D. specify45. A. tested B. created C. assessed D. approved46. A. outlined B. imposed C. identified D. released47. A. diagnoses B. advances C. proofs D. appearances48. A. alternatives B. breakthroughs C. possibilities D. implications49. A. suspicion B. control C. way D. investigation50. A. monitored B. studied C. analyzed D. classified51. A. relevant B. numerous C. individual D. measurable52. A. in question B. in principle C. in practice D. in reality53. A. successfully B. independently C. oecassionally D. collectively54. A. useful B. constant C. mature D. artificial55. A. operate B. function C. respond D. enhanceSection B(A)Personality may play only a small part in leadership effectiveness but there is no doubt that some leaders have a certain magic that leaves peers envious and followers entranced. If you could bottle this leadership X-factor – charisma- the queue of interested executives would be a long-one. But what qualities can these often highly successful leaders be said to possess?As individuals, charismatic leaders have highly developed communication skills, including the ability to convey emotions easily and naturally to others, says Ronald Riggio, professor of leadership and organizational psychology. “They are able to inspire and arouse the emotions of followers through their emotional expressiveness and verbal skills.”“They, connect with followers because they seem to truly understand others’ feelings and concerns.”“And they are great role models because they have the ability to engage others socially and display appropriate role-playing skills th at allow them to walk the talk,” Professor Riggio says.“One quality we like in our leaders is if they are seen to really represent us. We think someone is more charismatic, the more they represent our collective identity,” Professor Van Knippenberg says.In this way, a charismatic leader is somehow a larger-than-life version of ourselves.Academics say that charismatic lenders also manage to stand out from the crowd. They might do this by being unconventional or by thinking a different approach to problem-solving, for example.“They are up for new things, and they are not stuck in the status quo. They are open-to out-of-the-box thinking, etc. An optimistic, energetic quality helps us to see leadership qualities in them and makes us open to their influenc e,” he says.“A lot of charismatic leadership, and leadership in general, is very contextual. It’s really entreprencurial firms. It’s also good for turnarounds if the organization is in a bad state because it Kai Peters, the chief executive of Ashridge Bu siness School.”But not every organization needs a charismatic leader. Leaders loaded with the narcissistic（自恋的）, self-glorifying, exploitative and authoritarian（专制的）. As Peters says: “Where it is a problem is where you have look at me, I’m a star.”56. Which word is closest in meaning to charisma in the first paragraph?A. charmB. characterC. gratitudeD. optimism57. The charismatic leaders become great role models due to their ________A. proper role-playing skillsB. subtle emotional expressivenessC. marvelous problem-solving abilityD. unconventionality in the crowds58. According to Professor Knippenberg, what kind of leaders would be welcomed by us?A. The one who has a heroical image.B. The one who can speak for us.C. The one who is a collective version of us.D. The one who resembles us in characteristic.59. What’s Peters’ attitude towards the contextual feature of charismatic leadership?A. CriticalB. ApprovedC. NeutralD. Suspicious56-59 AACC(B)4 Hotels That Will Make Your Life EasierBy John BrandonFor the business traveler who’s all about efficiency: check out these hotels that will get you in and out with a minimum of trouble.When you’re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process.1. Yotel New YorkThe self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York hotel are open 24x7 and work just like the ones you’d see at an airport.There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There is even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you’re carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker (say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me, is head to a series of meetings.2. Marriott Detroit AirportAnother option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I’ve tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) Here is the basic idea: you download the iPhone or Android app. The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. When you arriv e, you get an alert that the room is ready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.3. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisI happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked how fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about three minutes, when I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out. An agent meets you in the lobby with, an iPad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.4. Radisson: LaCrosseThe Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster. At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin, you use a mobile app to register and then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get the kiosk, you scan the barcode to get your key witho ut any other steps required. It’s super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well.60. What does the word ‘infuriate’, in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. annoyB. remindC. amuseD. impress61. Which two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in?A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit AirportB. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosseC. Marriott Detroit Airport and Hyatt Regency MinneapolisD. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse62. Which hotel will send you a receipt by email?A. Yotel New YorkB. Marriott Detroit AirportC. Radisson LaCrosseD. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis(C)Increasingly, over the past few decades, people especially young people, have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, especially processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods. Foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount—but not the quality of foods grown in commercial farming area.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures(牧场). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food, they also lay eggs which lack important vitamins. There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if it is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form, of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber.It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantifies of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of wholemeal bread and more vegetables by m odem experts on “healthy eating”.63. People have become more interested in natural foods because ________.A. they are more health consciousB. they want to taste all kinds of foodsC. natural foods are more delicious than processed foodsD. they want to return to nature64. Soil that is rich in organic matter ________.A. has had chemicals and fertilizer added to itB. contains vegetable matter that has not been consumedC. has been nourished by fertilizerD. already, contains large quantities of vitamins and minerals65. According to the passage, ________.A. people need sugar to give them energyB. sugar is bad for healthC. the addiction of eating sugar makes people depend on itD. sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing useful66. The best title for this passage is ________.A. People’s Growing Interest in Natural FoodsB. Natural Foods and Health DietC. Harmful Effects of SugarD. The Importance of Fibre in FoodsThis Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think, about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. __67__ They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __68__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. __69__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. __70__ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.IV. SummaryStress for a teenager is as real as stress for an adult. Therefore, it’s important to understand the causes of stress in teenagers.When parents change their jobs or if the family decides to move to a different place, the child has to change schools, find new friends, adapt to the new social circle and fit into new groups. It is always difficult for children to adapt to such changes, which can be a serious cause of stress in their life.Academic difficulties, such as inability to understand a certain subject can cause stress. Not every child has the ability to understand every subject. Some kids need extra help besides school work to grasp a few concepts. Poor academic performance is often laughed at and is looked down upon by both teachers and peers. In such cases, it can make the child feel isolated, neglected and hurt. All of this, put together, can add to stress, which many times worsen grades.Extra curricular (课外活动) such as playing a sport, or attending art classes can weigh heavily on your child’s mind. Balancing school and extra curricular activities does seem like a burden when you have to be outstanding at both. When the pressures from both the ends get unmanageable, teenagers tend to get tired and annoyed. Tiredness sets in, leading to stress related issues such as lack of concentration in school.These are the common causes of stress in teenagers, which can be noticed through signs such as poor memory, anxiety, negative and pessimistic attitude. If the signs of teenage stress go unrecognized for a long time, it can make the child emotionally out of balance. And next step, if this happens, it is necessary for parents to know how to deal with stress.V. Translation71. 各国科学家正加强合作，寻求节能的有效方法。