超声波测距仪外文资料翻译
超声波测距仪外文翻译
H8/300L超声波测距仪（原文出处：第1页-第15页）介绍该应用说明介绍了一种使用H8/38024 SLP MCU的测距仪。
由单片机产生40KHz 方波，通过超声波传感器发射出去。
反射的超声波被另外一个传感器接收。
有效距离为6cm到200cm。
1.理论1.1概况在这篇应用说明中，H8/38024F微处理器是作为目标设备被使用的。
由于简单的可移植性，超声波测距仪使用的软件为C语言。
超声波是频率高于可听音的一切高于20kHz的声波。
用于医疗诊断和影像的超声波，频率延长和超过了10兆赫兹，高的频率有短的波长，这使得超声波从物体反射回来更容易。
不幸的是，极高的频率难以产生和测量。
对超声波的检测与测量主要是通过压电式接收机进行的。
超音波普遍应用于防盗系统、运动探测器和车载测距仪。
其他应用包括医疗诊断(人体成像)，清洁(去除油脂和污垢)，流量计(利用多普勒效应)，非破坏性试验(检测材料缺陷)，焊接等各个方面。
1.2软件实施距离的计算要测量超声波传感器接收到回波的时间。
理想的被测对象应该有一个大的面积而且不吸收超声波。
在这个应用说明中使用了38024f的CPU电路板。
图1展示超声波测距仪的工作原理，tmofh (脚63 )是用来传送0.5ms的40kHz的超声波，irq0 ( pin72 ) 是用来探测反射波的。
发送超声波后，计时器C开始追踪Timer Counter C (TCC)的计数数目，以计算物体的距离。
图1.测距仪工作原理1.2.1 发射超声波定时器F是一个具有内置式输出比较功能16位计数器，它还可以用来作为两个独立的8位定时器FH和FL，这里，定时器F是作为两个独立的8位定时器使用。
计时器的FL被初始化为产生中断，而FH在比较匹配发生时触发了tmofh的输出电平。
表1 计时器F的时钟选择对于为定时器的FL，选定内部时钟ø/32。
输出比较寄存器FL装载数据初值为H’FF 。
因此,外部定时器每1.67msec 产生一个中断，计算如下：/2ø晶振频率=，计时器FL 内部时钟周期=322⨯晶振频率=64MHz 8304.9=153.6kHz 中断周期=256kHz6.1531⨯=1.67msec 每隔65msec 开始发射一次超声波，计时器FL 须中断近39次( 65msec / 1.67msec = 39 )，才开始传送。
中英文超声无损检测名词术语
中英文超声无损检测名词术语Acceptance limits 验收范围Acceptance level 验收水平Acceptance standard 验收标准Accumulation test 累积检测Acoustic emission transducer 声发射换能器（声发射传感器）Acoustic impedance 声阻抗Acoustic impedance matching 声阻抗匹配Acoustic impedance method 声阻法Acoustic wave 声波Acoustical lens 声透镜Acoustic —ultrasonic 声-超声（AU ）Adequate shielding 安全屏蔽Amplitude 幅度Angle beam method 斜射法Angle of incidence 入射角Angle of reflection 反射角Angle of spread 指向角Angle of squint 偏向角Angle probe 斜探头Area amplitude response curve 面积幅度曲线Area of interest 评定区Artificial discontinuity 人工不连续性Artifact 假缺陷Artificial defect 人工缺陷Artificial discontinuity 标准人工缺陷A-scan A 型扫描A-scope; A-scan A 型显示Attenuation coefficient 衰减系数Attenuator 衰减器Automatic testing 自动检测Evaluation 评定Beam 声束Beam ratio 光束比Beam angle 束张角Beam axis 声束轴线Beam index 声束入射点Beam path location 声程定位Beam path; path length 声程Beam spread 声束扩散Bottom echo 底面回波Bottom surface 底面Boundary echo（first）边界一次回波Broad-beam condition 宽射束B-scan presentation B 型扫描显示B-scope; B-scan B 型显示C- scan C 型扫描Calibration, instrument 设备校准Compressional wave 压缩波Continuous emission 连续发射microstructure Continuous linear array 连续线阵Continuous method 连续法Continuous spectrum 连续谱Continuous wave 连续波Contract stretch 对比度宽限Contrast 对比度Contrast sensitivity 对比灵敏度Control echo 监视回波Control echo 参考回波Couplant 耦合剂Coupling 耦合Coupling losses 耦合损失Creeping wave 爬波Critical angle 临界角Cross section 横截面Cross talk 串音Cross-drilled hole 横孔Crystal 晶片C-scope; C-scan C 型显示Curie point 居里点Curie temperature 居里温度Curie(Ci) 居里Dead zone 盲区Decibel(dB) 分贝Defect 缺陷Defect resolution 缺陷分辨力Defect detection sensitivity 缺陷检出灵敏度Definition 清晰度Definition ，image definition 清晰度，图像清晰度Direct contact method 直接接触法Directivity 指向性Discontinuity 不连续性Distance- gain- size -German AVG 距离- 增益- 尺寸( DGS 德文为AVG) Distance marker; time marker 距离刻度Double crystal probe 双晶片探头Double probe technique 双探头法Double transceiver technique 双发双收法Double traverse technique 二次波法D-scope; D-scan D 型显示Dual search unit 双探头Dynamic range 动态范围Echo 回波Echo frequency 回波频率Echo height 回波高度Echo indication 回波指示Echo transmittance of sound pressure 往复透过率Echo width 回波宽度Equivalent 当量Equivalent method 当量法Evaluation 评定Examination area 检测范围Examination region 检验区域Final test 复探Flat-bottomed hole 平底孔Flat-bottomed hole equivalent 平底孔当量Flaw 伤Flaw characterization 伤特性Flaw echo 缺陷回波Flexural wave 弯曲波Focal spot 焦点Focal distance 焦距Focus length 焦点长度Focus size 焦点尺寸Focus width 焦点宽度Focused beam 聚焦声束Focusing probe 聚焦探头Focus-to-film distance(f.f.d) 焦点- 胶片距离(焦距) Frequency 频率Frequency constant 频率常数Fringe 干涉带Front distance 前沿距离Front distance of flaw 缺陷前沿距离Fundamental frequency 基频Gain 增益Gap scanning 间隙扫查Gate 闸门Gating technique 选通技术Gauss 高斯Grazing incidence 掠入射Grazing angle 掠射角Group velocity 群速度Half life 半衰期Half-value method 半波高度法Harmonic analysis 谐波分析Harmonics 谐频Head wave 头波Image definition 图像清晰度Image contrast 图像对比度Image enhancement 图像增强Image magnification 图像放大Image quality 图像质量Imaging line scanner 图像线扫描器Immersion probe 液浸探头Immersion rinse 浸没清洗Immersion testing 液浸法Impedance 阻抗Impedance plane diagram 阻抗平面图Imperfection 不完整性Indicated defect area 缺陷指示面积Indicated defect length 缺陷指示长度Indication 指示Initial pulse 始脉冲Initial pulse width 始波宽度Inspection 检查Inspection medium 检查介质Inspection frequency/ test frequency 检测频率Interface boundary 界面Interface echo 界面回波Interface trigger 界面触发Interference 干涉Interpretation 解释Lamb wave 兰姆波Lateral scan 左右扫查Lateral scan with oblique angle 斜平行扫查Limiting resolution 极限分辨率Line scanner 线扫描器Linear scan 线扫查Location 定位Location accuracy 定位精度Location computed 定位，计算Location marker 定位标记Longitudinal wave 纵波Longitudinal wave probe 纵波探头Longitudinal wave technique 纵波法Loss of back reflection 背面反射损失Loss of back reflection 底面反射损失Magnetostrictive effect 磁致伸缩效应Magnetostrictive transducer 磁致伸缩换能器Main beam 主声束Manual testing 手动检测MA-scope; MA-scan MA 型显示Micrometre 微米Micron of mercury 微米汞柱Mode 波型Mode conversion 波型转换Mode transformation 波型转换Multiple back reflections 多次背面反射Multiple reflections 多次反射Multiple back reflections 多次底面反射Multiple echo method 多次反射法Multiple probe technique 多探头法Multiple triangular array 多三角形阵列Narrow beam condition 窄射束Near field 近场Near field length 近场长度Near surface defect 近表面缺陷Noise 噪声Nominal angle 标称角度Nominal frequency 标称频率Nondestructive Examination （NDE ）无损试验Nondestructive Evaluation （NDE ）无损评价Nondestructive Inspection （NDI ）无损检验Nondestructive Testing （NDT ）无损检测Normal incidence 垂直入射（亦见直射声束）Normal beam method; straight beam method 垂直法Normal probe 直探头Parallel scan 平行扫查Parasitic echo 干扰回波Pattern 探伤图形Penetrant flaw detection 渗透探伤Phantom echo 幻象回波Phase detection 相位检测Plane wave 平面波Plate wave 板波Plate wave technique 板波法Point source 点源Probe test 探头检测Probe index 探头入射点Probe to weld distance 探头-焊缝距离Probe/ search unit 探头Pulse 脉冲波Pulse 脉冲Pulse echo method 脉冲回波法Pulse repetition rate 脉冲重复率Pulse amplitude 脉冲幅度Pulse echo method 脉冲反射法Pulse energy 脉冲能量Pulse envelope 脉冲包络Pulse length 脉冲长度Pulse repetition frequency 脉冲重复频率Pulse tuning 脉冲调谐Quadruple traverse technique 四次波法Range 量程Rayleigh wave 瑞利波Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射Reference block 参考试块Reference block 对比试块Reference block method 对比试块法Reference standard 参考标准Reflection 反射Reflection coefficient 反射系数Reflector 反射体Refraction 折射Refractive index 折射率Reject; suppression 抑制Rejection level 拒收水平Resolution 分辨力Sampling probe 取样探头Saturation 饱和Saturation，magnetic 磁饱和Scan on grid lines 格子线扫查Scan pitch 扫查间距Scanning 扫查Scanning index 扫查标记Scanning directly on the weld 焊缝上扫查Scanning path 扫查轨迹Scanning sensitivity 扫查灵敏度Scanning speed 扫查速度Scanning zone 扫查区域SE probe SE 探头Second critical angle 第二临界角Sensitivity va1ue 灵敏度值Sensitivity 灵敏度Sensitivity of leak test 泄漏检测灵敏度Sensitivity control 灵敏度控制Shear wave 切变波Shear wave probe 横波探头Shear wave technique 横波法Signal to noise ratio 信噪比Single crystal probe 单晶片探头Single probe technique 单探头法Single traverse technique 一次波法Sizing technique 定量法Sound diffraction 声绕射Sound insulating layer 隔声层Sound intensity 声强Sound intensity level 声强级Sound pressure 声压Sound scattering 声散射Sound transparent layer 透声层Sound velocity 声速Source 源Specified sensitivity 规定灵敏度Standard 标准Standard 标准试样Standard test block 标准试块Standardization instrument 设备标准化Standing wave; stationary wave 驻波Subsurface discontinuity 近表面不连续性Suppression 抑制Surface echo 表面回波Surface wave 表面波Surface wave probe 表面波探头Surface wave technique 表面波法Surplus sensitivity 灵敏度余量Sweep 扫描Sweep range 扫描范围Sweep speed 扫描速度Swept gain 扫描增益Swivel scan 环绕扫查System exanlillatien threshold 系统检验阈值System noise 系统噪声Tandem scan 串列扫查Test block 试块Test frequency 试验频率Test range 探测范围Test surface 探测面Testing，ultrasonic 超声检测Third critical angle 第三临界角Through transmission technique 穿透技术Through penetration technique 贯穿渗透法Through transmission technique; transmission technique 穿透法Transducer 换能器/ 传感器Transmission 透射Transverse wave 横波Traveling echo 游动回波Travering scan; depth scan 前后扫查Triangular array 正三角形阵列Trigger/alarm condition 触发/ 报警状态Trigger/alarm level 触发/ 报警标准Triple traverse technique 三次波法True continuous technique 准确连续法技术Ultrasonic noise level 超声噪声电平Ultrasonic field 超声场Ultrasonic flaw detection 超声探伤Ultrasonic flaw detector 超声探伤仪Variable angle probe 可变角探头Vertical linearity 垂直线性Vertical location 垂直定位Visible light 可见光Wave 波Wave train 波列Wave from 波形Wave front 波前Wave length 波长Wave node 波节Wave train 波列Wedge 斜楔Wheel type probe; wheel search unit 轮式探头Working sensitivity 探伤灵敏度Zigzag scan 锯齿扫查。
激光测距仪外文翻译
Laser rangefinderA long range laser rangefinder is capable of measuring distance up to 20 km; mounted on a tripod with an angular mount. The resulting system also provides azimuth and elevation measurements.A laser rangefinder is a device which uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object. The most common form of laser rangefinder operates on the time of flight principle by sending a laser pulse in a narrow beam towards the object and measuring the time taken by the pulse to be reflected off the target and returned to the sender. Due to the high speed of light, this technique is not appropriate for high precision sub-millimeter measurements, where triangulation and other techniques are often used.PulseThe pulse may be coded to reduce the chance that the rangefinder can be jammed. It is possible to use Doppler effect techniques to judge whether the object is moving towards or away from the rangefinder, and if so how fast.PrecisionThe precision of the instrument is determined by the rise or fall time of the laser pulse and the speed of the receiver. One that uses very sharp laser pulses and has a very fast detector can range an object to within a few millimeters.RangeDespite the beam being narrow, it will eventually spread over long distances due to the divergence of the laser beam, as well as due to scintillation and beam wander effects, caused by the presence of air bubbles in the air acting as lenses ranging in size from microscopic to roughly half the height of the laser beam's path above the earth. These atmospheric distortions coupled with the divergence of the laser itself and with transverse winds that serve to push the atmospheric heat bubbles laterally may combine to make it difficult to get an accurate reading of the distance of an object, say, beneath some trees or behind bushes, or even over long distances of more than 1 km in open and unobscured desert terrain.Some of the laser light might reflect off leaves or branches which are closer thanthe object, giving an early return and a reading which is too low. Alternatively, over distances longer than 1200 ft (365 m), the target, if in proximity to the earth, may simply vanish into a mirage, caused by temperature gradients in the air in proximity to the heated surface bending the laser light. All these effects have to be taken into account.CalculationThe distance between point A and B is given byD=ct/2where c is the speed of light in the atmosphere and t is the amount of time for the round-trip between A and B.where is the delay which made by the light traveling and is the angular frequency of optical modulation.Then substitute the values in the equation D=ct/2,D=1/2 ct=1/2 c·φ/ω=c/(4πf) (Nπ+Δφ)=c/4f (N+ΔN)=U(N+)in this equation, U stands for the unit length.Δφ stands for the delay part which does not fulfill π.ΔN stands the decimal value.DiscriminationSome instruments are able to determine multiple returns, as above. These instruments use waveform-resolving detectors, which means they detect the amount of light returned over a certain time, usually very short. The waveform from a laser pulse that hits a tree and then the ground would have two peaks. The first peak would be the distance to the tree, and the second would be the distance to the ground.Using wavefront sensing, it is possible to determine both the closest and the farthest object at a given point. This makes it possible for aircraft-mounted instruments to see "through" dense canopies[clarification needed Please explain how lasers see through canopies]and other semi-reflective surface such as the ocean, leading to many applications for airborne instruments such as:1. Creating "bare earth" topographic maps - removing all trees2. Creating vegetation thickness maps3. Bathymetry(measuring topography under the ocean)4. Forest firehazardTechnologiesTime of flight - this measures the time taken for a light pulse to travel to the target and back. With the speed of light known, and an accurate measurement of the time taken, the distance can be calculated. Many pulses are fired sequentially and the average response is most commonly used. This technique requires very accurate sub-nanosecond timing circuitry.Multiple frequency phase-shift- this measures the phase shift of multiple frequencies on reflection then solves some simultaneous equations to give a final measure.Interferometry - the most accurate and most useful technique for measuring changes in distance rather than absolute distances.ApplicationsMilitaryAn American soldier with a GVS-5 laser rangefinder.A Dutch ISAF sniper team displaying their Accuracy International AWSM .338 Lapua Magnum rifle and Leica/Vectronix VECTOR IV laser rangefinder binoculars. Rangefinders provide an exact distance to targets located beyond the distance of point-blank shooting to snipers and artillery. They can also be used for military reconciliation and engineering.Handheld military rangefinders operate at ranges of 2 km up to 25 km and are combined with binoculars or monoculars. When the rangefinder is equipped with a digital magnetic compass (DMC) and inclinometer it is capable of providing magnetic azimuth, inclination, and height (length) of targets. Some rangefinders can also measure a target's speed in relation to the observer. Some rangefinders have cable or wireless interfaces to enable them to transfer their measurement(s) data to other equipment like fire control computers. Some models also offer the possibility to use add-on night vision modules. Most handheld rangefinders use standard or rechargeable batteries.The more powerful models of rangefinders measure distance up to 25 km and arenormally installed either on a tripod or directly on a vehicle or gun platform. In the latter case the rangefinder module is integrated with on-board thermal, night vision and daytime observation equipment. The most advanced military rangefinders can be integrated with computers.To make laser rangefinders and laser-guided weapons less useful against military targets, various military arms may have developed laser-absorbing paint for their vehicles. Regardless, some objects don't reflect laser light very well and using a laser rangefinder on them is difficult.3-D ModellingThis LIDAR scanner may be used to scan buildings, rock formations, etc., to produce a 3D model. The LIDAR can aim its laser beam in a wide range: its head rotates horizontally, a mirror flips vertically. The laser beam is used to measure the distance to the first object on its path.Laser rangefinders are used extensively in 3-D object recognition, 3-D object modelling, and a wide variety of computer vision-related fields. This technology constitutes the heart of the so-called time-of-flight3D scanners. In contrast to the military instruments described above, laser rangefinders offer high-precision scanning abilities, with either single-face or 360-degree scanning modes.A number of algorithms have been developed to merge the range data retrieved from multiple angles of a single object to produce complete 3-D models with as little error as possible. One of the advantages that laser rangefinders offer over other methods of computer vision is that the computer does not need to correlate features from two images to determine depth information as in stereoscopic methods.Laser rangefinders used in computer vision applications often have depth resolutions of tenths of millimeters or less. This can be achieved by using triangulation or refraction measurement techniques as opposed to the time of flight techniques used in LIDAR.ForestryLaser rangefinder TruPulse used for forest inventories (in combination with Field-Map technology)Special laser rangefinders are used in forestry. These devices have anti-leaf filtersand work with reflectors. Laser beam reflects only from this reflector and so exact distance measurement is guaranteed. Laser rangefinders with anti-leaf filter are used for example for forest inventories.SportsLaser rangefinders may be effectively used in various sports that require precision distance measurement, such as golf, hunting, and archery. Some of the more popular manufacturers are: Opti-logic Corporation, Bushnell, LaserTechnology, Trimble, Leica, Newcon Optik, Nikon, and Swarovski Optik.Industry production processesAn important application is the use of laser Range finder technology during the automation of stock management systems and production processes in steel industry.SafetyLaser rangefinders for consumers are laser class 1 devices and therefore are considered eyesafe. Some laser rangefinders for military use exceed the laser class 1 energy levels.HistoryDevelopment of the methods used in modern printed circuit boards started early in the 20th century. In 1903, a German inventor, Albert Hanson, described flat foil conductors laminated to an insulating board, in multiple layers. Thomas Edison experimented with chemical methods of plating conductors onto linen paper in 1904. Arthur Berry in 1913 patented a print-and-etch method in Britain, and in the United States Max Schoop obtained a patent[1] to flame-spray metal onto a board through a patterned mask. Charles Durcase in 1927 patented a method of electroplating circuit patterns.The Austrian Jewish engineer Paul Eisler invented the printed circuit while working in England around 1936 as part of a radio set. Around 1943 the USA began to use the technology on a large scale to make proximity fuses for use in World War II . After the war, in 1948, the USA released the invention for commercial use. Printed circuits did not become commonplace in consumer electronics until the mid-1950s, after the Auto-Sembly process was developed by the United States Army.Before printed circuits (and for a while after their invention), point-to-point construction was used. For prototypes, or small production runs, wire wrap or turret board can be more efficient. Predating the printed circuit invention, and similar in spirit, was John Sargrove's 1936–1947 Electronic Circuit Making Equipment (ECME) which sprayed metal onto a Bakelite plastic board. The ECME could produce 3 radios per minute.During World War II, the development of the anti-aircraft proximity fuse required an electronic circuit that could withstand being fired from a gun, and could be produced in quantity. The Centralab Division of Globe Union submitted a proposal which met the requirements: a ceramic plate would be screenprinted with metallic paint for conductors and carbon material for resistors, with ceramic disc capacitors and subminiature vacuum tubes soldered in place.Originally, every electronic component had wire leads, and the PCB had holes drilled for each wire of each component. The components' leads were then passed through the holes and soldered to the PCB trace. This method of assembly is called through-hole construction. In 1949, Moe Abramson and Stanislaus F. Danko of the United States Army Signal Corps developed the Auto-Sembly process in which component leads were inserted into a copper foil interconnection pattern and dip soldered. The patent they obtained in 1956 was assigned to the U.S. Army. [4] With the development of board lamination and etching techniques, this concept evolved into the standard printed circuit board fabrication process in use today. Soldering could be done automatically by passing the board over a ripple, or wave, of molten solder in a wave-soldering machine. However, the wires and holes are wasteful since drilling holes is expensive and the protruding wires are merely cut off.In recent years, the use of surface mount parts has gained popularity as the demand for smaller electronics packaging and greater functionality has grown.激光测距仪激光测距仪是一种设备，它采用了激光束来确定对象的距离。
单片机-外文翻译-外文文献-英文文献-基于单片机的超声波测距系统的研究与设计
附录附录A外文翻译the equivalent dc value. In the analysis of electronic circuits to be considered in a later course, both dc and ac sources of voltage will be applied to the same network. It will then be necessary to know or determine the dc (or average value) and ac components of the voltage or current in various parts of the system.EXAMPLE13.13Determine the average value of the waveforms of Fig.13.37.FIG.13.37Example 13.13.Solutions:a. By inspection, the area above the axis equals the area below over one cycle, resulting in an average value of zero volts.b. Using Eq.(13.26):as shown in Fig. 13.38.In reality, the waveform of Fig. 13.37(b) is simply the square wave of Fig. 13.37(a) with a dc shift of 4 V;that is v2 v1+4 VEXAMPLE 13.14 Find the average values of the following waveforms over one full cycle:a.Fig.13.39.b. Fig.13.40.Solutions:We found the areas under the curves in the preceding example by using a simple geometric formula. If we should encounter a sine wave or any other unusual shape, however, we must find the area by some other means. We can obtain a good approximation of the area by attempting to reproduce the original wave shape using a number of small rectangles or other familiar shapes, the area of which we already know through simple geometric formulas.For example,the area of the positive(or negative)pulse of a sine wave is 2Am.Approximating this waveform by two triangles (Fig. 13.43), we obtain(using area1/2 base height for the area of a triangle)a rough idea of the actual area:A closer approximation might be a rectangle with two similar triangles(Fig.13.44):which is certainly close to the actual area. If an infinite number of forms were used, an exact answer of 2Am could be obtained. For irregular waveforms,this method can be especially useful if data such as the average value are desired. The procedure of calculus that gives the exact solution 2Am is known as integration. Integration is presented here only to make the method recognizable to the reader; it is not necessary to be proficient in its use to continue with this text. It is a useful mathematical tool, however,and should be learned. Finding the area under the positive pulse of a sine wave using integration,we havewhere ∫ is the sign of integration, 0 and p are the limits of integration, Am sin a is the function to be integrated, and d a indicates that we are integrating with respect to a. Integrating,we obtainSince we know the area under the positive (or negative) pulse, we can easily determine the average value of the positive (or negative) region of a sine wave pulse by applying Eq.(13.26):For the waveform of Fig.13.45,EXAMPLE 13.15 Determine the average value of the sinusoidal waveform of Fig.13.46.Solution:By inspection it is fairly obvious thatthe average value of a pure sinusoidal waveform over one full cycle iszero.EXAMPLE13.16Determine the average value of the waveform of Fig. 13.47.Solution:The peak-to-peak value of the sinusoidal function is16 mV +2 mVmV. The peak amplitude of the sinusoidal waveform is, therefore, 18 mV/2 mV. Counting down 9 mV from 2 mV(or 9 mV up from -16 mV) results in an average or dc level of-7 mV,as noted by the dashed line of Fig.13.47.EXAMPLE13.17Determine the average value of the waveform of Fig. 13.48.Solution:EXAMPLE 13.18 For the waveform of Fig. 13.49, determine whether the average value is positive or negative,and determine its approximate value.S olution: From the appearance of the waveform, the average value is positive and in the vicinity of 2mV.Occasionally,judgments of this type will have to be made. InstrumentationThe dc level or average value of any waveform can be found using a digital multimeter (DMM) or an oscilloscope. For purely dc circuits,simply set the DMM on dc, and read the voltage or current levels.Oscilloscopes are limited to voltage levels using the sequence of steps listed below:1. First choose GND from the DC-GND-AC option list associated with each vertical channel. The GND option blocks any signal to which the oscilloscope probe may be connected from entering the oscilloscope and responds with just a horizontal line. Set the resulting line in the middle of the vertical axis on the horizontal axis, as shown in Fig.13.50(a).2. Apply the oscilloscope probe to the voltage to be measured(if not already connected), and switch to the DC option. If a dc voltage is present, the horizontal line will shift up or down, as demonstrated in Fig. 13.50(b). Multiplying the shift by the vertical sensitivity will result in the dc voltage. An upward shift is a positive voltage (higher potential at the red or positive lead of the oscilloscope), while a downward shift is a negative voltage (lower potential at the red or positive lead of the oscilloscope).In general,ing the GND option,reset the horizontal line to the middle of the screen.2.Switch to AC (all dc components of the signal to which the probe is connected will be blocked from entering the oscilloscope—only the alternating, or changing, components will be displayed).Note the location of some definitive point on the waveform, such as the bottom of the half-wave rectified waveform of Fig. 13.51(a); that is, note its position on the vertical scale.For the future, whenever you use the AC option,keep in mind that the computer will distribute the waveform above and below the horizontal axis such that the average value is zero;that is, the area above the axis will equal the area below.3. Then switch to DC (to permit both the dc and the ac components of the waveform to enter the oscilloscope), and note the shift in the chosen level of part 2, as shown in Fig.13.51(b).Equation(13.29) can then be used to determine the dc or average value of the waveform. For the waveform of Fig. 13.51(b),the average value is aboutThe procedure outlined above can be applied to any alternating waveform such as the one in Fig. 13.49. In some cases the average value may require moving the starting position of the waveform under the AC option to a different region of the screen or choosing a higher voltage scale. DMMs can read the average or dc level of any waveform by simply choosing the appropriate scale.13.7 EFFECTIVE(rms) VALUESThis section will begin to relate dc and ac quantities with respect to the power delivered to a load. It will help us determine the amplitude of a sinusoidal ac current required to deliver the same power as a particular dc current. The question frequently arises, How is it possible for a sinusoidal ac quantity to deliver a net power if, over a full cycle, the net current in any one direction is zero(average value It would almost appear that the power delivered during the positive portion of the sinusoidal waveform is withdrawn during the negative portion, and since the two are equal in magnitude, the net power delivered is zero. However,understand that irrespective of direction, current of any magnitude through a resistor will deliver power to that resistor. In other words, during the positive or negative portions of a sinusoidal ac current, power is being delivered at eachinstant of time to the resistor. The power delivered at each instant will, of course, vary with the magnitude of the sinusoidal ac current, but there will be a net flow during either the positive or the negative pulses with a net flow over the full cycle. The net power flow will equal twice that delivered by either the positive or the negative regions of sinusoidal quantity. A fixed relationship between ac and dc voltages and currents can be derived from the experimental setup shown in Fig. 13.52. A resistor in a water bath is connected by switches to a dc and an ac supply. If switch 1 is closed, a dc current I, determined by the resistance R and battery voltage E, will be established through the resistor R. The temperature reached by the water is determined by the dc power dissipated in the form of heat by the resistor.If switch 2 is closed and switch1 left open, the ac current through the resistor will have a peak value of Im. The temperature reached by the water is now determined by the ac power dissipated in the form of heat by the resistor. The ac input is varied until the temperature is the same as that reached with the dc input. When this is accomplished, the average electrical power delivered to the resistor R by the ac source is the same as that delivered by the dc source. The power delivered by the ac supply at any instant of time isThe average power delivered by the ac source is just the first term, since the average value of a cosine wave is zero even though the wave may have twice the frequency of the original input current waveform.Equating the average power delivered by the ac generator to that delivered by the dc source,which,in words, states thatthe equivalent dc value of a sinusoidal current or voltage is 1/2 or 0.707 of its maximum value.The equivalent dc value is called the effective value of the sinusoidal quantity.In summary,As a simple numerical example, it would require an ac current with a peak value of14.14 A to deliver the same power to the resistor in Fig. 13.52 as a dc current of 10 A. The effective value of any quantity plotted as a function of time can be found by using the following equation derived from the experiment just described:which, in words, states that to find the effective value, the function i(t) must first be squared. After i(t) is squared,the area under the curve isfound by integration. It is then divided by T, the length of the cycle or the period of the waveform, to obtain the average or mean value of thesquared waveform. The final step is to take the square root of the meanvalue.This procedure gives us another designation for the effectivevalue, the root-mean-square(rms) value. In fact, since the rms term isthe most commonly used in the educational and industrial communities,it will used throughout this text.EXAMPLE13.19 Find the rms values of the sinusoidal waveform in each part of Fig.13.53.Solution:For part (a), I rms 0.707(1210 3 A) 8.484 mA.For part (b), again I rms 8.484 mA. Note that frequency did notchange the effective value in (b) above compared to (a).For part(c),V rms 0.707(169.73V) 120 V,the same as available from a home outlet. EXAMPLE 13.20 The 120-V dc source of Fig. 13.54(a) delivers 3.6 W to the load. Determine the peak value of the applied voltage (Em) and the current (Im) if the ac source[Fig.13.54(b)]is to deliver the same power to the load.Solution:EXAMPLE13.21Find the effective or rms value of the waveform of Fig. 13.55.Solution:EXAMPLE13.22Calculate the rms value of the voltage of Fig.13.57. Solution:EXAMPLE 13.23 Determine the average and rms values of the square wave of Fig.13.59.Solution:By inspection,the average value is zero.The waveforms appearing in these examples are the same as thoseused in theexamples on the average value. It might prove interesting tocompare the rms and average values of these waveforms.The rms values of sinusoidal quantities such as voltage or currentwill be represented by E and I. These symbols are the same as thoseused for dc voltages and currents. To avoid confusion,the peak valueof a waveform will always have a subscript m associated with it: Im sin q t. Caution: When finding the rms value of the positive pulse of asine wave, note that the squared area is not simply (2Am)24A2m; itmust be found by a completely new integration. This will always bethe case for any waveform that is not rectangular.A unique situation arises if a waveform has both a dc and an ac componentthat may be due to a source such as the one in Fig. 13.61. Thecombination appears frequently in the analysis of electronic networkswhere both dc and ac levels are present in the same system.The question arises, What is the rms value of the voltage vT? Onemight be tempted to simply assume that it is the sum of the rms valuesof each component of the waveform; that is, VT rms 0.7071(1.5 V) 6 V 1.06 V 6 V 7.06 V. However,the rms value is actuallydetermined bywhich for the above example is直流值相等。
检测仪器中英文对照表
Telescope gauge
仪器分辨力
instrument resolution
触针
stylus
量程分辨力比
range-to-resolution ratio
直角尺
Square master
赛规
Plug Gauge
镀层测试仪
Plating thickness tester
角度规
Angle gauge
表面粗糙度仪
Surface roughness tester
环规
Ring Gauge
拉力强度测试设备
Pulling strength testing machine
厚度规
Thickness gauges
制成检验
IN-Process qualitycontrol(IPQC)
色差仪
Color difference meter
三棱尺
three edges straigjht edge
水位仪
Water level
四棱尺
four edges straigjht edge
水平仪
Level ruler
条式和框式水平仪
拾取单元
Tracing element
压力计
Pressure gauge
针尖
Stylus tip
电子卡尺
Digital caliper
转换器
transducer
深度千分尺
Depth gauge
放大器
amplifier
投影仪
projector
模/数转换器
Anolog-to-digital converter
统计过程控制
超声测距相关毕业设计外文资料翻译
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系（院）：电子与电气工程学院专业：电气工程及其自动化姓名：学号：外文出处：United States Patent 5442592(用外文写)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
指导教师评语：签名：（手写签名）年月日注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
外文资料翻译译文超声波测距仪文件类型和数目：美国专利5442592摘要：提出了一种可以抵消温度的影响和湿度的变化的新型超声波测距仪，包括测量单元和参考资料。
在每一个单位，重复的一系列脉冲的产生，每有一个重复率，直接关系到各自之间的距离，发射机和接收机。
该脉冲序列提供给各自的计数器，计数器的产出的比率，是用来确定被测量的距离。
出版日期：1995年8月15日主审查员：罗保.伊恩j.一、背景发明本发明涉及到仪器的测量距离，最主要的是，这种仪器，其中两点之间传输超声波。
精密机床必须校准。
在过去，这已经利用机械设备来完成，如卡钳，微米尺等。
不过，使用这种装置并不利于本身的自动化技术发展。
据了解，两点之间的距离可以通过测量两点之间的行波传播时间的决定。
这样的一个波浪型是一种超声波，或声波。
当超声波在两点之间通过时，两点之间的距离可以由波的速度乘以测量得到的在分离的两点中波中转的时间。
因此，本发明提供仪器利用超声波来精确测量两点之间的距离对象。
当任意两点之间的介质是空气时，声音的速度取决于温度和空气的相对湿度。
因此，它是进一步的研究对象，本次的发明，提供的是独立于温度和湿度的变化的新型仪器。
二、综述发明这项距离测量仪器发明是根据上述的一些条件和额外的一些基础原则完成的，其中包括一个参考单位和测量单位。
参考和测量单位是相同的，每个包括一个超声波发射机和一个接收机。
间隔发射器和接收器的参考值是一个固定的参考距离，而间距之间的发射机和接收机的测量单位是有最小距离来衡量的。
在每一个单位，发射器和接收器耦合的一个反馈回路，它会导致发射器产生超声脉冲，这是由接收器和接收到一个电脉冲然后被反馈到发射机转换，从而使重复系列脉冲的结果。
医疗诊断超声波名词中英文对照
内部交流使用；如有错误，请不吝赐教。
WordCFMTransducer Transducer array Transducer assembly Transducer elementUltrasound transducer Annular array Convex array Linear arrayLinear phased array Linear sequenced array Phased arrayPhased linear array Vector arrayMechanical transducerAperture ApodizationAxial resolutionDetail resolution Lateral resolution Bandwidth SensitivityCompositeCrystal/Element Curie pointBeamDampingDynamic aperture FocusFocal lengthFocal regin Meaning (Ch)彩色多普勒成像能量转化器，换能器换能器阵列换能器集成体换能器集成体中的某一小块压电陶瓷材料超声波换能器环形阵列凸形阵列线形阵列线形相阵列线形顺序阵列相控阵列定相线形阵列向量阵列机械换能器孔径干涉轴向分辨率细节分辨率横向分辨率带宽灵敏度合成元件，指Transducer居里点波束衰减，阻尼动态孔径焦点焦距焦点区Meaning (En) RemarkColor FlowMaping包括了衰减/匹配层的换能器线形阵列，操作时不同的元件之间的脉冲电压具有一定的相位差线形阵列，操作时所有元件组使用相同的电压脉冲操作和聚焦自动具有一定相位的阵列具有定相聚焦功能的线形阵列线形顺序阵列，发射脉冲沿不同的起始点和不同的方向。
通过机械运动来扫描发射超声波阵列的换能器沿声波发送方向的分辨率沿扫描方向的分辨率这里指超声波图象系统接收弱回声的能力磁性或者铁电材料特性转变的温度点为了获得固定的焦距指超声波束直径最小的地方焦点附近的区域Focal zoneExternal focus Internal focusLensElectric impulse Electric voltage F number Fractional bandwidth Near zone/Near field/ Fresnel zone Far zone/Far field/ Fraunhofer zone Near zone length Far zone length Grating lobesSide lobesPZTPVDFCeramic Piezoelectric Matching layerOperating frequency Resonance frequency Probe / ScanheadPulsed modeShock-excited mode Quality (Q) factor Sound beamSourceVoltage burst Voltage impulse EchoTissues 焦点区的长度外部焦点内部焦点凸透镜电脉冲电动势焦距与换能器孔径之比小数带宽收缩区扩张区收缩区长度扩张区长度栅瓣旁瓣锆钛酸铅聚偏氟乙烯陶瓷压电体匹配层(最佳)工作频率共振频率探头脉冲方式震激模式Q 因子声波波束声源突发电压电压脉冲回声组织由换能器凸透镜产生的焦点由凸换能器产生的焦点带宽与工作频率的比值超声波束直径随距离换能器增大而减小的区域超声波束直径随距离换能器增大而增大的区域声波发射过程中，在不少方向上都有能量传播，不同方向上的能量分布不同。
中英文文献翻译—超声波测距系统
附录2This article described the three directions (before, left, right) ultrasonic ranging system is to understand the front of the robot, left and right environment to provide a movement away from the information. (Similar to GPS Positioning System)A principle of ultrasonic distance measurement1, the principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic generatorPiezoelectric ultrasonic generator is the use of piezoelectric crystal resonators to work. Ultrasonic generator, the internal structure as shown in Figure 1, it has two piezoelectric chip and a resonance plate. When it's two plus pulse signal, the frequency equal to the intrinsic piezoelectric oscillation frequency chip, the chip will happen piezoelectric resonance, and promote the development of plate vibration resonance, ultrasound is generated. Conversely, if the two are not inter-electrode voltage, when the board received ultrasonic resonance, it will be for vibration suppression of piezoelectric chip, the mechanical energy is converted to electrical signals, then it becomes the ultrasonic receiver.2, the principle of ultrasonic distance measurementUltrasonic transmitter in a direction to launch ultrasound, in the moment to launch the beginning of time at the same time, the spread of ultrasound in the air, obstacles on his way to return immediately, the ultrasonic reflected wave received by the receiver immediately stop the clock. Ultrasound in the air as the propagation velocity of 340m / s, according to the timer records the time t, we can calculate the distance between the launch distance barrier (s), that is: s = 340t / 2Ultrasonic Ranging System for the Second Circuit DesignSystem is characterized by single-chip microcomputer to control the use of ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver since the launch from time to time, single-chip selection of 8751, economic-to-use, and the chip has 4K of ROM, to facilitate programming. Circuit schematic diagram shown in Figure 2. Draw only the front range of the circuit wiring diagram, left and right in front of Ranging Ranging circuits and the same circuit, it is omitted.1,40 kHz ultrasonic pulse generated with the launchRanging system using the ultrasonic sensor of piezoelectric ceramic sensors UCM40, its operating voltage of the pulse signal is 40kHz, which by the single-chip implementation of the following procedures to generate.puzel: mov 14h, # 12h; ultrasonic firing continued 200mshere: cpl p1.0; output 40kHz square wavenop;nop;nop;djnz 14h, here;retRanging in front of single-chip termination circuit P1.0 input port, single chip implementation of the above procedure, the P1.0 port in a 40kHz pulse output signal, after amplification transistor T, the drive to launch the first ultrasonic UCM40T, issued 40kHz ultrasonic pulse, and the continued launch of 200ms. Ranging the right and the left side of the circuit, respectively, then input port P1.1 and P1.2, the working principle and circuit in front of the same location.2, reception and processing of ultrasonicUsed to receive the first launch of the first pair UCM40R, the ultrasonic pulse modulation signal into an alternating voltage, the op-amp amplification IC1A and after polarization IC1B to IC2. IC2 is locked loop with audio decoder chip LM567, internal voltage-controlled oscillator center frequency of f0 = 1/1.1R8C3, capacitor C4 determine their target bandwidth. R8-conditioning in the launch of the carrier frequency on the LM567 input signal is greater than 25mV, the output from the high jump 8 feet into a low-level, as interrupt request signals to the single-chip processing.Ranging in front of single-chip termination circuit output port INT0 interrupt the highest priority, right or left location of the output circuit with output gate IC3A access INT1 port single-chip, while single-chip P1.3 and P1. 4 received input IC3A, interrupted by the process to identify the source of inquiry to deal with, interrupt priority level for the first left right after. Part of the source code is as follows:receive1: push pswpush accclr ex1; related external interrupt 1jnb p1.1, right; P1.1 pin to 0, ranging from right to interrupt service routine circuitjnb p1.2, left; P1.2 pin to 0, to the left ranging circuit interrupt service routinereturn: SETB EX1; open external interrupt 1pop? accpop? pswretiright: ...?; right location entrance circuit interrupt service routine? Ajmp? Returnleft: ...; left Ranging entrance circuit interrupt service routine? Ajmp? Return4, the calculation of ultrasonic propagation timeWhen you start firing at the same time start the single-chip circuitry within the timer T0, the use of timer counting function records the time and the launch of ultrasonic reflected wave received time. When you receive the ultrasonic reflected wave, the receiver circuit outputs a negative jump in the end of INT0 or INT1 interrupt request generates a signal, single-chip microcomputer in response to external interrupt request, the implementation of the external interrupt service subroutine, read the time difference, calculating the distance . Some of its source code is as follows:RECEIVE0: PUSH PSWPUSH ACCCLR EX0; related external interrupt 0? MOV R7, TH0; read the time valueMOV R6, TL0?CLR CMOV A, R6SUBB A, # 0BBH; calculate the time differenceMOV 31H, A; storage resultsMOV A, R7SUBB A, # 3CHMOV 30H, A?SETB EX0; open external interrupt 0POP ACC?POP PSWRETIFourth, the ultrasonic ranging system software designSoftware is divided into two parts, the main program and interrupt service routine, shown in Figure 3 (a) (b) (c) below. Completion of the work of the main program is initialized, each sequence of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving control.Interrupt service routines from time to time to complete three of the rotation direction of ultrasonic launch, the main external interrupt service subroutine to read the value of completion time, distance calculation, the results of the output and so on.V. CONCLUSIONSRequired measuring range of 30cm ~ 200cm objects inside the plane to do a number of measurements found that the maximum error is 0.5cm, and good reproducibility. Single-chip design can be seen on the ultrasonic ranging system has a hardware structure is simple, reliable, small features such as measurement error. Therefore, it can be used not only for mobile robot can be used in other detection systems.Thoughts: As for why the receiver do not have the transistor amplifier circuit, because the magnification well, CX20106 integrated amplifier, but also with automatic gain control level, magnification to 76dB, the center frequency is 38k to 40k, is exactly resonant ultrasonic sensors frequency译文=====本文所介绍的三方向（前、左、右）超声波测距系统，就是为机器人了解其前方、左侧和右侧的环境而提供一个运动距离信息。
检测仪器设备中英文对照表
Resistance Measuring Instrument
涡轮流量计
Turbine Flow Meter
电池测试仪
Battery Tester
磁力计
Magnetometer
臭氧分析仪
Ozone Analyzer
以上是一份检测仪器设备中英文对照表，方便使用者在中英文之间进行对照和理解。这些仪器设备广泛应用于各个行业，以帮助进行各种样品、物质或参数的检测与测量工作。
请注意，本对照表仅提供常见的仪器设备名称，具体仪器型号和功能可能因不同厂商和品牌而有所不同。在选择使用具体仪器时，建议参考相关技术规格和说明书，以确保符合实际应用需求。
请勿引用无法确认的内容。
检测仪器设备中英文对照表
中文名称
英文名称
气动泵
Pneumatic Pump
电子秤
Electronic Scale
温度计
Thermometer
压力计
Pressure Gauge
液体计量装置
Liquid Measurement Devi速滴定仪
Rapid Titration Device
高压电源
High Voltage Power Supply
光谱分析仪
Spectrometer
可见光显微镜
Optical Microscope
激光扫描仪
Laser Scanner
X射线仪
X-ray Machine
红外线热像仪
Infrared Thermal Imager
太阳能电池板
Solar Panel
常用测试仪器设备英文名称
测量用示波器measuring oscilloscope
高阻计high resistance meter
粘度计viscosity meter
硬度计hardness scale
常用测试仪器设备英文名称
目视仪器visual instrument
卷尺tape measure/tapeline
投影机profile projector
卡尺/测径器caliper
游标卡尺verniercaliper
千分尺micrometer
电子测试仪器electronic measuring instrument
销规/栓规height gauge
厚度尺thickness gauge
放大镜microscope
数字万用表digitalmultimeter(DMM)
示波器oscilloscope
推拉力计push-pull gauge
可焊性测试仪solderabilitychecker
量测设备/量具gauge
计量器/计量表meter
测试装置tester
功能测试仪function tester
米尺meter stick
千分卡尺micrometer calipers
块规block gauge
显微镜microscope
金相显微镜metallographymicroscope
工具显微镜measuring microscope
目视仪器visualinstrument卷尺tapemeasuretapeline投影机profileprojector卡尺测径器caliper游标卡尺verniercaliper千分尺micrometer电子测试仪器electronicmeasuringinstrument量测设备量具gauge计量器计量表meter测试装置tester功能测试仪functiontester米尺meterstick千分卡尺micrometercalipers块规blockgauge显微镜microscope金相显微镜metallographymicroscope工具显微镜measuringmicroscopeheightgauge厚度尺thicknessgauge放大镜magnifierglass立体显微镜stereomicroscope数字万用表digitalmultimeterdmm示波器oscilloscope推拉力计pushpullgauge可焊性测试仪solderabilitychecker能谱分析仪energydispersivexraydetectoredx测量用示波器measuringoscilloscopehighresistancemeter粘度计viscositymeter硬度计hardnessscale
文献翻译-超声测距系统设计
毕业设计（论文）英文资料翻译Ultrasonic ranging system design系别专业班级学生姓名学号指导教师中文翻译超声测距系统设计摘要：超声测距技术在工业现场、车辆导航、水声工程等领域都具有广泛的应用价值，目前已应用于物位测量、机器人自动导航以及空气中与水下的目标探测、识别、定位等场合。
因此，深入研究超声的测距理论和方法具有重要的实践意义。
为了进一步提高测距的精确度，满足工程人员对测量精度、测距量程和测距仪使用的要求，本文研制了一套基于单片机的便携式超声测距系统。
关键词：超声波，测距仪，单片机1.前言随着科技的发展，人们生活水平的提高，城市发展建设加快，城市给排水系统也有较大发展，其状况不断改善。
但是，由于历史原因合成时间住的许多不可预见因素，城市给排水系统，特别是排水系统往往落后于城市建设。
因此，经常出现开挖已经建设好的建筑设施来改造排水系统的现象。
城市污水给人们带来了困扰，因此箱涵的排污疏通对大城市给排水系统污水处理，人们生活舒适显得非常重要。
而设计研制箱涵排水疏通移动机器人的自动控制系统，保证机器人在箱涵中自由排污疏通，是箱涵排污疏通机器人的设计研制的核心部分。
控制系统核心部分就是超声波测距仪的研制。
因此，设计好的超声波测距仪就显得非常重要了。
2.SCM描述微控制器(MCU)是一种单片计算机。
这是一种强调自给自足和成本效益形成鲜明对比的通用微处理器（PC）。
现在使用的大多数的计算机系统是嵌入到其他机器中，如电话、时钟、电器、汽车和基础设施。
嵌入式系统通常对内存和程序长度的要求很小并且可能需要简单但不寻常的输入/输出系统。
例如，大多数嵌入式系统缺乏键盘，屏幕，磁盘、打印机或其他可辨认的个人计算机的I/O设备。
他们可能控制电动机、继电器或电压和阅读开关、可变电阻或者其他电子设备。
通常情况下，人类可读的唯一的I/O设备是一个发光二极管，严重的甚至可以消除这种成本或权力约束。
与通用CPU相比，微控制器没有一个地址总线或一个数据总线，因为他们整合了所有的内存和非易失性内存相同的芯片CPU。
超声波测距仪设计论文毕业论文
超声波测距仪设计论文毕业论文目录前言.............................................. 错误!未定义书签。
第一章超声波测距系统工作原理 (3)第一节超声波概述 (3)第二节超声波传感器简介 (4)一、压电式超声波传感器 (4)第三节超声波传感器原理 (6)一、测距原理 (6)二、超声波测量中盲区及近限和远限 (6)三、提高测距仪的措施 (7)第四节超声波测距仪系统设计 (8)一、论文设计容 (8)二、硬件设计容 (8)第五节本章小结 (9)第二章系统硬件设计 (10)第一节电路原理设计 (10)一、设计总体思路 (10)第二节主要元器件介绍 (10)一、单片机STC89C52 (10)二、超声波传感器HC-SR04 (12)三、显示电路LCD1602 (14)四、按键电路 (21)五、下载电路 (21)第三节本章小结 (22)第三章系统软件设计 (24)第一节软件设计总体方案 (24)一、主程序设计总体思路 (24)二、测距子程序软件设计 (25)三、显示程序设计 (26)四、按键程序设计 (28)第二节本章小结 (30)第四章超声波测距的误差分析 (31)第一节超声波测距测量结果 (31)一、测量结果 (31)二、误差分析 (31)第二节本章小结 (33)结论.............................................. 错误!未定义书签。
致谢.............................................. 错误!未定义书签。
参考文献.. (34)附录 (35)一、英文原文 (35)二、英文翻译 (41)三、电路图 (46)四、源程序 (47)第一章超声波测距系统工作原理第一节超声波概述声音是与人类生活紧密相联的一种自然现象，人们对声音早有认识，在人们的日常生活中存在着各式各样的声音。
在科学史上，声学是发展最早的学科之一。
电子常用英汉对照词典
目录A (1)B (4)C (6)D (10)E (14)F (18)G (20)H (21)I (23)J (26)K (26)L (26)M (29)N (33)O (35)P (36)Q (42)R (42)S (46)T (55)U (58)V (59)W (61)X (62)Y (62)Z (62)电子类常用英汉对照词典Aa. c .balance indicator,交流平衡指示器a. c. bridge,交流电桥a. c. current calibrator,交流电流校准器a. c. current distortion,交流电流失真a. c. induced polarization instrument,交流激电仪a. c. potentiometer,交流电位差计a. c. resistance box,交流电阻箱a. c. standard resistor,交流标准电阻器a. c. voltage distortion,交流电压校准器a. c. voltage distortion,交流电压失真Abbe comparator,阿贝比长仪aberration,象差ability of anti prereduced component,抗先还原物质能力ablative thickness transducer [sensor],烧蚀厚度传感器abrasion testing machine,磨损试验机absolute calibration,绝对法校准absolute coil,独立线圈absolute error,绝对误差(absolute)error of measurement,测量的（绝对）误差absolute gravimeter,绝对重力仪absolute gravity survey,绝对重力测量absolute humidity,绝对湿度absolute method,绝对法absolute moisture of the soil,土壤（绝对）湿度absolute pressure,绝对压力absolute(pressure transducer,绝对压力表absolute pressure transducer[sensor],绝对压力传感器absolute read-out,单独读出absolute resolution,绝对分辨率absolute salinity,绝对盐度absolute stability,绝对稳定性absolute stability of a linear system,线性系统的绝对稳定性absolute static pressure of the fluid,流体绝对静压absolute temperature scale,绝对温标absorbance,吸光度absorbed current image,吸收电流象absorptance,吸收比absorptiometer,吸收光度计absorption cell,吸收池absorption coefficient,吸收系数absorption correction,吸收修正absorption edges,吸收边absorption factor,吸收系数absorption hygrometer,吸收温度表absorption spectrum,吸收光谱absorption X-ray spectrometry,吸收X射线谱法absorptivity,吸收率absorptivity of an absorbing,吸引材料的吸收率abstract system,抽象系统abundance sensityivity,丰度灵敏度AC-ACLVDT displacement transducer,交流差动变压器式位移传感器accelerated test,加速试验accelerationg voltage,加速电压acceleration,加速度acceleration error coefficient,加速度误差系数acceleration of gravity,重力加速度acceleration simulator,加速度仿真器acceleration transducer[sensor],加速度传感器accelerometer,加速度计acceptance of the mass filter,滤质器的接收容限acceptance test,验[交]收检验access,存取 access time,存取时间accessibility,可及性accessories of testing machine,试验机附件accessory(for a measuring instrument),（测量仪表的）附件accessory hardware,附属硬件accessory of limited interchangeability,有限互换附件accumulated error,积累误差accumulated time difference,累积时差accumulative raingauge,累积雨量器accumulator,累加器accuracy,精[准]确度accuracy class,精[准]确度等级accuracy limit factor(of a protective current transformer）, （保护用电流互感器的）精确度极限因数accuracy of measurement,测量精[准]确度accuracy of the wavelength,波长精确度accuracy rating,精确度限acetylene(pressure)gauge,乙炔压力表acetylene regulator,乙炔减压器acoustic amplitude logger,声波幅度测井仪acoustic beacon,水声信标acoustic current meter,声学海流计acoustic element,声学元件acoustic emission,声发射acoustic emission amplitude,声发射振幅acoustic emission analysis system,声发射分析系统acoustic emission detection system,声发射检测系统acoustic emission detector,声发射检测仪acoustic emission energy,声发射能量acoustic emission event,声发射事件acoustic emission preamplifier,声发射前置放大器acoustic emission pulser,声发射脉冲发生器acoustic emission rate,声发射率acoustic emission signal processor[conditioner],声发射信号处理器acoustic emission rate,声发射信号acoustic emission source location and analysis system,声发射源定位及分析系统acoustic emission source location system,声发射源定位系统acoustic emission source,声发射源acoustic emission spectrum,声发射频谱acoustic emission technique,声发射技术acoustic emission transducer[sensor],声发射换能器acoustic fatigue,声疲劳acoustic impedance,声阻抗acoustic logging instrument,声波测井仪acoustic malfunction,声失效acoustic matching layer,声匹配层acoustic(quantity)transducer[sensor],声（学量）传感器acoustic ratio,声比acoustic releaser,声释放器acoustic resistance,声阻acoustic thermometer,声学温度计；声波温度表acoustic tide gauge,回声验潮仪acoustic transponder,声应答器acoustical frequency electric,声频大地电场仪acoustical hologram,声全息图acoustical holography,声全息acoustical holography by electron-beam scanning,电子束扫描声全息acoustical holography by laser scanning,激光束扫描声全息acoustical holography by mechanical scanning,机械扫查声全息acoustical imaging by Bragg diffraction,布拉格衍射声成像acoustical impedance method,声阻法acoustical lens,声透镜acoustically transparent pressure vessel,透声压力容器acquisition time,取数据时间actinometer,光能计；直接日射强度表；日射表(active)energy meter,（有功）电度表active gauge length,有效基长active gauge width,有效基宽active metal indicated electrode,活性金属指示电极active remote sensing,主动遥感active transducer[sensor],有源传感器activity,活度 activity coefficient,活度系数actual material calibration,实物校准actual time of observation,实际观测时间actual transformation ratio of voltage transformer,电压互感器的实际变化actral transformation ratio of current transformer,电流互感器的实际变化actual value,实际值actual voltage ratio,实际电压比actuator,执行机构；驱动器actuator bellows,执行机构波纹管actuator load,执行机构负载actuator power unit,执行机构动力部件actuator sensor interface(ASI),执行器传感器接口actuator shaft,执行机构输出轴actuator spring,执行机构弹簧actuator stem,执行机构输出杆actuator stem force,执行机构刚度actuator travel characteristic,执行机构行程特性adaptation layer,适应层adaptive control,（自）适应控制adaptive control system,适应控制系统adaptive controller,适应控制器adaptive prediction,适应预报adaptive telemetering system,适应遥测系统adder,加法器addition method,叠加法additional correction,补充修正additivity of mass spectra,质谱的可迭加性address,地址 adiabatic calorimeter,绝热式热量计adjust buffer total ion strength,总离子强度调节缓冲剂adjustable cistern barometer,动槽水银气压表adjustable relative humidity range,相对湿度可调范围adjustable temperature range,温度可调范围adjusted retention time,调整保留时间adjusted retention volume,调整保留体积adjuster,调整机构；调节器adjustment,调整adjustment bellows,调节波纹管adjustment device,调整装置adjusting pin,校正针adsorbent,吸附剂adsorption chromatography,吸附色谱法aerial camera,航空照相机aerial remote sensing,航空遥感aerial surveying camera,航摄仪aerodynamic balance,空气动力学天平aerodynamic noise,气体动力噪声aerograph,高空气象计aerogravity survey,航空重力测量aerometeorograph,高空气象计aerosol,县浮微料；气溶胶aging of column,柱老化agitator,搅拌器agricultural analyzer,农用分析仪air-borne gravimeter,航空重力仪air capacitor,空气电容器air consumption,耗气量air damper,空气阻尼器air-deployable buoy,空投式极地浮标air-drop automatic station,空投自动气象站air duct,风道air gun,空气枪air inlet,进风口air lock,气锁阀air-lock device,锁气装置air outlet,回风口air pressrue balance,空气压力天平air pressure test,空气压力试验air sleeve,风（向）袋air temperature,气温air-tight instrument,气密式仪器仪表air to close,气关air to open,气开airborne electromagnetic system;AEM system,航空电磁系统airborne flux-gate magnetometer,航空磁通门磁力仪airborne gamma radiometer,航空伽玛辐射仪airborne gamma spectrometer,航空伽玛能谱仪airborne infrared spectroradiometer,机载红外光谱辐射计airborne optical pumping magnetometer,航空光泵磁力仪airborne proton magnetometer,航空甚低频电磁系统airborne XBT,机载投弃式深温计airgun controller,气控制器airmeter,气流表alarm summery panel,报警汇总画面alarm unit,报警单元albedograph,反射计alcohol thermometer,酒精温度表algorithm,算法 algorithmic language,算法语言alidade,照准仪alignment instrument,准线仪alkali flame ionization detector(AFID),碱焰离子化检测器alkaline error,碱误差alkalinity of seawater,海水碱度all-sky camera,全天空照相机all-weather wind vane and anemometer,全天候风向风速计allocation problem,配置问题；分配问题allowable load impedance,允许的负载阻抗allowable pressure differential,允许压差allowable unbalance,许用不平衡量alpha spectrometer,α粒子能谱仪alternating[exchange]load,交变负荷alternating-current linear variable differential transformer(AC-ACLVDT), 交流极谱仪 alternating temperature humidity test chamber,交变湿热试验箱altimeter,高度计altitude angle,高度角altitude meter,测高仪ambient humidity range,环境湿度范围ambient pressure,环境压力ambient pressure error,环境压力误差ambient temperature,环境ambient temperature range,环境温度范围ambient vibration,环境振动ambiguity error,模糊误差ammeter,电流表ammonia(pressure)gauge,氨压力表amount of precipitation,雨量amount of unbalance,不平衡量amount of unbalance indicatior,不平衡量指示器ampere-hour meter,安时计amplitude,幅值amplitude detector module,振幅检测组件amplitude error,振幅误差amplitude modulation(AM),幅度调制；调幅amplitude-phase error,幅相误差amplitude ratio-phase difference instrument,振幅比—相位差仪amplitude response,幅值响应analog computer,模拟计算机analog control,模拟控制analog data,模拟数据analog deep-level seismograhp,模拟深层地震仪analog input,模拟输入analog magnetic tape record type strong-motion instrument,模拟磁带记录强震仪analog model,模拟模型analog output,模拟输出analog seismograph tape recorder,模拟磁带地震记录仪analog simulation,模拟仿真analog stereopotter,模拟型立体测图仪analog superconduction magnetometer,模拟式超导磁力仪analog system,模拟系统analog telemetering system,模拟遥测系统analog-to-digital conversion accuracy,模-数转换精确度analog-to-digital conversion rate,模-数转换速度analog transducer[sensor],模拟传感器analogue computer,模拟计算单元analogue date,模拟数据analogue measuring instrument,模拟式测量仪器仪表analogue representation of a physical quantity,物理量的模拟表示analogue signal,模拟试验analogue-digital converter;A/D converter,模-数转换器；A/D转换器analogue-to-digital conversion,模/数转[变]换analysis of simulation experiment,仿真实验分析analytical balance,分析天平analytical electron microscope,分析型电子显微镜analytical gap,分析间隙analytical instrument,分析仪器analytical line,分析线analytical plotter,解析测图仪analyzer tube,分析管anechoic chamber,消声室；电波暗室anechoic tank,消声水池anemograph,风速计anemometer,风速表anemometer meast,测风杆anemometer tower,测风塔aneroid barograph,空盒气压计aneroid barometer,空盒气压表；空盒气压计aneroidograph,空盒气压计angle,角度angle beam technique,斜角法angle beam testing,斜角法angle form,角型angle of attach,冲角angle of field of view,视场角angle of incidence,入射角angle of refraction,折射角angle of spread,指向角；半扩散角angle of view of telescope,望远镜视场角angle of X-ray projiction,X射线辐射圆锥角angle probe,斜探头angle resolved electron spectroscopy(ARES),角分辨电子谱法angle strain,角应变angle transducer[sensor],角度传感器anglg-attack transducer[sensor],迎角传感器angle valve,角形阀angular acceleration,角加速度angular acceleration transducer[sensor],角加速度传感器angular displacement,角加速度传感器angular displacement,角位移angular displacement grationg,角位移光栅angular encoder,角编码器angular sensitivity,角灵敏度angular velocity transducer[sensor],角速度传感器annular coil clearance,环形线圈间隙annular space,环形间隙annunciator,信号源anode,阳极answering,应答anti-cavitation valve,防空化阀anti-contamination device,防污染装置anti-coupling bi-frequency induced polarization instrument,抗耦双频激电仪anti-magnetized varistor,消磁电压敏电阻器antiresonance,反共振antiresonance frequency,反共振频率anti-stockes line,反斯托克线aperiodic dampong,非周期阻尼；过阻尼aperiodic vibration,非周期振动aperture,光阑aperture of pressure difference,压差光阑aperture photographic method,针孔摄影法aperture stop,孔径光栏aperture time,空隙时间apparatus for measuring d.c.magnetic characteristic with ballistic galvanometer, 冲击法直流磁特性测量装置apparent temperature,表观温度appearance potentical,出现电位appearance potential spectrometer,出现电热谱仪appearance potential spectrometer(APS),出现电热谱法application layer(AL),应用层application layer protocol specification,应用层协议规范application layer service definition,应用室服务定义application software,应用软件approval,批准approximate absolute temperature scale,近似绝对温标aqueous vapour,水汽arc suppressing varstor,消弧电压敏电阻器arctic buoy,极地浮标area effect,面积影响area location,区域定位area of cross section of the main air flow,主送风方向横截面积argon-ion gun,氩离子枪annular chamber,环室argon ionization detector,氩离子化检测器arithmetic logic unit(ALU),算术逻辑运算单元arithmetic mean,算术平均值arithmetic weighted mean,算术加权平均值arithmetical mean deviation ofthe(foughness)profile,(粗糙度）轮廓的算术平均偏差arm error,不等臂误差armature,动铁芯array,阵，阵列array configuration,阵排列arrester varistor,防雷用电压敏电阻器articulated robot,关节型机器人artificial defect,人工缺陷artificial environment,人工环境artificial field method instrument,人工电场法仪器artificial intelligence,人工智能artificial seawater,人工海水ash fusion point determination meter,异步通信接口适配器asynchronous input,异步输入asynchronous transmission,异步传输atmidometer,蒸发仪，蒸发表atmometer,蒸发仪；蒸发表atmoradiograph,天电强度计atmosphere,气氛atmospheric counter radiation,天气向下辐射atmospheric electricity,大气电atmospheric opacity,大气不透明度atmospheric pressure,气压atmospheric pressure altimeter,气压高度计atmospheric pressure ionization(API),大气压电离atmospherics,天电；远程雷电atom force microscope,原子力显微镜atomic absorption spectrometry,原子吸收光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer,原子荧光光度计atomic fluorescence spectrometry,原子荧光光谱法atomic mass unit,原子质量单位atomic number correction,原子序数修正atomin spectrum,原子光谱atomic-absorption spectrophotometer,原子吸收分光光度计atomization,原子化atomizer,原子化器attenuation,衰减attenuation coefficient,衰减系数attenuation length,衰减长度attenuator,衰减器attitude,姿态attitude transducer[sensor],姿态传感器audio monitor,监听器audio-frequency spectrometer,声频频谱仪audit,审核Auger electron energy spectrometer(AEES),俄歇电子能谱仪Auger electron image,俄歇电子象Auger electron spectrometer,俄歇电子能谱仪Auger electron spectroscopy(AES),俄歇电子能谱法aurora,极光auto-compensation logging instrument,电子自动测井仪auto-compound current transformer,自耦式混合绕组电流互感器auto-polarization compensator,自动极化补偿器autocorrelation function,自相关函数automatic a.c.,d.c.B-H curve tracer,交、直流磁特性自动记录装置automatic balancing machine,自动平衡机automatic control,自动控制automatic control souce of vacuum,真空自动控制电源automatic control system,自动控制系统automatic data processing,自动数据处理automatic exposure device,自动曝光装置automatic feeder for brine,盐水溶液自动补给器automatic focus and stigmator,自动调焦和消象散装置automatic level,自动安平水准仪automatic levelling compensator,视轴安平补偿器automatic/manual station;A/M station,自动/手动操作器automatic programming,自动程度设计automatic radio wind wane and anemometer,无线电自动风向风速仪automatic railway weigh bridge,电子轨道衡automatic scanning,自动扫查automatic spring pipette,自动弹簧式吸液管automatic testing machine,自动试验机automatic titrator,自动滴定仪automatic tracking,自动跟踪automatic vertical index,竖直度盘指标补偿器automatic weather station,自动气象站automation,自动化automaton,自动机auxiliary attachment,辅件auxiliary controller bus(ACB),辅助控制器总线auxiliary crate controller,辅助机箱控制器auxiliary devices,辅助装置auxiliary equipment(of potentiometer),(电位差计的）辅助设备auxiliary gas,辅助气体auxiliary output signal,辅助输出信号auxiliary storage,辅助存储器auxiliary terminal,辅助端auxiliary type gravimeter,助动型重力仪availability,可用性available time,可用时间average,平均值average availability,平均可用度average nominal characteristic,平均名义特性average sound level,平均声级average value of contarmination,污染的平均值average wind speed,平均风速axial clearance,轴向间隙axial current flow method,轴向通电法axial load,轴向载荷axial sensitivity,轴向灵敏度axial vibration,轴向振动axis of rotation,摆轴；旋转轴axix of strain gauge,应变计[片]轴线BB-scope,B型显示back flushing,反吹background,后台，背景，本底background current,基流background mass spectrum,本底质谱background noise,背景噪声background processing,后台处理background program,后台程度Backman thermometer,贝克曼温度计backscattered electron image,背散射电子象backward channel,反向信道baffle wall,隔板balance,天平balance for measuring amount of precipitation,水量秤balance output,对称输出balance quality of rotor,转子平衡精度balance wieght,平衡块balanced plug,平衡型阀芯balancing,平衡balancing machine sensitivity,平衡机灵敏度balancing machine,平衡机balancing speed,平衡转速ball pneumatic dead wieght tester,浮球压力计ball screw assembly,滚珠丝杠副ball valve,球阀ballistic galvanometer,冲击栓流计band,频带bandwidth,带宽band width of video amplifier,视频放大器频宽bar primary bushing type current transformer,棒形电流互感器barograph,气压计barometer cistern,气压表水银槽barometer,气压表barometric correction,气压表器差修正barometrograph,空盒气压计barothermograph,气压温度计barrel distortion,桶形畸变；负畸变base,基底base line,基线base peak,基峰base unit(of measurement),基本（测量）单位baseband LAM,基带局域网baseline drift,基线漂移baseline noise,基线噪声baseline potential,空白电位baseline value,空白值basic NMR frequency,基本核磁共振频率basic standard,基础标准batch control,批量控制batch control station,批量控制站batch inlet,分批进样batch of strain gauge,应变计[片]批batch processing,成批处理batch processing simulation,批处理仿真Baud,波特beam,横梁；声速beam deflector,电子束偏转器beam path distance,声程beam ratio,声束比beam spot diameter,束斑直径beam-deflection ultrasonic flowmeter,声速偏转式超声流量计beam-loading thermobalance,水平式热天平bearing,轴承；刀承bearing axis,轴承中心线bdaring support,支承架beat frequency oscillator,拍频振荡器beat method(of measurement),差拍（测量）法Beaufort scale,蒲福风级Beckman differential thermometer,贝克曼温度计bed,机座Beer' law,比尔定律bell manometer,钟罩压力计bell prover,钟罩校准器bellows,波纹管bellows(pressure)gauge,波纹管压力表bellows seal bonnet,波纹管密封型上阀盖bench mark,水准点bending strength,弯曲强度bending vibration,弯曲振动bent stem earth thermometer,曲管地温表Besson nephoscope,贝森测云器betatron,电子回旋加速器；电子感应加速器bezel ring,盖环bias voltage,偏压bi-directional vane,双向风向标；双风信标bilateral current stabilizer,双向稳流器bimetallic element,双金属元件bimetallic instrument,双金属式仪表bimetallic temperature transducer[sensor],双金属温度传感器bimetallic thermometer,双金属温度计binary coded decimal(BCD),二-十进制编码binary control,二进制控制binary digital,二进制数字binary elastic scattering event,双弹性散射过程binary elastic scattering peak,双弹性散射峰binary element,二进制元binary signal,二进制信号biomedical analyzer,生物医学分析仪biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)microbial transducer[sensor],微生物BOD传感器 biochemical oxygen demand meter for seawater,海水生化需氧量测定仪biochemical quantity transducer[sensor],生化量传感器biological quantity transducer[sensor],生物量传感器biosensor,生物传感器bird receiving system,吊舱接收系统bit,比特；位bit error rate,误码率bit serial,位串行bit-serial higgway,位串行信息公路bivane,双向风向标；双风信标black box,未知框black light filter,透过紫外线的滤光片black light lamp,紫外线照射装置blackbody,黑体blackbody chamber,黑体腔blackbody furnace,黑体炉bland test,空白试验balzed grating,闪耀光栅block,块体；字块；字组；均温块block check,块检验block diagram,方块（框）图block length,字块长度block transfer,块传递blood calcium ion transducer[sensor],血钙传感器blood carbon dioxide transducer[sensor],血液二氧化碳传感器blood chloried ion transducer[sensor],血氯传感器blood electrolyte transducer[sensor],血液电解质传感器blood flow transducer[sensor],血流传感器blood gas transducer[sensor],血气传感器blood-group immune transducer[sensor],免疫血型传感器blood oxygen transducer[sensor],血氧传感器blood PH transducer[sensor],血液PH传感器blood potassium ion transducer[sensor],血钾传感器blood-pressure transducer[sensor],血压传感器blood sodium ion transducer[sensor],血钠传感器blood-volume transducer[sensor],血容量传感器blower device,鼓风装置bluff body,阻流体Bode diagram,博德图body temperature transducer,体温传感器bolometer,辐射热计；热副射仪bomb head tray,弹头托盘honded strain gauge,粘贴式应变计bonnet,上阀盖boomerang grab,自返式取样器boomerang gravity corer,自返式深海取样管booster,增强器bore(of liquid-in-glass thermometer),（玻璃温度计的）内孔borehole acoustic television logger,超声电视测井仪borehole compensated sonic logger,补偿声波测井仪borehole gravimeter,井中重力仪borehloe gravimetry,井中重力测量borehole thermometer,井温仪bottorm echo,底面反射波bottom flange,下阀盖bottom-loading thermobalance,下皿式热天平bottom surface,底面Bouguer's law,伯格定律Bourdon pressure sensor,弹簧管压力检测元件Bourdon tube,弹簧管；波登管Bourdon tube(pressure)gauge,弹簧管压力表box gauge,箱式验潮仪BP-scope,BP 型显示Bragg's equation,布拉格方程braking time,制动时间braking torque(of an integrating instrument),（积分式仪表的）制动力矩branch,分支branch cable,支线电缆breakdown voltage rating,绝缘强度breakpoint,断点breather,换气装置bremsstrahlung,韧致辐射bridge,桥接器bridge's balance range,电桥平衡范围bright field electron image,明场电子象bridge for measuring temperature,测温电桥bridge resistance,桥路电阻brightness,亮度Brinell hardness number,布氏硬度值Brinell hardnell penetrator,布氏硬度压头Brienll hardenss tester,布氏硬度计broadband LAN,定带局域网broad-band random vibration,宽带随机振动broad band spectrum,宽波段broadcast,广播BT-calibrationg installation,深温计[BT]检定装置bubble,水准泡bubble-tube,吹气管bucket thermometer,表层温度表buffer,缓冲器buffer solution,缓冲溶液buffer storage,缓冲存储器built-in galvanometer,内装式检流计built-in-weigthts,挂码bulb,温包；感温泡bulb(of filled system themometer),（压力式温度计的）温包bulb(of liquid-in-glass thermometer),（玻璃温度计的）感温泡bulb length(of liquid-in-glass thermometer),（玻璃温度计的）感温泡长度bulk type semiconductor strain gauge,体型半导体应变计bulk zinc oxide varistor,体型氧化锌电压敏电阻器bump,连续冲击bump test,连续冲击试验；颠簸试验bump testing machine,连续冲击台buoy,浮标buoy array,浮标阵buoy float,浮标体buoy motion package,浮标运动监测装置buoy station,浮标站buoyancy correction,浮力修正buoyancy level measuring device,浮力液位测量装置burden(of a instrument transformer),（仪用互感器的）负载burning method,燃烧法burst acoustic emission signal,突发传输bus,总线bus line，总线bus master,总线主设备bus mother board,总线母板bus network,总线网bus slave,总线从设备bus topology,总线拓扑bus type current transformer,母线式电流互感器bushing type current transformer,套管式流互感器busy,忙busy state,忙碌状态butterfly valve,蝶阀 by-pass,旁路by-pass injector,旁通进样器by-pass manifold,旁路接头by-pass valve,旁通阀Byram anemometer,拜拉姆风速表byte,字节byte frame,字节帧byte serial,字节串行byte-serial highway,字节串行住信处公路CC-scope,C型显示cabinet ,柜cable noise,电缆噪声cable-tension transducer,电缆张力传感器cable type current transformer,电缆式电流互感器cage,套筒；潜水罐笼cage guiding,套筒导向cake adhesive retention meter,泥饼粘滞性测定仪calculated maximum flow coefficient,最大计算流量系数calcuated nornal folw coefficient,正常计算流量系数calibrate,定标calibrated measuringpvolumetric]tank,校准测量[容积计量]容器calibrating period,校准周期calibrating voltage,校准电压calibration,校准calibration (of thermometer),（温度计的）标定calibration block,标准试块calibration characteristics,校准特性；分度特性calibration coefficient of wave height,波高校正系数calibration component,校准组分calibration curve,校准曲线；分度曲线calibration cycle,校准循环calibration equation,校准公式，分度公式calibration equipment of reversing thermometers,颠倒温度表检定设备calibration factor of the primary device,一次装置的校准系数calibration gas mixture,校准混合气calibration hierarchy,校准层次calibration point,校准点；分度点calibration quantity,校准量calibration record,校准记录calibration rotor,标定转子calibration solution,校准液calibration table,校准表（格）calibration traceability,校准溯源性calibrator,校验器calibrator above ice-point,零上检定器calibrator below ice-point,零下检定器calibrator for ice-point,零点检定器caliper profiler,横幅厚度计calling,呼叫calomel electrode,甘汞电极calorifier,加热器calorimeter,热量计cam bezel ring,卡口式盖环CAMAC branch driver,CAMAC 分支驱动器CAMAC branch-highway,CAMAC 分支信息公路CAMAC compatible crate,CAMAC兼容机箱CAMAC crate,CAMAC 机箱CAMAC crate assembly,CAMAC 机箱装置CAMAC highway,CAMAC 信息公路CAMAC module,CAMAC 模块CAMAC operation,CAMAC 操作CAMAC parallel highway,CAMAC 并行信息公路CAMAC serial driver,CAMAC 串行驱动器CAMAC serial highway,CAMAC 串行信息公路CAMAC system,CAMAC 系统camera length,相机长度camflex valve,偏心旋转阀Campbell-stokes sunshine recorder,聚集日照计；歇贝斯托克日照计canonical state variable,规范化状态变量capacitance balance,电容平衡capacitance hygrometer,电视湿度计capacitance pressure transducer,电容式压力传感器capacity correction,容量修正capacity factor,容量因子capillary column,毛细管柱capillary gas chromatograph,毛细管气相色谱仪capillary gas chromatography,毛细管气相色谱法capillary phenomenon,毛细现象capillary tube (of liquid-in-glass thermometer),(玻璃温度计的）毛细管capillary viscometer,毛细管粘度计capsule,膜盒capsule(pressure)gauge,膜盒压力表captive chains calibration,链码校准carat balance,克拉天平carbon and hydrogen analysis meter,碳氢元素分析仪carbon humidity-dependent resistor,碳湿敏电阻器card punch,卡片穿孔机card reader,卜片阅读机Carlson type strain gauge,卡尔逊应变计carrier,载波carrier gas,载气carrier ring,夹持环carrier sense,载波侦听carrier sense multiple access with collision detection(CSMA/CD), 具有冲突检测的载波侦听多路访问carrier sync,载波同步cartridge disk,盒式磁盘cartridge disk drive,盒式磁盘机cascade control,串级控制cascade system,串级系统cascade[inductive]voltage transformer,级联式[感应式]电压互感器case,外壳casing,外壳cassette,盒式磁带；卡式磁带；暗盒catadioptric telescope,折反射望远镜catalysis element,催化元件catalytic analyzer,催化分析器catalytic chromatography,催化色谱法catalytic gas transducer[sensor],催化式气体传感器cathode,阴极cathode of electron gun,电子枪阴极cathode ray null indicator,阴极射线指零仪cavitation,空化cavitation corrosion,气蚀cavitation noise,空化噪声ceilometer,云幂仪cell,电池；传感器cell constant,电池常数cell potential transducer[sensor],细胞电位传感器Celsius,摄氏度Celsius temperature,摄氏温度Celsius temperature scale,摄氏温标center of strike,打击中心central conductor method,中心导体法；电流贯通法central principal inertia axis,中心主惯性轴central processing unit(CPU),中央处理单元central processor,中央处理器centrality,集中性centralized control,集中控制centralized intelligence,集中智能centralized management system,集中管理系统centralized network,集中式网络centralized process control computer,集中型过程控制计算机centrifugal balancing machine,离心力式平衡机centrifugal tachometer,离心式转速表ceramic microphone,陶瓷传声器ceraunograph,雷电计ceraunometer,雷电仪certificate of conformity,合格证书certificate of control,控制证书certification,认证certification of conformity of an instrument for explosive atmosphere,防爆合格证certification system,认证体系certified standard material,有证标准物质chained list,链接表change of temperature test,温度变化试验channel,信道；通道character,字符character code,字符码character recognition,字符识别character set,字符集；字符组character-at-time printer,一次一字符打印机[印刷机]；串行打印机characteristic curve,特性曲线characteristic "fast",“快”特性characteristic "impulse",“脉冲”响应特性characteristic"slow",“慢”特性characteristic locus,特征轨迹characteristic impedance,特性阻抗characteristic X-ray,特征X射线charge amplifier,电荷放大器charge neutralization,电荷中和charge sensitivity,电荷灵敏度chart,记录纸chart driving mechanism,传纸机构chart lines,记录纸分度线chart scale length,记录纸标度尺长度closed loop transfer function,闭环传递函数closed loop zero,闭环零点closed position,关闭位置closed system,封闭系统closing valve time,关阀时间closure member,截流件cloud amount,云量cloud balancer,测支平衡器cloud base,云底cloud chamber,云室；云零室cloud detection radar,测云雷达cloud direction,云向cloud height indicator,云高指示器cloud height meter,云幂仪cloud searchlight,云幂灯cloud speed,云速cloud top,云顶cloud-base recorder,云底记录仪cloud-drop sampler,云滴取校器cloudiness radiometer,云辐射仪cloverleaf buoy,三叶浮标Coanda effect,附壁效应coarse vacuum,粗真空；前级真空coastal zone color scanner(CZCS),海岸带水色扫描仪coaxiality,同轴度 code,代码；代号；规程；规范code converter;D/D converter,代码转换器；D/D转换器coded circle,编码度盘code-transparent data communication,代码透明的数据通信coefficient of chromatic aberration,色差系数coefficient of interference,干扰系数 coefficient of radial distortion,径向畸变系数coefficient of rotational distortion,旋转畸变系数coefficient of spherical aberration,球差系数coefficient of variation,变异系数coercivity meter,矫顽力计coil galvanometer,线圈式振动子coil method,线圈材料coil method,线圈法coincidence discrimination,符合鉴别coincidence level,度盘合像装置cold test,寒冷试验cold-cathode source,冷阴极离子源collate,整理collector,集电器collector slit,接收器狭缝collimation axis,视轴collimation line,视准线collision,冲突，碰撞collisional activation,碰撞激活collisional activation mass spectrometer,碰撞激活质谱计colorimeter,比色计；色度计colour filter,颜色滤光片colour meter,水色计column,镜筒column capacity,柱效能column life,柱寿命column-parity field,列奇偶校验字段column switching,柱切换coma,彗差combination digital logger,数字式综合测井仪combination electrode,复合电极combination logging instrument,组合测井仪combination water meter,复式水表combined column,复合柱combined load testing machine,得合试验机combined pressure and vacuum gauge,压力真空表combined test,综合试验combined test cabinet,综合试验箱command,命令command accepted,命令接受command message,命令报文command operation,命令操作command-reply transaction,命令—回答事务commissioning test,运行试验common control signals,公共控制信号common magnet galvanometer,共磁式振动子common mode rejection,共模抑制common mode rejection ratio(CMRR),共模抑制比common mode signal,共模信号common mode voltage,共模电压communication subnet,通信子网communication system,通信系统communications terminal,通信终端commutation error,换码误差commutation point,转码点comparative read-out,比较读出comparator,比较器comparator coil,比较线圈compare,比较comparing element,比较元件comparison calibration,比较法校准comparison method of calibrating thermocouple,热电偶比较检定法comparison method of calibration,比较法标定comparison(method of )measurement,比较测量法comparison standard,比较标准器comparison value,比较值compass,罗盘（仪）compass theodolite,罗盘经纬仪compatibility,兼容性；相容性compensated micromanometer,补偿微压计compensated pyrgeliometer,补偿直接日射强度表compensated scale barometer,定槽水银气压表compensating element,补偿元件compensating error of automatic vertical index,竖直度盘指标补偿误差compensating extension lead,补偿型延长导线compensating gauge,补偿计（片）compensating setting error of leveling compensator,视轴安平补偿误差compensation,补偿compensation density logger,补偿密度测井仪compensation neutron logger,补偿温度范围compensation type airborne electromagnetic instrument,补偿式航电仪compensator,补偿器compensator level,自动安平水准仪compiler,编译程序compiler generator,编译程序的生成程序complementary gas,附加气complementary(method of)measurement,互补测量（法）complete controllability,完全可控性；完全能控性cpmplete failure,完全失效complete immersion thermometer,（完）全浸（没）温度计complete observability,完全可观测性；完全能观测性complete set up for chemical oxygen demand determinations in seawater, 海水化学耗氧量测定系统complex radiation,复电阻率仪complex system,复杂系统complexation chromatography,络合色谱法component proton magnetometer,分量质子磁力仪component superconducting magnetometer,超导分量磁力仪composite control,组合控制composite error,合成误差composite test,组合试验composite-temperature-compensation strain gauge,组合温度补偿应变计composition deviation transmitter,成分（偏差）变送器compound control,复全控制compound control system,复合控制系统compound oxide series gas sensor,复合氧化物系气敏元件compound system,复合系统compound-wound current transformer,混合绕组电流互感器compressibility factor,压缩系数compression force,压缩力compression plate,压板compression testing machine,压力试验机compressive strength,压缩强度compressive stress,压应力computer aided analysis,计算机辅助分析computer aided control engineering,计算机辅助控制工程computer aided debugging,计算机辅助故障诊断computer aided design,计算机辅助设计computer aided design of control system,控制系统计算机辅助设计computer aided engineering,计算机辅助工程computer aided manufacturing,计算机辅助制造computer adied planning,计算机辅助规划computer aided production planning,计算机辅助生产计划。
测量工具中英文对照表
heodolite 经纬仪Water Level 水位仪Level Ruler 水平尺Casing gradienterCoating thickness Measurer 涂层测厚仪Ultrasonic thickness measurer 超声波测厚仪Ultrasonic crack detector 超声波裂纹测试仪Digital thermometer 数字温度计radiation thermometer 辐射温度计Gradient Reader 坡度读数器Electric spark leak hunter 电火花追踪器Volometer 万用表MegaOhmmeter 兆欧表Earthing resistance Reader 接地电阻读数表Plug gauge 圆柱塞规Magnifying glass 放大镜Plummet 铅锤Profile projector 投影仪Pin Gauge 针规(不知道和plug gauge 的区别在哪里,知道的请指正) Gauge block 块规dial indicator百分表A vernier caliper 游标卡尺Coordinate Measureing Machine(CMM) 三尺元Pressure gague寸压力计电度厚度测试仪(Electroplating THK.Tester)转(扭)力仪(Twisting Meter)螺纹规(Thread Gauge)块规(Block Gauge)环规(Ring Gauge)力矩计(Torque Meter)塞规(Plug gage)高度仪(Altitude gauge)塞尺/间隙规(Clearance gauge)千分卡尺(Micrometer Calipers )“过” -- “不过”验规(通-止规) [go-no-go gauge] 游标卡尺(Vernier Caliper)电子卡尺(Digital caliper)深度千分尺(Depth Micrometer)销(针)规(Pin Gauge)投影仪(Projector )数字高度测量仪(Digital Height Gauge)表面处理测试仪(Surface Finish Tester)内/外径千分尺(Inside/outer Micrometer)洛(威)氏硬度仪[(HRC/HV) Hardness Tester)]温度计(Thermometer)孔规(Bore Gauge)电子称(Electric/digital Balance)三坐标测试仪 (CMM)万用表(Multimeter)温度计：thermometer台秤：Platform scale水平仪： spirit level1.刀口型直尺:knife straigjht edge2.刀口尺: knife straight edge3.三棱尺three edges straigjht edge4.四棱尺four edges straigjht edge5.条式和框式水平仪bar form and square levels6.合像水平仪 imaging level meter7铸铁平板 cast iron surface plate8.岩石平板 granite surface plate9.铸铁平尺cast iron straigjht edge10.钢平尺和岩石平尺steel and granite straigjht edge11.圆度仪 roundness measuring instrument12.电子水平仪electronic level meter13.表面粗糙度比较样块铸造表面 roughness comparison specimens cast surface14.表面粗糙度比较样块磨、车、铣、插及刨加工表面roughness comparison specimens-ground,turned,bored,milled,shape and planed 15.表面粗糙度比较样块电火花加工表面roughness comparison specimens spark-erostion machining surfaces16.表面粗糙度比较样块抛光加工表面roughness comparison specimens pollshed surfaces17.接触式仪器的标称特性18.轮廓profiles19.轨迹轮廓 traced profile20.基准轮廓 reference profile21.总轮廓 total profile22.原始轮廓 primary profile23.残余轮廓residual profile24.触针式仪器stylus instrument25.感应位移数字存储触针式量仪displacement sensitive,digitally storing stylus instrument26.触针式仪器的部件stylus instrument components27.测量环measurement loop28.导向基准renfence guide29.驱动器drive unit30.测头(传感器)probe(pick-up)31.拾取单元tracing element32.针尖stylus tip33.转换器transducer34.放大器amplifier35.模/数转换器analog-to-digital converter36.数据输入data input37.数据输出data output38.轮廓滤波和评定profile filtering and evaluation39.轮廓记录器profile recorder40.仪器的计量特性metrological characteristics of the instrument41.静测力的变化change of static measuring force42.静态测力 static measuring force43.动态测量力 dynamic measuring force44.滞后hysteresis45.测头的测量范围 transmission function for the sine waves46.仪器的测量范围measuring range of the instrument47.模数转换器的量化步距quantization step of the ADC48.仪器分辨力 instrument resolution49.量程分辨力比range-to-resolution ratio50.测头线性偏差probe linearity deviation51.短波传输界限short-wave transmission limitation52.轮廓垂直成分传输 vertical profile component transmission53表面粗糙度比较样块抛丸、喷砂加工表面roughness comparison specimens shot blasted and blasted surfaces54产品结构几何量计术规范（GPS）geometrical product specifications(GPS)55表面结构 surface texture56接触式仪器的标称特性 nominal characteristics of contact instruments57公法线千分尺micrometer for mearsuring root tangent lenghths of gear teeth58最大允许误差 maximum permissible error59圆柱直齿渐开线花键量规 gauges for straight cylindrical involute splines60齿厚游标卡尺 Gear tooth verniercalipers61齿轮渐开线样板the involute master of gear62齿轮螺旋线样板 the helix master of gear63矩形花键量规 gauges for straight –sided splines64测量蜗杆 master worm65万能测齿仪 universal gear measuring instrument66万能渐开线检查仪universal involute measuring instrument67齿轮齿距测量仪gear circular pictch measuring instrument68万能齿轮测量机 Universal gear measuring machine69齿轮螺旋线测量仪gear helix measuring instrument70便携式齿轮齿距测量仪 manual gear circular pitch measuring instrument71便携式齿轮基节测量仪manual gear base pitch measuring instrument72立式滚刀测量仪vertical hob measuring instrument73齿轮双面啮合综合测量仪Gear dual-flank measuring instrument74齿轮单面啮合整体误差测量仪Gear single-flank meshing integrated error measuring instrument75梯形螺纹量规 gauges for metric trapezoidal screw threads76工作螺纹量规work gauges for metric trapezoidal screw threads77校对螺纹量规check gauges for metric trapezoidal screw threads78.梯形螺纹量规型式与尺寸 Types and dimensions of metric trapezoidal screw threads79.普通螺纹量规型式与尺寸 Types and dimensions of gauges purpose screw threads80.非螺纹密封的管螺纹量规 Gauges for pipe threads prcessure-tight joints are not made on the threads81.螺纹千分尺Screw thread micrometer82.最大允许误差 maximum permissible error83.间隙螺纹量规 Clearance screw gauge84.量针Bar gauge85.螺纹样板 Screw thread template86.用螺纹密封的管螺纹量规Gauges for pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads87.刀具预调测量仪? 精度Accuracy of the presetting instrument88.薄膜式气动量仪Membrane type pneumatic measuring instrument89.光栅线位移测量系统Grating linear displacement measuring system90.光栅角位移测量系统Grating angular displacement measuring system91.磁栅线位移测量系统Magnet-grid linear displacement measuring system92.量块附件Accessories for gauge blocks93.V形架Vee blocks94.比较仪座Comparator stand95.磁性表座Magnetic stand96.万能表座Universal stand for dial indicator一般术语：1.几何量 geometrical product2.量值value(of a quantity)3.真值true value(of a quantity)4.约定真值 conventional true value(of a quantity)5.单位unit(of measurement)6.测量measurement7.测试measurement and test8.检验inspecte9.静态测量static measurement10.动态测量dynamic measurement11.测量原理principle of measurement12.测量方法method of measurement13.测量程序measurement procedure14.被测量measurand15.影响量influence quantity16.变换值transformed value(of a measurand)17.测量信号measurement signal18.直接测量法direct method of measurement19.间接测量法indirect method of measurement20.定义测量法definitive method of measurement21.直接比较测量法direct-comparison method of measurement22.替代测量法substitution method of measurement23.微差测量法differential method of measurement24.零位测量法nulll method of measurement25.测量结果result of a measurement26.测得值measured value27.实际值actual value28.未修正结果uncorrected result （of a measurement）29.已修正结果corrected result(of a measurement)30.测量的准确度accuracy of measurement31.测量的重复性repeatability of measurement32.测量复现性reproducibility of measurements33.实验标准偏差experimental standard deviation34.测量不确定度uncertainty of measurement35.测量绝对误差 absolute error of measurement36.相对误差 relative error37.随机误差random error38.系统误差 systematic error39.修正值correction40.修正系数correction factor41.人员误差personal error42.环境误差environmental error43.方法误差error of method44.调整误差adjustment error45.读数误差reading error46.视差parallax error47.估读误差 interpolation error48.粗大误差parasitic error49.检定verification50.校准calibration51.调准gauging52.调整adjustment几何量测量器具术语1.几何量具测量器具dimensional measuring instruments2.长度测量器具length measuring instruments3.角度测量器具angle measuring instruments4.坐标测量机coordinate measuring machine5.形状和位置误差测量器具form and position error measuring instruments6.表面质量测量器具surface quality measuring instruments7.齿轮测量器具gear measuring instruments8.实物量具（简称“量具”）material measure9.测量仪器（简称“量仪”）measuring instruments10.测量链measuring chain11.测量装置measuring system12.指示式测量仪器indicating(measuring )instrument13.记录式测量仪器recording（measuring）instrument14.累计式测量仪器totalizing(measuring)instrument15.积分式测量仪器integrating(measuring)instrument16.模拟式测量仪器analogue(measuring)instrument17.数字式测量仪器digital(measuring)instrument18.测量变换器measuring transducer19.传感器sensor20.指示装置indicating device21.记录装置recording device22.记录载体recording medium23.标尺标记scale mark24.指示器index25.标尺scale26.度盘dail测量器具术语1.标称值nominal value2.示值indication(of a measuring instrument)3.标尺范围scale range4.标称范围nominal range5.标尺长度scale length6.标尺分度scale division7.分度值value of a scale division8.标尺间距scale spacing9.线性标尺linear scale10.非线性标尺non-linear scale11.标尺标数scale numbering12.测量仪器的零位zero of a measuring instrument13.量程span14.测量范围measuring range15.额定工作条件vated operating conditions16.极限条件reference condition17.标准条件reference condition18.仪器常数instrument constant19.响应特性response characteristic20.灵敏度senstivity21.鉴别力discrimination22.分辨力resolution（of an indicating device）23.死区dead band24.准确度accuracy of a measuring instruments25.准确度等级accuracy class26.重复性repeatability of a measuring instrument27.示值变动性varation of indication28.稳定度stability29.可靠性reliability30.回程hysteresis31.漂移drift32.响应时间response time33.测量力（简称“测力”）measuring force测量器具术语1.实物量具示值误差error of indication of a material measure2.测量仪器示值误差error of indication of a measuring instrument3.重复性误差repeatability error of a measuring instrument4.回程误差hysteresis error5.测量力变化variation of measuring force6.测量力落差hysteresis of measuring force7.偏移误差bias error (of a measuring instrument)8.允许误差maximum permissible errors(of measuring instruments)9.跟踪误差tracking error (of a measuring instrument)10.响应率误差response-law error (of a measuring instrument)11.量化误差quantization error (of a measuring instrument)12.基值误差datum error (of a measuring instrument)13.零值误差zero error (of a measuring instrument)14.影响误差influence error15.引用误差fiducial error16.位置误差position error17.线性误差linear error18.响应特性曲线response characteristic curve19.误差曲线error curve20.校准曲线calibration curve21.修正曲线correction curve长度测量器具量具类1.量块gauge block2.光滑极限量规plain limit gauge3.塞规plug gauge4.环规ring gauge卡规snap gauge5.塞尺feeler gauge6.钢直尺steel gauge7.精密玻璃线纹尺precision glass linear scale8.精密金属线纹尺precision metal linear scale9.半径样板radius template卡尺类1.游标卡尺vernier caliper2.带表卡尺dial caliper3.电子数显卡尺calliper with electronic digital display4.深度标游卡尺depth vernier caliper5.电子数显深度卡尺depth caliper with electronic digital display6.带表高度卡尺dial height calliper7.高度游标卡尺height vernier caliper8.电子数显高度卡尺height caliper with electronic digital display9.焊接检验尺calliper for welding inspection千分尺类1.测微头micrometer head2.外径千分尺external micrometer3.杠杆千分尺micrometer with dial comparator4.带计数器千分尺micrometer with counter5.电子数显外径千分尺micrometer with electronic digital display6.小测头千分尺small anvil micrometer7.尖头千分尺point micrometer8.板厚千分尺sheet metal micrometer9.壁厚千分尺tube micrometer10.叶片千分尺blade micrometer11.奇数沟千分尺odd fluted micrometer12.深度千分尺depth micrometer13.内径千分尺internal micrometer14.单杆式内径千分尺single-body internal micrometer15.表式内径千分尺 dail internal micrometer16.三爪式内径千分尺three point internal micrometer17.电子数显三爪式内径千分尺three point internal micrometer18.内测千分尺inside micrometer指示表类1.指示表 dial indicator2.深度指示表depth dial indicator3.杠杆指示表dial test indicator4.内径指示表bore dial indicator5.涨弹簧式指示表 expanding head bore dial indicator6.钢球式内径指示表ball type bore dial indicator7.电子数显指示表dial indicator with electronic digital display8.杠杆卡规indicating snap gauge9.带表卡规dial snap gauge10.带表外卡规outside dial snap gauge11.带表内卡规inside dial snap gauge12.测厚规thickness gauge13.扭簧比较仪microcator14.杠杆齿轮比较仪mechanical dial comparator15.电子量规electronic gauge16.电感式传感器inductance type transducer17.指示装置indicating device18.电感测微仪inductance micrometer19.峰值电感测微仪peak inductance micrometer20.电感内径比较仪inductance bore comparator21.瞄准传感器aiming transducer角度测量器具1.角度块angle block gauge2.正多面棱体regular polygon mirror3.刀具角度样板cutter angular template4.直角尺square5.平行直角尺parallel square6.宽座直角尺wide-stand square7.刀口形直角尺edge square8.矩形直角尺square square9.三角形直角尺three angle square10.圆柱直角尺cylinder square11.方形角尺square guage12.万能角度尺universal bevel protractor13.游标式万能角度尺vernier universal bevel protractor14.表式万能角度尺dial universal bevel protractor15.光学分度头optical dividing head16.目镜式光学分度头optical dividing head with microscope reading17.投影式光学分度尺optical dividing head with projection reading18.光电分度头optical-electronic dividing head19.多齿分度台multi-tooth division table20.分度转台division rotary table21.正炫规sine bar22.普通正炫规general sine bar23.铰链式正炫规hinge type sine bar24.双向正炫规dual-directional sine bar25.圆锥量规cone gauge26.圆锥塞规plug cone gauge27.圆锥环规ring cone gauge28.直角尺测量仪square measuring instrument形位误差测量器具1.平晶optical flat2.单面平晶optical flat3.双面平晶parallel optical flat4.刀口形直尺knife straight edge5.刀口尺knife straight edge6.三棱尺three edges straight edge7.四棱尺four edges straight edge8.平尺straight edge9.矩形平尺square straight edge10.工字形平尺i-beam straight edge11.角形平尺angle straight edge12.桥形平尺bridge type straight edge13.平板surface plate14.铸铁平板cast iron surface plate15.岩石平板granite surface plate16.方箱square box17.水准器式水平仪level meter18.条式水平仪bar level meter19.框式水平仪frame level meter20.合像水平仪imaging level meter21.光学倾斜仪optical inclinometer22.电子水平仪electronic level meter23.指针式电子水平仪electronic level meter with indicator24.数显式电子水平仪electronic level meter with digital display25.平直度测量仪straightness measuring instrument26.光学式平直度测量仪optical straightness measuring instrument27.光电式平直度测量仪photoelectrical straightness measuring instrument28.圆度测量仪roundness measuring instrument29.转轴式圆度测量仪spindle-rotating type roundness measuring instrument30.转台式圆度测量仪table-rotating type roundness measuring instrument表面质量测量器具表面粗糙度比较样块surface roughness comparison specimen铸造表面粗糙度比较样块surface roughness comparison specimen for cast surface磨、车、镗、铣、插及刨加工表面粗糙度比较样块surface roughness comparison specimen for ground,turned,bored,milled,shaped and planed surface电火花加工表面粗糙度比较样块surface roughness comparison specimen for spark-erosion machined surface抛（喷）丸、喷砂加工表面粗糙度比较样块surface roughness comparison specimen for shot blasted and grit blasted surface抛光加工表面粗糙度测量仪portable surface roughness comparison specimen for polished surface便携式表面粗糙度测量仪portable surface roughess measuring instrument驱动箱driving box台式表面粗糙度测量仪bench type surface roughness measuring instrumentNose bridge 鼻中 Tip 脚套Temple 脚丝 Plating 电镀Printing 印字 Lase 镭射Spectacle frames 眼镜架 Sunglasses 太阳眼镜Sports spectacles 运动眼镜 kid's eyewear 儿童眼镜Reading glasses 老花镜 Contact lens 隐形眼镜Glass optical lenses 玻璃镜片 Plastic optical lenses 塑胶镜片Sunglasses lenses, sun clips 太阳镜片、镜夹 Progressive lenses 渐进多焦点镜片Photochromic lenses 变色镜片 Othro k lenses 角膜矫形接确镜片Optical blanks 镜片毛胚 Accessories for contact lens 隐形眼镜附件Spectacle spare parts and accessories 眼镜零件及配件 Components of frames 镜架组件Spectacle cases & accessories 眼镜盒及附件 Eyecare products and solution for lenses and contace lenses 眼睛护理产品及隐形眼镜洁液Spectacle cases & accessories 眼镜盒及其它配件 Lens demisting cloths and solutions 镜片除雾喷剂及清洁布Spectacle assembling & adjusting tools 眼镜加工、装配、调较工具 Visual testequipment 验眼设备Edger 磨边机 Eyeglasses and frame making machinery 眼镜架制造机械Lens manufacturing and processing machinery 镜片造机械及加工机械 Contact lens processing machinery 隐形眼镜加工机械Lathe 车床 Coating machine 镀膜机Coating materials 镀膜原料 Electroplating equipment, welding machine 电镀机械、焊接机械Price labeling, stamp printing and screen printing mahcinery 标签机、移印机、丝网印刷 Ultrasonic cleaning equipment 超声波清洁仪器Ophthalmic products 眼科用品 Concentrates for ultrasonic cleaning 超声波清洁剂Lens grinding and polishing filtration systems 镜片研磨及抛光过滤系统 Optical processing equipmentand materials 光学加工设备及原料Measurement instrucments for optical elements and systems 光学用品及系统之测量仪器 Store and workshop fitting and furniture 眼镜店及工场设备及家具Moulds for ophthalmic lenses 镜片模具 Raw materials for frames 眼镜原料Raw materials for lenses 镜片原料 Lens abrasive and polishing materials 打磨镜片原料Electroplating, welding materials 电镀、焊接原材料Opto-laser equipment and instruments 激光科技设备和仪器机械英语单词冲床punching machine机械手robot油压机hydraulic machine车床 lathe刨床planer |'plein?|铣床miller磨床grinder（钻床）driller线切割linear cutting金属切削 metal cutting机床 machine tool金属工艺学 technology of metals刀具 cutter摩擦 friction联结 link传动 drive/transmission轴 shaft弹性 elasticity频率特性 frequency characteristic误差 error响应 response定位 allocation机床夹具 jig动力学 dynamic运动学 kinematic静力学 static分析力学 analyse mechanics拉伸 pulling压缩 hitting剪切 shear扭转 twist弯曲应力 bending stress强度 intensity三相交流电 three-phase AC磁路 magnetic circles 变压器 transformer异步电动机 asynchronous motor几何形状 geometrical精度 precision正弦形的 sinusoid交流电路 AC circuit机械加工余量 machining allowance变形力 deforming force变形 deformation应力 stress硬度 rigidity热处理 heat treatment退火 anneal正火 normalizing脱碳 decarburization渗碳 carburization电路 circuit半导体元件 semiconductor element反馈 feedback发生器 generator直流电源 DC electrical source门电路 gate circuit逻辑代数 logic algebra外圆磨削 external grinding内圆磨削 internal grinding平面磨削 plane grinding变速箱 gearbox离合器 clutch绞孔 fraising绞刀 reamer螺纹加工 thread processing螺钉 screw铣削 mill铣刀 milling cutter功率 power工件 workpiece齿轮加工 gear mechining齿轮 gear主运动 main movement主运动方向 direction of main movement进给方向 direction of feed进给运动 feed movement合成进给运动 resultant movement of feed合成切削运动 resultant movement of cutting合成切削运动方向 direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度 cutting depth前刀面 rake face刀尖 nose of tool前角 rake angle后角 clearance angle龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck加工中心 machining center车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith锻 forge压模 stamping焊 weld拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造 found流体动力学 fluid dynamics流体力学 fluid mechanics加工 machining液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性 stability介质 medium液压驱动泵 fluid clutch液压泵 hydraulic pump阀门 valve失效 invalidation强度 intensity载荷 load应力 stress安全系数 safty factor可靠性 reliability螺纹 thread螺旋 helix键 spline销 pin滚动轴承 rolling bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing弹簧 spring制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead联轴器 coupling链 chain皮带 strap精加工 finish machining粗加工 rough machining变速箱体 gearbox casing腐蚀 rust氧化 oxidation磨损 wear耐用度 durability随机信号 random signal离散信号 discrete signal超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor 集成电路 integrate circuit 挡板 orifice plate残余应力 residual stress套筒 sleeve扭力 torsion冷加工 cold machining电动机 electromotor汽缸 cylinder过盈配合 interference fit热加工 hotwork摄像头 CCD camera倒角 rounding chamfer优化设计 optimal design工业造型设计 industrial moulding design有限元 finite element滚齿 hobbing插齿 gear shaping伺服电机 actuating motor铣床 milling machine钻床 drill machine镗床 boring machine步进电机 stepper motor丝杠 screw rod导轨 lead rail组件 subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工 electric spark machining电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire - cutting 相图 phase diagram热处理 heat treatment固态相变 solid state phase changes有色金属 nonferrous metal陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams范成法 generation method毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap光学仪器类△Topslit illumination 裂隙灯 diopter 屈光度 sphere 球镜cylinder 柱镜 prism 棱镜 magnification 放大倍率diameter 直径 dimensions 尺寸 light spot 光斑fixation lamp 固视灯 led 发光二极管 filter 滤色片lensmeter 焦度计 metal rim 金属圈 PD meter 瞳距仪Pupil Distance 瞳距 Vertex Distance 顶点距 Chart 视标View tester 验光仪 Cutting device 切割刀 Pattern maker 制模机Cutting needle 划针 Layout blocker 中心仪 Hand edger 手动磨边机Lens groover 开槽机 Polisher 抛光机 Polishing stick 抛光膏Drilling machine 钻孔机 Bench drilling machine 台式钻孔机 Drill bit 钻头Lock opener 锁开 Milling cutting 铣刀 Fuse 保险丝Handle 手柄 Center locator 中心定位器 Drill chuck 钻夹头Dial 刻度盘 Frame heater（warmer）烘架机 Heating coil 发热丝Ultrasonic cleaner 清洗机 Combined table 验光组合台 Optometry box 验光盘Grinding wheel 砂轮 Trial lens set 验光镜片箱 Refractometer 验光仪Chart projector 投影仪 Keratometer 角膜曲率仪 Welding machine 焊接机Spray cleaning machine 喷淋清洗机材料配件类△TopMonel 锰料 Stainless Steel 不锈钢 pure Titanium 纯钛Titanium Alloy 钛合金 B-Ti B钛 Elongation 伸长率Tensile strenghth 抗拉强度 high nickel copper alloy 高镍合金 nickelfree alloy 无镍合金nicklfree stainless steel 无镍不锈钢 annealing temperture 退火温度 percent 含量density 密度 melting point 熔点 solidus 固相点liquidus 液相点 physical properties 物理性能 chemical composition 化学组成hinge 铰链 rim wire 框线 round wire 圆线cylinding grinding wheels 筒形砂轮 flaring cup wheels 碗形砂轮 diamod plain wheels 平形砂轮grinding ccoolant 切削液 lens coating liquid 护镜液 polishing powder 抛光粉polishing liquid 抛光液 polishing wheel 抛光轮 plating case 电镀盒plastic case 塑料盒 alumium oxide case 氧化铝盒 rocket screwdrivers 六角螺丝刀mini ring wrenches/nutdrivers 微型戒指扳手 radian apparatus 弧度表thickness apparatus 厚度表adhesive tape 粘片 calipers 量具 nut driver 套筒files set 锉刀 drill bits 钻咀 screwdrivers blades 螺丝刀头镜片类△Tophard resin lens 树脂镜片 round-top bifocal lens 圆顶双关镜片 flat-top bifocal lens 平顶双光镜片aspheric hard resin lens 非球面树脂镜片 Non-coated lens 基片（NC） hard coated lens 加硬镜片（HC）Hard & Multi-coated 加硬加膜片（HMC） Hard & Multi-coated,EMI Defending Coating 加硬加膜防辐射片（HMC+EMI） RX Lens-High Index 高散光片color shade 色差 deformation 变形 shrinkage 缩水light transmission 透光率 de-lamination 分裂脱层 abbe value 阿贝数raw material 原材料 catalysis 催化作用 polymerization 聚合作用tinted lens 染色镜片 photochromic lens 变色镜片 spherical 球面的autocollimator 自动准直机bench comparator 比长仪block gauge 块规bore check 精密小测定器calibration 校准caliper gauge 卡规check gauge 校对规clearance gauge 间隙规clinoretee 测斜仪comparator 比测仪cylinder square 圆筒直尺depth gauge 测深规dial indicator 针盘指示表dial snap gauge 卡规digital micrometer 数位式测微计feeler gauge 测隙规gauge plate 量规定位板height gauge 测高规inside calipers 内卡钳inside micrometer 内分测微计interferometer 干涉仪leveling block 平台limit gauge 限规micrometer 测微计mil 千分之一寸monometer 压力计morse taper gauge 莫氏锥度量规nonius 游标卡尺optical flat 光学平晶optical parallel 光学平行passimeter 内径仪position scale 位置刻度profile projector 轮廓光学投影仪protractor 分角器radius 半径ring gauge 环规sine bar 正弦量规snap gauge 卡模square master 直角尺stylus 触针telescopic gauge 伸缩性量规working gauge 工作量规水平尺和水平仪的区别：1.水平仪用于测量小角度，在生产过程中常用以检验和调整机器或机件的水平位置或垂直位置，进而可对机器或机件作真直度或真平度的检验工作。
美国Sonoscan超声波扫描仪
美国Sonoscan超声波扫描仪美国Sonoscan超声波扫描仪广州南创房工美国Sonoscan公司提供世界领先的超声波扫描显微镜（Acoustic Microscopes）。
美国Sonoscan的产品在30多个国家设立了国外办事处及售后服务中心，并在中国设立了广州南创传感器事业部，为美国Sonoscan提供最佳的服务与解决方案。
超声波扫描显微镜（Acoustic Microscopes）是一种非破坏性的检测组件的完整性，内部结构和材料的内部情况的仪器，作为无损检测分析中的一种，它可以实现在不破坏物料电气能和保持结构完整性的前提下对物料进行检测。
被广泛的应用在物料检测（IQC）、失效分析（FA）、质量控制(QC)、质量保证及可靠性(QA/REL)、研发(R&D)等领域。
美国Sonoscan超声波扫描仪其可以检测：1.材料内部的晶格结构，杂质颗粒;2.内部裂纹;3.分层缺陷;4.空洞、气泡、空隙等等Sonoscan的优势：美国Sonoscan超声波扫描仪数据精确性：Sonoscan公司的专有信号处理算法可提供极其精确和可靠的评估。
使用Sonoscan公司先进的声阻抗极性探测器（AIPD）?，甚至可以检测到仅200埃厚度的分层。
此外，根据扫描尺寸与像素密度（分辨率）情况，Sonoscan声像可高达256兆像素。
这种卓越的数据精确性正是Sonoscan公司在缺陷检测和诊断(破损分析)领域方面取得突出成就的一个重要原因。
精确的数据固然重要，然而利用该数据做出相应决策更加重要。
Sonoscan 公司拥有先进的工具和技术，能将精确数据迅速转变为可用性信息，同时还具备多种分析功能可以帮助识别各种缺陷，并确定缺陷的严重程度。
在AMI成像中，各种彩图显示了详细的分析信息。
Sonoscan公司的数字图像分析器（DIA）?采用先进计算方法处理数据，帮助客户建立自动化的接受/拒收标准。
美国Sonoscan超声波扫描仪技术领先地位：Sonoscan拥有20多位专业AMI应用工程师，他们可以为客户提供高效精确的服务。
无线传感器中测距名词解析
在无线传感器领域，测距是指通过使用特定的技术和方法来确定物体或目标之间的距离。
以下是几个常见的测距名词解析：
1. 超声波测距（Ultrasonic ranging）：利用超声波传感器发射声波信号，并通过测量声波的往返时间来计算物体与传感器之间的距离。
超声波测距通常用于室内环境或短距离测量。
2. 激光测距（Laser ranging）：采用激光束来测量目标物体与传感器之间的距离。
激光测距技术可以实现高精度的距离测量，并常用于工业自动化、建筑测量等领域。
3. 雷达测距（Radar ranging）：通过发射无线电波并接收其反射信号来测量物体与传感器之间的距离。
雷达测距技术广泛应用于航空、军事、交通等领域，可以实现较大范围的距离测量。
4. 光学测距（Optical ranging）：利用光学原理测量目标物体与传感器之间的距离。
例如，通过测量红外线或可见光的时间延迟来计算距离。
光学测距技术常用于测距仪、相机对焦等应用。
这些测距技术在无线传感器中都扮演着重要的角色，可根据具体应用需求选择适合的测距方法。
每种测距技术都有其特定的优缺点，需要根据实际情况进行选择和应用。
tof是什么意思
tof是什么意思TOF是Time of flight的简写，直译为飞行时间的意思。
飞行时间技术在广义上可理解为通过测量物体、粒子或波在固定介质中飞越一定距离所耗费时间（介质/距离/时间均为已知或可测量），从而进一步理解离子或媒介某些性质的技术。
TOF应用1 测距最早应用该原理的器件是超声测距仪。
ToF测距方法属于双向测距技术，它主要利用信号在两个异步收发机(Transceiver)（或被反射面）之间往返的飞行时间来测量节点间的距离。
传统的测距技术分为双向测距技术和单向测距技术。
在信号电平比较好调制或在非视距视线环境下，基于RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication，接收的信号强度指示)测距方法估算的结果比较理想;在视距视线环境下，基于ToF距离估算方法能够弥补基于RSSI距离估算方法的不足。
ToF测距方法有两个关键的约束：一是发送设备和接收设备必须始终同步;二是接收设备提供信号的传输时间的长短。
为了实现时钟同步，ToF测距方法采用了时钟偏移量来解决时钟同步问题。
Intersil最新的ToF信号处理IC——ISL29501方案就是典型的ToF方案，可用于所有光照条件，并且实现了小型化和电池应用的低功耗。
因为Intersil专利的信号处理器技术使用了基于相位的ToF来应对检测物体周围的环境光的影响。
2 微电子学飞行时间技术可用来估计电子迁移相关性质。
起初该原理被用于测量低电导率的薄膜，后来进一步拓展到了常见半导体等。
利用激光或电压脉冲激发出来的大量电荷，该技术也能用于金属-绝缘体-金属（MDM）结构 [2] 或有机场效应晶体管等领域。
3 医学在磁共振血管造影（Magnetic resonance angiography，MRA）领域，飞行时间法是一项主要的基础技术。
MRA可用于动脉瘤，血管狭窄等症状的判断，或用于某些解剖学领域。
4 质谱学在飞行时间质谱学领域，不同的离子可通过电场加速至同样的动能，而其速度由质荷比决定。
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Ultrasonic distance meterDocument Type and Number:United States Patent 5442592Abstract:An ultrasonic distance meter cancels out the effects of temperature and humidity variations by including a measuring unit and a reference unit. In each of the units, a repetitive series of pulses is generated, each having a repetition rate directly related to the respective distance between an electroacoustic transmitter and an electroacoustic receiver. The pulse trains are provided to respective counters, and the ratio of the counter outputs is utilized to determine the distance being measured.A.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to apparatus for the measurement of distance and, more particularly, to such apparatus which transmits ultrasonic waves between two points.Precision machine tools must be calibrated. In the past, this has been accomplished utilizing mechanical devices such as calipers, micrometers, and the like. However, the use of such devices does not readily lend itself to automation techniques. It is known that the distance between two points can be determined by measuring the propagation time of a wave travelling between those two points. One such type of wave is an ultrasonic, or acoustic, wave. When an ultrasonic wave travels between two points, the distance between the two points can be measured by multiplying the transit time of the wave by the wave velocity in the medium separating the twopoints. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide apparatus utilizing ultrasonic waves to accurately measure the distance between two points.When the medium between the two points whose spacing is being measured is air, the sound velocity is dependent upon the temperature and humidity of the air. It is therefore a further object of the,present invention to provide apparatus of the type described which is independent of temperature and humidity variations.B.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe foregoing and additional objects are attained in accordance with the principles of this invention by providing distance measuring apparatus which includes a reference unit and a measuring unit. The reference and measuring units are the same and each includes an electroacoustic transmitter and an electroacoustic receiver. The spacing between the transmitter and the receiver of the reference unit is a fixed reference distance, whereas the spacing between the transmitter and receiver of the measuring unit is the distance to be measured. In each of the units, the transmitter and receiver are coupled by a feedback loop which causes the transmitter to generate an acoustic pulse which is received by the receiver and converted into an electrical pulse which is then fed back to the transmitter, so that a repetitive series of pulses results. The repetition rate of the pulses is inversely related to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Ineach of the units, the pulses are provided to a counter. Since the reference distance is known, the ratio of the counter outputs is utilized to determine the desired distance to be measured. Since both counts are identically influenced by temperature and humidity variations, by taking the ratio of the counts, the resultant measurement becomes insensitive to such variations. C.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONA.principle of ultrasonic distance measurement1, the principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic generatorPiezoelectric ultrasonic generator is the use of piezoelectric crystal resonators to work. Ultrasonic generator, the internal structure as shown in Figure 1, it has two piezoelectric chip and a resonance plate. When it's two plus pulse signal, the frequency equal to the intrinsic piezoelectric oscillation frequency chip, the chip will happen piezoelectric resonance, and promote the development of plate vibration resonance, ultrasound is generated. Conversely, if the two are not inter-electrode voltage, when the board received ultrasonic resonance, it will be for vibration suppression of piezoelectric chip, the mechanical energy is converted to electrical signals, then it becomes the ultrasonic receiver.2, the principle of ultrasonic distance measurementUltrasonic transmitter in a direction to launch ultrasound, in the moment to launch the beginning of time at the same time, the spread of ultrasound in the air, obstacles on his way to return immediately, the ultrasonic reflectedwave received by the receiver immediately stop the clock. Ultrasound in the air as the propagation velocity of 340m / s, according to the timer records the time t, we can calculate the distance between the launch distance barrier (s), that is: s = 340t / 2B.Ultrasonic Ranging System for the Second Circuit DesignSystem is characterized by single-chip microcomputer to control the use of ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver since the launch from time to time, single-chip selection of 8751, economic-to-use, and the chip has 4K of ROM, to facilitate programming. Circuit schematic diagram shown in Figure 2. Draw only the front range of the circuit wiring diagram, left and right in front of Ranging Ranging circuits and the same circuit, it is omitted. 1,40 kHz ultrasonic pulse generated with the launchRanging system using the ultrasonic sensor of piezoelectric ceramic sensors UCM40, its operating voltage of the pulse signal is 40kHz, which by the single-chip implementation of the following procedures to generate. puzel: mov 14h, # 12h; ultrasonic firing continued 200mshere: cpl p1.0; output 40kHz square wavenop;nop;nop;djnz 14h, here;retRanging in front of single-chip termination circuit P1.0 input port, single chip implementation of the above procedure, the P1.0 port in a 40kHz pulse output signal, after amplification transistor T, the drive to launch the first ultrasonic UCM40T, issued 40kHz ultrasonic pulse, and the continued launch of 200ms. Ranging the right and the left side of the circuit, respectively, then input port P1.1 and P1.2, the working principle and circuit in front of the same location.2, reception and processing of ultrasonicUsed to receive the first launch of the first pair UCM40R, the ultrasonic pulse modulation signal into an alternating voltage, the op-amp amplification IC1A and after polarization IC1B to IC2. IC2 is locked loop with audio decoder chip LM567, internal voltage-controlled oscillator center frequency of f0 = 1/1.1R8C3, capacitor C4 determine their target bandwidth. R8-conditioning in the launch of the carrier frequency on the LM567 input signal is greater than 25mV, the output from the high jump 8 feet into a low-level, as interrupt request signals to the single-chip processing. Ranging in front of single-chip termination circuit output port INT0 interrupt the highest priority, right or left location of the output circuit with output gate IC3A access INT1 port single-chip, while single-chip P1.3 and P1. 4 received input IC3A, interrupted by the process to identify the source of inquiry to deal with, interrupt priority level for the first left right after. Part of the source code is as follows:receive1: push pswpush accclr ex1; related external interrupt 1jnb p1.1, right; P1.1 pin to 0, ranging from right to interrupt service routine circuitjnb p1.2, left; P1.2 pin to 0, to the left ranging circuit interrupt service routinereturn: SETB EX1; open external interrupt 1pop? accpop? pswretiright: ...?; right location entrance circuit interrupt service routine? Ajmp? Returnleft: ...; left Ranging entrance circuit interrupt service routine? Ajmp? Return3, the calculation of ultrasonic propagation timeWhen you start firing at the same time start the single-chip circuitry within the timer T0, the use of timer counting function records the time and the launch of ultrasonic reflected wave received time. When you receive the ultrasonic reflected wave, the receiver circuit outputs a negative jump in the end of INT0 or INT1 interrupt request generates a signal, single-chip microcomputer in response to external interrupt request, the implementationof the external interrupt service subroutine, read the time difference, calculating the distance . Some of its source code is as follows:RECEIVE0: PUSH PSWPUSH ACCCLR EX0; related external interrupt 0? MOV R7, TH0; read the time valueMOV R6, TL0?CLR CMOV A, R6SUBB A, # 0BBH; calculate the time differenceMOV 31H, A; storage resultsMOV A, R7SUBB A, # 3CHMOV 30H, A?SETB EX0; open external interrupt 0POP ACC?POP PSWRETID.Fourth, the ultrasonic ranging system software designSoftware is divided into two parts, the main program and interrupt service routine, shown in Figure 3 (a) (b) (c) below. Completion of the work of the main program is initialized, each sequence of ultrasonic transmitting andreceiving control.Interrupt service routines from time to time to complete three of the rotation direction of ultrasonic launch, the main external interrupt service subroutine to read the value of completion time, distance calculation, the results of the output and so on.E. CONCLUSIONSRequired measuring range of 30cm ~ 200cm objects inside the plane to do a number of measurements found that the maximum error is 0.5cm, and good reproducibility. Single-chip design can be seen on the ultrasonic ranging system has a hardware structure is simple, reliable, small features such as measurement error. Therefore, it can be used not only for mobile robot can be used in other detection systems.Thoughts: As for why the receiver do not have the transistor amplifier circuit, because the magnification well, CX20106 integrated amplifier, but also with automatic gain control level, magnification to 76dB, the center frequency is 38k to 40k, is exactly resonant ultrasonic sensors frequency.超声波测距仪摘要：提出了一种可以抵消温度的影响和湿度的变化的新型超声波测距仪，包括测量单元和参考资料。