高考模拟题(五)答案
2023年海南省高考数学全真模拟卷(五)+答案解析(附后)
2023年海南省高考数学全真模拟卷(五)1. 若复数为纯虚数,则实数a的值为( )A. 2B. 2或C.D.2. 已知集合,,若,则实数m的取值范围为( )A. B. C. D.3. 已知,则( )A. B. C. 2 D. 44. 已知直线与圆C:交于A,B两点,且线段AB关于圆心对称,则( )A. 1B. 2C. 4D. 55. 家庭农场是指以农户家庭成员为主要劳动力的新型农业经营主体,某家庭农场从2019年开始逐年加大投入,加大投入后每年比前一年增加相同额度的收益,已知2019年的收益为30万元,2021年的收益为50万元,照此规律,从2019年至2026年该家庭农场的总收益为( )A. 630万元B. 350万元C. 420万元D. 520万元6. 若函数,则的图象大致为( )A. B.C. D.7. 如图,点P是棱长为2的正方体表面上的一个动点,直线AP与平面ABCD所成的角为,则点P的轨迹长度为( )A.B.C.D.8. 设,,,则a,b,c的大小关系是( )A. B. C. D.9. 某网友随机选取了某自媒体平台10位自媒体人,得到其粉丝数据单位:万人:,,,,,,,,,若该平台自媒体人的粉丝数其中和分别为上述样本的平均数和标准差,根据上述数据,则下列说法正确的是( )附:若随机变量X服从正态分布,则,,A. 这10位自媒体人粉丝数据的平均数为B. 这10位自媒体人粉丝数据的标准差为C. 这10位自媒体人粉丝数据的第25百分位数为D. 用样本估计总体,该平台自媒体人的粉丝数不超过万的概率约为10. 已知抛物线C的方程为,F为焦点,O为坐标原点,S表示面积,直线l:与抛物线交于A,B两点,且A在第一象限,则下列说法正确的是( )A. B. C. D.11. 若函数的图象如图,且,,则下列说法正确的是( )A. 函数的周期为5B. 函数的对称轴为,C. 函数在内没有单调性D. 若将的图象向左平移个单位长度,得到的函数图像关于y轴对称,则的最小值为112. 如图所示,在边长为3的等边三角形ABC中,,且点P在以AD的中点O为圆心,OA为半径的半圆上,若,则( )A.B.C. 存在最大值D. 的最大值为13. 已知向量,,定义,,则______ .14. 已知6名同学国庆假期相约去珠海野狸岛游玩,途中6名同学排成一排照相留念,若甲、乙、丙3人互不相邻,则不同的排法共有______ 种.15. 在平面内,设一动点P到点,的距离差的绝对值等于,若动点P的轨迹是曲线C,则曲线C的离心率的最小值为______ .16. 已知母线AD的长为的圆锥,其侧面积为,P是该圆锥内切球球面上一动点,则的最大值为______ .17. 已知等差数列中,,,数列的前n项和为,满足求数列,的通项公式;记,求数列的前20项的和18. 在圆内接四边形ABCD中,已知,,,为锐角.求及AD的长;求四边形ABCD周长的最大值.19. 某商场对M、N两类商品实行线上销售以下称“A渠道”和线下销售以下称“B 渠道”两种销售模式类商品成本价为元/件总量中有将按照原价200元/件的价格走B渠道销售,有将按照原价折的价格走A渠道销售;N类商品成本价为160元/件,总量中有将按照原价300元/件的价格走B渠道销售,有将按照原价折的价格走A渠道销售,这两种商品剩余部分促销时按照原价6折的价格销售,并能全部售完.通过计算比较这两类商品中哪类商品单件收益的均值更高收益=售价-成本;某商场举行让利大甩卖活动,全场M,N两类商品走A渠道销售,假设每位线上购买M,N商品的顾客只选其中一类购买,每位顾客限购1件,且购买商品的顾客中购买M类商品的概率为已知该商场当天这两类商品共售出5件,设X为该商场当天所售N类商品的件数,Y为当天销售这两类商品带来的总收益,求Y的期望,以及当时,n可取的最大值.20. 如图所示的多面体由正四棱柱与正四棱锥组合而成,与交于点,,,证明:平面平面;求平面PAD与平面夹角的余弦值.21. 已知椭圆C:的离心率为,且过点求椭圆C的标准方程;设Q为椭圆C上一动点,且Q不与顶点重合,M为椭圆C的右顶点,N为椭圆C的上顶点,直线QM与y轴交于点E,直线QN与x轴交于点F,求的值.22. 已知函数,求的单调区间;若,证明:;对于任意正整数n,,求t的最小正整数值.答案和解析1.【答案】C【解析】解:复数为纯虚数,则,解得故选:根据纯虚数的定义,得到方程组,求解即可.本题考查纯虚数的定义,属于基础题.2.【答案】B【解析】解:集合,,若,则,,解得,则实数m的取值范围为故选:由,得,从而,由此能求出实数m的取值范围.本题考查集合的运算,考查交集定义、不等式性质等基础知识,考查运算求解能力,是基础题.3.【答案】A【解析】解:因为,所以故选:由已知利用同角三角函数基本关系式,二倍角的正弦公式化简所求即可求解.本题考查了同角三角函数基本关系式,二倍角的正弦公式在三角函数化简求值中的应用,考查了转化思想,属于基础题.4.【答案】D【解析】解:由圆C:,可得圆心,线段AB关于圆心对称,直线过圆心,,解得故选:由题意可得直线过圆心,即可求解.本题考查直线与圆的位置关系,属基础题.5.【答案】D【解析】解:根据题意,加大投入后每年比前一年增加了相同额度的收益,故每年增加的收益为万元从2019年至2026年每年的收益分别为30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100万元,总收益万元故选:根据题中条件先算出每年增加的收益,然后计算出从2019年至2026年每年的收益,最后算出总收益即可.本题考查函数模型的应用,属于中档题.6.【答案】B【解析】解:函数,定义域为R,,即为奇函数,图像关于原点对称,排除AC,当时,,,可得,排除故选:判断函数的奇偶性和对称性,利用函数符号,结合排除法进行判断即可.本题主要考查函数图象的识别和判断,利用函数的奇偶性和对称性,以及函数符号关系是解决本题的关键,是基础题.7.【答案】A【解析】解:若直线AP与平面ABCD所成的角为,则点P的轨迹为圆锥的侧面与正方体的表面的交轨,在平面内,点P的轨迹为对角线除掉A点,不影响;在平面内,点P的轨迹为对角线除掉A点,不影响;在平面内是以点为圆心2为半径的圆弧,如图,故点P的轨迹长度为故选:由题意易得点P的轨迹为圆锥的侧面与正方体的表面的交轨,进而求解即可.本题考查轨迹的长度的计算,属中档题.8.【答案】C【解析】解:因为,,,所以令,则,,,,令得,所以在上,单调递增,在上,单调递减,因为,所以,所以,故选:,,,令,则,,,求导分析单调性,即可得出答案.本题考查导数的综合应用,解题中需要理清思路,属于中档题.9.【答案】AD【解析】解:计算平均数为,选项A正确;计算方差为,所以标准差为,选项B错误;因为,所以这组数据的第25百分位数是第3个数据,为,选项C 错误;因为,且,所以,选项D 正确.故选:根据题意计算平均数和方差、标准差以及百分位数和正态分布,再判断即可.本题主要考查了平均数与方差、标准差和百分位数和正态分布的应用问题,是基础题.10.【答案】AC【解析】解:抛物线C 的方程为,为焦点,O 为坐标原点,S 表示面积,直线l :与抛物线交于A ,B 两点,可得,解得,,所以,所以A 正确;,所以B 不正确;C 正确;所以D 不正确.故选:联立直线与抛物线方程,求解A ,B 坐标,然后求解判断选项的正误即可.本题考查直线与抛物线的位置关系的应用,抛物线的简单性质的应用,是中档题.11.【答案】BD【解析】解:根据函数的图象,且,,可得,即,再根据五点法作图,可得,,可得函数的的周期为,故A 错误;令,,求得,,故函数的对称轴为,,故B正确;当,,函数单调递增,故C错误;若将的图象向左平移个单位长度,得到的函数的图像关于y轴对称,则的最小值为1,故D正确,故选:由特殊点B求出,由五点法作图求出的值,可得的解析式,再根据正弦函数的图象和性质,得出结论.本题主要考查由函数的部分图象求解析式,由特殊点求出,由五点法作图求出的值,正弦函数的图象和性质,属于中档题.12.【答案】ABC【解析】解:对于选项A,,且点P在以AD的中点O为圆心,OA为半径的半圆上,,,故A正确;对于选项B,,,故B正确;对于选项C,以点O为原点建立平面直角坐标系,如图所示:则,,,点P在以AD的中点O为圆心,OA为半径的半圆上,点P的轨迹方程为,且在x轴的下半部分,设,,则,,,,又,,当时,取得最大值9,故C正确;对于选项D,,,,,又,当时,取得最大值,故D错误.故选:对于AB,将,分别用表示,再结合数量积的运算律即可判断;对于CD,以点O为原点建立平面直角坐标系,设,,根据平面向量的坐标表示及坐标运算即可判断.本题主要考查了平面向量基本定理,考查了平面向量数量积的运算和性质,属于中档题.13.【答案】3【解析】解:,,,,,,,又,,,,故答案为:根据向量的模的定义,向量夹角公式,即可求解.本题考查向量的模的定义,向量夹角公式,属基础题.14.【答案】144【解析】解:先将除甲、乙、丙3人外的另外三个人排成一排,再将甲、乙、丙3人插入到已经排好的三个人形成的四个空中,共有种.故答案为:利用插空法可求出结果.本题考查不相邻的排列问题,属于基础题.15.【答案】2【解析】解:在平面内,设一动点P到点,的距离差的绝对值等于,可得曲线的离心率为:,当且仅当时,取等号,所以曲线C的离心率的最小值为故答案为:列出离心率的表达式,利用基本不等式求解最小值即可.本题考查双曲线的离心率的求法,基本不等式的应用,是基础题.16.【答案】【解析】解:设圆锥底面圆心为C,半径为r,该圆锥内切球球心为O,作出过母线AD的轴截面ABD,如图所示,,且圆锥侧面积为,,,圆锥底面直径,为正三角形,大圆O切AD于中点E,设EO交大圆于点F,又易知,球的半径,,,两式相减可得极化恒等式:,的最大值为故答案为:设圆锥底面圆心为C,半径为r,该圆锥内切球球心为O,作出过母线AD的轴截面ABD,根据题意易得,从而得为正三角形,且大圆O切AD于中点E,最后再利用向量极化恒等式,即可求解.本题考查圆锥的内切球问题,向量数量积的最值的求解,极化恒等式的应用,属中档题.17.【答案】解:由题意,设等差数列的公差为d,则,整理,得,解得,,,当时,,解得,当时,由,可得,两式相减,可得,整理,得,数列是以为首项,为公比的等比数列,,由可得,,则【解析】先设等差数列的公差为d,再根据题干已知条件列出关于首项与公差d的方程组,解出与d的值,即可计算出等差数列的通项公式,对于数列,先将代入题干表达式计算出的值,当时,由,可得,两式相减进一步推导即可发现数列是以为首项,为公比的等比数列,计算出数列的通项公式;先根据第题的结果计算出数列的通项公式,再运用分组求和法,等差数列和等比数列的求和公式即可计算出前20项的和本题主要考查等差数列和等比数列的基本运算,以及数列求和问题.考查了方程思想,分类讨论,转化与化归思想,分组求和法,等差数列和等比数列的求和公式的运用,以及逻辑推理能力和数学运算能力,属中档题.18.【答案】解:在中,,,,由余弦定理可得,即,整理可得:,可得或,当时,由余弦定理可得,可得为钝角,与题意相矛盾,当时,,所以,,符合条件,所以,;由四边形ABCD为圆内接四边形,,所以,在中,由余弦定理可得,当且仅当时取等号,所以,所以四边形的周长的最大值为,即四边形ABCD的周长的最大值为【解析】在中,由余弦定理可得AD的值,再由为锐角,确定AD的值,再由勾股定理可得的大小;由圆内接四边形可得B角的大小,再由余弦定理及均值不等式可得的最大值,进而求出四边形ABCD的周长的最大值.本题考查余弦定理及圆内接四边形的性质的应用,均值不等式的应用,属于中档题.19.【答案】解:设M类服装,N类服装的单件收益分别为元,元,则,,,故N类服装单件收益的期望更高;由题意可知,元,又,所以元,,,,因为,所以当时,n可取的最大值为【解析】结合期望公式由单件总盈利减去成本即可计算;由题知N类服装的销售件数符合二项分布,求出对应,,⋯⋯,的值,可确定n的最大值;先列出这5件衣服总收益关丁X的关系式,得,结合化简即可求解.本题考查了二项分布和离散型随机变量的期望计算,属于中档题.20.【答案】证明:多面体由正四棱柱与正四棱锥组合而成,与交于点,,,,,平面,,以为坐标原点,所在直线为x轴,所在直线为y轴,所在直线为z轴,建立空间直角坐标系,,,,,,,,,设平面PCB的法向量为,则,取,得,设平面的法向量,则,取,得,,平面平面;解:,,设平面PAD的法向量为,则,取,则,设平面的法向量为,则,取,得,设平面PAD与平面夹角为,则平面PAD与平面夹角的余弦值为:【解析】以为坐标原点,所在直线为x轴,所在直线为y轴,所在直线为z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,利用向量法能证明平面平面;求出平面PAD的法向量和平面的法向量,利用向量法能求出平面PAD与平面夹角的余弦值.本题考查了面面平行的证明和二面角的计算,属于中档题.21.【答案】解:由,,,,,又点在椭圆上,,,,椭圆C的标准方程为;,,则,,直线QM的方程为:,令,得,直线QN的方程:,令,得,则,,的值为【解析】由已知可得,,求解即可;写出直线QM、QN的方程,得E,F的坐标,进而可得本题考查椭圆的方程的求法,考查直线与椭圆的位置关系,考查运算求解能力,属中档题.22.【答案】解:因为,所以,若,则当时,,函数单调递增;若,则当时,,函数单调递增,当时,,函数单调递减,综上所述,当时,函数的单调递增区间为;当时,函数的单调递增区间为,单调递减区间为证明:由知,当时,函数的单调递增区间为,单调递减区间为所以,即,所以当时,,故当,,且,又,即,故由知,当时,,即,则有,当且仅当时等号成立,一方面:,即另一方面:当时,,当时,,,的最小正整数值为【解析】利用导数的正负与函数单调性的关系及对参数进行讨论即可求解;根据的结论及函数的单调性与最值的关系即可求解;将不等式恒成立问题转化为最值问题,根据的结论及不等式放缩,再利用对数不等式求解.本题主要考查了导数与单调性及极值关系的应用,还考查了由不等式恒成立求参数范围,属于中档题.。
2023年高考化学仿真押题模拟试卷及答案(五)
152023年高考化学仿真押题模拟试卷及答案(五)可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 S 32 Cl 35.5K 39 Ca 40 Mn 55 Fe 56 Cu 64 Zn 65 Ag 108选择题单项选择题:本题包括 10 小题, 每小题 2 分, 共计 20 分。
每小题只.有.一.个.选.项.符合 题意。
1.2017 年世界地球日我国的主题为“节约集约利用资源,倡导绿色简约生活”。
下列做法应提倡的是A .夏天设定空调温度尽可能的低B .推广使用一次性塑料袋和纸巾C .少开私家车多乘公共交通工具D .对商品进行豪华包装促进销售2.下列有关化学用语表示正确的是A .质量数为 31 的磷原子:31PB .氟原子的结构示意图:C .CaCl 2 的电子式:D .明矾的化学式:Al 2(SO 4)3 3.下列有关物质性质与用途具有对应关系的是A .Na 2O 2 吸收 CO 2 产生 O 2,可用作呼吸面具供氧剂B .ClO 2 具有还原性,可用于自来水的杀菌消毒C .SiO 2 硬度大,可用于制造光导纤维D .NH 3 易溶于水,可用作制冷剂4.下列制取 SO 2、验证其漂白性、收集并进行尾气处理的装置和原理能达到实验目的的是5.短周期主族元素 X 、Y 、Z 、W 原子序数依次增大,其中只有 Y 、Z 处于同一周期且相邻,Z 是地壳中含量最多的元素,W 是短周期中金属性最强的元素。
下列说法正确的是A.原子半径:r(X)<r(Y)<r(Z)<r(W)B.W 的最高价氧化物的水化物是一种弱碱C.Y 的单质的氧化性比Z的强2 通电 2 212 2 222 23 233 3 3242 3 32D .X 、Y 、Z 三种元素可以组成共价化合物和离子化合物 6.下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是A .钠与水反应:Na +2H 2O =Na ++2OH -+H ↑B .电解饱和食盐水获取烧碱和氯气:2Cl -+2H O ===== H ↑+Cl ↑+2OH-222C .向氢氧化钡溶液中加入稀硫酸:Ba 2++OH -+H ++SO 2-=BaSO ↓+H O44 2D .向碳酸氢铵溶液中加入足量石灰水:Ca 2++HCO -+OH -=CaCO ↓+H O3327.在给定条件下,下列选项所示的物质间转化均能实现的是Cl 2NaOH(aq)O 2H 2OA .Fe ---------→ FeCl 2 ---------→ Fe(OH)2B .S ---------→ SO 3 -------→ H 2SO 4点燃点燃高温 SiO 2O 2 H 2OC .CaCO 3 -------→ CaO ---------→ CaSiO 3D .NH 3 ------------→ NO -------→ HNO 3高温催化剂,△8.通过以下反应可获得新型能源二甲醚(CH 3OCH 3 )。
2020高考化学刷题仿真模拟试卷5含答案解析
仿真模拟(五)一、选择题(每题6分,共42分)7.(2019·福建漳州高三质检)下列有关化学用语或基本概念说法正确的是()A.HClO的结构式为:H—Cl—OB.CO2的比例模型C.质子数与中子数相等的氢原子符号:11HD.金刚石、石墨、C60互为同素异形体答案 D解析HClO的结构式为:H—O—Cl,故A错误;碳原子半径应该大于氧原子半径,故B错误;质子数与中子数相等的氢原子符号为21H,故C错误;金刚石、石墨、C60都是由碳元素组成的不同的单质,互称为同素异形体,故D正确。
8.(2019·石家庄高三质检)1,2-环氧丁烷()通常为无色液体,用于制造泡沫塑料、合成橡胶、非离子型表面活性剂等。
下列关于1,2-环氧丁烷的说法不正确的是()A.化学式为C4H8OB.氧原子与所有碳原子可能处于同一平面C.能发生氧化反应和取代反应D.二溴代物的结构有9种(不考虑立体异构)答案 B解析根据结构简式确定分子式为C4H8O,故A正确;该分子中所有C原子都采用sp3杂化,所有C原子形成的结构都是四面体结构,所以该分子中所有碳原子不可能位于同一个平面上,故B错误;该物质属于烃的含氧衍生物,能发生氧化反应,甲基和亚甲基能发生取代反应,所以该物质能发生氧化反应和取代反应,故C正确;该分子中有4种氢原子,其二氯代物中两个氯原子可能位于同一个碳原子上也可能位于不同碳原子上,如果两个氯原子位于同一个碳原子上有3种,如果位于不同碳原子上有6种,所以二氯代物的结构有9种,故D 正确。
9.(2019·湖南岳阳高三一模)硫酸亚铁是一种重要的化工原料,可以制备一系列物质(如图所示)。
下列说法错误的是()A.碱式硫酸铁水解能产生Fe(OH)3胶体,可用作净水剂B.该温度下,(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2在水中的溶解度比FeSO4的大C.可用KSCN溶液检验(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2是否被氧化D.为防止NH4HCO3分解,生产FeCO3需在较低温度下进行答案 B解析碱式硫酸铁电离产生Fe3+,Fe3+能发生水解生成Fe(OH)3胶体,Fe(OH)3胶体具有吸附性,可用作净水剂,故A正确;(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2在水中的溶解度比FeSO4的小,所以FeSO4才能与(NH4)2SO4反应生成(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2,B 错误;KSCN溶液遇Fe2+溶液无现象,(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2若被氧化则生成Fe3+,KSCN溶液遇Fe3+溶液变红,C正确;NH4HCO3不稳定,受热易分解,所以为防止NH4HCO3分解,生产FeCO3需在较低温度下进行,D正确。
2023高考全国甲卷文综地理模拟试题 (5)
总部位于中国广州的TCL公司于2004年收购法国汤姆逊公司彩电业务后,公司所属的波兰工厂就承担了TCL欧盟生产基地角色。
波兰工厂生产所需零配件的80%都来源于中国,零配件的运输主要采用海运。
2016年波兰工广采用“全球流动的即时生产”新模式(即零配件均来自国外,无配件积压),开始使用中欧班列来运输零配件。
据此完成下面小题。
1.TCL公司收购汤姆逊公司彩电业务主要是为了()A.降低生产成本B.提高生产技术C.扩大欧盟市场D.增加当地就业机会2.波兰工厂主要零配件80%都来源于中国,主要是因为中国()A.科技水平高B.生产成本低C.空间距离近D.市场规模大3.2016年波兰工厂采用新的生产模式和中欧班列运输方式的主要目的是()①降低仓储成本②延长供应周期③增强市场适应性④加强国际合作A.①②B.①③C.②③D.②④【1题详解】TCL公司收购汤姆逊公司彩电业务不一定能降低生产成本,如收购业务需要成本,A选项错误。
波兰在欧洲国家中,经济相对更不发达,且科技水平也不占优势,因此不是为了提高生产技术,B选项错误。
波兰地理位置优越,靠近欧洲市场,因此将工厂设在波兰,可以扩大欧盟市场,C选项正确。
企业的最终目的是获利,增加当地就业机会不是主要目的,D选项错误。
故选C。
【2题详解】当前彩电的生产已经较为成熟,因此零配件的生产技术在国际上已经较为成熟,科技水平影响小,A选项错误。
相对波兰,中国劳动力丰富且相对廉价,因此零配件的生产成本更低,B选项正确。
波兰与中国空间距离不近,C80%都来源于中国,与中国的生产规模大有关,与中国市场规模大小关系不大,D选项错误。
故选B。
【3题详解】根据材料可知,波兰工广采用“全球流动的即时生产”新模式,即零配件均来自国外,无配件积压,因此可以降低仓储成本,①正确。
也可根据市场需求的变化及时生产零部件,增强市场适应性,③正确。
及时生产提高了生产速度,可以缩短供应周期,②错误。
企业新的生产模式和运输方式选择属于正常的经济活动,与加强国际合作关系不大,④错误。
2023年湖南省湘潭一中高考化学模拟试卷(五)+答案解析(附后)
2023年湖南省湘潭一中高考化学模拟试卷(五)1. 下列关于物质的性质、用途等描述中不正确的是( )A. 具有还原性,并且可以杀菌、消毒,在葡萄酒中添加适量的能杀灭微生物并防止葡萄酒的氧化变质B. 乙烯是一种重要的化工原料,可用于制取聚乙烯等化工产品,工业上可通过石油的裂化获得乙烯C. 分解是吸热反应且分解后生成和水蒸气是其作阻燃剂的主要原因D. 透明度高,折射率合适,光能够发生全反射,故是制作光导纤维的主要原料2. 设为阿伏伽德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是( )A.一定条件下,与足量碘蒸气充分反应,转移电子数目为B. 1molCu和足量稀硝酸反应产生个NO分子C. 时,的氨水中由水电离出的氢离子数目为D. 标准状况下,氦气所含的质子数为3. 对于下列实验,能正确描述其反应的离子方程式是( )A. 将闪锌矿浸没在足量的蓝矾溶液:B. 向小苏打溶液中滴加少量苛性钠溶液:C. 用醋酸溶液处理水垢中的碳酸钙:D. 向明矾溶液中加入过量的氨水:4. 氮的氧化物是大气污染物之一,如图为科研人员探究消除氮氧化物的反应机理,下列说法错误的是( )A. 整个过程中作催化剂B. 过程Ⅰ中发生的化学反应为C. 过程中涉及的反应均为氧化还原反应D. 过程Ⅱ中氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为1:25. 由W 、X 、Y 、Z 、M 、N 六种短周期元素组成的某种离子化合物是一种很好的二次电池的电解质。
六种元素的原子序数依次增大,只有W 是金属元素,由非金属元素构成的阴离子如图所示,其中X 元素形成的化合物种类繁多。
下列说法正确的是( )A. 元素N 的含氧酸均是强酸B. 非金属性强弱顺序是C. M 元素的氢化物的水溶液可保存在玻璃瓶中D. 该阴离子中Y 不满足8电子稳定结构6. 水合联氨是具有腐蚀性和强还原性的碱性液体,它是一种重要的化工试剂,其制备的反应原理为:。
下列装置和操作能达到实验目的的是( )ABCDX 是该装置作为反应过程的安全瓶制备水合联氨时从a 口通入用该装吸收反应中过量的A. AB. BC.CD. D7. 贝里斯一希尔曼反应条件温和,其过程具有原子经济性,示例如图。
2023年高考历史真题模拟试题专项汇编:(5)近代中国经济史(含答案)
(5)近代中国经济史1.(2023·全国·高考真题)如表是中国民族资本构成比重表(%),如表可以反映出()A.民族工业呈现发展趋势B.商业贸易日益萎缩C.近代金融体系臻于完善D.经济结构逐渐失衡2.(2023·全国·高考真题)有学者认为,绅商是一个新兴的社会阶层,主要活跃于19世纪末20世纪初,他们已开始接触和使用新的资本主义营运方式,生活方式和思想意识开始带有近代趋向,但在很多方面依然非常守旧和传统。
这可用于说明当时中国()A.绅商是社会转型的主要阻力B.“尊士贱商”的积习遭弃C.传统社会阶级结构已被颠覆D.民族资产阶级的两面性3.(2023·湖南·模拟预测)中华民国建立后,在张簪等人的主持下,北洋政府开始系统地制定、颁布经济法规,到1921年为止,北洋政府累计颁布经济法规40余项,同时解除了对民间兴办工商企业的限制,对新办企业予以优惠政策。
这些举措()A.有利于封建专制统治的结束B.导致民族经济得到独立发展C.改善了民族经济的生存环境D.推动了实业救国思潮的兴起4.(2023·安徽阜阳·模拟预测)近代绅商张謇重视在其家乡布局工业,逐渐形成了南通“一点”式的工业布局。
如图为张謇工业区位选择的主要影响因素示意图(1890—1920年)该示意图表明,张謇的选择()A.得到了历届政府的大力支持B.深受传统观念的影响C.意在拓展洋务企业发展空间D.最终实现了实业救国5.(2023·山东青岛·统考三模)如表为中国近代农业生产发展情况统计表。
这反映了()A.近代中国农业尚未转型B.小农经济已经逐步瓦解C.农业的商品化趋势增强D.中国日益卷入世界市场6.(2023·湖南株洲·模拟预测)下面为1867—1895年清政府经营的若干近代军事企业的收支统计表(单位:两):依据上表并结合所学知识可知,近代军工企业()A.运营资本较为依赖民间集资B.生产运营保持相对稳定C.收入与开支状况严重失衡D.经营始终坚持市场导向7.(2023·河南·统考模拟预测)20世纪初民族工业发展非常迅速,仅1905年一年内新增织布厂9家,稍后几年新办纱厂9家。
高考地理模拟试题及答案(五)
高考地理模拟试题在城市群中,通过借用邻近城市的人口,达到支持特定功能或经济绩效的临界人口规模,被称为城市的“借用规模”。
在城市群发展初期,大城市从周边小城市吸纳资源,可能抑制小城市发展,产生集聚阴影;在发展后期,扩散机制起主要作用,小城市常因大城市的带动作用而获得更强的增长动力。
图示意山东半岛和珠三角城市群城市“借用规模”(数值越大借用规模越显著)。
据此完成1-3题。
1.下列城市中“借用规模”最显著的是()。
A.菏泽B.烟台C.珠海D.东莞2.与珠三角城市群相比,山东半岛城市群()。
A.大城市辐射力强B.处于发展后期C.集聚阴影显著D.扩散机制显著3.为了更好地发挥“借用规模”,与大城市相比,中小城市应()。
①积极完善产业基础②保持产业结构趋同③差异化定位城市功能④控制城区人口规模A.①②B.①③C.②③D.②④巨菌草根系发达、生长迅速、耐旱、耐盐碱,是一种良好的饲料作物,相比于玉米等传统饲料作物,种植巨菌草对土壤、水分和养分的要求更低。
近年来,宁夏同心县在沙漠戈壁推广巨菌草种植,促进草畜产业一体化发展。
图为巨菌草和玉米植株对比图。
据此完成4-6题。
4.与传统饲料作物相比,同心县推广巨菌草种植是因为()。
A.单位面积产草多B.可提高耕地质量C.种植经验更丰富D.便于机械化耕作5.该地在沙漠戈壁推广巨菌草种植的主要环境效益是()。
A.增大蒸腾量,增强区域降水B.减少水耗,增加河川径流C.增加生物多样性,减弱竞争D.根系固沙,减弱风沙活动6.推广巨菌草种植,促进草畜产业一体化对当地农业发展的影响是()。
A.减少耕地面积B.保障草料供应稳定C.推高牧业成本D.扩大饲料用粮需求所罗门群岛海域地处太平洋西南部,盛产金枪鱼,该区域金枪鱼总渔获量占世界的38%,是所罗门群岛重要的经济来源,近年来,金枪鱼数量呈下降态势。
我国某研究团队在该海域设置调查站,研究长鳍金枪鱼与环境因子的关系。
右图为调查海域及调查站位置示意图,下图示意长鳍金枪鱼不同深度段、盐度段、温度段的渔获量据此完成7-9题。
英语高考模拟试题及答案
英语高考模拟试题及答案一、听力部分(共30分)1. What does the man mean?A. He is not interested in the lecture.B. He has to go to the library.C. He can’t go to the lecture.D. He is looking forward to the lecture.2. What is the woman doing?A. Cooking dinner.B. Washing dishes.C. Cleaning the house.D. Doing laundry.3. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Take a bus.B. Drive carefully.C. Walk to the station.D. Wait for the next train.4. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Doctor and patient.B. Teacher and student.C. Mother and son.D. Waitress and customer.5. Where does the conversation most likely take place?A. In a bank.B. In a post office.C. In a restaurant.D. In a bookstore.二、阅读理解(共40分)AThe following passage is about a new method of teaching English.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A new teaching method has been introduced.B. English is a difficult language to learn.C. The traditional teaching method is outdated.D. Students are not interested in learning English.7. According to the passage, what is the advantage of the new teaching method?A. It is more cost-effective.B. It is more engaging for students.C. It is easier to implement.D. It is more focused on grammar.8. What does the author suggest about the future of language learning?A. It will become more technology-driven.B. It will rely less on technology.C. It will focus more on speaking skills.D. It will become less important.BThe following passage is about the benefits of volunteering.9. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To encourage people to volunteer.B. To describe different types of volunteering.C. To discuss the benefits of volunteering.D. To compare volunteering with other activities.10. According to the passage, which of the following is a benefit of volunteering?A. It can help you find a job.B. It can improve your physical health.C. It can increase your income.D. It can help you make new friends.11. What does the author suggest about the importance of volunteering?A. It is more important than paid work.B. It is a valuable way to spend your time.C. It is only for those who have extra time.D. It is a good way to make money.12. What is the author’s tone in the passage?A. Informative.B. Persuasive.C. Critical.D. Humorous.三、完形填空(共20分)13. A. although B. because C. if D. unless14. A. difficult B. easy C. impossible D. possible15. A. to B. for C. with D. by16. A. but B. and C. or D. so17. A. excited B. surprised C. disappointed D. confused18. A. asked B. told C. explained D. warned19. A. how B. what C. why D. when20. A. finally B. suddenly C. recently D. eventually四、语法填空(共20分)21. The book is so interesting that I can hardly put it down. (改为简单句)The book is ________ interesting ________ I can hardly put it down.22. She has been working in the company for five years. (保持句意不变)She ________ ________ in the company for five years.23. The children were playing in the park when it began to rain. (保持句意不变)The children were playing in the park ________ it began to rain.24. He is one of the most famous actors in the world. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ he in the world?25. I don’t think it will rain tomorrow. (保持句意不变)I ________ ________ it ________ rain tomorrow.五、书面表达(共30分)26. Write an essay of about 120 words on the following topic:“Why is it important to learn English?”参考答案:一、听力部分1-5: C, A, B, C, D二、阅读理解6-10: A, B, C, A, B11-12: B, A三、完形填空13-20: B, D, A, D, C, B, C, B四、语法填空21. so, that22. has worked23. when24. What is his position25. don’t believe, will五、书面表达范文:Why is it important to learn English?Learning English is of great importance for several reasons. Firstly, English is the most widely spoken language in the world, and masteringit can open up numerous opportunities for communication and collaboration with people from different countries. Secondly, a large portion of the world's information, including scientific research and literature, is published in English. Being proficient in English allows one to access this wealth of knowledge more easily. Lastly, learning English can also boost one's career prospects, as many multinational companies require employees to have a good command of English.In conclusion, learning English is not only a valuable skill for personal development but also a key to success in the globalized world.。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)高考英语模拟试题(五)(含答案)
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)模拟试题(五)英语上海高中教研教学I.Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Understandable.B. Pointless.2. A. Gather more information from others.C. Ask a professor to help them3. A. Find a different hotel.C. Pay for the conference in advance.4. A. Study her notes over the weekend.C. Take the quiz before the man does.5. A. The man looks very nice in a suit and tie.B.The man needn’t have changed his clothes.C.She likes the sweater the man is wearing.D.She does not think jeans are appropriate.6. A. He cannot walk because his foot is broken. C. He feels relieved about his injury.7. A. He cannot afford to buy a computer.B.He was the last person to leave the computer lab.C.He is worried about turning in his paper late.D.He used a typewriter for his paper.8. A. Look for another job.C. Ask his boss for a raise in pay.9. A. His grade was not as good as the woman's. C. He had hoped to get a better grade.10. A. He does not want to continue on the project today.B.He will work on the project without the woman.C.He does not know when the project is due.D.He will need five more hours to finish the project.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the bestanswer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A lifeboat. B. A lucky personC. A sea storm.D. A shipwreck12. A. When the boat started to rock violently. B. When he saw someone in the waterC. When his wife screamed for life. C. When he found no life belt13. A. When it turned dark.B.When another ship found them.C.When they found the crew on a life boat.D.When a film was shot based on his experience.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Why American industries grew rapidly in the nineteenth century.B.How advances in transportation helped American cities develop.C.Transportation between the cities of the United States.D.Great American inventors of the nineteenth century.15. A. They could be controlled independently. B. They were resistant to fire.C. They could keep working for longer.D. They offered more room for passengers.16. A. It made the subways much quieter.B.It brought electric light to the tunnels.C.It enabled passengers to breathe cleaner air.D.It allowed subways to be repaired inexpensively.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He found he had consumed too much fast food.B.People spent little time looking for organic food.C. A fast food restaurant opened near the Spanish Steps.D.The most well-known monuments in Rome were destroyed.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pay as you sitWhat’s the appeal of coffee shops? It’s been said that JK Rowling wrote the Harry Potter books (21)________(sit) in one in Edinburgh.Many people spend hours in these places nursing a coffee as they work away on their laptops.But if you’re spending all day buying one expensive coffee after another and (22) ________ (not sell)your first novel yet, the costs can really add up. For those who work outside of a traditional office or just want to take time out, there’s a new alternative in London: a pay-per-minute cafe.You can stay for as long as you like in the Ziferblat coffee shop. You'll be given a clockwhen you come in to keep time. When you leave, you return the item and pay the bill. The cost of hanging out, eating, working and meeting new people in the place is 3 pence per minute—or £1.80 an hour. The shop’s owner, Ivan Meetin, says: ‘‘Everything is free, (23) ________the time you spend there”. Customers help (24) ________to coffee and cookies. They can also bring their own food to eat when (25) ________ (connect) to the Internet through Wi-Fi.Meetin’s customers clearly are not the types who rush to work with a paper cup (26) ________ (drink) from at their desks. They are there for the atmosphere. Informality is at the heart of Meetin’s concept. He’s always loved the idea of building his own house. “With my mates,we were building treehouses (27)________rules of society didn't exist, he says.Meetin believes his coffee shop is a bit like “social media”, but with a face. Like-minded people go there to socialize. Some feel so much at home (28) ________they wash the dishes.I'd like to try it at least once. Who knows---I (29) ________even start writing my own novel. (30) ________coffee shops are good enough for JK Rowling to spend quality time in, why can't I? Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlySnow school closures ‘no harm to learning’Closing schools on occasional days because of bad weather does not damage learning, research shows. The research wanted to find an answer to the winter argument about whether schools should _____31____ to stay open in heavy snow or shut their doors. Seven years of school test data showed no evidence that snow closures negatively affected results. The worst disruption was caused when schools tried to stay open but many staff and pupils were____32_____. The study, carried out by Joshua Goodman, assistant professor of public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School in Massachusetts in the US, was an attempt to ____33_____ the impact of school days lost to bad weather.Almost as soon as the first winter snowflake falls, there are debates about whether schools should be kept open. The study suggests there are _____34____ arguments for them being closed. Prof Goodman was asked by the Massachusetts education department to find out whether there really was any loss to learning from snow closures. Looking at test results in the US state between 2003-10, he found no evidence that pupil _____35____ had been affected when schools were occasionally shut. A former high school teacher himself, Prof Goodman says schools can easily adapt to short-term closures, ____36_____their plans for the rest of the term. Such a clean break seemed to cause less disruption than trying to stay open, when many pupils might not be able to get into school. This creates a knock-on effect of pupils trying to catch up, he says. And this does seem to have a negative impact on results. Prof Goodman says that arguments over a few days of snow closures can often become very “emotional”---and they_____37____ that many pupils miss a greater number of school days through other types of absenteeism, such as____38_____. Such absenteeism by individuals does negatively affect their results, he says, more than an occasional _____39____ closure by the whole school. This good news for pupils wanting an authorised day off was ____40_____ by Prof Goodman: “Closures have no impact. Absences do.”III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Obviously, I did not feel so ready for the early races in my career as the races we’ve done recently. There is a lot to be said for just gaining experience—just getting out there and getting your feet wet teaches you the right skills and ____41_____ .It’s often not the most____42_____ prepared or the fittest teams but the teams who race intelligently and adapt to unexpected situations that win. To achieve this you have to be_____43____and patient. The only way to develop those _____44____is to get out and race or do long training trips with your team-mates and friends.Adventure races are such a huge ____45_____that when you enter a race you always think, “Am 1 ready? Did I train enough? Did I forget something?” I remember one race in particular, my very first Eco-Challenge and only my second race ever. When I did it, I felt totally _____46____ and unprepared. Most of my fear was due to lack of_____47____ and knowledge. I really had no idea what I was getting in to because I had never done a 24-hour race before. Even so, we won it somehow, and were invited to compete in the Eco-Challenge in Australia.Then we went to Australia and entered the race. We didn’t plan a _____48____ at all, but just ran as fast as possible from the start. Keeping my mouth shut and following my team-mates, I just tried to keep up with my team, who were more experienced than I was. Although we arrived at a few of the check points in first place and were among the top five, I knew we didn't ____49_____ there.______50___ , two of my team-mates decided not to continue the race after just a day and a half. One was feeling ill—he was just too tired to carry on, while another had severe problems with his feet but we had been going so fast that he felt ____51_____asking us to stop so he could take care of his blisters (水泡). The other two of us, feeling fresh still, had to ____52_____ with the rest of our team. Four days later, we watched in____53_____as the winners crossed the finishing line. I knew that our team had not been prepared or realistic about the pace we could keep, but not finishing that race was the most ___54______ lesson I could have learned.I _____55____ then to come back one day and finish the race, which was seven years—and thousands of race miles---ago.41. A. attitude B. decision C. timing D. behaviour42. A. partially B. mentally C. folly D. physically43. A. strong B. diligent C. intelligent D. flexible44. A. qualities B. ideas C. talents D. interests45. A. investment B. challenge C. step D. increase46. A. anxious B. afraid C. alone D. abnormal47. A. accessibility B. information C. experience D. equipment48. A. strategy B. goal C. campaign D.backup49. A. pause B. live C. belong D. appear50. A. To make the matters worse B. To cut a long story shortC. To sum upD. To start with51. A. obliged B. uncomfortable C. justified D. unfortunate52. A. move about B. keep up C. look on D. drop out53. A. annoyance B. excitement C. relief D. disappointment54. A. unexpected B. costly C. valuable D. specific55. A. promised B. requested C. offered D. agreedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Who wants to be a millionaire? has been one of the most popular television quiz shows in Britain. In the show, the host asks a question and gives the contestant four possible answers. If the contestant gets the right answer, they win the money say £100—and then go on to the next question for, say, £250. The money increases for each question until, if the contestant has answered all the other questions correctly, the prize for the final question is one million pounds.In this extract from a show some years ago, the host of the show is television personality Chris Tarrant. Answering the questions is an ex-army officer, Charles Ingram.TARRANT: What kind of garment is an ‘Anthony Eden’?An overcoat, hat,shoe,tie?INGRAM: I think it is a hat.A cough from the audience.INGRAM: Again Tm not sure. I think it is ...Coughing from the audience.INGRAM: I am sure it is a hat. Am I sure?Coughing from the audience.INGRAM: Yes, hat, ifs a hat.In that show, Charles finally won a million pounds. But something wasn’t quite right. Charles Ingram didn't really seem very sure of himself; he obviously didn't know the answer at first. To many in the audience that night, it seemed as if he frequently repeated an answer as if waiting for a signal.He was.Charles Ingram's wife Diana was in the audience, and so too was a man with the extraordinary name of Tecwen Whittock. He had a bad cough. But a man sitting next to him in theaudience noticed that there was something strange about the cough. It was too loud, and it wasn't very regular. It only happened occasionally, almost as if he was coughing on purpose.He was.The three of them, Charles Ingram, Diana Ingram and Tecwen Whittock, had planned the whole thing. Whittock coughed to tell Charles when he had the correct answer. They began to notice it in the television control room, but at first they didn't believe it. In the end, though, it was just too obvious, and when tapes from the programme were played to a court in London a year later, there was no doubt. Charles and Diana Ingram were guilty of cheating on a game show. They were given prison sentences of 18 months and fined £15,000 each. Tecwen Whittock was sentenced to 12 months in prison and fined £10,000.Did the Ingrams and Tecwen Whittock get an appropriate sentence? How ‘bad' is it to cheat a television quiz show in which winning money is a matter of chance anyway? It is crimes like this that challenge our concepts of what is right and what is wrong, and since administering justice in the courts means that we have to decide on how serious something is (is robbery more or less serious than driving too fast, for example), the case of the cheating Ingrams is an excellent one to consider.56.We can learn from the extract of the show that Charles was his answer.A.pleased withB. surprised atC. sure ofD. hesitant over57.The pronoun “He”(in paragraph 7) refers to__________.A.Charles IngramB. Tecwen WhittockC.the man sitting next to Charles IngramD. the man sitting next to Tecwen Whittock58.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.The three people were given the same fine and sentence. 'B.Diana Ingrain let Tecwen know which choice was correct.C.Tecwen told Charles which answer was right by coughing.D.It was the Ingrams that made the first plan for the cheating.59.According to the writer, what is the point of the case?A.It can offer a perspective to judge the severity level of crimes.B.It has been the first cheating case that is related to reality shows.C.It achieved the purpose of having the court reconsider the sentencing.D.It may serve as a warning for those who also want to do the same thing.(B)Read the two people’s quotes below and answer the questions that follow.Dr Michio KakuPhysicist and professor40,000 people will work in spaceDr Michio Kaku is a professor at the City College of New York and a graduate of Harvard University. His book, The Physics of the Impossible, is about how science fiction technology may be possible in the future.‘By 2030, space tourism will almost certainly be common and around 40,000 people willwork in space. A company called the Space Island Group is planning to build an international space station with hotels, research facilities, restaurants and sports arenas (for new zero-gravity sports). Other companies are working on similar projects. And what language will people speak in space? Well, it probably won’t matter because there is likely to be a tiny computer that fits in your ear and translates what you hear into your own language/Ray KurzweilScientist, inventor, author and entrepreneur (企业家)Our brains will merge with machinesMany of Ray Kurzweil’s predictions about the future have come true. For example, in the early 1990s he predicted the growth of the Internet. Now Kurzweil believes that robots and humans will one day merge."The future will be far more surprising than most people realise. By the end of the 2030s, robots will be more intelligent than humans. Before that time, humans and machines will start to merge. We have 100 trillion very slow connections in our brain. Tiny robots (nanobots) will be implanted in our brains to improve our memory and our thinking skills. These nanobots will allow our brains to talk directly to computers, and they will also allow our brains to communicate wirelessly with other brains. Billions of nanobots will also travel through our bodies. They will keep us healthy. As a result, we will be able to live forever.'60.According to Dr Michio Kaku, what will no longer be a barrier for people working in space?A.Time.B. Internet.C. Language.D. Gravity.61.According to Ray Kurzweil, what will nanobots do?A.They will help save some of our memories.B.They will help some parts in our brain work better.C.They will help us develop a logic way of thinking.D.They will help detect what disease we are down with.62.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The future will surprise usB.The development of scienceC.Scientists worried about technologyD.Famous quotes about computers and the Internet(C)Digital assistants with anthropomorphic(拟人的)features, such as Siri, are increasingly common on phones and computers. Developing an emotional relationship with a piece of software can. However, cut both ways. As a study published in Psychological Science by Park Daeun, of Chungbuk National University in South Korea, and her colleagues, shows, one emotion sometimes involved in machine-human interaction is embarrassment.Dr Park and her team recruited 187 participants into their study. To start with each was presented with a series of statements on the changeability of intelligence. These included, “you have a certain amount of intelligence, and you can’t really do much to change it”,and “you can always substantially change how intelligent you are’, . Participants rated their responses to thesestatements on a six-point scale,on which one meant “strongly disagree,’ and six meant “strongly agree'\ The reason for this initial test was that Dr Park knew from previous work that those who believe intelligence to be changeable are comfortable asking for assistance while those who believe it to be fixed often feel ashamed to do so.The initial test done, the researchers presented their volunteers with a second, which involved looking at 16 sets of three words and trying to think of a fourth word that linked them. Sometimes the first three words were accompanied by an unrequested hint. Sometimes they were not.Hints appeared as the written form of the word in question, accompanied by a computer-shaped icon (图标). For half of participants this icon had a humanlike face, and the hint was placed inside a speech bubble originating from that face. For the other half the icon lacked a face and there was no speech bubble. After the final set of words had been displayed, participants were asked to agree or disagree with follow-up statements about their experience, such as 4tit was embarrassing to receive help during the task”, and “others might think I am incompetent(无能的) because I received help during the task”. This time, they quantified their feelings on a seven-point scale, with higher scores representing greater feelings of unease.The researchers found that participants who believed intelligence to be unchangeable felt more embarrassed and more incompetent after the tests. Specifically, those who tended to believe that intelligence is unchangeable were more likely to feel ashamed and embarrassed if the computer icons they had seen giving the hints had had faces and speech bubbles. In contrast, people who strongly believed that intelligence could be changed over time felt the same level of discomfort whether or not the icons had been anthropomorphized.A second experiment, in which a different set of participants were allowed to ask for help rather than having it offered to them at random had similar results. Dr Park therefore concludes that some people do, indeed, seem to wish to avoid losing face by seeking help from an icon that has, well, a face.63.Dr Park and her team’s initial test was intended to__________.A.find out the participants1 opinion of whether intelligence is fixedB.prove the findings of previous work that intelligence changes with ageC.choose from the participants those who are intelligent enough for the testD.highlight those who tend to feel ashamed to reveal how intelligent they are64.Which of the following is TRUE of Dr Park and her team’s second test?A.The participants were asked to sort out the different one among the given words.B.The participants were tested on how they felt about getting help in this way.C.The hints would appear as long as the participants hesitated for some time.D.The hints were given to help the participants how competent they were.65.The first experiment and the second experiment are different in.A.whether participants held the similar beliefs about intelligenceB.whether participants could decide if they need any helpC.whether the help was offered regularly or at randomD.whether the icons are computer-shaped or not66.What can be concluded from the passage?A.More should be done to make digital assistants more human-like.B.People’s idea of intelligence needs to be updated at the moment.C.Embarrassment is among most common emotions people have.D.Digital assistants are sometimes too human to appeal to users.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Quantitative EatingAre you keen on QE (quantitative eating)? Do you have a high marginal propensity(边际倾向)to consume chocolate? Then you might be angered by the diet book, The Economists’ Diet:The Surprising Formula for Losing Weight and Keeping It Off^ from two self-described “formerly fat economists” on how to lose weight.__________A diet is described as a “self-imposed eating-austerity (艰苦朴素)programme”. There is some discussion of people’s general failure to give enough weight to the long-term consequences of their actions. And there is some neat use of the concept of diminishing returns (收益递减).Eat a wide variety of foods and you may always get pleasure from trying something different. But limit your diet and you will soon tire of eating more. 68 The authors think this is more important than exercise since the latter tends to make you hungry; it is easy to undo all the good work of a cycle ride with a snack.Eating less requires you to limit yourself to one square meal (defined as some meat and two side portions of vegetables) a day. The other meals should be very light; a non-creamy soup, a salad or a bowl of non-sugary cereal. If you do end up having a big meal or a treat, then the other meals should be skipped altogether.But the authors are not too prescriptive(规定的) The aim is to find a diet that works for each individual.___________. Only then can you see whether the diet is working.The book is full of perfectly sensible advice, such as avoiding unusual diets, the appeal of “low-fat” foods and the temptation to drink all your calories in the form of fancy drinks, alcohol and sugary coffees. 70 But, as experienced economists, the authors may have realised that, when it comes to diet plans, demand is almost infinite.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.The dangers of safetyTravelling by road is widely accepted as being the most dangerous way to travel with far more deaths per kilometer than rail, sea or air. In fact, while road traffic injuries represent about 25% of worldwide injury-related deaths, deaths on the road in the UK have been decreasing for some time. We take a look at why the number is decreasing, but why it seems impossible to avoid deaths completely.Over the years, different methods of reducing the number of crashes have been tried. The Locomotive and Highways Act of 1865 introduced the idea of speed limits to the motoring world. Since then, more and more ways of controlling the behaviour of drivers have been introduced, such as one-way streets and traffic signals, as well as compulsory driver testing and licensing. These days, there are many more methods of enforcement, including speed cameras and fines for breaking motor laws.Another solution is to make cars themselves safer in case of an accident. This means the main focus has been on passive safety or crash survival rather than active safety or avoiding crashes. There are many innovations by motor manufacturers, which have made cars safer, such as seat belts, anti-lock brakes and airbags. These improvements have tended to make the driver feel more in control and isolated him/her from the fast-moving and dangerous environment outside the car. It seems strange that as improvements have been made the number of crashes continues to increase.Actually, it is wrong to talk about safe and dangerous cars in this way. The key to this problem is not actually the car, but the driver. In fact, making drivers feel safer is not the solution to the problem, but it is the cause of the problem. As drivers feel safer, it encourages them to drive aggressively and to ignore other road users and therefore increases the number of crashes.V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.请调整一下这张桌子,以适应这个孩子的身高。
2022-2023学年海南省高考模拟(五)语文试题含答案
海南省2022-2023学年高三高考全真模拟卷(五)语文试题1.本试卷满分150分,测试时间150分钟,共8页。
2.考查范围:高考全部内容。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
材料一:在中国,建筑群的总体布局以至整座城市,都强调规则对称,但园林却是自由的。
西方则刚好相反,建筑群和城市往往自由多变,而园林却规则谨严。
这反映了两种文化对待自然的不同态度。
显然,中国人崇奉的“天人合一”“天地为庐”“人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然”等哲学思想和生活情内趣,对园林的构思创意起了根本性作用。
与西方比较,中国国林重视自然美,虽有人力在原有地形地貌上的加工,甚至可能全由人工造成,但追求“有若自然”的情趣。
因林中的建筑也不追求规整格局,而效法路亭水榭、旅桥村楼,建筑美与自然美相得益彰。
大自然本身就是变化多趣的,但自然虽无定式,却有定法,所以,中国国林迹求的“自由”并不是绝对的,其中自有严格的章法,只不过非几何之法而是自然之法罢了,是自然的典型化,比自然本身更概括、更典型、更高,也更美。
中国园林不仅停留于形式美,更进一步通过显现于外的景,表达出内蕴之情。
园林的创作与欣赏是一个深层的充满感情的过程。
创作时以情入景,欣赏时则触景生情,这情景交融的氛围,就是所谓的意境。
暗香盈袖,月色满庭,表达了对闲适生活的向往;岸芷汀花,村桥野亭,体现了远离尘嚣的出世情怀;水光浮影,悬岩危峰,暗示了山林隐逸、寄老林泉、清高出世的追求。
这些,都是文人学士标榜的生活理想。
因此,中国园林的高下成败,最终的关键取决于创作者文化素养和审美情趣的高下文野。
1685年,英国著名学者坦伯尔针对西方的几何式园林说:“还可以有另外一种完全不规则的花园,它们比任何其他形式的都更美;不过,它们所在的地段必须有非常好的自然条件,同时,又需要一个在人工修饰方面富有想象力和判断力的伟大民族。
”他还写道:“中国的花园如同大自然的一个单元”。
2023届高考英语模拟试卷五(含参考答案)
2023届高考英语模拟试卷五(含参考答案)第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题, 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How much did the man pay for the cap?A. Ten dollars.B. Forty dollars. C Fifty dollars2. Where is the man going to plant the tree?A. By the front door.B. At the back of the garage.C. At the other end of the garden.3. What did the man mean?A. He quite agreed with the woman.B. He enjoyed the lecture the whole time.C. The lecture was more than one hour long.4. What does the man really want to do?A. To read the advertisement.B. To meet the manager.C. To take the job.5. What's the time how?A. 8:30.B. 8:00.C. 9:00.第二节(共15小题, 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
高考语文模拟试题(5)
高考语文模拟试题(5)本试卷共8页,26小题,满分150分.考试时间150分钟.注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上.用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上.2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上.3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁.考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、语言文字运用(共24分,其中选择题每小题3分)1.下列词语中加点的字,注音全都正确的一组是()A.挨.近(āi)逮.捕(dài) 绊.脚石(bàn)好逸恶.劳(wū)B.恫.吓(dòng)妩.媚(fǔ)我们俩.(liǎ)逡.巡不前(qūn)C.急遽.(jù)迷惘.(wǎng)颤.巍巍(chàn)乘.人之危(chéng)D.轻蔑.(mì)中.风(zhòng)处.方药(chǔ)缠绵悱.恻(fěi)2.下列各句中,没有错别字的一组是()A.上海世博会于10月31日在美丽的黄浦江畔落下了帷幕,它创造了世博会历史上的经典,留下了不可磨灭的永久印记,成为人类文明发展历程中的重要里程碑。
B.这些校长、院长与系主任,基本都是博士生导师,可他们通过自己的言传身教,到底是要指导学生怎么养成扎实而严肃的学风,还是想教会学生浮夸与浮躁的作派呢?!C.近来,绿豆、大蒜等少数农产品价格不正常上涨,引起社会的关注,但它们在居民消费中所占的比例毕竟有限,只需保证供应、稳定预期,对违法行为依法进行查处,防止引起联锁反应即可。
D.今年的苹果价格变换莫测。
2023年湖南省郴州一中高考化学模拟试卷(五)+答案解析(附后)
2023年湖南省郴州一中高考化学模拟试卷(五)1. 化学与生活、科技、社会发展息息相关,下列说法正确的是( )A. 陶瓷是以石灰石、纯碱、石英砂为原料,经高温烧结而成B. 加工馒头、面包和饼干时,可以加入适量膨松剂--碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵C. 冠醚可识别碱金属离子,冠醚与碱金属离子之间形成的配位键属于离子键D. 臭氧是非极性分子,是一种可以替代氯气的净水剂2. 设为阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是( )A. 和的混合物中含有的电子数为B. 120g 由和组成的混合固体中数目为C. 分子中含有碳氧键的数目一定为D. 中未成对电子数为3. 室温下,下列各组离子一定能在指定溶液中共存的是( )A. 溶液:、、、B. 溶液中:、、C. 溶液:、、、D.溶液中:、、、4. 利用下列装置和试剂进行实验,不能达到实验目的的是( )ABCD比较Zn 与Cu 的金属性强弱除去中的HCl 并干燥制取乙酸乙酯必要时可加沸石制备 A.A B.B C.CD. D5.2020年9月,施普林格自然旗下国际专业学术期刊《自然-天文学》发表的一篇行星科学研究论文称,研究人员在金星大气中探测到了磷化氢气体。
工业制备的流程如图所示,下列说法正确的是( )A. 白磷转化为红磷的过程为物理变化B. 次磷酸和磷酸都属于三元酸C. 参加反应,整个工业流程中共生成不考虑产物的损失D. 反应Ⅰ、反应Ⅱ和反应Ⅲ均属于氧化还原反应6. 我国科学家用激光将置于铁室中石墨靶上的碳原子炸松,再用射频电火花喷射氮气,获得超硬新材料氮化碳薄膜,结构如图,下列有关氮化碳的说法错误的是( )A. 碳原子采取杂化、氮原子采取杂化B. 氮化碳属于共价晶体C.氮化碳的化学式为D. 氮化碳硬度超过金刚石晶体7. 阿巴卡韦是一种核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂,有抗病毒功效。
下列关于其合成中间体的说法正确的是( )A. 分子式为B. 分子中所有碳原子共平面C. 可用碳酸氢钠溶液鉴别乙酸和MD. 1molM与足量钠反应生成的体积为8. 下列实验操作所得现象及结论均正确的是( )选项实验操作实验现象结论A 向固体上滴加浓盐酸产生黄绿色气体氧化性:B镁、铝为电极,氢氧化钠为电解质的原电池装置铝表面有气泡金属活动性:C海带中提取碘单质时,用苯做萃取剂液体分层,下层溶液为紫红色碘在有机溶剂中溶解度较大D将的KI 溶液与溶液混合充分反应后,滴加数滴KSCN 溶液,溶液颜色变红该反应为可逆反应 A. AB. BC. CD.D9. 甲池是一种偏二甲肼燃料电池,如图所示。
高考地理模拟试题卷(五)及答案解析
高考地理模拟试题卷(五)及答案解析地理本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,满分100分,考试用时50分钟。
一、选择题:共11小题,每小题4分,共44分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
2022年4月18日,首个国家植物园在北京正式揭牌。
国家植物园的主要任务是植物的迁地保护(注:迁地保护是把因生存条件不复存在,物种数量极少,生存和繁衍受到严重威胁的物种迁出原地,进行特殊的管理和保护),代表植物迁地保护的最高水平。
下图为国家植物园内的“镇园之宝”之一——千岁兰。
据此完成1~2题。
1.首个国家植物园选址在北京的主要原因是()A.气候适宜 B.交通便利C.科研水平高D.消费市场广2.如图,国家植物园根据千岁兰的生长习性和根系特征,把它种植在玻璃温室内的紫砂盆(透气但不透水,两个盆一竖一横叠高)中,依此推测千岁兰的原产地可能是()A.热带沙漠 B.温带沙漠C.热带雨林D.温带草原(高考风向题)冬季土壤微生物仍然保持一定的活性,土壤通过微生物活动向大气释放二氧化碳。
某地理小组为研究雪被对土壤二氧化碳排放通量的影响,进行了对照实验。
实验之前,用塑料隔板对多个样地进行围封处理,塑料隔板埋入地下30cm,地上露出20cm。
下图示意对照实验的结果。
据此完成3~5题。
3.雪被对土壤二氧化碳排放通量的影响()A.在覆雪初期最明显B.与时间关系较弱C.在后融雪期最明显D.与雪深关系较弱4.雪被覆盖显著提高了土壤二氧化碳排放通量,这主要得益于雪被改善了土壤的()A.温度 B.水分C.结构D.厚度5.实验之前在样地插入塑料隔板围封,主要考虑的是()A.保证雪被长期稳定 B.提高雪被深度C.避免地表径流干扰 D.减小风力侵蚀“绿电”即绿色电力,是指通过零二氧化碳排放(或趋近于零二氧化碳排放)的生产过程得到的电力。
2022年北京冬奥会首次实现了奥运历史上全部场馆100%绿色电能供应。
据此完成6~8题。
6.北京冬奥会实现全部场馆100%“绿电”,主要得益于()A.政策支持B.技术支撑C.资源禀赋 D.市场需求7.北京冬奥会举办期间使用的“绿电”主要是()A.水电和风电 B.水电和光电C.风电和核电 D.风电和光电8.北京冬奥会使用“绿电”的主要意义有()①加快能源清洁低碳转型发展②改变火电在电力生产结构中的主导地位③助力首都实现碳达峰、碳中和④加快构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统A.①②③ B.②③④C.①②④ D.①③④海底麻坑是一种大陆边缘海底常见的,类似火山口状的海底凹陷,通常发育在天然气水合物的赋存区。
新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市第十中学2024学年高三高考仿真模拟冲刺考试(五)数学试题
新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市第十中学2024学年高三高考仿真模拟冲刺考试(五)数学试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.设等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,则“1322a a a +<”是“210n S -<”的( ) A .充分不必要 B .必要不充分 C .充要D .既不充分也不必要2.已知向量(3sin ,2)a x =-,(1,cos )b x =,当a b ⊥时,cos 22x π⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭( )A .1213-B .1213C .613-D .6133.《聊斋志异》中有这样一首诗:“挑水砍柴不堪苦,请归但求穿墙术.得诀自诩无所阻,额上坟起终不悟.”在这里,我们称形如以下形式的等式具有“穿墙术”:====上规律,若=“穿墙术”,则n =( ) A .48B .63C .99D .1204.已知集合{}|1A x x =>-,集合(){}|20B x x x =+<,那么A B 等于( )A .{}|2x x >-B .{}1|0x x -<<C .{}|1x x >-D .{}|12x x -<<5. “角谷猜想”的内容是:对于任意一个大于1的整数n ,如果n 为偶数就除以2,如果n 是奇数,就将其乘3再加1,执行如图所示的程序框图,若输入10n =,则输出i 的( )A .6B .7C .8D .96.已知六棱锥P ABCDEF -各顶点都在同一个球(记为球O )的球面上,且底面ABCDEF 为正六边形,顶点P 在底面上的射影是正六边形ABCDEF 的中心G ,若6PA =,2AB =,则球O 的表面积为( )A .163πB .94π C .6πD .9π7.在平行六面体1111ABCD A B C D -中,M 为11A C 与11B D 的交点,若,AB a AD b ==,1AA c =,则与BM 相等的向量是( )A .1122a b c ++ B .1122a b c --+ C .1122a b c -+ D .1122-++a b c 8.给出下列四个命题:①若“p 且q ”为假命题,则p ﹑q 均为假命题;②三角形的内角是第一象限角或第二象限角;③若命题0:p x R ∃∈,200x ≥,则命题:p x R ⌝∀∈,20x <;④设集合{}1A x x =>,{}2B x x =>,则“x A ∈”是“x B ∈”的必要条件;其中正确命题的个数是( ) A .1B .2C .3D .49.已知等边△ABC 内接于圆τ:x 2+ y 2=1,且P 是圆τ上一点,则()PA PB PC ⋅+的最大值是( ) A 2B .1C 3D .210.设01p <<,随机变量ξ的分布列是则当p 在(,)34内增大时,( )A .()E ξ减小,()D ξ减小B .()E ξ减小,()D ξ增大 C.()E ξ增大,()D ξ减小D .()E ξ增大,()D ξ增大11.已知1F ,2F是双曲线222:1xC y a-=()0a >的两个焦点,过点1F 且垂直于x 轴的直线与C 相交于A ,B 两点,若AB =△2ABF 的内切圆的半径为( )A B C .3D 12.设x ∈R ,则“|1|2x -< “是“2x x <”的( ) A .充分而不必要条件 B .必要而不充分条件 C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必条件二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
广州市职高对口升学高考物理复习模拟试题五(含答案)
物理试题一、单选题(本题共8题,每题4分,共32分,每小题只有一个....选项正确)1、在力的合成中,下列关于两个分力(大小为定值)与它们的合力的关系的说法中,正确的是()A.合力一定大于每一个分力;B.合力一定小于每一个分力;C.合力的方向一定与分力的方向相同;D.两个分力的夹角在0°~180°变化时,夹角越大合力越小。
【答案】D【.解析】AB、分力可能大于合力,也可能小于合力,故AB错误;C、合力的方向不一定与分力的方向相同,故C错误;D、当两个分力夹角是0°时,合力最大;180°时,合力最小,故D正确。
故选D。
【考点】力的合成2、下列关于速度的说法正确的是()A.速度是描述物体位置变化的物理量B.速度方向就是物体运动的方向C.位移方向和速度方向一定相同D.匀速直线运动的速度方向是可以改变的【答案】B【.解析】A、速度是描述物体位置变化快慢的物理量,故确错误;B、物体运动的轨迹的切线方向,就是该点的速度方向,故B正确;C、位移方向是从起点指向终点,速度方向是轨迹的切线方向,二者不一定相同,故C错误;D、匀速直线运动,速度大小方向都不发生变化,故D错误。
故选B。
【考点】速度3.如图所示,一个物体受到1N、2N、3N、4N四个力作用而处于平衡.现保持1N、3N、4N三60,此时作用在物体上的合力大小为()个力的方向和大小不变,而将2N的力绕O点旋转A .N 2B .N 22C .N 13D .N 33【答案】A【.解析】四力的合力为零,则可知1N 、3N 、4N 三个力的合力2N ;与2N 大小相等方向相反; 则2N 的力绕O 点旋转60°,其他三力的合力不变,那么现在变为2N 的两个力,其夹角成120°,因此这两个力的合力大小为2N ,故A 正确。
故选A 。
【考点】力的合成4.一个小石块从空中a 点自由落下,先后经过b 点和c 点,不计空气阻力.已知它经过b 点时的速度为v,经过c 点时的速度为3v.则ab 段与ac 段位移之比为 ( )A.1∶3B.1∶5C. 1∶9D. 1∶8【答案】C【.解析】物体做自由落体运动,有2ab 2gh v =,2ac 2gh 3v =() 联立求得:ab ac h 1h 9=;故选C 。
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高考模拟题(五)参考答案一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)1.(3分)*D.【“取代而消失”不对。
】2.(3分)*D.【A.“龙山文化”只是佐证,“影响”无据;B.“直到宋代才得以正式命名”曲解原文意思;C.“时有串换”无据。
】3.(3分)*C.【“决定”无据。
】(二)文学类文本阅读(本题共3小题,14分)4.(3分)*D.5.(5分)【这个说法反映了妻子对他的埋怨和怜惜(2分):①住房仄陋、衣食简单,生活单调。
(1分)②送孩子上学很简单粗暴,很多费时费事的家务事不干,在时间问题上吝啬小气。
(1分)③对待家人给予他作品的反馈很任性很孩子气。
(1分)④随遇而安,容易满足,高兴着别人的高兴。
(1分)本题最多得5分。
】6.(6分)【有不合理之处:①写作是他的业余爱好,也没有发表作品。
(1分)②活动圈狭窄,生活中接触人不多。
写作和为人处世没能做到“老妪能解”。
(1分)有合理之处:③他感情细腻敏感,语言表达颇有文学性。
如把周围的楼叫山,调侃说“山高月小”;把下联的“专”改为“尽”。
(1分)④关注生活,热爱生活,就是孩子的尿布,在眼中也是幸福的旗子。
周围人的生活,他觉得可爱、充满美感。
而这是写作成功的价值观基础。
(1分)⑤专注读书、写作,不以写作为苦事。
装了一肚子故事,勤勤恳恳写作,希望把故事写给世人看。
(1分)⑥对写作有正确态度,不投机取巧,锲而不舍,乐此不疲。
(1分)⑦妻子和懂行的人对他的写作前景也看好。
“精神上的大富翁”“说不定将来要去作协工作”都是对他作品质量的肯定。
(1分)作者以“一位作家”为题,看似不合理,但可以启发读者思考其中肯定称许的意思和提醒的意味。
(1分)每点1分,任意答对4点即可得6分。
意思对即可。
】(三)实用类文本阅读(本题共3小题,12分)7.(3分)*D.【同比增长率概念理解错误。
】8.(5分)*A.*E.【B.“实现了……跨越”分寸把握不当;C.“影响消费者的购买热情,从而影响电商的销售业绩”,文中无依据;D.“不在于……而在于”错误。
】9.(4分)【①推动了零售业的智能化发展;②“双11”回应了消费需求,也推动着消费模式的升级;③给广大农村市场带来了发展生机;④成为展示国民消费趋势、产生国际影响力的消费时段;⑤成为新时代引领新经济的一个窗口。
(每点1分,本题最多得4分。
】二、古代诗文阅读(35分)(一)文言文阅读(本题共4小题,19分)【参考译文】皇甫规,字威明,是安定郡朝那县人。
祖父皇甫棱曾任度辽将军,父亲皇甫旗曾任扶风都尉。
永和六年,西羌大举侵犯三辅,包围了安定城,征西将军马贤统率各郡部队攻打羌人,没有取胜。
皇甫规身为平民,但发现马贤对这次战争不担忧,推断他一定会失败,就向朝廷上书说明情况。
不久马贤果然被西羌杀死。
郡守知道皇甫规有用兵的谋略,就任命他担任功曹,派他率领八百名兵士,同羌人交战,皇甫规斩杀多个敌人,贼寇于是撤退。
后皇甫规被举荐担任上计掾。
后来,羌兵大集合,攻击烧掠陇西,朝廷因此忧虑。
皇甫规上疏朝廷,自己请求报效国家,皇帝没能重用他。
冲帝、质帝年间,梁太后主持朝政,皇甫规被举荐为贤良方正。
他在应试对策中说道:“如今大将军梁冀、河南尹梁不疑,担任着周公、邵公一般的重任,成为国家的屏藩,加之与王室世代联姻,立号尊贵一些虽然可以,但实在应当谦虚节俭,讲求儒家的治术,除去游乐之类不急的事务,减少房屋无益的装饰。
”梁冀恨皇甫规讽刺他,于是以皇甫规为下第,任命他为郎中。
皇甫规托病辞官回家。
州郡官员迎合梁冀的授意,几次都差点把他害死。
皇甫规用《诗》、《易》教授学生三百多人,前后共十四年。
后来梁冀被诛杀,一月之内,朝廷五次以礼征召皇甫规,他都不赴任。
当时太山的贼人叔孙无忌侵犯扰乱郡县,中郎将宗资讨伐贼人但没能平定他们。
官府特地征召皇甫规,任命他为太山太守;皇甫规到任后,采用了很多策略计谋,强盗贼人全被平定。
皇甫规担任官职多年,手持朝廷符节担任大将,统率大军建立功业。
回到故乡督察军政,既没有给别人什么特别的恩惠,又检举揭发了很多人,并且厌恶宦官,不与他们交往联系,于是朝廷内外的人都怨恨他,就一同诬陷皇甫规用财物贿赂各支羌人,使他们虚言假意投降。
皇帝接连不断地下诏书,批评责备皇甫规。
皇甫规担心不能免去灾祸,上疏自我申辩。
后来皇甫规被征任为度辽将军,他到军营几个月后,给皇帝上书,推荐中郎将张奂来代替自己的职位。
他在推荐书中说:“我听说民间没有长久不变的风俗,但社会秩序有安定动乱之分;军队没有强弱差别,但将领才能有高明低劣之别。
我观察到中郎将张奂才能谋略都很优异,应该让他担任主帅,来满足人们的希望。
朝廷如果还认为我适宜充任军事的职务,我希望求得一个闲职,来做张奂的副手。
”朝廷听从了他的意见,以张奂代替他为度辽将军,让皇甫规担任使匈奴中郎将。
皇甫规在任数年,北方边境畏服不敢生事。
永康元年(167年),被征召为尚书。
后迁任弘农太守,并受封为寿成亭侯,食邑二百户,皇甫规推辞不接受。
后又转任护羌校尉。
熹平三年(174年),皇甫规因年老多病被召还,途中于穀城去世,终年七十一岁。
评语是:孔子说“一个人说话不惭愧,那他做起来就不容易”。
考察皇甫规说的话,他的心中不惭愧呀!他审查了自己觉得有能力,就去追求官职;看到有更贤能的人,就把职位让给他。
所以他追求官职不是贪心,而让出官职也不是为了求得谦虚的名声;称赞自己不担心被怀疑是自夸,让位给人也不担心被人议论。
因此他能够在征讨戎狄中建立功业,并在国家多事时保全了自身。
10.(3分)*A.11.(3分)*C.【文中“公车”是官署名,征召和臣民上书都由公车接待。
】12.(3分)*B.【皇甫规托病辞官回家。
】13.(10分)【(1)(5分)皇甫规身为平民,但发现马贤对这次战争不担心忧虑(不太上心),推断他一定失败,就向朝廷上书说明情况。
(“布衣”“恤”“审”各1分,大意2分)(2)(5分)于是朝廷内外的人都怨恨他,就一同诬陷皇甫规用财物贿赂各支羌人,使他们虚言假意投降。
(“中外”“货贿”“文降”各1分,大意2分)】(二)古代诗歌鉴赏(本题共2小题,11分)14.(5分)*B.*C.【B项“窈窕”形容窗的幽深,反映出茅屋“千嶂抱”着的竹林里的深窈秀美;C项“悲从中来”“悲愤”等感情分析错误。
从睡醒闻鸟声联想到当年从政早朝时“骑马听朝鸡”,恍如隔世。
】15.(6分)【(1)对住处和周围景物觉得舒心美好,表现了对恬淡闲适生活的喜爱(对山间清幽环境的喜爱之情);(2)将鸟鸣当作朝鸡,午睡醒来而不愿起床,表现了对官场生活的厌倦和自嘲;(3)猛然觉得朋友们年老,表现了对韶华逝去的感慨无奈。
(每点2分,其中情感1分,分析1分。
)】(三)名篇名句默写(本题共1小题,5分)16.【(1)尔卜尔筮体无咎言(2)安得广厦千万间大庇天下寒士俱欢颜风雨不动安如山】三、语言文字运用(20分)17.(3分)*D.【生死攸关,关系到生和死。
语境强调关系密切,应改为“息息相关”。
与人为善,原指同别人一道做好事行善,现指善意帮助人,不合语境。
故态复萌,旧日的习气或老毛病重新出现,含贬义,不合语境。
心劳日拙,指做坏事的人,虽然使尽坏心眼,到头来不但捞不到好处,处境反而一天比一天糟,合乎语境。
厝火积薪,是把火置于堆积的柴草之下,比喻潜藏着极大的危险。
赤膊上阵,形容作战英勇,也比喻不讲策略或毫无掩饰的做某事,符合语境。
】18.(3分)*A.【B.成分残缺,语意不明。
将“无时无刻”改为“时时刻刻”;或将“无时无刻地”改为“无时无刻不”。
C.“从小”语序不当。
D.“确保”后面加“把”。
】19.(3分)*D.20.(6分)【①许多学者都这样认为②没有鲜艳的色彩(没有动感的画面)③数学美具有丰富的内涵(每点2分)】21.(5分)【①攀登距离挑战体能极限;②坡面太陡;③地形复杂;④气候多变,雪崩频发;⑤面积大,迷路难自救。
(每点1分)】四、写作(60分)22.(60分)作文等级评分标准说明:(一)基础等级评分,“题意”项主要看选择角度是否符合材料内容及含意涉及的范围。
选择角度符合材料内容及含意范围的属于“符合题意”。
与材料内容及含意范围沾边的套作,在第三等及以下评分(“发展等级”不给分)。
(二)发展等级评分,不求全面,可依据“特征”4项16点中若干突出点按等评分。
1.深刻:①透过现象看本质②揭示事物内在的关系③观点具有启发作用2.丰富:④材料丰富⑤论据充实⑥形象丰满⑦意境深远3.有文采:⑧用词贴切⑨句式灵活⑩善于运用修辞手法⑪文句有表现力4.有创意:⑫见解新颖⑬材料新鲜⑭构思新巧⑮推理想象有独到之处⑯有个性特征(三)其他缺题目扣2分;不足字数,每少50字扣1分;每1个错别字扣1分,重复的不计;标点错误多的,酌情扣分。
【题目分析与评分细则】关于“分等评分”(一)基础等级基础等级的评分,以题意、内容、文体、语言等为重点,全面衡量。
(二)发展等级基础分要与发展等级分相匹配。
发展等级的几个项目,其实体现的是作文中的亮点,依次有深刻、丰富、有文采、有创意,只要有若干点突出就可以按等评分,其给分与内容和表达的给分一般来说是相应的。
在符合题意的前提下,要鼓励考生作文出亮点。
对于亮点突出,确实写得好的文章,就应该依据评分标准给予高分。