英汉短文翻译
英译汉练习短文6篇
·英译汉练习短文6篇·Passage 1Satiric Literature1Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspected before Cervantes2, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley3, and people were aware of famine before Swift4. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression,the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness5 they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions6. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing7, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, not do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed8.Notes1.这篇文章用词正式,句式严谨、周密、冗长,文风较为华丽。
英汉对照翻译
英汉对照翻译Translation from English to Chinese (Simplified) (700 words) 英译汉(简体中文)700字1. Hello, how can I help you today?你好,今天有什么可以帮助您的吗?2. Could you please tell me where the nearest post office is?请问最近的邮局在哪里?3. I would like to make a reservation for a table for two at 7 pm tonight.我想预订今晚7点的一张两人餐桌。
4. Excuse me, do you have this dress in a different size?打扰一下,这件裙子还有其他尺码吗?5. Could you recommend a good place to eat in this area?你能推荐一家好吃的餐厅吗?6. I'm sorry, but I don't understand what you're saying.对不起,我不明白你在说什么。
7. How much does this shirt cost?这件衬衫多少钱?8. I need to withdraw some cash from the ATM.我需要从ATM机上取一些现金。
9. Can I try on these shoes before I buy them?我能在购买前试穿这些鞋子吗?10. What time does the movie start?电影几点开始?11. I am looking for the nearest pharmacy. Can you please give me directions?我正在找最近的药店。
你能告诉我怎么走吗?12. Could you please repeat that? I didn't catch it.请你再说一遍好吗?我没听清楚。
短文翻译答案版
英译汉短文翻译1. Job security is extremely hard to come by these days, no matter what profession you choose. It isn't enough to pursue a field with perceived stability, say the experts. You'll want to find something you feel passionate about, can make a living doing and that involves using skills you can easily apply to other fields.在当前的经济形势下,无论你从事何种职业,就业稳定都很难找到稳定的就业机会。
专家们表示,光是追求预计能够带来稳定就业的领域是不够的。
你希望追求的方向应该是你所热爱的、能够借以维持生计的职业,并且能够运用到一些你可以轻松转换到其它领域的技能。
2. Love plays a pivotal role on out life. Love makes you feel wanted. Without love a person could go hayward and also become cruel and ferocious. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better.爱在生活之外扮演了一个关键的角色。
短文翻译
英译汉短文翻译1. Job security is extremely hard to come by these days, no matter what profession you choose. It isn't enough to pursue a field with perceived stability, say the experts. You'll want to find something you feel passionate about, can make a living doing and that involves using skills you can easily apply to other fields.2. Love plays a pivotal role on out life. Love makes you feel wanted. Without love a person could go hayward and also become cruel and ferocious. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better.3. When companies have different employees on the same job and one of them is paid differently, many unfairness issues surface. "It can happen in any 'open shop' that differentiates pay for any reason (seniority, performance, etc.)," says Dauphinais. You could run the risk of alienating valued colleagues if they learn you earn more for what they perceive to be the same job.4. Spouses are a bigger source of stress than bosses, research shows. There may be no place like home, but if you want to relax then you might be better off at work, according to the survey.The poll of 3,000 men and women also found that husbands are more likely to send their wives' blood pressure soaring than the other way round. Overall, 58 percent of those surveyed said their spouse or partner was among those who put them under pressure.Just 43 percent said the same of their manager. And 18 per cent of women said their partner added a lot of stress to their life – compared with just 12 per cent of men.Cary Cooper, professor of health psychology at Lancaster University, said it appeared that people were taking their work troubles home with them.Fears about job losses during the recession are likely to be making matters worse. He said: 'One coping strategy people have when they are feeling insecure is to take it out on their spouses.''One of the causes of stress is the long hours culture. If you consistently put in long hours, it will damage your health and also your relationship at home.'The professor added that juggling family duties and a career can mean that women are under more stress than men. However, they cope with it better, mainly because they find it easier to talk to others about their feelings.5. Before you look for an overseas job, you should determine whether you would even want to work in another culture, and if so, how "foreign" are you willing to go? Do you enjoy change? Do you mind learning new and sometimes odd protocolfor everything from conducting a meeting to buying tomatoes?If you are sure overseas work is for you, Hachey and other career experts recommendseveral steps.The vast majority of professionals working overseas landed their job stateside, and it's much easier to land a job overseas before hopping on the plane. If you want to work abroad, look for international employers in your line of work. While some companies with a worldwide presence offer no mobility between countries, others encourage their employees to go all over the world. If you're the right fit, the company will handle your Visa and workpermit, and will do their best to convincethe local authorities that only you -- over anyone in their country -- could do the job in question.汉译英短文翻译1近年来,中国城市化进人加速阶段,取得了极大的成就,同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。
在线翻译英汉互译
在线翻译英汉互译
欢迎。
大家好,欢迎来到我们的课堂!我很高兴你们都能来参加我们的课程。
这将是一个很好的机会,我们可以分享知识和经验。
我们可以相互学习到
很多。
We have a very good teaching team and a magnificent curriculum this semester. The teachers will use various teaching methods to help us acquire and consolidate our knowledge. All
the teachers have rich teaching experience, and I believe that this semester's learning will be very meaningful, and there will be a lot of harvest.
我们有一个非常优秀的教学团队和宏伟的课程表。
老师们会用各种教
学方法来帮助我们获取和巩固知识。
所有的老师都有丰富的教学经验,我
相信这个学期的学习会非常有意义,也会有很多收获。
I look forward to studying with you for a pleasant semester. Let's work together and succeed together!
我期待和大家一起快乐的学习这个学期。
让我们一起努力,共同成功!。
英汉翻译
我诚邀阁下莅临我们的思科客户访问中心,一同探讨如何有效地应用技术,共同打造一个辉煌的明天
Distance from the event should make the memories less painful.
事件的久远自然会减少回忆的痛苦。
时过境迁,痛苦的往事自然在记忆中淡漠。
It was an elderly woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.
他站住,转过身来,定睛一看,是个年迈妇女,个子很高,依然一副好身材,虽然受岁月折磨而显得憔悴。
I would like to personally invite you to join us at the Executive Briefing Center for a collaborative discussion of how technology can position your company for future success.
维生素感光只是后来承认的。
人们只是到后来才认识到维生素的光敏作用。
The longest life and the shortest amount to the same. For the present is of equal duration for all, and what we lose is not ours.
英汉翻译中英文小说
Certain Things Last(某些持续的事情)For a year now I have been thinking of writing a certain book. (这一年来,我一直想写一本有把握(在思考着写一本自己已经酝酿许久)的书)―Well, tomorrow I‘llget at it,‖ I‘ve been saying to myself.(“好吧,明天我就完成它”过去自己一直这么说)(好,明天就开始动手写,我一直对自己这么说。
)Every night when I get into bed I think about the book(每天晚上上床睡觉时就想着那本书). The people that are to be put between its covers dance before my eyes. (那些即将出现在作品里面的角色在我眼前跳舞)I live in the city of Chicago and at night motor trucks to rumbling along the roadway outside my house. Not so very far away there is an elevated railroad and after twelve o‘clock at night trains pass at pretty long intervals.(我在芝加哥生活,一到晚上,就听到家外面的公路上那些运货卡车隆隆地响。
不远处有一条高架铁路,晚上过了十二点以后火车就开始通过,相互间隔得很远)Before it began I went to sleep during one of the quieter intervals but now that the idea of writing this book has got into me I lie awake and think.(过去在十二点之前趁着那一会儿的安静空隙入睡,但现在我躺在床上思考,脑海出现了写书的想法)For one thing it is hard to get the whole idea of the bookfixed in the setting of the city I live in now.(在我如今居住的城市环境中要想得到这本书确切的想法很难)I wonder if you who do not try to write books, perhaps will understand what I mean.(我很惊奇如果你没有尝试过写书,也许会明白我说什么)Maybe you will, maybe you won‘t. It is a little hard to explain. You see, it‘s something like this. (也许你会明白,或者不明白。
英汉名篇名译
2.
原文:…while his father and mother had written a rather sad letter,deploring his precipitancy in rushing into marriage,but making the best of the matter by saying that,though a dairywoman was the last daughter-in-law they could have expected,their son had arrived at an age at which he might be supposed to be the best judge.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d'Urbervilles)
译文:世事皆利弊并存。
赏析:原句结构比较特殊("It is … that …"),理解起来有点困难。“对谁都没有好处的风才是坏风”,也就是说大多数情况下风对人都是有好处、有坏处,在引申一步就是成了上面的译句。林佩耵在《中英对译技巧》一书中(第68页)还给了几个相同结构的英文句子。翻译的前提是理解。有人指出。市面上见到的翻译作品,有好多都带有因理解不正确而产生的低级错误,“信”都谈不上还妄谈什么“达”和“雅”!初学翻译的朋友,在理解原文上当不遗余力。
译文:我从来不愁找不到一个词来表达思想,而皮特则从来不愁找不到最恰当的那个词来。
赏析:理解是翻译的基础,在理解时,译者必须注意分析原文中的每一个细节,即小如冠词者也不可轻视。"a word"译为“一个词”,"the word"译成“最恰当的那个词”,都是正确理解的结果。如果对这个译文不满意,马红军在《翻译批评散论》一书中还提供了一些译法,可资比较:(1)我总能找到一个词,而皮特总能找到那个绝妙好词。(2)我总能找到一个觉得妙的词,而皮特总能找到那个绝妙的好词。(3)我总能找到一个意思相当的词,而皮特总能找到那个意思恰当的词。(4)我和皮特都能出口成章,但我用的词大都不可言妙,而他用的总是妙不可言。(5)我总是滔滔不绝,而皮特总是字字千金。
英译汉-翻译参考译文
练习1 美国印象☐我恐怕不能把美国描绘成十足的天堂——从一般角度来说,也许我对这个国家所知甚少。
我说不出它的经度或纬度;我算不出它出产谷物的价值;我对它的政治也不十分熟悉。
这些东西可能不会使你感兴趣,它们当然也不会让我感兴趣。
☐在美国上岸后得到的第一个深刻印象,就是美国人可能算不上世界上穿得最漂亮的,但却是穿得最舒服的。
那里看得到男人头戴着不堪入目的烟囱式高顶礼帽,但很少有不戴帽子的男人;还看到穿着难看至极的燕尾服的男人,但很少有不穿外套的男人。
美国人的穿戴显得舒适,这和在我国常可以看到的人们衣衫褴褛的情形形成了鲜明的对比。
☐我特别注意到的第二个特点是,似乎每个人都在急着赶火车。
这种情形对诗歌和浪漫爱情是不利的。
要是罗密欧和朱丽叶老是为乘火车而担心,或是在为返城车票而烦恼,莎士比亚就不可能写出那几幕如此富有诗意与伤感情调的阳台戏了。
☐美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。
在早晨,不是夜莺的歌声,而是汽笛的呜叫把人们唤醒。
美国人讲求实际的头脑这么健全,却没有想到要降低这种令人难以忍受的噪音,真叫人吃惊。
所有艺术都依赖于精细微妙的敏锐感觉,这样持续不断的喧嚣,最终一定会损害人的音乐天赋。
☐美国城市没有牛津、剑桥、索尔兹伯里和温彻斯特那么美丽,那些地方有优雅时代的美好遗迹;虽然不时还是可以看到许多美的东西,但只能在美国人没有存心创造美的地方。
在美国人有意创造美的地方,他们显然没有成功。
美国人的突出特点,便是他们把科学应用于现代生活的那种态度。
☐在纽约走马观花地一走,这一点就一目了然了。
在英国人们常把发明家视作狂人,发明带来的是失望与穷困的例子简直不胜枚举。
在美国发明家受到尊重,他随时可以得到人们的帮助。
在那里心灵手巧、把科技应用于人类的劳动,是致富的捷径。
没有一个国家比美国更爱机器的了。
☐或许,值得指出的是,被许多人指为美国式英语的其实是老的英国式表达,它们在我国已经消失,却在我们的殖民地里留存下来。
许多人以为美国人常说的“I guess”(“我猜”)纯粹是一种美国式表达,但约翰∙洛克在他的The understanding (《理解论》)中就用过这种说法,就像我们现在使用“I think”(“我想”)一样。
英译汉短文翻译10篇
1. Lexicography1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。
2) One is immersed in the details of language as in no other field.不像其他领域,编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。
3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海,令人耗神。
4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole往往一天辛苦工作下来,发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛,好不沮丧。
5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样,词典并非是一蹴而就的。
6)People must plan them collect information and write them. 必须先制定计划,收集材料,然后方能编写。
7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.编写词典不仅耗费时间,而且常让人受挫,甚至恼怒。
篇章翻译---英译汉
篇章翻译---英译汉We sometimes fall in with person who have seen much of the world, and of the man who, in their day, have played a conspicuous part in it, but who generalized nothing,and have no observation, in the true sense of the world. They abound in information in detail ,curious and entertaining, about men and things, and, having lived under the influence of no very clear or settled principles, religious or political, they speak of every one and everything, only as so many phenomena, which are complete in themselves, and lead to nothing, not discussing any truth, or instructing the hearer, but simple talking. No one would say that these persons, well informed as they are, had attained to any great culture or intellect or to philosophy.译文:我们有时邂逅一些熟悉世故的人,和一些曾经见过许多在其全盛时代,叱咤风云,世界安危所系的有名人物的人,但是他们却不能归纳出一点什么来,也毫无真正的观察力。
英汉翻译复习
英汉翻译复习英汉翻译复习I will build a motor car for the great multitude.我要造一种平民汽车。
It will be large enough for the family but small enough for the individual to run and care for.这种汽车,举家出游不嫌小,个人驾驶不嫌大,维护保养又方便。
It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise.它将使用最优良的材料,按照现代工程学最简洁的设计,由最优秀的工人建成。
But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one -- and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces.但是这种汽车价格低廉,工薪阶层人人都能买上一辆,都能和家人一起,在上帝那辽阔的大地上纵情驰骋,尽享欢乐。
Illness comes on horseback and goes on foot.病来如骑快马,病去步履蹒跚。
病来如山倒,病去如抽丝。
He is said to be a rough diamond.人们说他是一块浑金璞玉。
Marriage, with peace, is this world’s paradise; with strife, this life’s purgatory.和睦的婚姻,是这个世界的乐园;对抗的婚姻,是这个人生的炼狱。
英译汉短文翻译10篇
1. Lexicography1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。
2) One is immersed in the details of language as in no other field.不像其他领域,编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。
3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海,令人耗神。
4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole往往一天辛苦工作下来,发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛,好不沮丧。
5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样,词典并非是一蹴而就的。
6)People must plan them collect information and write them. 必须先制定计划,收集材料,然后方能编写。
7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.编写词典不仅耗费时间,而且常让人受挫,甚至恼怒。
英译汉短文翻译10篇
1. Lexicography1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。
2) One is immersed in the details of language as in no other field. 不像其他领域,编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。
3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海,令人耗神。
4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole往往一天辛苦工作下来,发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛,好不沮丧。
5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being 正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样,词典并非是一蹴而就的。
6)People must plan them collect information and write them. 必须先制定计划,收集材料,然后方能编写。
7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.编写词典不仅耗费时间,而且常让人受挫,甚至恼怒。
英译汉语篇翻译
一位老人是这个持枪歹徒的第一个受害者。老人先被一辆 卡车撞倒,正当他试图起身时,被击中头部。
10. Mother: Is that your coat on the floor? Son: I’ll pick it up.
妈妈:地上是你的外套吗? 儿子:这就捡起来。
Thank you
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
经济学家认为,经济衰退比预测中更加严重。 很明显,等待已久的经济衰退已经到来。许多经济学 家认为国家经济活动的衰退比先前预测的更加严重, 持续时间更长。
5. President Jimmy Carter noted that inflation is the cruelest tax that anyone can pay. Many people agree with that statement, arguing that the persistent decline in the dollar’s purchasing power hurts people directly because products cost more, and also causes a kind of psychological damage. Recent polls have shown that the average American, far from being optimistic, expects prices to rise to ever higher rates.
7. Just as man has found great uses for the materials which he can dig up from the ground so, too, he has found important uses for the gases which he can obtain from the air.
英译汉短文-译国译民翻译
• The story about us will surely go on to detail a brand-new chapter, and the foreseeable future is within our reach despite accompanying ups and downs ahead. We, as a determined team, shall get through this odyssey trip and taste the sweetness of hard-earned victory.
• 另一方面,我的工作并不是一直在不间断 的翻译。如果一个人有足够的观察力的话, 他总能在不太宽敞的办公室从静态空气里 捕捉到一些乐趣。晴朗的天气里,我经常 能从打开的窗户里瞥见万里蓝天之上,一 团团层层叠叠的白云在不时地变幻形态, 伴随着的是太阳的逐渐下沉,夕阳照亮了 金色的视界,留下华丽
• As time slips by, the seed of friendship is in silence sown, it unnoticeably germinates, buds, blooms and is about to bear fruit soon. • 译文: 随着时间的流逝,友谊的种子播种 在沉默,它在不知不觉萌发,发芽,开花 并且即将结果。 •
• 译文: 我们的故事会继续它详细崭新的一 章,同时未来在我们力所能及的范围内是 可预见的尽管前面伴随着起起落落。我们, 作为一个团队,必将通过这个长途的冒险 旅程并且品尝到来之不易的胜利的甜头。 • •
• 译文: 对我来说,最重要的是生活多有意义 而不是生活有多简单,所以它的巨大的意义是 要能发挥我的潜力到至极。然而,我从不羞于 承认参与翻译在智力和体力要求上(也不像人 们推测的那么无聊乏味)是没有乐趣。更重要 的是,当一个人愉悦地心甘情愿地沉浸于其中 时,真理的内核本身就说明翻译更多的是一个 追求完善和实现过程。从这个意义上说,翻译 是我生活的一部分,因为我长期以来的梦想最 终到达了它的目的地。
英汉翻译中英文小说
Certain Things Last(某些持续的事情)For a year now I have been thinking of writing a certain book. (这一年来,我一直想写一本有把握(在思考着写一本自己已经酝酿许久)的书)“Well, tomorrow I’ll get at it,” I’ve been saying to myself.(“好吧,明天我就完成它”过去自己一直这么说)(好,明天就开始动手写,我一直对自己这么说。
)Every night when I get into bed I think about the book(每天晚上上床睡觉时就想着那本书). The people that are to be put between its covers dance before my eyes. (那些即将出现在作品里面的角色在我眼前跳舞)I live in the city of Chicago and at night motor trucks to rumbling along the roadway outside my house. Not so very far away there is an elevated railroad and after twelve o’clock at night trains pass at pretty long intervals.(我在芝加哥生活,一到晚上,就听到家外面的公路上那些运货卡车隆隆地响。
不远处有一条高架铁路,晚上过了十二点以后火车就开始通过,相互间隔得很远)Before it began I went to sleep during one of the quieter intervals but now that the idea of writing this book has got into me I lie awake and think.(过去在十二点之前趁着那一会儿的安静空隙入睡,但现在我躺在床上思考,脑海出现了写书的想法)For one thing it is hard to get the whole idea of the book fixed in the setting of the city I live in now.(在我如今居住的城市环境中要想得到这本书确切的想法很难)I wonder if you who do not try to write books, perhaps will understand what I mean.(我很惊奇如果你没有尝试过写书,也许会明白我说什么)Maybe you will, maybe you won’t. It is a little hard to explain. You see, it’s something like this. (也许你会明白,或者不明白。
英汉互译励志短文
英汉互译励志短文英汉互译励志短文1:A Little Bit MoreToday is an e某cellent day for small improvements. Whatever is working for you, find a way to improve it just a little. There’s no need to make a huge change, just a small one, something you can do right now.If you called just one additional customer each day, over the course of the ne某t month you would talk to about 20 new people. If you learned just one more new word each day, in the ne某t year you would increase your vocabulary by more than 300 words.Small improvements can add up over time into big accomplishments. Look around you. Consider the work you do each day. Think about how you could do it just a little bit better.In a marathon race, each step the winner takes is just a little bit longer and a little bit faster than each stride taken by the100th place finisher. Yet over the course of the race, that small difference adds up in a big way.Do just a little bit more today, and tomorrow too, and each day after that. Anyone can make just a small improvement, and that can make a big, big difference.翻译:再多一点点今天就是你可以做改进的极好一天。
英语短文书虫英汉互译
英语短文书虫英汉互译1. Feeling in SnowAs soon as I walked outside, I was greeted with the shimmering white blanket of cold. Despite the chill overwhelming my skin, inside I was warm.I felt as though I could be giving off heat; I had the desire to stay out in this freeze for hours. It was the type of day that speaks to you through its elements; I took a deep breath to hear more snow was coming.As I walked I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so beautiful, so serene. It was as if time had been put temporarily on hold and I along with it. Or maybe I was the only one unpaused…Either way, the solitude was comforting, and I sensed myself floating away. I sat down on the edge of a curb and listened. All there was to hear was the wind rushing over the top of my head and circling some old, cracking leaves some yards away. To me it was the reassuring sound of nature, trying not to be forgotten.It did start to snow. None of those little flurries, but big, fat flakes which clung immediately to their surface.Then it was time to go and my reverie had to end. As I began walking again, I drifted back into this time frame, calm and cleared.Now if only I could remember where I was going.中文翻译:刚出门,便扑面而来一大片晶莹雪白的冰凉。
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PASSAGE ASince about 1800, near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a rapidly increasing rate. The supply of these fuels is limited, and electric power is very scarce in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the only source which can meet the worlds’ enormous need for power. Great progress had been made in harnessing the sun. Not only is the sun now used in cooking, but it also supplies power for such things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes. It operates telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks, hearing aids, and even communications satellites. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now being heated with solar energy.The three most significant types of solar equipment so far are the furnace, the still, and the cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air, which is then circulated through a building to make it comfortable. Solar stills are especially important because they can provide fresh water at a relatively cheap rate. Salt can be easily removed from sea water with a solar still.The most highly developed is the solar cell. Some cells are so effective that they can turn 16 per cent of the energy they receive from the sun into electric energy. One of the cell’s b iggest advantages is that it can be made either small enough to carry or large enough to produce a current that can run an automobile. Besides, it has a very long life. It is still too expensive for the average consumer. But when ways are discovered to produce it more cheaply, we can expect its use to be wide-spread.PASSAGE BMany theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy, which lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general, make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also experienced changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.PASSAGE CBelieve it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形) , painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest—curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.PASSAGE DAmtrak (美国铁路客运公司) was experiencing a down-swing in rider-ship (客运量) along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where rider-ship had been declining significantly.At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America’s standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, tile task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west.Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers—those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2) travel-lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures.Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc.) These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.PASSAGE EPeople landing at London’s Heathrow airport have something new to look at as they fly over Britain’s capital city. It is striking, simple and a little strange. The Millennium Dome is a huge semi-circle of plastic and steel and it contains the largest public space in the world. It has been built to house an exhibition of all that is best in British life, learning and leisure. The Millennium Dome was designed by Sir Richard Rogers, one of Britain’s most famous arc hitects. His work is more than just a spectacular thing to look at and walk around. It also points the way to new developments in architecture. Think of it as a giant clue to the buildings in which we will all be living and working in the near future.But buildings are also a part of history. Walking around the Forbidden City gives us a storing impression of what life was like in imperial court of China. People make judgments about what it was like to live in a particular time and placed by the buildings it produced. They express the culture of the times.British architects like Richard Rogers, Lord Norman Foster and Zahia Hadid are all aware of this responsibility. While they have different individual styles, their work also has a common theme. That is to express the values of the information age.What is an “information age” building? The Dome is a good example. After the Millennium exhibition ends, it will be used for another purpose. Just as people no longer have “jobs for life”, modern buildings are designed for a number of different uses.Another Richard Rogers building, the Pompidou Center in France, uses the idea that information is communication. Instead of being concealed in the walls, heating pipes and elevators are open to public view. The Pompidou Center is a very honest building. It tells you how it works.A typical information age building will contain large open spaces and use as much natural light as possible. It will not be shut away fro m the street. Instead it will share “public space.” The a im is to break down barriers and to encourage human contact and conversation.Richard Rogers himself says, “We used to have a highly ritualistic life where everybody went to work very early in the morning, including Saturday, came home totally exhausted and went to bed. You went on dong this until you retired or died. Society is much more fluid than it used to be. People want to go where they please—to the cinema or museums or just to meet each other. Why can’t we meet our girlfriends or boyfriends in human spaces?”For most of the 20th century, architecture was dominated by the idea of “modernism.” This was a philosophy of the industrial age which put efficiency before emotion. Factories were places to work and homes were machines for “living”. The new arch itectural thinking says that places should be adapted to people, not vice versa.PASSAGE FEvery city has its own character and whilst each is different from its neighbors, all human settlements express in their architecture and urban design some of the most significant aspects of their development. Topography and climate, the availability of different building materials, perhaps even more the evolving political, social and economic circumstances and the advance of technology by which cultural progress is measured are reflected in the form and function of our buildings.Historically some towns grew at the bridging points of rivers, some developed from military garrisons, centers of education and learning, or of religion. Some were planned but most were not.With industrialization new centers grew rapidly near the source of materials or the power to use them. Finally there were the entrepots and capitals of empires. But whatever the original reason of a city, influencing its initial form and architecture, other uses soon develop, urban prosperity and vitality depending on the quality and quantity of interaction between all the various activities, planned or unplanned, and particularly on the speed of response to changing circumstances as old industries decline only to give way to new ones.In past centuries most buildings were made of local materials in form adapted to both society and climate, only the most important being designed by architects or specialist builders who then often used imported and more durable materials. With the development of mass communication over the years all that has changed. Building designs, methods and materials are now increasingly international and standardized, changing more often in accord with the dictates of fashion than the need for efficiency.As the intended use of a building is (or should be) reflected in its design as well as the form and character of a city is a consequence of its economy and social structure. And just as buildings are altered, adapted or replaced the better to cater for new needs, often of a character quite different from earlier ones, it must be accepted that to ensure the prosperity of a community over time a human settlement, be it village, town or city, must change continually to reflect new circumstances, especially now that industries can generally be located wherever it suits the fancy or the finances of the manufacturer.Sometimes change is welcomed because it is a consequence of increased wealth or social status; but opposition frequently arises quite illogically, perhaps from an apparent dislike of any alteration to what is familiar, or because of a fear of the future, overlooking the fact that evolutionary change is the single most enduring characteristic of cities. How to control that change in order to realize the most beneficial combination of old and new is a perpetual problem, especially as the impact on development of the ever accelerating rate of innovation in international communications and public alike, who by outlook and institution are better equipped to deal with past circumstances than preparing to take opportunities that may lie ahead.PASSAGE GPASSAGE H。