桂林理工大学336艺术基础2020年考研真题试题
[全]艺术硕士《336艺术基础》考研重点
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艺术硕士《336艺术基础》考研重点考研真题精选一、名词解释1美元[中国传媒大学2019年研]答：“媚俗”是指迎合于世俗，缺乏自我思想、自我理智，只知随波逐流，和王国维的“眩惑”、叔本华的“媚美”有相同之处，都是指各种欲望的物或事对人形成的迷惑。
齐白石便说过，“作画妙在似与不似之间，太似为媚俗，不似为欺世。
”媚俗源于19世纪浪漫主义的德文词，它的原义是指戏剧上的吸引受众、矫揉造作包含了矫情虚假和趋时的意思。
米兰·昆德拉在《不能承受的生命之轻》中也提到了“媚俗”（刻奇kitch）这样一个概念。
“媚俗”无疑是昆德拉小说世界中最为重要的概念之一。
米兰·昆德拉指出媚俗就是坚持“自以为是的绝对”“多数情况下媚俗往往是指一种美化思想、拒绝真实的姿态即现代社会一种普遍的思维和行为定式”。
值得强调的是，媚俗不是庸俗、世俗、通俗。
米兰·昆德拉就指出一种“被讲过一千次的美”并认为这种美就是媚俗。
2形式主义[中国传媒大学2019年研]答：形式主义，是指在艺术、文学、哲学上，对形式而非内容的着重。
形式主义的思想根源和哲学基础是唯心主义和形而上学。
它的理论和创作实践都置内容于不顾，而把形式强调到一种绝对化的程度。
形式主义无限夸大形式的作用，否认内容的决定的、主导的地位；不具体分析事物的矛盾和不顾及事物的本质，只是按照事物的外部标志分类，取代对事物本质的认识；满足于甲乙丙丁的现象罗列，而不考虑事情的本质。
形式主义割裂形式和内容的有机联系，片面追求形式而忽视内容，是一种形而上学的观点和方法。
在艺术创作中，形式主义脱离活生生的社会生活，忽视艺术的思想内容，片面强调艺术的表现形式。
在现代资产阶级的文艺创作中，有些形式主义的流派，以各种方式宣传和实践“为艺术而艺术”的主张。
英美新批评派便认为，文学是一个独立的和独特的世界，不依赖于客观世界而存在，是一个完整的、封闭的客观实体。
他们反对“外在批评”，认为文学批评的焦点应该是作品本身，即“内在批评”。
动画考研专业试题及答案
动画考研专业试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪部动画作品是由宫崎骏执导的？A.《千与千寻》B.《龙猫》C.《你的名字》D.《攻壳机动队》答案：A2. 动画制作中，帧率通常是指每秒播放的帧数，以下哪个帧率不是常见的动画帧率？A. 12帧/秒B. 24帧/秒C. 30帧/秒D. 60帧/秒答案：D3. 在动画制作中，以下哪个术语指的是动画角色或物体在不同时间点的位置或状态？A. 关键帧B. 过渡帧C. 动作帧D. 静止帧答案：A4. 动画中，以下哪个软件不是用于2D动画制作的？A. Adobe AnimateB. Toon Boom HarmonyC. Autodesk MayaD. Corel Painter答案：C5. 动画中，以下哪个元素不是构成故事的基本要素？A. 角色B. 场景C. 情节D. 色彩答案：D6. 在动画制作中，以下哪个术语指的是动画角色或物体在运动过程中的连续变化？A. 动作捕捉B. 动作设计C. 动作模拟D. 动作渲染答案：B7. 动画中，以下哪个术语指的是在动画制作中用于模拟真实物理效果的技术？A. 物理模拟B. 动作模拟C. 声音模拟D. 光线模拟答案：A8. 在动画制作中，以下哪个术语指的是动画角色或物体的轮廓线？A. 线框B. 轮廓C. 边缘D. 边界答案：B9. 动画中，以下哪个术语指的是动画角色或物体在不同时间点的位置或状态之间的过渡？A. 过渡帧B. 关键帧C. 动作帧D. 静止帧答案：A10. 在动画制作中，以下哪个术语指的是动画中角色或物体的移动路径？A. 轨迹B. 路径C. 路线D. 导航答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 动画中，_________是指动画角色或物体在不同时间点的位置或状态。
答案：关键帧2. 在动画制作中，_________是指动画角色或物体在运动过程中的连续变化。
答案：动作设计3. 动画中，_________是指在动画制作中用于模拟真实物理效果的技术。
桂林理工大学 线性代数试卷 (2016-2017 学年度第 一 学期)
桂林理工大学考试试卷(2016-2017 学年度第 一 学期)课 程 名 称：概率统计 A卷 命 题：基础数学教研室题 号一二三总 分得 分1． 单项选择题（每小题2分，共10分）1．，则 ( )；(A) 0.7 (B) 0.4 (C) 0.58 (D) 0.82. 设，已知，，则参数各为（ ）(A) (B)(C) (D)3．设随机变量的概率分布为X012p0.250.350.4是的分布函数，则=（）（A）0.6； （B）0.35； （C）0.75； （D）0.44．设是来自正态总体的样本，其中未知，已知，则下列不是统计量的是( )(A)(B)(C) (D)5．设是来自具有数学期望为，方差为的任一总体的一个样本，则的无偏估计量为（）(A) (B)(C) (D)二．填空题（每题2分，共10分）1.设每人携带感冒病毒的概率为0.005，一个容纳4个人的办公室中存在病毒的概率为 .2.设随机变量在上服从均匀分布，则.3.设随机变量的分布函数为,则= 。
4.若与是相互独立的随机变量，且,(指数分布)，则，。
5．设随机变量X~R[0,1]，由切比雪夫不等式可得。
三．计算下列各题（共80分）1.（10分）某厂有三条流水线生产同一产品，每条流水线的产品分别占总量的30％，25％，45％，又这三条流水线的次品率分别为0.05，0.04，0.02.现从出厂的产品中任取一件，问恰好取到次品的概率是多少？此次品来自哪条生产线的概率最大？2.（14分）设随机变量的概率密度函数为 ，求（1）未知参数a； （2）写出随机变量的分布函数概率； （3）.3.（10分）设某城市成年男子的身高，问应如何设计公共汽车的车门高度，使男子与车门碰头的机会小于0.01？（精确到小数点后两位）.（）4．（14分）（工科学生做，文科学生不做）设的联合概率密度为： ，（1）求、的边缘概率密度和；（2）判断是否独立；（3）求.4．（14分）(文科学生做，工科学生不做)设二维离散型随机变量的联合分布律为Y013X-10.050.250.100.300.200.1求：（1）的概率分布; (2)并判断与的相关性。
武汉科技大学336艺术基础2015--2020(都有答案)考研真题
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姓名： 报考专业： 准考证号码： 密封线内不要写题
2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案
科目名称：艺术基础（√A卷；□B卷）科目代码：336 考试时间：3小时 满分 150 分
可使用的常用工具：□无 □计算器 □直尺 □圆规（请在使用工具前打√）
6、隋唐的佛教建筑遍布全国，留存至今的仅有两座木构架殿堂建 筑均在山西五台山，即_______ _______。
二、名词解释题( 共8 小题，每小题 3分，共24分) 1、（ 3分）艺术生产 2、（ 3分）巫术
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3、（ 3分）文化大系统 4、（ 3分）佩夫斯纳（Nikolaus Pevsner） 5、（ 3分）折衷主义 6、（ 3分）唐三彩 7、（ 3分）工艺美术运动 8、（ 3分） 1851年伦敦“水晶宫”
）
A 立体派 B 构成派 C野兽派 D 印象派
10、马第斯是（
）艺术流派的代表人物。
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A 野兽派 B 构成派 C 达达主义 D 超现实主义
11、《洛神赋图》的作者是：（
）
A 唐寅 B 张大千 C 顾恺之 D王维
12、下列属于哥特式风格的代表建筑是：（ ）
四、论述题( 共3 小题，每小题15分，共45 分) 1、（
15分）中国传统艺术精神有哪些？在艺术设计活动中如何运用这些精神 ?并适当举例说明。
答案：围绕“道”、“气”、“心、”“舞”、“悟”、“和”六个艺术精神展开。 2、（ 15分）对比论述艺术批评和设计批评的关系和不同。
答案：设计批评首先隶属于艺术批评，其都具有审美欣赏、人文因素。普
姓名： 报考专业： 准考证号码： 密封线内不要写题
336艺术基础真题答案
336艺术基础真题答案一、简答题1. 描述艺术是如何反映社会变迁的？答：艺术作为社会文化的一部分，具有反映社会变迁的作用。
艺术家通过创作作品，传达他们对社会的观察和思考。
艺术作品可以通过表现主题、内容、形式、风格等方面来反映社会变迁。
首先，艺术作品可以通过表现特定时代的主题来反映社会变迁。
不同的时代有不同的主题和关注点。
例如，19世纪的印象派艺术家们通过画家自己眼中的真实描绘和光线的自然变化，表达对现实生活和时代的观察和思考。
而20世纪初的抽象艺术家们则试图通过形式和颜色来传达内心世界和对社会的批评。
其次，艺术作品可以通过内容来反映社会变迁。
艺术家可以选择不同的主题和情感来表达他们对社会变迁的观点。
例如，20世纪60年代的美国艺术家通过创作抽象表现主义来反映他们对社会的不满和政治上的不稳定。
而现代艺术家则通过关注环境保护和社会公正等问题，以表达对当代社会问题的关切。
最后，艺术作品的形式和风格也可以反映社会变迁。
不同时期和不同地区的艺术作品会有不同的风格和表现形式。
例如，文艺复兴时期的作品注重对人体比例和透视的准确描绘，反映了当时对人类形态的重新发现和对科学的追求。
而20世纪后半期的后现代艺术作品则强调对传统形式和观念的批评和颠覆，反映了社会对现代化和全球化的质疑和反思。
因此，艺术通过主题、内容、形式和风格等方面的表现，可以反映社会变迁的不同方面和层面。
2. 列举一些对人类艺术发展产生重要影响的历史事件。
答：人类艺术发展受到许多历史事件的影响，以下是一些对人类艺术发展产生重要影响的历史事件的例子：1.文艺复兴时期：文艺复兴是欧洲文化艺术复兴的时期，对艺术发展产生了深远的影响。
文艺复兴时期的艺术追求以人类中心主义为基础，强调人的重要性和人的尊严。
这一时期的艺术家追求逼真的画面，注重人体比例和透视的准确描绘，对后来的艺术发展产生了重大影响。
2.工业革命：工业革命的发生带来了社会和经济的巨大变革，对艺术发展产生了重要的影响。
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题(A卷)835-土力学与地基基础
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）考试科目代码：835考试科目名称：土力学与地基基础（总分150分，三小时答完）考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
2．考试需带三角板、量角器、圆规、普通计算器用具一、简述题(每小题6分，共30分)1．简述土粒级配的概念及其对土体压实效果的影响。
2．简述超固结土的概念及其原始压缩曲线特征。
3．简述确定基础埋置深度时应考虑的主要因素。
4. 简述在什么情况下需进行桩基沉降计算。
5. 简述地基承载力特征值的主要影响因素。
二、论述题（每小题12分，共60分）1. 土体抗剪强度指标的室内试验方法有哪些？工程上在选择土体抗剪强度指标的试验方法时应考虑哪些主要因素？2. 在浅基础设计中，为什么要对地基承载力特征值进行深宽修正？如何修正？3. 试述桩的负摩阻力的基本概念与产生条件，以及考虑负摩阻力时单桩承载力验算的方法。
4. 试述黏性土界限含水率的基本概念、类型及其在工程中的应用。
5. 试述土体压缩系数的基本概念、变化特征及其工程应用。
三、计算题（每小题分数列于题后，共60分）1.某地基黏性土层，取原状试样进行室内土工试验。
用天平秤取50cm3的湿土质量为90.56g，烘干后质量为75.88g，土粒比重为2.70。
计算该土层土的天然密度、干密度、饱和密度、天然含水率、天然孔隙比以及饱和度。
（12分）2. 某挡土墙高5m，墙背直立、光滑，墙后填土面水平，作用有均布荷载q=30kPa。
墙后填土分两层，第一层为黏土，重度γ1＝18kN/m3，c1＝10kPa，φ1＝20º，h1＝3m；第二层为粗砂，重度为γ2＝17kN/m3，饱和重度为γsat2＝20kN/m3，c2＝0，φ2＝30º，h2＝2m，地下水埋深3m（位于两填土层的分界面）。
试求：（1）绘出主动土压力P a及水压力P w的分布图；（2）作用在挡土墙上的总主动土压力E a、水压力E w的大小；（3）作用在挡土墙上的总水平压力E a+E w的大小及作用点；（4）若地下水位下降1m，此时作用在挡土墙上的总水平压力是增大了还是减小了？（18分）3．某商厦柱基底面尺寸为4.00×4.00m，基础埋深d=2.0m。
北京大学2020考研真题
北京大学2020考研真题
336艺术基础（回忆版）
一、简答题（2*25）
1.怎样理解艺术作品的意识形态属性
2.结合具体例子什么是艺术趣味
二、论述题（50）
结合艺术史上的作品谈一谈艺术风格和其意义
三、材料题（50）
材料：：美学、社会学、心理学都只关注艺术品个别方面：美学强调形式；社会学强调社会动机；心理学强调个人动机和需要。
豪泽尔认为只有社会学、心理学和美学三者相互联系和补充才会实现艺术的整体性、体现生活的统一性。
（不完整）
1.结合材料艺术心理学和艺术社会学在研究方式和研究目的上的差异。
2.谈谈20世纪艺术社会学的著作、概念、理论。
3.结合材料，谈艺术作品中社会性的体现。
北京大学2020考研真题
861电影创意与批评（回忆版）
一、论述题
1.创作一个戏剧情境，并且包含紧张、搞笑、残酷三个元素。
2.谈谈180度轴线
3.试论述中国电影中民族传统文化的优点以及问题。
专升本考试：2020专升本《艺术概论》真题及答案(1)
专升本考试：2020专升本《艺术概论》真题及答案(1)共57道题1、下列莎士比亚的剧作中，属于悲剧的是（）（单选题）A. 《第十二夜》B. 《威尼斯商人》C. 《李尔王》D. 《仲夏夜之梦》试题答案：C2、以中国古代神话传说为基础创作的现代民族舞剧是（）。
（单选题）A. 《丝路花雨》B. 《小刀会》C. 《宝莲灯》D. 《白毛女》试题答案：C3、作为俄罗斯民族乐派的代表人物，柴可夫斯基的代表作品是( )（单选题）A. 舞剧《天鹅湖》B. 《田园交响曲》C. 《蓝色多瑙河》D. 《春之声圆舞曲》试题答案：A4、先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”这一名句的作者是（）（单选题）A. 柳宗元B. 文天祥C. 欧阳修D. 范仲淹试题答案：D5、中国相声的主要表现手法是（）（单选题）A. 表情性、造型性B. 程式化、虚拟性C. 唱、念、做、打D. 说、学、逗、唱试题答案：D6、以中国古代神话传说为基础创作的现代民族舞剧是（）（单选题）A. 《丝路花雨》B. 《小刀会》C. 《宝莲灯》D. 《自毛女》试题答案：C7、绘画名作《鸢尾花》的作者是（）（单选题）A. 凡·高B. 塞尚C. 高更D. 毕加索试题答案：A8、下列莎士比亚的剧作中，属于悲剧的是（）。
（单选题）A. 《第十二夜》B. 《威尼斯商人》C. 《李尔王》D. 《仲夏夜之梦》试题答案：C9、《骆驼祥子》从小说到电影均产生较大影响，其原著作者是（）。
（单选题）A. 鲁迅B. 老舍C. 巴金D. 茅盾试题答案：B10、书法作品《祭侄文稿》的作者是( )（单选题）A. 王羲之B. 米芾C. 怀素D. 颜真卿试题答案：D11、《骆驼祥子》从小说到电影均产生较大影响，其原著作者是（）。
（单选题）A. 鲁迅B. 老舍C. 巴金D. 茅盾试题答案：B12、绘画的主要艺术语言是（）。
（单选题）A. 构图、色彩和声音B. 镜头、场景和蒙太奇C. 画面、声音和蒙太奇D. 构图、线条和色彩试题答案：D13、“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”这一名句的作者是（）。
桂林理工大学(原桂林工学院)
桂林理工大学成人高等教育2010年招生章程学校代码：10596学校概况桂林理工大学座落在山水甲天下的国际风景旅游名城――桂林。
学校创建于1956年，原为部委属院校，1998年改制为中央与广西共建。
学校办学实力雄厚，现占地面积1700多亩，校舍面积67万多平方米，教学仪器设备总值1.3亿多元，图书馆藏书142万册。
有教职工1588人，其中专任教师1022人，专任教师中有博士生导师19人，硕士生导师290多人，教授129人，副教授336人。
有各类在校学生近30000人，其中全日制学生17000多人，成人高等教育学生10000余人。
我校成人高等教育坚持为社会主义现代化服务的方向，贯彻实施“以人为本”的教育理念，建立不断完善各项管理服务制度，注重学生专业教育和素质教育的结合，注重学生创新能力和实践能力的培养与提高，成人教育教学质量与管理经广西区教育厅评估、检查、验收定为优秀学校为适应社会主义市场经济建设的需要，我校2010年成人高等教育将面向广西全区招收高起专和专升本各类学生数千人。
学校地址：桂林市建干路12号桂林理工大学成人教育学院电话：（0773）5893063、5890096、5896463、5890858、5898383、5896673、5899729、5899819 邮政编码：541001 传真：（0773）5890096 5895107欢迎报考祝您成功！报考注意事项所有考生都必须参加全国2010年成人高等学历教育入学考试。
报考条件：专科起点升本科：已取得教育部审定核准的国民教育系列高等学校、高等教育自学考试机构颁发的专科毕业证书的人员可报考。
高中起点升专科：高中毕业或同等学历（包括职高、技校、中专等）均可报考。
报名时间和地点：凡符合条件的考生，约2010年8月中、下旬开始在广西区成人高考网上预报名，然后到所在市、县招生考试办公室现场确认。
具体时间以当地招生办公布的为准。
录取办法：在录取新生时，我校各专业招生人数将根据生源数量情况进行调整。
四川师范大学336艺术基础真题最全答案(12-18年)
第四部分336历年真题答案（12-18年）2018年一，名词解释1.表现论表现论。
也称主观精神论。
是有关艺术来自人的主观精神、情感或心理的自我表现的看法。
2.伫兴，谓蓄积感情。
伫兴。
有时艺术创作不能仅仅依据一次或两次感兴，而往往有赖于平时积累和储备感兴。
朱自清《指导大概》：“有些人觉得作诗该等候感兴，酬应的诗不会真切。
但伫兴而作的人向来大概不多。
”3.语境引导是指艺术品欣赏者所深处其中的现实语境对于艺术品接受的微妙而重要的导向作用。
4.有意味的引导5.仿象指那种大量复制、真实而又没有任何深层本源及任何所指的空洞的符号形态，与后现代主义艺术紧密相连。
一方面，艺术仿象凸显出去深度、虚无感的祛魅性理念。
另一方面，艺术仿象强调仿真性手法。
6.兴味品评是指审美过程结束之后，审美感受持续活跃，进而向欣赏者的现实生活或明或暗地推进的过程。
二，简答题1简述艺术兴格的作用.艺术兴格可以有效地将艺术品的独特性加以彰显，使得艺术品在艺术兴媒、艺术兴辞和艺术兴象的塑造后，进一步彰显出艺术品作为整体其自身拥有的独特韵调。
艺术兴格可以帮助艺术家认识自我创作的独特性所在，形成明确的个体艺术品格，进而甚至能形成有影响的艺术流派或艺术思潮。
艺术兴格可以不断挑战艺术接受者对艺术品的欣赏、判断和评价能力，使得欣赏者的艺术品评能力随着艺术兴格或微妙或明显地发展而共同进步。
艺术兴格可以逐步推动整个艺术创作、欣赏、批评范式的不断前进，“一代人又一代之文学，”同理，一代有一代之艺术，而这其中最为关键的正是能否形成黑格尔所说“独创性”意义上的艺术兴格。
2如何理解中国艺术创作论“感兴”传统“感兴”也作兴会、诗兴、兴致等。
“感，”是“感物、”“物感”之意，代表个体对事物的认知和体验；“兴”，是指从平常状态中骤然兴起、起来，代表个体身心进入一种高度兴奋状态。
重要的是，感兴被视为个体从物质生活情境中兴起、奋起而达到一种身心愉悦状态的一个标志。
其实质是符号形式中创生的人对人生意义的直觉。
桂林理工大学章程知识竞赛题
桂林理工大学章程（知识竞赛题）一、单项选择（共60题）1、桂林理工大学源于年原国家重工业部在广西组建的桂林地质学校。
A. 1962年B. 1960年C. 1956年2、学校年更名为桂林冶金地质学院，开始本科层次教育；年更名为桂林工学院；1998年，学校改制为中央与地方共建、日常管理以地方为主。
A. 1956年1978年B. 1978年1993年C. 1978年1989年3、年与年，原南宁有色金属工业学校、桂林民族师范学校先后并入学校。
A. 2001年2004年B. 1993年2000年C. 2000年2004年4、年学校更名为桂林理工大学。
A. 2008B. 2009C. 20105、学校坚持的办学理念。
A. 育人为本、质量立校、人才强校B. 教学为本、科研立校、人才强校C. 育人为本、质量立校、服务强校6、学校传承的“桂工精神”。
A. 艰苦创业、敬业奉献、团结协作、开拓创新B. 艰苦奋斗、敬业奉献、团结合作、开拓创新C. 艰苦创业、兢业奉献、团结协作、开放创新7、学校弘扬的优良校风。
A. 勤劳、求实、团结、开拓B. 勤奋、求知、创新、开放C. 勤奋、求实、献身、开拓8、学校是非营利性事业单位法人。
校长是学校的。
A. 代表B. 代表人C. 法定代表人9、学校中文名称：桂林理工大学；学校英文名称：Guilin University of Technology；中文缩写：，英文缩写：；学校网址为：。
A. 桂工GLUTB. 桂理工GLUTC. 桂工GLIET10、学校实行中国共产党桂林理工大学委员会领导下的负责制。
A. 书记B. 校长C. 教授11、学校以学生和教师为主体，以为中心，以为本位。
A. 教学学术B. 育人学术C. 教学育人12、学校是由广西壮族自治区人民政府举办的全日制普通高等学校。
学校行政主管部门是。
A. 广西壮族自治区教育厅B. 国家教育部C. 广西壮族自治区人民政府13、学校依法享有自主开展和文化传承创新活动，自主管理学校内部事务，拒绝任何组织和个人的非法干预的权利。
桂林理工大学旅游管理学硕复试真题
桂林理工大学旅游管理学硕复试真题1、下列不利于解决我国新时代社会的主要矛盾的是（）[单选题] *A.稳中求进为主基调，大力推进供给侧改革B.上海以“进口”为主题举办首届进博会。
C.上海严格推进垃圾分类工作，提高生活质量D.美国政府对中国产品征收10%的加征关税(正确答案)2、70. 消费方式主要分为钱货两清的消费和信贷消费。
* [判断题] *对(正确答案)错3、一个国家、一个民族，发展中更基本、更深沉、更持久的力量是（）[单选题] *A.道路自信B.理论自信C.制度自信D.文化自信(正确答案)4、矛盾学说的精髓是（）。
[单选题] *A.内因和外因辩证关系的原理B.矛盾同一性和斗争性辩证关系的原理C.矛盾普遍性和特殊性辩证关系的原理(正确答案)D.矛盾发展的不平衡性原理5、中国共产党人的初心和使命是（? ）[单选题] *A.自觉坚持党的领导和我国社会主义制度B.中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴(正确答案)C.坚持并深入推进党的建设新的伟大工程D.推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业6、2. 十一届全国人大二次会议期间，近3000名全国人大代表着眼于应对国际金融危机、保持经济平稳较快发展，着眼于保障和改善民生、维护社会和谐稳定，提出了建议、批评和意见。
这充分说明了（）是社会主义民主政治的一项重要内容。
[单选题] *A、加强领导B、保持稳定C、政治参与(正确答案)D、改善民生7、关于中国特色社会主义进入了新时代，下列说法正确的是（）[单选题] *A.在新的历史条件下，继续夺取中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的时代(正确答案)B.开启我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的新时期的伟大转折C.基本形成了我国全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放崭新格局。
D.以建立我国社会主义市场经济体制目标为标志的进入新的阶段8、下列属于五四运动以来我国发生的三大里程碑的历史性事件，是近代以来实现中华民族伟大复兴的三大里程碑的是（? ?）建立中国共产党②成立中华人民共和国推进改革开放和中国特色社会主义事业④辛亥革命[单选题] *A.①②③(正确答案)B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④9、中美的贸易战争引发多方关注，人们担心带来经济复苏缓慢乃至引发新一轮的经济危机。
桂林理工大学630综合英语2020年考研真题
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）考试科目代码：630考试科目名称：综合英语 （总分150分，三小时答完） 考生注意：请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
Part I Structure and Expression (30分,每题1分)Directions: In this section there are 30 sentences followed by four multiple choices. Choose one to complete the sentences. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. A child with healthy appetite rarely dislikes food _____ it is badly cooked.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. in that2.No one can be _____ hasty in making the decision as it is such a critical case.A. veryB. soC. tooD. that3._____ students have certain “gift” in common, they should be grouped together.A. WhileB. WhereC. WhenD. As4. his graduation, he found a job with a decent income.A. AtB. DuringC. WithD. Upon5.If these human initiatives are aided by special quality-control instruments, machines, andscientific sampling procedures, _______.A. so much the betterB. the much betterC. so it’ll be betterD. be it the better6. writers, like Flaubert, will spend days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right.A. CarefulB. CautiousC. ScrupulousD. Prudent7.And the polluted water does not merely the life of the sea but threatens the people whoinhabit and visit its shores.A. stiffB. strifeC. stifleD. strive8.Such diseases as typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, polio, viral hepatitis and food poisoning are_______ in the area, and there are periodic outbreaks of cholera.A. epidemicB. endemicC. rifeD. rampant9.An even greater risk in the ageing underground gas-pipes.A. larksB. luresC. lurchesD. lurks10.Anti-materialists tent to the importance of things.A. deriveB. derideC. depriveD. driveter school start time’s contribution to teenagers’ academic performance is not an one.A. suspiciousB. vagueC. equivocalD. equivalent12.The undeveloped technology of the period the construction of more delicate walls.A. secludedB. precludedC. concludedD. deluded13.Human beings feature their creative ability to trivial impulses into momentous consequences.A. transformB. translateC. transmuteD. transmit14.Hypocrisy is the that vice pays to virtue.A. contributeB. attributeC. distributeD. tribute15.Most of his study time is _____ by computer games.A. absorbedB. ingestedC. digestedD. devoured16.Mary is very as she is constantly changing her mind.A. suspiciousB. capriciousC. deliciousD. precarious17.The rich ___ themselves from contact with the poor.A. residedB. retreatedC. secludedD. groped18.He found it hard to choose furniture that was ____ with the modern style of the house.A. constantB. consistentC. consequentD. constituent19.One’s _____ remark at the wrong moment could ruin the whole plan.A. indiscreetB. improperC. inappropriateD. impossible20.The average Chinese people will _____ themselves for years to buy a house.A. stingB. stinkC. stintD. stir21.Our progress was _____ by the extreme weather.A. hamperedB. forbiddenC. stoppedD. suspended22.The negotiation had reached a(n)_____, with both parties refusing to make compromise.A. dilemmaB. difficultyC. embarrassmentD. impasse23.This new laser printer is _____ with all leading software.A. comparableB. competitiveC. compatibleD. cooperative24.Problems have been _____ by long neglect.A. evacuatedB. agitatedC. decapitatedD. aggravated25.A visitor must _____ to the customs of the country where he lives.A. informB. conformC. confirmD. affirm26.It is far too difficult for the young adult to _____ between truth and falsehood.A. discernB. discardC. disperseD. disregard27.In the _____ light I could hardly make out the way home.A. frailB. failingC. failedD. fail28.Drinking water before your meal will take the _____ off your hunger.A. edgeB. edictC. edibleD. eddy29.Those who are _____ of profits will not always be happy.A. insatiableB. fondC. insaneD. critical30.It _____ on me that Johnson had been making us nobody but a fool all along.A. dweltB. dawnedC. restedD. layPart II Figure of Speech (10分,每题1分)Directions: Identify the figure of speech in each of the following sentences. Choose the best answer from the box and write the corresponding letters of your answers on the Answer Sheet.A. MetaphorB. SimileC. OxymoronD. PersonificationE. AlliterationF.ContrastG. EuphemismH. MetonymyI.Transferred EpithetJ. Parallelism1. I wandered lonely as a cloud that floats over valleys and hills.2. The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth.3. Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.4. A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts.5. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.6. He was both out of pocket and out of spirits by that catastrophe, failed in his health andprophesied the speedy ruin of the empire.7. Technological progress has merely provided us with more efficient means for going backwards.8. The American society saw a gnawing poverty during the tears of the Great Depression.9. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.10. Nest to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.Part III Blank Filling (20分,每题1分)Directions: Choose a proper word from the box to fill in each blank in the following passage. Each word can be used only once. Write the corresponding letters of your answers on the Answer Sheet.A.fitB.theirC.thereforeD.risksE.requirementsF.withoutG.littleH.partlyI.out ofJ.basisK.appeal L.its M.majority N.however O.jobP.disregarding Q.no R.consideration S.Moreover T.occupation Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 4 position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 5 enter into a broad flexible training program that will 6 them for a field of work rather than for a single 7 . Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 8 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 9 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 10 . Some drift from job to job. Others 11 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 12 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students -- or their parents for them -- choose the professional field, 13 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 14 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “White-collar” job is 15 good reason for choosing it as life’s work. 16 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 17 of young people should give serious 18 to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 19 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take 20 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.Part IV Paraphrase (20分,每题2分)Directions: Explain the following sentences in your own words and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English.2. This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries.3. Much of human existence consists of efforts aimed at making sure that things don’t go wrong, fall apart, break down, or stop running until a decent interval has elapsed after manufacture.4. The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it, runs counter to the grain of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of poverty.5. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.6. Finally, with both of us combining our linguistic and imaginative resources, finally, after what seems another hour, we decode it.7. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally.8. So, for me, one of the keenest pleasures of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction.9. Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since the initial outlay upon equipment or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.10. For all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.Part V Word Formation (10分,每题1分)Directions: Write out the full form of the following words and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. ASEAN2. APEC3. CIIE4. BRICS5. NBC6. e-cigar7. radar8. Brexit9. motel 10. ecotourismPart VI General Knowledge (10分,每题1分)Directions: Choose the best answer to each of the 10 multiple-choice questions. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. _____is the capital of Canada.A.VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD.York2. U.S. presidents normally serve a (n) _____ term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year3. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.4. _____is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic ChurchB. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England5. The novel Emma is written by_____.A. Mary ShelleyB. Charlotte BrontëC. Elizabeth C. GaskellD. Jane Austen6. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George C. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.7. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for _____.A. his poemsB. his playsC. his short storiesD. his novels8. Syntax is the study of _____.A. language functionsB. sentence structuresC. textual organizationD. word formation9. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Productivity.C. Cultural transmission.D. Finiteness.10. The speech act theory was first put forward by _____.A. John SearleB. John AustinC. Noam ChomskyD. M.A.K. HallidayPart VII Proof Reading and Error Correction (10分,每题1分)Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet .For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ ^ ” and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like the personality of an organization, or simply as “how things are done around here.” It guides what employees think, act, and feel. Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization,and include such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed inthe company’s mission statement and other communications, in thearchitectural style or interior decoration, by what people wear towork, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given to various employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of apotential employer? The truth is that you will never really know thecorporate culture after you have worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research andobservation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, startingwith the research before the interview and ending with observation at the interview. The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lotof time on the work environment and to be happy, successful, andproductive, you will want to be in a place where you fit for the culture, a place where you can have voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth.1._______2._______3._______4._______5._______6._______7._______8._______9._______10._______Part VIII Reading Comprehension (40分,每题2分)Directions: In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and mark your answers on the Answer Sheet .TEXT AStratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare MemorialTheatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’sall deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.1.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.A. the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the two branches of the RSC are not on good termsD. the townsfolk earn little from tourism2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseersC. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoersD. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater3.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that________.A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid4.According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableD. the theatre attendance is on the rise5.From the text we can conclude that the author ________.A. is supportive of both sidesB. favors the townsfolk’s viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympathetic to the RSCTEXT BMany things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.6.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that________.A. poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or musicB. art grows out of both positive and negative feelingsC. poets today are less skeptical of happinessD. artists have changed their focus of interest7.The word “bummer” (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.A. religiousB. unpleasantC. entertainingD. commercial8.In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy artB. is a cause of disappointment for the general publicC. replaces the church as a major source of informationD. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself9.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.A. happiness more often than not ends in sadnessB. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshingC. misery should be enjoyed rather than deniedD. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms10.Which of the following is true of the text?A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.B. Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.C. People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.D. Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.TEXT CNot long after the telephone was invented, I assume, a call was placed. The caller was a parent saying, “your child is bullying my child, and I want it stopped!” The bully’s parent replied, “you must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel.”A trillion phone calls later, the conversation is the same. When children are teased or tyrannized, the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant. But these days, as studies in the U.S. show that bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline, researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever. Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and don’t really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts.When you call parents, you want them to “extract the cruelty” from their bullying children, says Laura Kavesh, a child psychologist in Evanston, Illinois. “But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel. They won’t believe it.” In a recent police department survey in Oak Harbor, Washington, 89% of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior. Yet only 18% of parents thought their children would act as bullies.In a new U.S.PTA survey, 5% of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying. But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted, causing tempers to flare. Instead, they say, parents should get objective outsiders, like principals, to mediate.Meanwhile, if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying, listen without getting defensive. That’s what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spit in another boy’s food. Her son had confessed, but the victim’s mom “wanted to make sure my son hadn’t given her son a nasty disease,” says McHugh, who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh’s son that his bad behavior was being taken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents Coach Kids, a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results. All were negative.Remember: once you make a call, you might not like what you hear. If you have an itchy dialing finger, resist temptation. Put it in your pocket.11. The word “bullying” probably means______.A. frightening and hurtingB. teasingC. behaving like a tyrantD. laughing at12. Calling to a bully’s parent ______.A. has long existed but changed its contentB. is often done with careful thinkingC. often leads to blaming and misunderstandingD. is used to warn the child not to do it again13. According to the surveys in the U.S., _______.A. bullying among adults is also risingB. parents are not supervising their children wellC. parents seldom believe bulliesD. most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying14. When bullying occurs, parents should_______.A. help the bulling child get rid of crueltyB. resort to the mediatorC. avoid getting too protectiveD. resist the temptation of calling15. Laura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.A. her son confessed to being wrongB. she was afraid to annoy the boy’s parentC. he was likely to be affected by these diseasesD. she wanted to teach her own son a lessonTEXT DFor thousands of Canadians, bad service is neither make-believe nor amusing. It is an aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behavior ranging from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physical violence. Across the country, better business bureaus report a lengthening litany of complaints about contractors, car dealers, and repair shops, moving companies, airlines and department stores. There is almost an adversarial feeling between businesses and consumers.Experts say there are several explanations for ill feeling in the marketplace. One is that customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers responded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1～800 numbers and voice mail. Another factor is that business generally has begun placing more emphasis on getting customers than on keeping them. Still another is that strident, frustrated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them even less hospitable -- especially at busier times of the year like Christmas. On both sides, simple courtesy has gone by the board. And for a multitude of consumers, service went with it.The Better Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complaints a week, twice as many as five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now has four. People complain about being insulted, having their intelligence and integrity questioned, and being threatened. One will hear about people being hauled almost bodily out the door by somebody saying things like “I don’t have to serve you!” or “This is private property, get out and don’t come back! ” What can customers do? If the bureau’s arbitration process fails to settle a dispute, a customer’s only recourse is to sue in claims court. But because of the costs and time it takes, relatively few ever do.There is a lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victim to generational change. Many young people regard retailing as just a bead-end job that you're just going to do temporarily on your way to a real job. Young clerks often lack both knowledge and civility. Employers have to train young people in simple manners because that is not being done at home. Salespeople today, especially the younger ones, have grown up in a television-computer society where they’ve interacted largely with machines. One of the biggest complaints from businesses about graduates is the lack of inter-personal skills.What customers really want is access. They want to get through when they call, they don’t want busy signals, they don’t want interactive systems telling them to push one for this and two for。
桂林理工大学877C语言程序设计2020年考研真题
{
int i=0, a[]={3,4,5,4,3};
do{
a[i]++;
}while(a[++i]<5);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
return 0;
}
A. 45654 B.34543 C.45554 D.45543
6．以下程序的输出结果是()。
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目代码：877
考试科目名称：C语言程序设计A卷
（总分150分，三小时答完）
考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
2．考试需带╳╳╳用具
一、选择题（每小题2分，共30分）
1．以下()是错误的整型常量。
A.-0xabcdefB．018C．0x29D．011
return 0;
}
A.2B.18C.10D.不确定
7．以下程序段的运行结果是()。
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int a[12]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}, *p[4],i;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
p[i]=&a[i*3];
printf("%d\n",p[3][2]);
int main()
{
int sum=0,item=0;
while (item<5)
{
item++;
sum+=item;
if(sum>=8)
2020考研试题及答案
2020考研试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列哪项不是考研英语的考察内容？A. 阅读理解B. 完形填空C. 翻译D. 写作答案：B2. 考研数学中，线性代数部分的分值占比是多少？A. 20%B. 30%C. 40%D. 50%答案：A3. 考研政治理论考试中，下列哪一项不属于考试内容？A. 马克思主义哲学B. 毛泽东思想C. 邓小平理论D. 法律基础答案：D4. 下列哪项是考研英语写作部分的常见题型？A. 论述文B. 记叙文C. 说明文D. 诗歌答案：A5. 考研复试中，通常不包括以下哪项内容？A. 面试B. 笔试C. 体检D. 体育测试答案：D6. 考研初试中，英语一和英语二的主要区别是什么？A. 难度B. 题型C. 考试时间D. 考试地点答案：B7. 考研数学中，哪个部分主要考察学生的逻辑推理能力？A. 高等数学B. 线性代数C. 概率论与数理统计D. 常微分方程答案：A8. 考研政治理论考试中，哪一项是考试的重点？A. 时事政治B. 马克思主义哲学C. 毛泽东思想D. 中国特色社会主义理论体系答案：D9. 考研英语阅读理解部分，通常考察哪些能力？A. 词汇量B. 语法知识C. 逻辑推理D. 所有选项答案：D10. 考研复试中，面试环节通常考察哪些方面？A. 专业知识B. 学术背景C. 个人品质D. 所有选项答案：D二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 考研英语阅读理解中，常见的题型包括以下哪些？A. 细节理解题B. 推理判断题C. 主旨大意题D. 词汇理解题答案：ABCD2. 考研数学中，高等数学部分主要包括哪些内容？A. 微分学B. 积分学C. 常微分方程D. 线性代数答案：ABC3. 考研政治理论考试中，下列哪些是考试的主要内容？A. 马克思主义哲学B. 毛泽东思想C. 邓小平理论D. 法律基础答案：ABC4. 考研英语写作部分，常见的题型包括以下哪些？A. 图表作文B. 议论文C. 应用文D. 记叙文答案：ABC5. 考研复试中，面试环节通常考察哪些方面？A. 专业知识B. 学术背景C. 个人品质D. 英语口语答案：ABCD三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 请简述考研英语阅读理解的解题技巧。
桂林理工大学《误差理论与测量平差基础》考试试卷(含参考答案)
桂林理工大学《误差理论与测量平差基础》考试试卷一、名词解释1.观测条件2.偶然误差3.精确度4.多余观测5.权6.权函数式7.相对误差椭圆8.无偏性二、填空题1.观测误差包括偶然误差、、。
2.偶然误差服从分布，其图形越陡峭，则方差越。
3.独立观测值L1和L2的协方差为。
4.条件平差的多余观测数为减去。
5.间接平差的未知参数协因数阵由计算得到。
6.观测值的权与精度成关系，权越大，则中误差越。
7. 中点多边形有个极条件和个圆周条件。
8. 列立测边网的条件式时，需要确定与边长改正数的关系式。
9. 秩亏水准网的秩亏数为 个 。
三、 问答题1. 写出协方差传播律的应用步骤。
2. 由最小二乘原理估计的参数具有哪些性质？3. 条件平差在列立条件式时应注意什么？什么情况下会变为附有参数的条件平差？4. 如何利用误差椭圆求待定点与已知点之间的边长中误差？5. 为什么在方向观测值的误差方程式里面有测站定向角参数？6. 秩亏测角网的秩亏数是多少？为什么？7. 什么是测量的双观测值？举2个例子说明。
8. 方向观测值的误差方程式有何特点？四、 综合题1. 下列各式中的Li （i=1,2,3）均为等精度独立观测值，其中误差为σ，试求X 的中误差：(1) 321)(21L L L X ++= ，(2)321L L L X =。
2. 如图1示，水准网中A,B,C 为已知高程点，P1,P2,P3为待定点，h1～h6为高差观测值，按条件平差方法，试求： （1） 全部条件式； （2） 平差后P2点高程的权函数式。
3. 如图2示，测边网中A,B,C 为已知点，P 为未知点，观测边长为L1～L3，设P 点坐标P X 、P Y 为参数，按间接平差方法，试求： （1） 列出误差方程式； （2） 按矩阵符号写出法方程及求解参数平差值的公式； （3） 平差后AP 边长的权函数式。
4. 在条件平差中，0=+∆WA ，试证明估计量^L 为其真值~L 的无偏估计。