15-3 Art History

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听力主题难度分类表

Conv ersati on 部分难TPO 类型主题度TPO5 C1 inquiry Adjustment to life at university 1TPO5 C2 assignment Prerequisites for a film theory course 3 TPO6 C1 community activities Attend a career fair 2 TPO6 C2 assignment The plan for term paper 3 TPO7 C1 campus work Volunteer to help organize a party 2TPO7 C2 campus life Learn about the library's resources21 TPO8 C1 inquiry Submit a document for graduation 3TPO8 C2 assignment A strategy for attracting customers21TPO9 C1 assignment Advice on a term paper's topic 3 TPO9 C2 campus life Return a sociology book 1 TPO10 C1 assignment How to get photographs exhibited 2 TPO10 C2 campus life Return a literature book 2 TPO11 C1 community activities Use the gym pass 1 TPO11 C2 campus work Work for the biology committee 2 TPO12 C1 assignment Revise a Hemingway paper 2 TPO12 C2 campus work A problem of the TA's payroll 3 TPO13 C1 research project Understand the assignment in psychology course 1 TPO13 C2 campus life How to use language lab 1 TPO14 C1 campus life Locate a political book 2 TPO14 C2 select course Prepare for a career in journalism 2 TPO15 C1 campus work The campus newspaper's reporter position 2TPO15 C2 assignment Performance on a biology exam2 TPO16 C1 community activities Reserve the room for a rehearsal 2 TPO16 C2 assignment Reschedule the medieval history test 1 TPO17 C1 assignment Find materials for an opera paper 2 TPO17 C2 campus work Reschedule part-time job in campus dining hall 2 TPO18 C1 campus work Apply for a part-time job on campus 2 TPO18 C2 campus work Possible participation in a sociology project 2Lecture 部分TPO 类型主题整体难度文章难易题目难易TPO1 L1 art history Rose Frantzen2 2 2TPO1 L2 geology Uranium-Lead Dating 3 32 TPO1 L3 archaeology Catalhoyuk 3 3 2 TPO1 L4 biology behavior Marmots 1 1 1 TPO2 L1 psychology Behaviorism 1 2 1 TPO2 L2 botany Manila Hemp 1 2 1 TPO2 L3 philosophy Aristotle 2 2 1 TPO2 L4 astronomy Bode's Law 3 2 1 TPO3 L1 biology behavior Humming Birds 2 2 2 TPO3 L2 art Jean Painleve 1 2 1 TPO3 L3 art history Chauvet Paintings 1 2 1 TPO3 L4 astronomy Spectroscopy 2 3 2 TPO4 L1 biology behavior Displacement Activity 3 3 2 TPO4 L2 literature Emerson's Self-reliance 3 3 2 TPO4 L3 geology Moving Rocks 1 2 1 TPO4 L4 history Government Support for Arts 2 2 1 TPO5 L1 sociology Meme 2 2 2 TPO5 L2 astronomy Moon Landing 3 3 2 TPO5 L3 chemistry Spectroscopy 3 3 2 TPO5 L4 literature Folk Tales and Fairy Tales 3 3 2 TPO6 L1 business Boom and Bust 3 3 3 TPO6 L2 botany Nightcap Oak 2 2 2 TPO6 L3 literature Character Sketch 1 1 1 TPO6 L4 geology Climate Change in Sahara Desert 3 3 2 TPO7 L1 drama the Well-made Play 2 2 2TP07 L2 biology Bats' Use of Ultrasound 3 32 TP07 L3 anthropology Iroquois people & Birch Tree 2 2 2TPO7 L4 geology Glacial Movement 3 32TPO8 L1 biology behavior Active Habitat Selection 3 32 TPO8 L2 art history Women Artists in Paris 1 2 1 TPO8 L3 history Vision Correction 2 2 2 TPO8 L4 chemistry The Periodic Table of Elements 2 3 2 TPO9 L1 drama Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg 3 3 3 TPO9 L2 environmental science Shrubs in Tundra 3 3 3 TPO9 L3 geology Desert Lakes 2 3 2 TPO9 L4 linguistics Features of Human Language 2 2 2TPO 类型主题整体难度文章难易题目难易TPO10 L1 biology Whales 2 2 2 TPO10 L2 history American Food Crops 2 2 2 TPO10 L3 environmental science Phosphorus Cycle 1 1 1 TPO10 L4 psychology Childhood Amnesia 3 3 3 TPO11 L1 biology behavior Distraction Display 1 2 1 TPO11 L2 architecture Cape Cod House 1 1 1 TPO11 L3 environmental science Landscape & Climate 1 2 1 TPO11 L4 business Advertising 1 2 1 TPO12 L1 biology Cell Division 3 3 2 TPO12 L2 business Managing by Wandering Around 2 2 1 TPO12 L3 music Opera 3 3 2 TPO12 L4 environmental science Solar Energy 1 2 1 TPO13 L1 architecture Pedestrian Malls 1 2 1 TPO13 L2 environmental science Interrelationships 2 2 2TP013 L3 literature Medieval Poetry2 2 2 TP013 L4 astronomy Meteorites 3 3 2TPO14 L1 psychology Cognition2 2 2TPO14 L2 biology Microclimate2 2 2TPO14 L3 astronomy Seafarers and Stars2 2 2TPO14 L4 archaeology Passage Graves 3 32 TPO15 L1 psychology Distraction3 3 2 TPO15 L2 geology Geologic Time Periods 3 3 2 TPO15 L3 art history Palimpsest 3 3 3 TPO15 L4 biology Biological community 1 2 1 TPO16 L1 geology Lechuguilla Cave 3 3 3 TPO16 L2 music Piano 1 2 1 TPO16 L3 biology behavior Foraging Behavior Among Beavers 1 1 1 TPO16 L4 art history Stained Glass Art 2 2 2 TPO17 L1 art history Prehistoric Art Dating 1 2 1 TPO17 L2 environmental science Milankovitch Hypothesis 2 2 2 TPO17 L3 history Ancient Egyptian Calendar 1 1 1 TPO17 L4 biology Octopus 1 2 1 TPO18 L1 astronomy Sunspots 1 2 1 TPO18 L2 art history Copies of Greek Sculptures 1 2 1 TPO18 L3 history Spices 2 3 2 TPO18 L4 biology North American Wood Frog 2 3 2 TPO19 L1 linguistics Family Tree Model 1 1 1 TPO19 L2 astronomy Difficulties in Astronomy 3 3 2 TPO19 L3 botany Plants in Salt Marshes 3 3 2 TPO19 L4 art Cecilia Beaux 3 3 3 TPO20L1 linguistics Gricean Maxims 2 3 3TPO20 L2 environmental science Interglacial Periods 3 32TPO20 L3 literature Folk Tales2 2 2TPO 类型主题整体难度文章难易题目难易TPO20 L4 biology Snowshoe Hare1 1 1 TPO21 L1 astronomy Geocentric Theory 3 32 TPO21 L2 computer science Software Development 1 1 1 TPO21 L3 biology Snake Evolution Theory 3 3 2 TPO21 L4 art Alice Neel 3 3 2 TPO22 L1 anthropology State Formation 1 2 1 TPO22 L2 astronomy Faint Young Sun Paradox 3 3 3 TPO22 L3 biology Pleistocene Rewilding 3 3 3 TPO22 L4 music Musicians & Film Industry 1 2 1 TPO23 L1 archaeology Antikythera Mechanism 3 3 2 TPO23 L2 environmental science Earth Radiation Budget 1 2 1 TPO23 L3 biology Dolphin's Navigation 1 1 1 TPO23 L4 dance Screen Dance 2 3 1 TPO24 L1 biology Crocodile Vocalization 2 2 2 TPO24 L2 dance Modern Dance 3 3 2 TPO24 L3 archaeology Megafauna 1 2 1 TPO24 L4 astronomy Shield Volcanoes on Venus 1 1 1 TPO25 L1 biology behavior Assisted Migration Conservation 2 3 2 TPO25 L2 music Bela Bart k 1 2 1 TPO25 L3 history Egyptian Hieroglyphs 3 3 2 TPO25 L4 biology behavior Play 2 2 2 TPO26 L1 business Green Marketing 3 3 3 TPO26 L2 biology Carbon Cycling 2 3 2TPO26 L3 astronomy Comets1 31TPO26 L4 art history Archimedes Palimpsest 2 2 2 TPO27 L1 biology Coral Reefs Marine 3 3 3TPO27 L2 music Cremonese Violins2 32TPO27 L3 biology Sauropod 3 3 2 TPO27 L4 art Primary Colors 2 3 2 TPO28 L1 philosophy Foundationalism 1 2 1 TPO28 L2 biology behavior Mirror Self-Recognition 3 3 3 TPO28 L3 botany Plants' Photoreceptors 1 2 1 TPO28 L4 archaeology Gonur-depe 2 3 2 TPO29 L1 environmental science Pedodiversity Plant 2 2 2 TPO29 L2 architecture Reverberation 2 2 2 TPO29 L3 archaeology Clovis People & Caches 2 2 2 TPO29 L4 astronomy Carbon Nanotubes 2 3 2 TPO30 L1 psychology Metacognition 2 3 2 TPO30 L2 geology Oviraptor 3 3 3 TPO30 L3 astronomy Jarosite 2 3 2 TPO30 L4 music Electric Guitar 2 2 2 TPO31 L1 music Music in Ancient Greece 2 2 2 TPO31 L2 geology Plate Drift 1 3 1TPO 类型主题整体难度文章难易题目难易TPO31 L3 biology Decline of Coral Reefs 2 2 2 TPO31 L4 anthropology the Botai Culture 2 2 2 TPO32 L1 archaeology Ancient Bananas 1 2 1 TPO32 L2 environmental science Relationships among Species 1 2 1 TPO32 L3 geology the Copper Basin 2 2 2TPO32 L4 architecture Harriet Morrison Irwin 3 3 3 TPO33 L1 archaeology the Great Pyramid 3 3 3 TPO33 L2 environmental science Colorado's Water 2 3 2TPO33 L3 biology Notothenioids 2 3 2 TPO33 L4 architecture the Renaissance Gardens 3 3 3TPO34 L1 art history Dadasim 3 3 3TPO34 L2 environmental science APS Digestion 3 3 2TPO34 L3 botany Plants and Pollinators 2 3 2 TPO34 L4 business The Life Cycle of Innovation 2 3 2。

【托福听力资料】托福tpo15听力文本-lecture3

【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本-Lecture 3众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。

相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

TPO 15 Lecture 3 Art HistoryNarrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.Professor:Now in Europe in the Middle Ages before the invention of printing and theprinting press, all books, all manuscripts were hand-made. And the materialtypically used for the pages was parchment, which is animal skin that’sstretched and dried under tension, so it become s really flat and can be writtenon . During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became thepredominant material for books in Europe, but prior to that, it was parchment.Parchment is durable, much more so than paper, and it could be reused which camein handy since it was a costly material and in short supply, so it wasn ’ tuncommon for the scribes or monks who produced the manuscripts .Ah, remember before printing books were made mainly in monasteries . Well,the scribes often recycled the parchment that’d been used for earliermanuscripts. They simply erased the ink off the parchment and wrote somethingnew in its place A manuscript page that was written on, erased and then usedagain is called a palimpsest.Palimpsests were created, well, we know about two methods that were used forremoving ink from parchment. In the late Middle Ages, it was customary to scrapeaway the surface of the parchment with an abrasive, which completely wiped outany writing that was there. But earlier in the Middle Ages, the original ink was usually removed by washing the used parchment with milk. That removed the ink.But with the passing of time, the original writing might reappear. In fact , it might reappear to the extent that scholars could make out and even decipher the original text.Perhaps, the most famous example is the Archimedes’ palimpsest.Archimedes lived in Greece around 200 BCE, and as you probably know, he’s considered one of the greatest Mathematicians who ever lived, even though many of his writings had been lost , including what many now think to be his most important work called The Method .But in 1998, a book of prayers from the Middle Ages sold in an art auction for a lot of money, more money than anyone would pay for a damaged book from the12th century. Beautiful or not, why? It had been discovered that the book was apalimpsest, and beneath the surface writing of the manuscript laid, guess what?Mathematical theorems and diagrams from Archimedes.Archimedes’ writings were originally done on papyrus scrolls. Then in the 10 th century, a scribe made a copy on parchment of some of his texts and diagrams including, as it turns out, The Method . This was extremely fortunate, since later on, the original papyrus scrolls disappeared. About 200 years later in the12 th century, this parchment manuscript became a palimpsest when a scribe usedthe parchment to make a prayer book. So the pages, the pieces of parchmentthemselves, had been preserved. But the Archimedes’ text was erased and written over, and no one knew it existed.It wasn’t until 1906 that a scholar came across the prayer book in a library and realized it was a palimpsest, and that the underlying layer of texts could only have come from Archimedes. That was when his work The Method was discovered for the first time.Um... the palimpsest then went through some more tough times, but eventually it ended up in an art auction where was bought and then donated to an art museum in Baltimore, for conservation and study. To avoid further damage to the manuscript, the research team at the art museum has had to be extremely selective in the techniques they used to see the original writing. They’ve used ultraviolet light and some other techniques, and if you’re interested in that sort of thing, you can learn more about it in an art conservation class.But actually, it was a physicist who came up with a method that was a breakthrough. He realized that the iron in the ancient ink would display if exposed to a certain X-ray imaging method, and except for small portions of the text that couldn’t be deciphered, this technique’s been very helpful in seeing Archimedes’ texts and drawings through the medieval overwriting.。

【托福英语】History

HistoryT3-2 FILMcategory ['kætɪg(ə)rɪ] n. 种类，分类establish [ɪ'stæblɪʃ; e-] vt. 建立；创办；安置hybrid ['haɪbrɪd] n. 杂种，混血儿；混合物conform to符合；遵照classify ['klæsɪfaɪ] vt. 分类；分等confusing [kən'fju:ziŋ] v. 使迷惑；使混乱不清（confuse的ing形式）adj. 混乱的;令人困惑的fuse [fjuːz] v. 融合；熔化，熔融fiction ['fɪkʃ(ə)n] n. 小说；虚构，编造；谎言element ['elɪm(ə)nt] n. 元素；要素aquatic [ə'kwætɪk; -'kwɒt-]adj. 水生的；水栖的creature ['kriːtʃə] n. 动物，生物；人；创造物display [dɪ'spleɪ] vt. 显示；表现；陈列mollusk ['mɒləsk] n. [无脊椎] 软体动物narration [nə'reɪʃ(ə)n] n. 叙述，讲述；故事portray [pɔː'treɪ] vt. 描绘；扮演uncanny [ʌn'kænɪ] adj. 神秘的；离奇的；可怕的suspicious [sə'spɪʃəs] adj. 可疑的；怀疑的；多疑的innovator ['ɪnə,vetɚ] n. 改革者，创新者investigate [ɪn'vestɪgeɪt] v. 调查；研究documentary [dɒkjʊ'ment(ə)rɪ] n. 纪录片artistic [ɑː'tɪstɪk] adj. 艺术的；风雅的；有美感的incorporate [ɪn'kɔːpəreɪt] vt. 包含，吸收；体现；把……合并straightforward [streɪt'fɔːwəd] adj. 简单的；坦率的；明确的1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?A.To discuss the style of an early filmmakerB.To describe different types of filmmaking in the 1930sC.To discuss the emergence of the documentary filmD.To describe Painleve’s influence on today’s science-fiction films2.Why are Painleve’s films typical of the films of the 1920s and 1930s?A.They do not have soundB.They are filmed underwaterC.They are easy to understandD.They difficult to categorize3.According to the professor, how did Painleve’s film confuse the audience?A.They show animals out of their natural habitatB.They depict animals as having both human and animal characteristicsC.The narration is scientific and difficult to understandD.The audiences of the 1920s and 1930s were not used to films shot underwater4.Why does the professor mention sea horses?A.To explain that they were difficult to film in the 1930sB.To point out that Cousteau made documentaries about themC.To illustrate Pianleve’s fascination with unusual animalsD.To explain why Painleve’s underwater films were not successful5.Why does the professor compare the film style of Jacques Cousteau and Jean Painleve?A.To explain how Painleve influenced CousteauB.To emphasize the uniqueness of Painleves filming styleC.To emphasize the artistic value of Cousteau’s documentary filmsD.To demonstrate the superiority of Painleve’s filmmaking equipment6.What does the student imply when he say this:A.He does not like Jean Painleve’s filmsB.He thinks that the professor should spend more time discussing Jacques Cousteau’s filmC.He believes that high quality filmmakers are usually well knownD.He believes that Jean Painleve’s film have been unfairly overlookedT3-3 ARTT7-1 THEATERT8-2 ART Pariscanny ['kæni] adj. 精明的，谨慎的；节约的premiere [prɪ'mɪr] adj. 首位的；初次的vi. / vt.初次公演n. 初次演出；女主角progressive [prə'ɡrɛsɪv] adj. 进步的；先进的n. 改革论者；进步分子savvy ['sævi]n. 悟性；理解能力；懂行（的人）vt. 理解；懂vi. 理解；知道12. What is the lecture mainly about?A. Why the Salon exhibitions became popular among women artists in ParisB. Why French society did not approve of art schools or womenC How opportunities for women artists in Paris improvedD. How women artists in Paris cooperated with one another13. What point does the professor make about Julian when he mentions that Julian’s art school offered some classes onlyfor women?A. Julian’s school was the first art school in Paris to offer women-only classesB. Julian wanted to encourage the distinctive style of women in ParisC. Julian viewed himself as a social reformerD. Julian possessed outstanding business skills14. What does the professor emphasize as one benefit of competition in women’s classes?A. Women gained more confidence in their artistic abilitiesB. Women became instructors in private art studiosC. Women were able to sell their paintings for large amounts of moneyD. Women created new styles of painting15. According to the professor, what were two ways that the situation of women artists had changed by then end of thenineteenth century in Paris? Click on 2 answers.A. Women and men took art classes togetherB. Women artists played a greater role in the Salon exhibitionsC. More schools were established by women artistsD. Fewer women artists were traveling to Paris16. What does the professor imply about Bashkirtseffs’ painting In the Studio?A. It was one of many paintings that depicted a women’s studioB. It did not bring Bashkirtseff recognition for her artistic abilityC. It was criticized for an unrealistic depiction of women artistsD. It was beneficial for both Bashkirtseff and the school where she studied17. Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.What does the professor mean when he says this?A. Paris was a popular place to visit, but not the best place to study artB. Paris was the most important place for an artist to study and workC. Living in Paris was difficult for women artists from other countriesD. Studying in Paris was beneficial for some artists, but not for others. T8-3 HISTORYquartz [kwɔrts] n. 石英magnify ['mæɡnɪfaɪ] vt. 放大；赞美；夸大vi. 放大；有放大能力societal [sə'saɪətl] adj. 社会的affluence ['æflʊəns] n. 富裕；丰富；流入；汇聚6. What is the lecture mainly about?A. Political events that led to the invention of eyeglassesB. A comparison of attitudes toward vision correction in Europe and ChinaC. The relationship between the printing press and literacyD. An overview of vision correction over time7. According to the professor, what was an advantage of using clear glass instead of quartz to make reading stones?A. Clear glass was easier to find than quartzB. Clear glass was easier to cut to the appropriate sizeC. Clear glass magnified the letters more than quartz didD. Clear glass was less expensive than quartz8. What does the professor imply about the invention of eyeglass?A. Its historical records are more detailed than those of other inventionsB. It has little impact on social attitudes toward vision correctionC. Its occurrence in different places at approximately the same time is out unusualD. It contributed to a substantial increase in the number of literate people.9. Which sentence best describe eyeglasses before the invention of the printing press?A.They were available to everyoneB.They were a symbol of wealth and wisdomC.They could not correct vision accuratelyD.They could be bought only from traveling peddlers10. Put the events in the order that they happenedClick on a sentence. Then drag it to the space where it belongs11. Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.11. What does the professor imply when she says this?A. She is impressed by the solutionB. The solution she describe is obviousC. The solution was not a common practiceD. The solution was not particularly expensiveT10-2 EUROPEANT15-3 ARTT16-2 MUSICT16-4 ART stained glassT17-1 art historyT17-3 history ancient Egyptian calendarcivilization [,sivilai'zeiʃən,-li'z-]n. 文明；timekeeping ['taim,ki:piŋ]n. 计时；时间obligation [,ɔbli'ɡeiʃən]n. 义务；职责；keep track of 记录；与…保持联系addresse：从事于divide into 把……分成inundation [,inʌn'deiʃən]n. 洪水；泛滥subsidence [səb'saidəns]n. 下沉；沉淀；submerged [səb'mə:dʒd]adj. 水下的，subsidence [səb'saidəns]n. 下沉；沉淀；recede [ri'si:d]vi. 后退；减弱|vt. 归还fertile ['fə:tail]adj. 富饶的，肥沃的；silt [silt]n. 淤泥，泥沙crops n. 农作物barley ['bɑ:li]n. 大麦phases ['feisi:z]n. 阶段，predictably [pri'diktəbli]adv. 可预言地complicated ['kɔmplikeitid]adj. 难懂的，复杂的average ['ævəridʒ]n. 平均；平均数；海损Sirius ['siəriəs]n. [天] 天狼星heliacal [hi:'laiəkəl]adj. 太阳的heliacal rising：晨出indicator ['indikeitə]n. 指示器lunar ['lju:nə]adj. 月亮的reliable [ri'laiəbl]adj. 可靠的adjusted [ə'dʒʌstid]adj. 调整过的festival ['festəvəl]n. 节日administrative [əd'ministrətiv]adj. 管理的，行政的inconvenient [,inkən'vi:njənt]adj. 不便的alongside [ə'lɔŋ'said]adv. 在旁边bureaucratic [,bjurəu'krætik]adj. 官僚的1.What is the lecture mainly about?A.Differences between modern and ancient calendarsB.The importance of astronomy in Egyptian religionC.The timekeeping systems of ancient EgyptD.How to use agritulture as a method timekeeping2.Why does the professor mention the names of the seasons in ancient Egypt?A.To explain the importance of religionB.To emphasize the significance of the Nile RiverC.To indicate when different types of crops were harvestedD.To describe early discoveries in astronomy3.Why was the heliacal rising of Sirius important to the Egyptians? Click on 2 answersA.It helped determine the beginning of the New YearB.It was used to calculate the length of the monthC.It marked the beginning of harvest timeD.It indicated when the Nile would flood4.Once the Egyptians realized the significance of the heliacal rising of Sirius, what change did they make to theiragricultural calendar?A.They made each month exactly 30 days.B.They shortened the length of the yearC.They added a religious festival date to celebrate the heliacal rising of SiriusD.They allowed the number of months in the year to vary.5.What are two points the professor made about the administrative calendar?Click on 2 answersA.It included more religious festivals than did the other calendarB.It was used for scheduling tax paymentsC.It had the same number of days every yearD.It used the Moon to determine the beginning of the year11. What is the professor explaining when she says this?A.The weakness of the Egyptian bureaucracyB.The Egyptians' motivations for developing a second calendarC.The importance of accurately predicating when the Nile would floodD.The problems that result from using two calendars.T18-2 Art Roman sculptureT18-3 European History SpiceT19-4 Cecilia BeauxT21-4 Alice Neelexpressionist [ik'spreʃəәnist] adj. 表现主义的portrait ['pɔrtrɪt, -,tret, 'por-] n. 肖像, 画像1.What aspect of Alice Neel's work does the class mainly discuss?!The ways that her artistic style developed over time!The influence of photography on her portraits!The style she used to portray her subjects!Criticism of her approach to Realism and Expressionism2.What point does the professor make about photography and portraiture in the twentieth century? !Painters began to produce more lifelike portraits in imitation of photography.!Photography largely replaced the tradition of portrait painting.!Photographers followed the style of portrait painters in creating their work.!Both photography and portrait painting were considered inferior art.3.According to the professor, what two aspects of Neel's work are characteristic of Expressionism? Click on 2 answers!The depiction of unusual object!The way the subjects' faces are portrayed!The shape of the subjects' bodies!The use of color in the paintings4.According to the professor, why did Neel paint portraits?!She felts that it was the best way to represent a time period.!She enjoyed the technical challenge of painting portraits.!She found that it was too difficult to earn a living painting abstract art.!She followed the lead of Expressionist painters who also painted portraits.5.Why does the professor discuss the variety of people in Neel's portraits?!To explain why it took Neel a long time to find her characteristic style!To explain why Neel experimented with genres other than portraiture!To identify elements of Realism and Expressionism in Neel's paintings!To emphasize a distinctive feature of Neel's body of work6.Why does the professor say this:!To influence the students' opinions about Alice Neel's work!To suggest that Alice Neel created her best paintings late in her career !To reinforce the fact that Neel's work was not appreciated!To show that Alice Neel's situation was similar to his ownT22-C2 music history professorT22-4 music。

lecture低难度版

TPO1 L1 art an introductin of Rose Frantzen's artwork ★TPO1 L3 archeology discoveries about an archeological site ★★TPO1 L4 biology differences in behaviours among two marmot speices ★TPO2 L1 psychology discoveries about the relationship between muscle activity and thinking ★★TPO2 L2 biology a kind of fiber called Manila hemp ★★TPO2 L3 philosophy Aristole's ethical theory ★TPO2 L4 astronomy the discovery of asteroid belt ★★TPO3 L1 biology influence the loss of habitats has on humming birds and solutions to this problem ★★TPO3 L2 art history the syle of an early filmmaker★TPO3 L3 art history characteristics of the oldest known cave art ★★TPO3 L4 astronomy use of spectroscopy in identifying chemical elements in stars ★★★TPO4 L1 biology a behavior among animals called displacement activity ★★TPO4 L2 art Emerson's theory about truth ★TPO4 L3 geology theories about why desert rocks move ★★TPO4 L4 history the history of the government's support for art in America ★TPO5 L1 sociology characteristics of memes ★★TPO5 L4 art differences between fairytales and folk tales ★TPO6 L2 biology characteristics of Nightcap oak ★★TPO6 L3 art how to create characters in writing ★TPO6 L4 geology the rapid climate change in the past Sahara desert ★★★TPO7 L1 art history elements of well-made play ★TPO7 L2 biology bats's use of ultrasound ★★★TPO7 L3 archeology the value of birch trees to ancient native American groups ★★TPO7 L4 geology explanations of how glaciers move ★★★TPO8 L1 biology active habitat selection ★★TPO8 L2 art history opportunities for women artists in Paris ★TPO8 L3 history development of eyeglasses ★TPO9 L1 art history a French painter's innovations in set design ★★TPO9 L3 geology a hypothesis for lake formation in Empty Quarter ★★★TPO9 L4 linguistics f eatures of animal communication systems ★★TPO10 L1 biology difficulties in determiningthe evolutionary history of whales ★★★TPO10 L2 history the influence of American food crops on Europe ★TPO10 L3 biology phosphorus cycle ★★TPO10 L4 psychology possible explanations for children amnesia ★★TPO11 L1 biology one way that birds protect their young ★★TPO11 L2 art reasons for the popularity of Capecod houses in America ★★TPO11 L3 env science the effect the land development has on the climate of South Florida ★★★TPO11 L4 business how to advertise successfully ★TPO12 L1 biology why most human cells can not keep dividing successfully ★★★TPO12 L2 business MBWA ★★TPO12 L4 env science reasons why solar energy is not widely used ★★★TPO13 L1 business consideratins in creating a pedestrian mall ★TPO13 L2 biology the role of one species in an ecosystem ★★★TPO13 L3 art history comparison between two types of poems in medieval Europe ★★★TPO14 L1 psychology limitations with regard to several cognitive functions ★★★TPO15 L2 geology how to recognize one geological epoch ends and another begins ★★★TPO15 L4 biology an exploratin that challenged an accepted view about biological communities ★★★TPO16 L2 art history the influence piano has on European music and society ★★★TPO16 L3 biology choices beavers face when foraging ★★TPO16 L4 art history the history of stained glass art ★★★TPO17 L1 archeology limitations of some dating techniques ★★★TPO17 L4 biology ways that octopus protect themselves ★★TPO18 L1 astronomy different ideas about sunspots in history ★★★TPO18 L2 art history different views about sculpture in Roman times ★★★TPO19 L1 linguistics a way to represent languages that are genetically related ★★★TPO20 L1 linguistics r ules people should observe during conversations ★★★TPO20 L3 art different types of Norwegian folktales ★★TPO20 L4 biology methods snowshoe hares have to survive in winter ★★TPO21 L2 PC science finding bugs during software developing process ★★TPO21 L4 art history the style Alice Neel used to portray her subjects ★★TPO22 L1 history reasons for the formation of early states ★★TPO23 L2 env science the impact of clouds on global temperatures★★★TPO23 L4 art issues on an assignment about screen dance ★★★TPO24 L2 art history a pioneer of modern dance ★★★TPO24 L3 archeology theories for the disappearance of mega fauna in North America ★★★TPO25 L1 biology strategies to help extinct species survive ★★★TPO25 L2 art history a composer's experience and style in his lifetime ★★★TPO25 L4 biology explainations for animals' play behavior ★★★TPO26 L1 business green marketing ★★★TPO27 L2 art history factors responsbile for the beautiful tone of Cremonese violins ★★★TPO27 L3 biology comparions between an extinct animal species and modern animals ★★★TPO27 L4 art the theory of primary colors ★★★TPO28 L1 philosophy the theory of foundationalism in philosophy ★★TPO28 L2 biology birds' ability to recognize themselves in the mirror ★★TPO28 L3 biology plants' responses to different wavelengths of light ★★TPO28 L4 archeology evidence of an ancient civilization in ancient Asia ★★TPO29 L1 ecology causes of soil diversity in forests ★★★TPO29 L2 art factors that affect the acoustics in a room ★★★TPO29 L3 archeology possible interpretations of Clovis caches ★★TPO29 L4 structural engineering a potential technology for space exploration ★★TPO30 L1 psychology research about whether animals can feel uncertainty ★★TPO30 L4 art history the evolution of electric guitar ★★TPO31 L1 art history the ancient Greek's attitude towards music ★★TPO31 L2 geology hypotheses about future movements of Earth's tectonic plates ★★★TPO31 L3 biology causes of change in starfish population ★★TPO31 L4 archeology evidence that an ancient civilization domesticated horses ★★。

arthistory-教材-pkuarthistory_教材_詹森艺术史-第三章埃及艺术

第三章埃及艺术数千年来，埃及令西方着迷。

古希腊人和罗马人了解并崇拜埃及，他们的这份尊敬传给了文艺复兴时期的收藏家和学者。

18世纪末拿破仑入侵埃及，将这里的艺术品和知识带回法国，激发了全欧洲的兴趣。

19世纪以来，由欧洲人资助的发掘活动在埃及一直进行，不时有激动人心的成果，如1922年发现的图坦卡蒙（Tutankhamen）法老墓。

如今进行的发掘和研究仍然吸引着现代人。

古埃及令我们神往的原因之一是它的艺术品那非同一般的技术和不朽特质。

这些物品大部分出自埃及人修建的纪念墓葬。

埃及坟墓的建造目的是确保死者有幸福的来世，其中的绘画、雕塑及其他物品都具有永恒的目的。

艺术品要陪伴死者去往来世。

因此，埃及艺术是一种恒久的艺术，而非变化的艺术。

实际上，希腊哲学家柏拉图（Plato）就说过，埃及艺术一万年来没有变化。

实际情况比这要复杂，但我们可以说埃及艺术家不努力求变或求新。

他们宁愿固守表达特定观念的传统范式，所以形式与主题的连续性是古埃及艺术的一个特点。

埃及艺术家主要是为等级极其森严的上流阶层赞助人服务的。

约公元前3000年埃及文字逐渐形成的同时，一个政治和宗教体系也发展起来，在这个体系中，神王（从新王国时期开始称为法老）掌握着这个国家及其人民物质和精神上的幸福。

许多最为著名并引起人们无限联想的埃及艺术品就是为这些强大的统治者而创作的。

皇家艺术表现了国王在人们眼中的多重形象：众神的人类代言人、神明、仁慈的统治者以及生命本身的象征。

王室为来世而建的工程遍布埃及大地，并为所有权贵的墓葬提供了模本。

因为国王们下令建造了埃及最雄伟的一些坟墓，所以王权的意象就与来世的意象强有力地交叉。

敕命工程和陪葬品这两种类型的艺术品构成了现存埃及艺术品的主体。

埃及的宗教和地形是这两种艺术盛行的原因。

埃及立国于尼罗河在北非的河流沿岸，周围有沙漠或称“红土地”的护卫。

埃及由两个不同的地区组成。

南部的上埃及包括现在的阿斯旺（Aswan）和三角洲起点之间的尼罗河谷，邻近古代的孟菲斯（Memphis）和现在的开罗。

托福听力ART HISTORY

ART HISTORYportraiture['pɔ:trɪ,tʃʊə, 'pəʊr-]n.肖像画法；描绘,描写,描述；肖像,画像,照片portrait['pɔ:trit]n.肖像, 画像；生动的描写vision['viʒən]n.视力, 视觉；想像(力), 幻想, 幻觉, 梦想insight['insait]n.洞察力, 洞悉, 深刻的见解；领悟, 顿悟crucial['kru:ʃəl]adj.决定性的, 紧要关头的prestige[pres'ti:ʒ]n.威信, 威望, 声望adj.炫耀的, 讲究排场的, 摆阔气的feature['fi:tʃə]n.特征, 特色；面貌, 相貌；特写, 专题节目；(电影的)正片, 故事片academy[ə'kædəmi]n.专科学校；研究院, 学会institution[,ɪnsti'tju:ʃən]n.惯例, 习俗; 制度；为人熟知常在某处的人；知名人士, 名流；慈善机构；建立, 制定contemplative[kən'templətiv]adj.沉思的, 出神的(尤指感觉上帝同在的)draw[drɔ:]vt. & vi.绘画, 画；拖, 拉vt.拔出, 取出, 抽出；提取, 汲取, 领取；引起, 吸引catch[kætʃ]vt.接住；逮住, 捉住, 抓住；technique[tek'ni:k]n.技巧, 手法, 技术；技能vague[veiɡ]adj.模糊的；(表达或感知)含糊的, 不明确的, 不清楚的；不具体的; 不精确的isolation[,aɪsə'leɪʃən]n.隔离, 与世隔绝insightful 英[ˈinˈsaitful] 美[ˈɪnˈsaɪtfəl, ɪnˈsaɪt-]1.富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的technical['teknikəl]adj.技术的; 应用科学的；艺术的, 工艺的；(指书等)要求有专门知识的, 使用术语的, 专业的reveal[ri'vi:l]vt.显示; 露出；泄露; 透露interpretation[,ɪntə:pri'teiʃən]n.解释, 说明; 诠释；表演; 演奏conventional[kən'venʃənl]adj.依照惯例的, 约定俗成的, 依照传统的；常规的, 非核的technique[tek'ni:k]n.技巧, 手法, 技术；技能philosophy[fi'lɔsəfi]n.哲学；人生哲学, 人生观；达观bust[bʌst]vt. & vi.打破, 打碎n.半身雕塑像；妇女的胸部, 胸围sculpt[skʌlpt]vt. & vi.雕刻;雕塑；做(头发); 梳(发式)vt.风蚀;侵蚀；锻炼(肌肉)relief[ri'li:f]n.(痛苦等)缓解, 减轻, 解除；轻松, 宽慰；换班[接替]人, 加班[增开]的公共汽车、火车等category['kætiɡəri]n.种类, 类别Mediterranean[,medɪtə'reɪni:ən, -'reɪnjən]n.地中海；地中海沿岸的居民；地中海沿岸的高加索人spoil 英[spɔil] 美[spɔɪl]及物动词vt.1.损坏; 毁掉；破坏；搞坏；糟蹋essential[i'senʃəl]adj.必不可少的, 绝对必要的; 非常重要的；本质的, 实质的, 基本的n.要素, 要点；必需品prevalent['prevələnt]adj.普遍的, 盛行的, 流行的creativity 英[ˈkri:eɪˈtɪvətɪ] 美[ˈkrieˈtɪvətɪ]1.创造性，创造力；创作能力contemporary[kən'tempərəri]adj.当代的；同时代的, 同属一个时期的n.同代人, 同龄人hypothesize[hai'pɔθisaiz]v.假设,假定,猜测dismiss[dis'mis]vt.解雇; 撤职; 开除；使退去; 解散；自心中摒除, 不再考虑或谈论sake[seik]n.缘故; 理由statue['stætju:]n.雕像, 塑像emperor['empərə]n.皇帝, 君主empire['empaiə]n.帝国；帝权, 绝对支配权；大企业组织Augustus[ɔ:'ɡʌstəs]奥古斯塔斯(男子名)inhabitant[in'hæbitənt]n.居民, 住户; (栖息在某地区的)动物additional[ə'diʃənl]adj.增加的, 额外的, 另外的reminder[rɪ'maɪndə]n.令人回忆起…的东西, 提醒…的东西julius caesar隐藏摘要凯撒plaster['plɑ:stə]n.灰泥；膏, 药膏；石膏vt.敷贴膏药; 在…上涂灰泥；粘贴, 使紧贴mold[məuld]n.模子,铸型vt.浇铸,塑造ship[ʃip]n.船, 舰；〈口〉宇宙飞船, 太空船vt. & vi.运送replicate['replɪ,keɪt]vt.复制;重复workshop['wə:kʃɔp]n.专题讨论会, 讲习班；车间; 工作坊marble['mɑ:bl]n.大理石；(用玻璃、泥等制成的)弹子；弹子游戏bronze[brɔnz]n.青铜；青铜色, 赤褐色；青铜艺术品, 铜牌incentive[in'sentiv]n.激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因, 动机salon['sælɔ:ŋ]n.〈法〉(营业性质的)店, 厅, 院；沙龙(旧时在上流社会女主人家的例行聚会或聚会场所)depict[di'pikt]vt. 描绘; 描画；描述。

中国美术简史（AbriefhistoryofChineseart）

中国美术简史（A brief history of Chinese art）Examination book (Textbook):A brief history of Chinese art history, edited by the fine arts history department of China Central Academy of Fine Arts, and edited by the teaching and research section of Chinese art history, higher education press, October 2000 edition.Explanation: in the course of the examination, there will be academic disputes or different ways of expression in the current academic circles, which will be subject to the discussion of the designated teaching materials for this examination, and shall not exceed its scope of discussion. Questions such as time factors are only asked for the year.First, the nature and purpose of the examinationChina art history is one of the basic theory of the school of fine arts master students of all compulsory.The examination specified materials mainly discusses the evolution process of the origin and development of China art, and art phenomenon Chinese different dynasties. Is divided into 6 parts: the 6 series of prehistoric and pre Qin art; the art of Qin and Han Dynasties of Sui and Tang Dynasties; the art of Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties; the five generation of song art; the art of modern art of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Objective: to test the emergence and development of the comprehensive understanding of the students study Chinese art;the level of understanding of each period of art concept and representative, representative works; whether from the evolution of art development and cultural point of view, understanding Chinese art forms and means of expression.Two, assessment objectivesFirst, prehistoric and pre Qin ArtExamination objectives and requirementsThis part requires candidates from the origin of man's point of view, to understand the origin of Chinese art, understanding the characteristics of China stone age of primitive art; from Chinese civilization history perspective, understanding the Xia Shang Zhou bronze art style and ornamentation, and its present situation and its social significance, its categories of art.First, the prehistoric art section(1) examination of knowledge points;1. The art of the Old Stone Age2, the stone sculptures of the Neolithic Age3, the painting of the Neolithic Age4, the Neolithic arts and crafts(two) assessment requirements;1. The art of the Old Stone AgeRemember: the early form of art.Understanding: the origin of art.2, the stone sculptures of the Neolithic AgeRemember: pottery, clay sculpture, stone carving, jade carving characters and representative works.Understand the origin and development of pottery, clay sculpture, stone carving, jade carving.3, the painting of the Neolithic AgeRemember: characteristics and representative works of pottery design and decoration of the cultural period; murals, painting and painting characteristics and representative works.Understanding: the emergence and development of painted pottery, murals, paintings and rock paintings.4, the Neolithic arts and craftsRemember: features and construction processUnderstanding: the emergence and development of technology and architectureTwo, pre Qin art section(1) examination of knowledge points;1 bronze ware2, sculpture3, painting4, technology and architecture(two) assessment requirements;1 bronze wareRemember: Xia Shang Zhou, spring and autumn and the Warring States Bronze characteristics and representative works.Understanding: the emergence and development of bronze ware.2, sculptureRemember: bronze sculpture, Shi Yu sculpture, pottery, lacquer carving characteristics and representative works.Understand the origin and development of bronze sculpture, Shi Yu sculpture, pottery, lacquer carving.3, paintingRemember: the murals, paintings, decorative painting process and characteristics of representative works.Understand the origin and development of murals, paintings, decorative painting.4, technology and architectureUnderstanding: evolution and development of calligraphy by generations.4, technology and architectureRemember: technology and architectural characteristics and representative works.Understanding: the evolution and development of technology and architecture.Fourth and Five Dynasties Song and Yuan Dynasty Fine ArtsExamination objectives and requirementsThis part from the period of social reform, require candidates to economic development, the rise of Confucianism, from the late North South confrontation state of society's point of view, mainly to understand the development of this period palace painting, landscape painting, aesthetic pursuit of literati painting and calligraphy, and other art phenomenon.(1) examination of knowledge points;1, painting2, calligraphy3 architecture and sculpture4, arts and crafts(two) assessment requirements;1, paintingRemember: the main artist in every period of the art style and representative works of painting works.Understanding: the evolution and development of painting art; painting theory.2, calligraphyRemember: the calligrapher's art style and their representative works.Understanding: the evolution and development of calligraphy.3 architecture and sculptureRemember: Architecture and sculpture art features of each period and representative works.Understanding: evolution and development of architecture and sculpture.4, arts and craftsRemember: each period of all kinds of Arts and crafts art characteristics and representative works.Understanding: the evolution and development of Arts and crafts.Fifth series Ming and Qing artExamination objectives and requirementsThis part requires candidates to inherit the culture of Song Dynasty from the Ming Dynasty and the new cultural perspective, understanding from the Ming Dynasty to the development of art schools varied, the formation and development of understanding of literati painting and literati painting standard, and other art phenomenon.(1) examination of knowledge points;1, painting2, calligraphy3 architecture and sculpture4, arts and crafts(two) assessment requirements;1, paintingRemember: the main artist in every period of the art style and representative works of painting works.Understanding: the evolution and development of painting art; painting theory.2, calligraphyRemember: the calligrapher's art style and their representative works.Understanding: the evolution and development of calligraphy.3 architecture and sculptureRemember: Architecture and sculpture art features of each period and representative works.Understanding: evolution and development of architecture and sculpture4, arts and craftsRemember: each period of all kinds of Arts and crafts art characteristics and representative works.Understanding: the evolution and development of Arts and crafts.Sixth Series modern artExamination objectives and requirementsThis part requires candidates from western culture and traditional cultural development angle, this period mainly China painting and Western painting evolution and development situation, and its artistic characteristics.(1) examination of knowledge points;1, Chinese painting2, Western painting(two) assessment requirements;1, Chinese paintingRemember: art style and representative works of painter China painting in different periods.Understanding: the evolution and development of painting art.2, Western paintingRemember: the western painting painter's artistic style andtheir representative works.Understanding: the evolution and development of painting art.Three, examples of questionsThere are four types of questions in this paper: fill in the blanks, choose single items, answer questions and discuss questions. Examples are as follows:The ancients said: fill in the blanks "painting lines such as silk", "spring floating cloud, water line".Individual choice: 1.The first Chinese royal painting organization was founded in ().A. B. C. D. in the Ming Dynasty of Qin Dynasty of Tang Dynasty in Song DynastyAnswer: the artistic features of the Qin terracotta warriors.This paper deals with the emergence and evolution of Chinese literati painting.Examination outline of foreign art historyExamination book (Textbook):A brief history of foreign art (Revised Edition), Departmentof art history, China Central Academy of Fine Arts, edited by the teaching and research section of foreign art history, higher education press, April 1998, second edition.Explanation: in the course of the examination, there will be academic disputes or different ways of expression in the current academic circles, which will be subject to the discussion of the designated teaching materials for this examination, and shall not exceed its scope of discussion. Questions such as time factors are only asked for the year.First, the nature and purpose of the examinationForeign art history is one of the basic theories of our school master of fine arts students of all compulsory.This examination specifies the main materials for a systematic exposition of the arts, developments and their interactions in the world, and introduces the major artists and artistic phenomena in various regions and countries of the world. Is divided into eight chapters: the original, ancient art; the European medieval art; art of the Renaissance; the 17 in Europe in eighteenth Century, the nineteenth Century European and American art; art; the art of twentieth Century; the Asian art; the art of ancient Africa and Latin America.Objective: to test the emergence and development of the comprehensive understanding of students visit the western countries and the area of art; the level of understanding of the major trends or genre concepts and representatives, works of art development and evolution; whether from the angle ofculture, understanding the traditional and modern art forms and means of expression.Two, assessment objectivesChapter 1 primitive and ancient art(1) examination purposes and requirementsThis chapter mainly examines the origin of human fine arts civilization, including the ancient Mesopotamia art, ancient Egyptian art and ancient Greek, Rome art, and the three interrelated. These are all the basis for understanding the future art development and the premise of learning the whole course. It is one of the key and difficult parts of this exam.(two) examination knowledge points;1. ancient Mesopotamia art;2. ancient Egyptian art;3. ancient Greek and Rome art.(three) assessment requirements;1. ancient Mesopotamia art;Mastery: (1) Fine Arts in Babylon; (2) Sumerian Acard arts and crafts.Understanding: (1) the history of art development in ancient Mesopotamia; (2) why is the civilization of ancient Mesopotamia in the world one of the four major civilizations in the world?.2. ancient Egyptian art;Mastery: (1) the characteristics of ancient Egyptian art; (2) ancient Egyptian art in the ancient kingdom.Understanding: (1) ancient Egyptian art in the Middle Kingdom;(2) ancient Egyptian art in the period of the new kingdom; (3) the influence of ancient Egyptian sculpture on ancient Greek sculpture.3. ancient Greek and Rome art.Master: (1) the formation of the historical and cultural background; (2) the ancient Greek art in the Archaic period of construction; (3) the ancient Greek classical period of architecture and art sculptor; (4) the unique achievement of ancient Rome art.Understanding: (1) sculpture of ancient Greek art in ancient times;(2) ancient Greek Hellenistic art; (3) ancient Rome art architecture; (4) ancient Rome art sculpture.The second chapter, European Medieval Art(1) examination purposes and requirementsThe characteristics, this chapter mainly examine medieval Christianity art of the Carolingian revival of the arts, Rome art and Gothic art etc..(two) examination knowledge points;1. Byzantine art;2. barbarian art and Carolingian renaissance;3. Rome art;4. Gothic art.(three) assessment requirements;1. Byzantine art;Byzantine art.Understanding: the meaning of golden byzantium.2. barbarian art and Carolingian renaissance;Master: the Carolingian renaissance.Understand: barbarian art.3. Rome art;Understanding: the characteristics of Rome art.4. Gothic art.Understanding: the characteristics of Gothic art.The third chapter, European Renaissance Art(1) examination purposes and requirementsThis chapter mainly examine the European Renaissance Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, Spain and France, as well as the influence of art, the countries of the European Renaissance art and Renaissance origin and other aspects, is the focus of the examination, the difficult part of.(two) examination knowledge points;1. Renaissance art in Italy;2. of the art of the renaissance;3. German Renaissance art;4. Spanish Renaissance art;5. French Renaissance art.(three) examination requirements, art encyclopedia, Art Library1. Renaissance art in Italy;Mastery: (1) art of the Renaissance period in Italy; (2) Venice painting school.Understanding: (1) the humanistic background of Renaissance art in Italy; (2) art in the early Renaissance of Italy.2. of the art of the renaissance;Master: the Renaissance painter Bruegel.Understand: the Renaissance artists and other art phenomenon.3. German Renaissance art;Master: German Renaissance artist duerer.Understanding: other German art phenomena and artists during the renaissance.4. Spanish Renaissance art;Mastery: Spanish Renaissance art prodigy Greco.Understanding: (1) Spanish art in 14 and fifteenth Century; (2) Spanish art in sixteenth Century; (3) Spanish Renaissance architecture and sculpture.5, French Renaissance art.Mastery: Fontainebleau painting school.Understanding: other artists and artistic phenomena during the Renaissance in france.The fourth chapter: European art in 17 and eighteenth Century(1) examination purposes and requirementsThis chapter mainly inspects 17 in Europe in eighteenth Century, Italy, Flanders, Holland, Spain and France Art development, Baroque art style features and other aspects of the content, is the focus of the examination, the difficult part of.(two) examination knowledge points;1.17 and eighteenth Century, Italy art;The 2.17 century Flemish art;Holland art in the 3.17 century;Spanish art in 4.17 and eighteenth Century;French art in 5.17 and eighteenth Century.(three) assessment requirements;1.17 and eighteenth Century, Italy art;Mastery: (1) art of Italy Academy of art in seventeenth Century;(2) Italy artist Caravaggio in seventeenth Century; (3) Baroque art formation and development.Understanding: (1) local art school of Italy in seventeenth Century; (2) art in Italy in eighteenth Century.The 2.17 century Flemish art;Mastery: the art of Lubensi.Understand other artists: seventeenth Century FlandersHolland art in the 3.17 century;Mastery: the art of the realist Maestro Rembrandt.Understanding: (1) genius portrait painter Hals; (2) colorful Holland school painting art; (3) the artistic achievements of Holland landscape painting.Spanish art in 4.17 and eighteenth Century;Mastery: (1) the truth painter drew your attention; (2) European romantic pioneer Goya.Understanding: (1) Rivera and Su Balaam; (2) Spanish art in the second half of the seventeenth Century; (3) architecture and sculpture in Spain in 17 and eighteenth Century.French art in 5.17 and eighteenth Century.Mastery: French painting in 17 and eighteenth Century.Understanding: French sculpture in 17 and eighteenth Century.The fifth chapter, European and American Art in nineteenth Century(1) learning objectives and requirementsThe main assessment of this chapter, the development of France, Britain, Russia and the United States in nineteenth Century, the phenomenon of art and law, as well as the origin of modern art and other aspects, is one of the key parts of this examination.(two) examination knowledge points;1. neo classical art in france;2. French romantic art;3. French Critical Realism art;4. French Impressionism, new Impressionism and post Impressionist art;British Art in 5.18 and nineteenth Century;American Art in the 6.19 century;7.18, 19 Russian art.(three) assessment requirements;1. neo classical art in france;Mastery: (1) artist David and Angell.Understanding: (1) French neo classical art; other artists.2. French romantic art;Master: (1) by Gericault and Delacroix.Understanding: (1) French romantic art; other artists.3. French Critical Realism art;Master: (1) the realist painter Courbet; (2) Coehlo and Miller (3) Barbizon sculptor Luo Dan (4).Understand the reason: (1) the rise of realism; (2) the Barbizon seven gentlemen4. French Impressionism, new Impressionism and post Impressionist art;Mastery: (1) French Impressionist; (2) new Impressionist in France; (3) post Impressionist artists in france.Understanding: (1) the social and cultural background of the rise of impressionism; (2) the great influence of Impressionistart.British Art in 5.18 and nineteenth Century;Master: (1) British landscape painting; (2) a.Understanding: (1) British Art in eighteenth Century; (2) British Romantic art; (3) Impressionist london.American Art in the 6.19 century;Mastery: American Art in the second half of the nineteenth Century.Understanding: (1) American Art in colonial period before and after the war of independence; (2) Hudson River Painting school.7.18, 19 Russian art.Mastery: Russian tour school.Understanding: (1) Russian art in eighteenth Century; (2) Russian art in the first half of the nineteenth Century; (3) Russian art in the second half of the nineteenth Century.The sixth chapter, twentieth Century Art(1) examination purposes and requirementsThis chapter mainly appraisal of western modern art phenomenon,and the representative figures such as Picasso, Duchamp and other artists, they in the development of western modern art in the status and role of the content, is one of the key parts of the exam.(two) examination knowledge points;1. modern western art;2. Soviet art.(three) assessment requirements;1. modern western art;Master: (1) Fauvism and Matisse; (2) Picasso and cubism. (3) dada and Duchamp.Understanding: (1) western modern art before World War II; (2) western modern art after World War II; (3) western modern sculpture and architecture.2. Soviet art.Understanding: (1) Soviet art before and after 20s; (2) Soviet art in 30s; (3) Soviet art in 60s.The seventh chapter, Asian Art(1) learning objectives and requirementsThis chapter mainly inspects the ancient India art and the Japanese modern fine arts development and so on.(two) examination knowledge points;1. India art;2. Japanese art.(three) assessment requirements;1. India art;Mastery: India classical art.Understanding: (1) India early art; (2) India (3) India medieval art; modern art.2. Japanese art.Mastery: the age of secular art.Understanding: (1) the era of pre history art; (2) Buddhist art era.Three, examples of questionsThis course examination paper contains five types of questions: fill in the blanks, select questions, explain the noun, answer questions and discuss the questions.Examples are as follows:Fill in the blanks:The earliest form of human art came into being.Two, individual choice:The following is the pre Raphaelite artist belongs to ().A. Maurice,B., Cezanne,C., Duchamp,D., PicassoThree. NOUN explanation:Beast pieFour, use the:The foundation and condition of Renaissance art are briefly introduced.Five, discuss:The research fields and research methods of post-modern art are discussed.。

艺术概论(英文)

The Parthenon, Acropolis, Greece
Euclid’s Golden Section in Architecture
A
B
C
The Golden Section: the smaller is to the larger as the larger is to the sum of the two -- BC is to AB as AB is to AC. Slide reference from http://ccins.camosun.bc.ca/~jbritton/goldslide/jbgoldslide.htm
– Art as Likeness:
Rembrandt Van Rijn (top right)
– “The Jewish Bride,” 1667
– Art as Alteration:
Wassily Kandinsky (bottom right)
– “Composition VIII,” 1923
Reference from -/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibInArt.html#daVinci
Byzantine Art
Icon of Madonna and Child
Bust of Emperor Constantine
Byzantine and Medieval Art

For nearly a 1000 years, the art world came under the influence of the Christian church. (5th cy C.E. to 15th cy C.E.). Beginning with Emperor Constantine’s conversion to Christianity, the church began a strong cultural mandate in Western culture. The goal of art was to remind people of Jesus Christ, the saints and apostles and the story contained in Holy Scriptures. Depictions of Christ showed his wisdom and depth (a more adult-like face even when showing him as a child.) The Pagan world of classical art was frowned upon.

元智大学艺术与设计学系—艺术管理硕士班

元智大學藝術與設計學系—藝術管理碩士班必選修課表Master Program of Art And Design Department at Yuan Ze UniversityList of Required Elective Courses（105 學年度入學新生適用 Academic Year 2016. Sept.）~105.04.20一○四學年第五次教務會議通過Passed by the 5th Academic Affairs Meeting, Academic Year 2016, on April 20, 105學年第一學年 1stAcademic Year第二學年 2ndAcademic YearAcademic Year學期 Semeste上 Fall 下 Spring 上 Fall下 Spring科目 Subject必修藝術科目史 AM531AM653 專藝術史方法論Depart歐美藝術史題Methodology of ArtEuro-American ArtmentHistory（3）Compul Thematic（ 3）soryArt History藝術（ 15）管 AM556 AM560理與藝術策展藝術理論實務Exhibition and Art TheoriesArtCurator （ 3）（ 3）Management and Practice專業實習（一）專業實習（二）專業實習（三）Professional Professional Practice(II)Professional Practice(III)Practice(I) （0）（ 0）（0）學期學分小計 633Credits each semester*AM601台灣藝術史*AM563 aiwanese Art History （3）藝 *AM622 AM542 選修科文化資產與考古美術當代藝術中國早期繪畫術目史Contemporary ArtEarly Chinese專Cultural Heritage, ArtElective 題（ 3） Painting （3）subjectsand Archeology （3）AM565 Thematic 設計史專題Art HistoryDesign Style and HistoryAM559 東亞藝術史East Asian Art History（3）專業實習（四）Professional Practice(IV)（0）3AM540 畫像藝術Art of pictorial stonerelief （3）*AM655 藝術解讀Interpretation ofArt （3）（ 3）藝術管理與實Art 務Management and Practice備註RemarksAM654博物館發展與當代議AM657藝術與文化產業題Art and Cultural IndustryMuseum development and(3)current issues （3）AM659AM550藝術與設計實作研究藝術評論Practice and Art Criticism Research of Art and （3）Design （3）AM603AM652中國繪畫斷代與鑑定視覺藝術管理The Division andVisual Arts Administration Identification of Chinese（ 3）Painting（3）1.最低畢業計36 學分，另加碩士論文一篇。

关于世界名画的书

关于世界名画的书以下是一些关于世界名画的书推荐:1.《世界名画集》(A complete Collection of World paintings) - 作者:David between the two worlds这是一本非常全面的世界名画集,收录了来自世界各地的数千幅作品,包括油画、水彩画、水墨画等。

这本书以图片为主,每幅作品都有清晰的标题和描述,可以帮助读者更好地了解这些作品的背景和艺术风格。

2.《西方艺术史》(The Art History of Western Art) - 作者:Michael Jackson这是一本非常受欢迎的艺术史著作,可以帮助读者了解西方艺术史的演进过程,包括从古希腊到现代艺术的所有作品。

书中使用了丰富的图片和图表,让读者更好地理解每幅作品的来龙去脉。

3.《艺术的故事》(The Story of Art) - 作者:许渊冲这是一本非常有趣的艺术史著作,讲述了艺术的起源、发展和演变过程,并以个人经验和观察为基础,介绍了各种艺术形式的特点和魅力。

书中有许多有趣的故事和历史事件,让读者更好地了解艺术和文化。

4.《中国古代艺术欣赏》 - 作者:周忠和这是一本介绍中国古代艺术的书籍,涵盖了中国传统文化中的核心元素,包括书法、绘画、陶瓷、玉器等。

书中有许多精美的插图和讲解,可以帮助读者更好地了解中国古代艺术的魅力。

5.《世界绘画简史》(A Brief History of Art) - 作者:Ravi Tandon这是一本简明扼要地介绍世界绘画史的书籍,涵盖了从古希腊到现代艺术的所有作品,包括油画、水彩画、水墨画等。

书中使用了大量的图片和历史事件,帮助读者更好地理解绘画的发展和演变过程。

艺术类英语高考试卷类型

Section I: Listening Comprehension (30 points)Part A: Short Conversations (10 points)In this part, you will hear 10 short conversations. Each conversation is followed by a question. After each question, there is a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which is the best answer. Listen to the conversations carefully and choose the correct answer.1. A) The man is late for the meeting.B) The woman is waiting for the man.C) The woman is driving the man to the meeting.D) The man is on his way to the airport.2. A) The woman wants to change her flight.B) The woman is looking for her passport.C) The man is trying to help the woman.D) The woman is at the wrong airport.3. A) The man is interested in painting.B) The woman is a professional painter.C) The man is going to start a new job.D) The woman is studying art history.4. A) The man is going to visit a museum.B) The woman is not interested in art.C) The man is an art critic.D) The woman is a professional photographer.5. A) The man is planning a trip to Paris.B) The woman is giving art lessons.C) The man is learning French.D) The woman is an art historian.Part B: Long Conversations (10 points)In this part, you will hear 2 long conversations. Each conversation is followed by 5 questions. After each question, there is a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which is the best answer. Listen to the conversations carefully and choose the correct answer.Conversation 1: An Interview with an Art Gallery DirectorQuestions 6-10:6. What is the main topic of the conversation?A) The history of the art gallery.B) The current art exhibition.C) The director's background in art.D) The financial challenges of running an art gallery.7. Why does the director believe that art is important?A) It provides economic benefits to the community.B) It promotes cultural diversity.C) It helps people express their emotions.D) It enhances educational opportunities.8. What is the gallery's policy on displaying contemporary art?A) They only display traditional art.B) They give equal space to all artists.C) They prioritize famous artists.D) They have a specific focus on one art movement.9. How does the gallery encourage young artists?A) They provide funding for their projects.B) They offer workshops and mentorship.C) They showcase their work in prominent locations.D) They only accept submissions from established artists.10. What is the director's vision for the future of the gallery?A) To become the leading art gallery in the country.B) To focus on promoting local artists.C) To collaborate with international art institutions.D) To become a hub for art education.Section II: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions (20 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Renaissance was a period of great cultural change in Europe that spanned from the 14th to the 17th century. It was characterized by a revival of interest in the classical art and literature of Ancient Greece and Rome. This period saw the emergence of new artistic techniques, such as the use of perspective in painting, and the development of new genres, such as the portrait and the still life.The Renaissance was also a time of significant scientific and intellectual progress. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century made books more accessible to the general public, which in turn facilitated the spread of new ideas. The works of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael are some of the most celebrated examples of Renaissance art.11. What is the main focus of the passage?A) The scientific advancements of the Renaissance.B) The literary achievements of the Renaissance.C) The cultural changes during the Renaissance.D) The political history of the Renaissance.12. According to the passage, what was one of the new artistic techniques introduced during the Renaissance?A) The use of color in painting.B) The use of perspective in painting.C) The use of oil paints.D) The use of detailed textures.13. Who was known for his scientific and intellectual contributions during the Renaissance?A) Leonardo da Vinci.B) Michelangelo.C) Raphael.D) All of the above.14. What impact did the invention of the printing press have on the Renaissance?A) It decreased the availability of books.B) It made books more expensive.C) It facilitated the spread of new ideas.D) It led to a decrease in literacy rates.15. Why is the passage significant for understanding the Renaissance?A) It provides a comprehensive overview of the period.B) It focuses on the achievements of specific individuals.C) It compares the Renaissance to other historical periods.D) It analyzes the economic factors that influenced the Renaissance.Part B: True/False/Not Given (20 points)Read the following passage and determine whether the statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG).The Baroque period followed the Renaissance and lasted from the early17th to the early 18th century. It was characterized by dramatic, ornate, and often religious themes in art, music, and architecture. The Baroque style was influenced by the Counter-Reformation, which aimed to counteract the spread of Protestantism.16. The Baroque period was a time of significant cultural change.(T/F/NG)17. The Baroque style was primarily focused on secular themes. (T/F/NG)18. The Counter-Reformation had a direct influence on the Baroque art style. (T/F/NG)19. The Baroque period was shorter than the Renaissance. (T/F/NG)20. The Baroque style is known for its use of vibrant colors anddetailed textures. (T/F/NG)Section III: Writing (30 points)Task 1: Letter Writing (15 points)Write a letter to an art gallery director expressing your interest in volunteering at their upcoming art exhibition. In your letter, include the following:- Your name and contact information- Your reasons for wanting to volunteer- Your relevant skills and experiences- Any specific areas in which you would like to assistTask 2: Essay Writing (15 points)Write an essay on the following topic:"The impact of technology on the art world has been both positive and negative. Discuss the ways in which technology has changed the way artists create and how this has affected the appreciation of art."Your essay should include:- An introduction with a clear thesis statement- Body paragraphs that support your thesis- A conclusion that summarizes your main points and offers a final thought or reflection。

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Alligator,TwinkleTwinkle little star, meme theory,cultural transmission, longevity/fecundity/fidelity
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15个学科英文单词

15个学科英文单词1. Anthropology.Anthropology is the study of human societies and cultures. It is a broad field that encompasses a wide range of topics, including human evolution, social organization, language, and religion. Anthropologists work in a variety of settings, including universities, museums, and government agencies.2. Archaeology.Archaeology is the study of past cultures through the excavation and analysis of material remains. Archaeologists work to reconstruct the history of human societies by examining artifacts, architecture, and other evidence left behind by past civilizations.3. Art History.Art history is the study of the history of art and architecture. Art historians work to understand the development of artistic styles and movements, and to interpret the meaning and significance of works of art.4. Astronomy.Astronomy is the study of the universe and its contents. Astronomers work to understand the origin, evolution, and structure of the universe, and to discover new planets, stars, and galaxies.5. Biology.Biology is the study of life. Biologists work to understand the structure, function, and evolution of living organisms, and to discover the mechanisms that underlielife processes.6. Business.Business is the study of the production, distribution,and consumption of goods and services. Business students learn about the principles of accounting, marketing, finance, and management.7. Chemistry.Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter. Chemists work to understand the behavior of atoms, molecules, and ions, and to develop new materials and products.8. Communication.Communication is the study of the process of conveying information between people. Communication students learn about the principles of verbal and nonverbal communication, and how to communicate effectively in different contexts.9. Computer Science.Computer science is the study of the design, implementation, and application of computer systems.Computer scientists work to develop new algorithms, software, and hardware, and to solve real-world problems using computers.10. Economics.Economics is the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economists work to understand the forces that affect economic decision-making, and to develop policies that promote economic growth and stability.11. Education.Education is the study of the process of teaching and learning. Education students learn about the principles of curriculum development, instructional design, and assessment, and how to create effective learning environments.12. Engineering.Engineering is the application of scientific and mathematical principles to the design, construction, and operation of structures, machines, and systems. Engineers work in a variety of fields, including civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering.13. English.English is the study of the English language and literature. English students learn about the history, structure, and usage of the English language, and how to read, write, and speak effectively.14. Environmental Science.Environmental science is the study of the environment and the interactions between humans and the natural world. Environmental scientists work to understand the causes and effects of environmental problems, and to develop solutions to these problems.15. History.History is the study of the past. Historians work to reconstruct the events of the past, and to understand the causes and consequences of those events.。

我最喜欢的艺术course英语作文

我最喜欢的艺术course英语作文One of my favorite art courses is art history. I find it incredibly fascinating to study and analyze the development of art throughout different time periods and cultures. Learning about the various art movements, influential artists, and iconic artworks provides a deeper appreciation for the significance and impact of art on society.Studying art history allows me to gain a better understanding of the cultural, political, and social contexts in which art was created. It also helps me to recognize the evolution of artistic techniques, styles, and themes over time. By examining different art movements such as Renaissance, Baroque, Impressionism, and Modernism, I can see how art has been used as a form of expression, communication, and reflection of the human experience.Moreover, delving into art history enables me to develop critical thinking skills as I analyze and interpret the symbolism, meaning, and messages conveyed in various artworks. It also broadens my perspective on different artistic traditions and aesthetics from around the world,allowing me to appreciate the diversity and richness of global art history.Studying art history not only enhances my knowledge of art but also provides me with insights into the broader historical and cultural contexts that have shaped the world we live in today. It encourages me to think critically about the role of art in society and its enduring impact on shaping human experiences and perceptions.我最喜欢的艺术课程之一是艺术史。

英语作文介绍中国传统艺术形式

英语作文介绍中国传统艺术形式全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Traditional Chinese arts have a long history and rich cultural significance. From painting and calligraphy to opera and martial arts, Chinese traditional arts encompass a wide range of forms that have been passed down from generation to generation.One of the most well-known forms of Chinese traditional art is Chinese painting, which dates back to ancient times. Chinese painting often features landscapes, flowers, and animals, and is known for its use of ink and brush strokes to create intricate and detailed images. Artists such as Shen Zhou and Qi Baishi are famous for their work in this medium, which continues to be admired and practiced today.Another important form of Chinese traditional art is calligraphy, which is the artistic writing of Chinese characters. Calligraphy is highly regarded in Chinese culture, and calligraphers spend years mastering the various styles and techniques of this art form. Calligraphy is often used in poetry,painting, and other forms of art to add beauty and elegance to the written word.Chinese opera is another traditional art form that has been popular for centuries. There are several different styles of Chinese opera, including Peking opera and Cantonese opera, each with its own unique costumes, music, and performance techniques. Chinese opera combines music, dance, acrobatics, and acting to tell stories from Chinese history and mythology.Martial arts, such as kung fu and tai chi, are also important forms of traditional Chinese art. These practices have a long history in Chinese culture and are often associated with strength, discipline, and balance. Martial arts are not only a form of physical exercise but also a way to cultivate mental and spiritual wellbeing.In addition to these traditional art forms, Chinese embroidery, porcelain, paper-cutting, and sculpture are also important parts of Chinese culture. These art forms have been practiced for centuries and continue to be valued for their beauty and craftsmanship.Overall, Chinese traditional arts play a significant role in Chinese culture and heritage. They reflect the country's long history, rich cultural traditions, and artistic achievements. AsChinese traditional arts continue to be passed down through generations, they will undoubtedly remain an important part of Chinese identity and legacy.篇2Introduction to Chinese Traditional Art FormsChina has a rich cultural heritage that spans thousands of years, and this is reflected in its traditional art forms. From painting and calligraphy to music and dance, Chinese traditional art forms are not only beautiful but also steeped in history and tradition. In this article, we will explore some of the key art forms that have been practiced in China for centuries.1. Chinese PaintingChinese painting is one of the oldest and most highly regarded art forms in China. It can be traced back to as early as the Neolithic period, with examples of early Chinese paintings dating back to the 5th century BC. Chinese painting typically features landscapes, flowers, birds, and other natural subjects, and is characterized by its use of brush and ink on paper or silk. Artists often use traditional materials such as rice paper and ink sticks to create their masterpieces.2. CalligraphyCalligraphy is another important traditional art form in China, and is often considered a form of painting in its own right. Chinese calligraphy is prized for its beauty and expressiveness, and is often used as a means of artistic expression. Calligraphers use a brush and ink to create characters on paper or silk, and each brushstroke is carefully planned and executed to create a harmonious and balanced composition.3. Chinese OperaChinese opera is a traditional form of musical theater that combines music, singing, acting, and acrobatics. There are many regional styles of Chinese opera, each with its own unique characteristics and traditions. Some of the most famous forms of Chinese opera include Peking opera, Cantonese opera, and Sichuan opera. Chinese opera performances often feature elaborate costumes, intricate makeup, and stylized movements.4. Traditional Chinese MusicTraditional Chinese music is a diverse and rich art form that includes a wide range of instruments, such as the guzheng, pipa, and erhu. Chinese music is often characterized by its use of pentatonic scales and unique instruments, and is sometimes accompanied by traditional Chinese poetry or lyrics. Traditional Chinese music is an important part of Chinese cultural festivalsand ceremonies, and is often used to evoke a sense of nostalgia and tradition.5. Chinese DanceChinese dance is a vibrant and expressive art form that has been practiced in China for centuries. Traditional Chinese dances often tell stories or convey emotions through movements, gestures, and facial expressions. Some of the most famous forms of Chinese dance include the dragon dance, the lion dance, and the ribbon dance. Chinese dance is often performed at special occasions and celebrations, such as weddings, festivals, and parades.In conclusion, Chinese traditional art forms are a testament to the rich cultural heritage of China. From painting and calligraphy to music and dance, Chinese art forms are not only beautiful but also deeply meaningful and symbolic. By studying and preserving these traditional art forms, we can gain a greater appreciation of Chinese culture and history.篇3Introduction to Traditional Chinese Art FormsChina is known for its rich history and vibrant culture, which is reflected in its traditional art forms. These art forms have beenpassed down through generations and continue to be celebrated and preserved in modern times. From painting to calligraphy, from opera to martial arts, Chinese traditional art forms encompass a wide range of disciplines that showcase the beauty and diversity of Chinese culture.One of the most well-known traditional Chinese art forms is Chinese painting, which dates back thousands of years. Chinese painting is characterized by its use of brush and ink to create intricate and elegant landscapes, portraits, and still-life compositions. Artists often draw inspiration from nature, incorporating elements such as mountains, rivers, trees, and flowers into their work. Through the use of brush strokes and shading techniques, Chinese paintings convey a sense of harmony and balance that is deeply rooted in Chinese philosophy.Another traditional Chinese art form that is highly regarded is Chinese calligraphy. Calligraphy is considered one of the highest forms of art in China and has a long history that dates back to ancient times. Calligraphy is the art of writing Chinese characters with a brush and ink, and it is valued not only for its aesthetic appeal but also for its ability to convey meaning and emotion through the written word. Each stroke of the brush iscarefully executed to create beautiful, flowing characters that are both visually striking and culturally significant.In addition to painting and calligraphy, Chinese opera is another important traditional art form that has been practiced for centuries. Chinese opera combines music, dance, acting, and elaborate costumes to tell stories from Chinese history, mythology, and literature. There are several regional styles of Chinese opera, each with its own unique characteristics and performance traditions. Traditional Chinese opera performances are a feast for the senses, with colorful costumes, intricate makeup, and dynamic movements that captivate audiences and bring stories to life on stage.Traditional Chinese martial arts, or kung fu, is another art form that has gained worldwide recognition for its beauty, discipline, and skill. Kung fu encompasses a wide range of fighting styles, each with its own techniques, forms, and philosophies. Practitioners of kung fu undergo rigorous training to develop strength, agility, and precision in their movements. Through the practice of kung fu, martial artists strive to achieve harmony between mind, body, and spirit, as well as mastery of their chosen fighting style.In conclusion, traditional Chinese art forms are a testament to the creativity, craftsmanship, and cultural heritage of the Chinese people. From painting and calligraphy to opera and martial arts, these art forms have played a significant role in shaping Chinese identity and preserving its rich cultural traditions. As China continues to modernize and evolve, it is essential to recognize and celebrate the beauty and diversity of traditional Chinese art forms, ensuring that they continue to be treasured and preserved for future generations to enjoy.。

中国文化博物馆展览内容英语作文

中国文化博物馆展览内容英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The National Museum of China, also known as the China National Museum, is located in Beijing and is one of the largest museums in the world. One of the most important parts of the museum is the China Culture Exhibition, where visitors can learn about the rich and diverse cultural heritage of China.The China Culture Exhibition at the National Museum of China features a wide range of artifacts and exhibits that showcase the history, art, and traditions of the Chinese people. The exhibition is divided into several sections, each focusing on a different aspect of Chinese culture.One of the highlights of the China Culture Exhibition is the Ancient Chinese Art Gallery, where visitors can admire exquisite works of art from various dynasties, including paintings, calligraphy, ceramics, and sculptures. The gallery also features rare treasures such as jade carvings, bronze ware, and silk textiles.Another must-see section of the exhibition is the Folk Customs Display, which provides insights into the everyday lives of Chinese people throughout history. Visitors can explore traditional costumes, household items, and religious practices, gaining a deeper understanding of Chinese customs and traditions.The China Culture Exhibition also showcases the rich history of Chinese literature and philosophy, with interactive displays that introduce visitors to renowned poets, philosophers, and literary works. Visitors can learn about the contributions of Confucius, Laozi, and other great thinkers, as well as explore excerpts from classic Chinese texts.In addition to the permanent exhibits, the China Culture Exhibition at the National Museum of China also hosts temporary exhibitions and cultural events throughout the year. These special events feature contemporary artists, cultural performances, and educational programs that offer a fresh perspective on Chinese culture.Overall, the China Culture Exhibition at the National Museum of China is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in learning about the diverse and vibrant culture of China. With its rich collection of artifacts, interactive displays, and culturalevents, the exhibition provides a comprehensive overview of Chinese history, art, and traditions. Visitors leave the museum with a newfound appreciation for the depth and complexity of Chinese culture, as well as a desire to learn more about this fascinating civilization.篇2The China National Museum of Chinese History is a treasure trove of historical artifacts and cultural relics that showcase the rich heritage and diverse traditions of China. The museum's exhibits cover a wide range of topics, including ancient civilizations, imperial dynasties, traditional arts and crafts, and modern history.One of the highlights of the museum is the collection of ancient artifacts from various dynasties, such as pottery, paintings, calligraphy, and jade artifacts. Visitors can marvel at the intricate craftsmanship and detailed designs of these historical treasures, which provide valuable insights into the daily lives and artistic achievements of ancient Chinese people.Another fascinating exhibit at the museum is the display of imperial artifacts from the Qing and Ming dynasties. These artifacts include exquisite palace treasures, royal costumes, andceremonial objects that highlight the opulence and grandeur of China's imperial past. Visitors can also admire the intricate decorations and symbolic motifs found on these artifacts, which reflect the deep-rooted cultural beliefs and traditions of the ruling elite.In addition to the ancient and imperial collections, the museum also features a wide range of exhibits on traditional Chinese arts and crafts, such as ceramics, folk art, and embroidery. These exhibits showcase the diversity and beauty of Chinese artistic traditions, as well as the skill and creativity of Chinese artisans.Furthermore, the museum's modern history exhibits offer a comprehensive overview of China's tumultuous past, including the revolutionary struggles, political movements, and social changes that have shaped the country's recent history. Visitors can learn about key historical events, such as the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Cultural Revolution, and the economic reforms of the late 20th century.Overall, the China National Museum of Chinese History is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in learning more about China's rich cultural heritage and historical legacy. With its wide range of exhibits and historical artifacts, the museum offersa fascinating journey through the centuries of Chinese history and tradition. Whether you are a history buff, an art enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, the museum's diverse collections and informative exhibits are sure to captivate and inspire visitors of all ages.篇3The China Culture Museum is a fascinating and immersive place where visitors can explore the rich history and diverse cultural heritage of China. The museum is dedicated to preserving and showcasing various aspects of Chinese culture, including art, literature, philosophy, religion, customs, and traditions.One of the most prominent and captivating exhibitions in the museum is the display of ancient Chinese artifacts. These artifacts provide a glimpse into the past, allowing visitors to learn about the daily lives, beliefs, and aesthetics of ancient Chinese people. From intricately crafted pottery and bronze ware to exquisite jade sculptures and silk garments, the artifacts offer a visual feast that captures the sophistication and artistry of ancient Chinese civilization.Another highlight of the museum is the exhibition on Chinese calligraphy and painting. Chinese calligraphy and painting are two of the most esteemed art forms in Chinese culture, valued for their elegance, expressiveness, and symbolic significance. The museum's collection of calligraphy scrolls, ink wash paintings, and seal carvings showcase the diverse styles and techniques of Chinese artists throughout history. Visitors can appreciate the beauty of brushwork, the harmony of composition, and the poetic essence of Chinese calligraphy and painting.In addition to the visual arts, the museum also features exhibitions on traditional Chinese music, dance, theater, and folk customs. Visitors can listen to the melodies of ancient Chinese instruments, watch mesmerizing performances of traditional dance and opera, and learn about the significance of festivals and rituals in Chinese society. These displays offer insights into the spiritual beliefs, social values, and aesthetic sensibilities of the Chinese people.Furthermore, the museum hosts temporary exhibitions on different themes related to Chinese culture, such as the Silk Road, Confucianism, Chinese cuisine, and traditional craftsmanship. These exhibitions provide a more in-depth exploration of specificaspects of Chinese culture, offering a comprehensive understanding of the diversity and complexity of Chinese civilization.Overall, the China Culture Museum is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Chinese culture and history. Through its diverse and insightful exhibitions, the museum serves as a bridge connecting the past and present, East and West, tradition and modernity. Visitors can gain a deeper appreciation of the beauty, wisdom, and heritage of Chinese culture, and cultivate a greater understanding and respect for the cultural diversity of our world.。

中考英语艺术鉴赏单选题80题

中考英语艺术鉴赏单选题80题1. The painting "Mona Lisa" is known for its ________ smile.A. mysteriousB. obviousC. simpleD. common答案：A。

本题考查形容词词义辨析。

“mysterious”意为神秘的，“Mona Lisa”（《蒙娜丽莎》）这幅画以其神秘的微笑著称，A 选项符合语境。

B 选项“obvious”明显的；C 选项“simple”简单的；D 选项“common”常见的，均不符合这幅画微笑的特点。

2. Which artist is famous for his Cubist paintings?A. Vincent van GoghB. Pablo PicassoC. Leonardo da VinciD. Claude Monet答案：B。

本题考查著名艺术家的艺术流派。

Pablo Picasso（《巴勃罗·毕加索）以立体派绘画闻名，B 选项正确。

A 选项Vincent van Gogh（《文森特·梵高）是后印象派画家；C 选项Leonardo da Vinci（《列奥纳多·达·芬奇）是文艺复兴时期的画家；D 选项Claude Monet（《克劳德·莫奈）是印象派画家。

3. The sculpture "David" was created by ________.A. MichelangeloB. DonatelloC. BerniniD. Rodin答案：A。

本题考查雕塑作品的创作者。

“David”（《大卫》）这一雕塑是由Michelangelo（《米开朗基罗）创作的，A 选项正确。

B 选项Donatello（《多纳泰罗）；C 选项Bernini（《贝尼尼）；D 选项Rodin（《罗丹），均不是该作品的创作者。

【托福英语】History

T3-2 FILMcategory ['kætɪg(ə)rɪ] n. 种类，分类establish [ɪ'stæblɪʃ; e-] vt. 建立；创办；安置hybrid ['haɪbrɪd] n. 杂种，混血儿；混合物conform to符合；遵照classify ['klæsɪfaɪ] vt. 分类；分等confusing [kən'fju:ziŋ] v. 使迷惑；使混乱不清（confuse的ing形式）adj. 混乱的;令人困惑的fuse [fjuːz] v. 融合；熔化，熔融fiction ['fɪkʃ(ə)n] n. 小说；虚构，编造；谎言element ['elɪm(ə)nt] n. 元素；要素aquatic [ə'kwætɪk; -'kwɒt-]adj. 水生的；水栖的creature ['kriːtʃə] n. 动物，生物；人；创造物display [dɪ'spleɪ] vt. 显示；表现；陈列mollusk ['mɒləsk] n. [无脊椎] 软体动物narration [nə'reɪʃ(ə)n] n. 叙述，讲述；故事portray [pɔː'treɪ] vt. 描绘；扮演uncanny [ʌn'kænɪ] adj. 神秘的；离奇的；可怕的suspicious [sə'spɪʃəs] adj. 可疑的；怀疑的；多疑的innovator ['ɪnə,vetɚ] n. 改革者，创新者investigate [ɪn'vestɪgeɪt] v. 调查；研究documentary [dɒkjʊ'ment(ə)rɪ] n. 纪录片artistic [ɑː'tɪstɪk] adj. 艺术的；风雅的；有美感的incorporate [ɪn'kɔːpəreɪt] vt. 包含，吸收；体现；把……合并straightforward [streɪt'fɔːwəd] adj. 简单的；坦率的；明确的1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?A.To discuss the style of an early filmmakerB.To describe different types of filmmaking in the 1930sC.To discuss the emergence of the documentary filmD.To describe Painleve’s influence on today’s science-fiction films2.Why are Painleve’s films typical of the films of the 1920s and 1930s?A.They do not have soundB.They are filmed underwaterC.They are easy to understandD.They difficult to categorize3.According to the professor, how did Painleve’s film confuse the audience?A.They show animals out of their natural habitatB.They depict animals as having both human and animal characteristicsC.The narration is scientific and difficult to understandD.The audiences of the 1920s and 1930s were not used to films shot underwater4.Why does the professor mention sea horses?A.To explain that they were difficult to film in the 1930sB.To point out that Cousteau made documentaries about themC.To illustrate Pianleve’s fascination with unusual animalsD.To explain why Painleve’s underwater films were not successful5.Why does the professor compare the film style of Jacques Cousteau and Jean Painleve?A.To explain how Painleve influenced CousteauB.To emphasize the uniqueness of Painleves filming styleC.To emphasize the artistic value of Cousteau’s documentary filmsD.To demonstrate the superiority of Painleve’s filmmaking equipment6.What does the student imply when he say this:A.He does not like Jean Painleve’s filmsB.He thinks that the professor should spend more time discussing Jacques Cousteau’s filmC.He believes that high quality filmmakers are usually well knownD.He believes that Jean Painleve’s film have been unfairly overlookedT3-3 ARTT7-1 THEATERT8-2 ART Pariscanny ['kæni] adj. 精明的，谨慎的；节约的premiere [prɪ'mɪr] adj. 首位的；初次的vi. / vt.初次公演n. 初次演出；女主角progressive [prə'ɡrɛsɪv] adj. 进步的；先进的n. 改革论者；进步分子savvy ['sævi]n. 悟性；理解能力；懂行（的人）vt. 理解；懂vi. 理解；知道12. What is the lecture mainly about?A. Why the Salon exhibitions became popular among women artists in ParisB. Why French society did not approve of art schools or womenC How opportunities for women artists in Paris improvedD. How women artists in Paris cooperated with one another13. What point does the professor mak e about Julian when he mentions that Julian’s art school offered some classes onlyfor women?A. Julian’s school was the first art school in Paris to offer women-only classesB. Julian wanted to encourage the distinctive style of women in ParisC. Julian viewed himself as a social reformerD. Julian possessed outstanding business skills14. What does the professor emphasize as one benefit of competition in women’s classes?A. Women gained more confidence in their artistic abilitiesB. Women became instructors in private art studiosC. Women were able to sell their paintings for large amounts of moneyD. Women created new styles of painting15. According to the professor, what were two ways that the situation of women artists had changed by then end of thenineteenth century in Paris? Click on 2 answers.A. Women and men took art classes togetherB. Women artists played a greater role in the Salon exhibitionsC. More schools were established by women artistsD. Fewer women artists were traveling to Paris16. What does the professor imply about Bashkirtseffs’ painting In the Studio?A. It was one of many paintings that depicted a women’s studioB. It did not bring Bashkirtseff recognition for her artistic abilityC. It was criticized for an unrealistic depiction of women artistsD. It was beneficial for both Bashkirtseff and the school where she studied17. Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.What does the professor mean when he says this?A. Paris was a popular place to visit, but not the best place to study artB. Paris was the most important place for an artist to study and workC. Living in Paris was difficult for women artists from other countriesD. Studying in Paris was beneficial for some artists, but not for others. T8-3 HISTORYquartz [kwɔrts] n. 石英magnify ['mæɡnɪfaɪ] vt. 放大；赞美；夸大vi. 放大；有放大能力societal [sə'saɪətl] adj. 社会的affluence ['æflʊəns] n. 富裕；丰富；流入；汇聚6. What is the lecture mainly about?A. Political events that led to the invention of eyeglassesB. A comparison of attitudes toward vision correction in Europe and ChinaC. The relationship between the printing press and literacyD. An overview of vision correction over time7. According to the professor, what was an advantage of using clear glass instead of quartz to make reading stones?A. Clear glass was easier to find than quartzB. Clear glass was easier to cut to the appropriate sizeC. Clear glass magnified the letters more than quartz didD. Clear glass was less expensive than quartz8. What does the professor imply about the invention of eyeglass?A. Its historical records are more detailed than those of other inventionsB. It has little impact on social attitudes toward vision correctionC. Its occurrence in different places at approximately the same time is out unusualD. It contributed to a substantial increase in the number of literate people.9. Which sentence best describe eyeglasses before the invention of the printing press?A.They were available to everyoneB.They were a symbol of wealth and wisdomC.They could not correct vision accuratelyD.They could be bought only from traveling peddlers10. Put the events in the order that they happenedClick on a sentence. Then drag it to the space where it belongs11. Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.11. What does the professor imply when she says this?A. She is impressed by the solutionB. The solution she describe is obviousC. The solution was not a common practiceD. The solution was not particularly expensive T10-2 EUROPEANT15-3 ARTT16-2 MUSICT16-4 ART stained glassT17-1 art historycivilization [,sivilai'zeiʃən,-li'z-]n. 文明；timekeeping ['taim,ki:piŋ]n. 计时；时间obligation [,ɔbli'ɡeiʃən]n. 义务；职责；keep track of 记录；与…保持联系addresse：从事于divide into 把……分成inundation [,inʌn'deiʃən]n. 洪水；泛滥subsidence [səb'saidəns]n. 下沉；沉淀；submerged [səb'mə:dʒd]adj. 水下的，subsidence [səb'saidəns]n. 下沉；沉淀；recede [ri'si:d]vi. 后退；减弱|vt. 归还fertile ['fə:tail]adj. 富饶的，肥沃的；silt [silt]n. 淤泥，泥沙crops n. 农作物barley ['bɑ:li]n. 大麦phases ['feisi:z]n. 阶段，predictably [pri'diktəbli]adv. 可预言地complicated ['kɔmplikeitid]adj. 难懂的，复杂的average ['ævəridʒ]n. 平均；平均数；海损Sirius ['siəriəs]n. [天] 天狼星heliacal [hi:'laiəkəl]adj. 太阳的heliacal rising：晨出indicator ['indikeitə]n. 指示器lunar ['lju:nə]adj. 月亮的reliable [ri'laiəbl]adj. 可靠的adjusted [ə'dʒʌstid]adj. 调整过的festival ['festəvəl]n. 节日administrative [əd'ministrətiv]adj. 管理的，行政的inconvenient [,inkən'vi:njənt]adj. 不便的alongside [ə'lɔŋ'said]adv. 在旁边bureaucratic [,bjurəu'krætik]adj. 官僚的1.What is the lecture mainly about?A.Differences between modern and ancient calendarsB.The importance of astronomy in Egyptian religionC.The timekeeping systems of ancient EgyptD.How to use agritulture as a method timekeeping2.Why does the professor mention the names of the seasons in ancient Egypt?A.To explain the importance of religionB.To emphasize the significance of the Nile RiverC.To indicate when different types of crops were harvestedD.To describe early discoveries in astronomy3.Why was the heliacal rising of Sirius important to the Egyptians? Click on 2 answersA.It helped determine the beginning of the New YearB.It was used to calculate the length of the monthC.It marked the beginning of harvest timeD.It indicated when the Nile would flood4.Once the Egyptians realized the significance of the heliacal rising of Sirius, what change did they make to theiragricultural calendar?A.They made each month exactly 30 days.B.They shortened the length of the yearC.They added a religious festival date to celebrate the heliacal rising of SiriusD.They allowed the number of months in the year to vary.5.What are two points the professor made about the administrative calendar?Click on 2 answersA.It included more religious festivals than did the other calendarB.It was used for scheduling tax paymentsC.It had the same number of days every yearD.It used the Moon to determine the beginning of the year11. What is the professor explaining when she says this?A.The weakness of the Egyptian bureaucracyB.The Egyptians' motivations for developing a second calendarC.The importance of accurately predicating when the Nile would floodD.The problems that result from using two calendars.T18-2 Art Roman sculptureT18-3 European History SpiceT19-4 Cecilia Beauxexpressionist [ik'spreʃənist] adj. 表现主义的portrait ['pɔrtrɪt, -,tret, 'por-] n. 肖像, 画像1.What aspect of Alice Neel's work does the class mainly discuss?The ways that her artistic style developed over timeThe influence of photography on her portraitsThe style she used to portray her subjectsCriticism of her approach to Realism and Expressionism2.What point does the professor make about photography and portraiture in the twentieth century? Painters began to produce more lifelike portraits in imitation of photography.Photography largely replaced the tradition of portrait painting.Photographers followed the style of portrait painters in creating their work.Both photography and portrait painting were considered inferior art.3.According to the professor, what two aspects of Neel's work are characteristic of Expressionism? Click on 2 answersThe depiction of unusual objectThe way the subjects' faces are portrayedThe shape of the subjects' bodiesThe use of color in the paintings4.According to the professor, why did Neel paint portraits?She felts that it was the best way to represent a time period.She enjoyed the technical challenge of painting portraits.She found that it was too difficult to earn a living painting abstract art.She followed the lead of Expressionist painters who also painted portraits.5.Why does the professor discuss the variety of people in Neel's portraits?To explain why it took Neel a long time to find her characteristic style To explain why Neel experimented with genres other than portraiture To identify elements of Realism and Expressionism in Neel's paintings To emphasize a distinctive feature of Neel's body of work6.Why does the professor say this:To influence the students' opinions about Alice Neel's workTo suggest that Alice Neel created her best paintings late in her career To reinforce the fact that Neel's work was not appreciatedTo show that Alice Neel's situation was similar to his ownT22-C2 music history professorT22-4 music。

信仰的奇迹——15-17世纪三幅“基督复活”作品图像研究

摘要：一个文本生发出很多互文本，这是系列化的基础。

《圣经·新约》的“耶稣复活”情节引发出了一系列耶稣复活互文本。

本文着重考察了15—17世纪的艺术家弗朗切斯卡、提香、伦勃朗三人的“耶稣复活”画作，通过对其进行深度的分析，揭示三幅作品所具有的文化意义，透视《圣经》文本改写作品与社会变迁的复杂关系。

关键词：基督复活；哥特式抒情；人文主义；世俗情感“基督复活”是基督教的重要信条之一，体现出人类对生命本意的不懈追求，唤起了更新和启蒙的希望。

然而在四部福音书中，对这一事件的经过都只字未提，只是通过天使、玛利亚和士兵等人的话语来间接证明基督的复活。

相比较而言，《马太福音》最接近这一奇迹的叙述，它通过士兵的行为来象征耶稣复活，书中说大地震动，天使从天上下来，把石头滚开，看守的人就因他吓得浑身乱颤，甚至和死人一样。

①西方艺术史中，因为缺乏可以作为参考的文字，对这一场景的描述并不是很多，其风格大致可以分为三类，由象征性、符号性的表达转向事件性描绘，在现代宗教艺术中，又回归到神秘性的表现。

一、“基督复活”情节在艺术作品中的体现约公元350年的一件石棺上（图1），是这样描绘“基督复活”的：看守坟墓的两位士兵在十字架的两端分别昏昏欲睡和仰头思考，十字架上方是基督教会的标志——“克·勒花押字”，由圆环包围着，而在十字架上的两只鸽子②用嘴转动圆环，或许暗示基督即将或已经复活。

可以看出，早期的作品通过简单的符号化表达，暗示“基督复活”这一重要信念。

自文艺复兴时期开始，艺术家们在刻画宗教题材的作品时，其精神内涵逐渐由神性过渡到人性。

弗朗切斯卡、拉斐尔、提香、格列柯、伦勃朗等人都曾描绘过“基督复活”这一主题。

在他们的作品中，艺术家通过想象刻画了经文中未提到的事件，将基督复活表现为现实事件，画面充满戏剧性，中世纪唯灵论的世界观逐渐让位于叙事的世俗情感。

20世纪，随着抽象、非具象艺术的崛起，基督复活这一事件被赋予了神秘性。

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15-3 Art History

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