Unit 6 Text A Word Study
word study for Text A, unit 3
suppress the truth
initiative
the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for sb. to tell you what to do
fixed expressions
initiate
to begin
他主动去找老板，坦白了一切。 He went to see the boss on his own initiative and confessed everything.
☛ take the initiative
Peter took the initiative in clearing up the mess, and the other boys followed his example.
Fill in the blank: entertainment He fell in the water, much to the ____________ of the children.
hence
Sentence in Text A
The world today is filled with dangers, hence the sick joke that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization is that civilizations tend to destroy themselves when they reach our stage. (L63)
alien
1) belonging to another country or race; foreign 2) very different from what you are used to; strange alien life-forms 外星球的生命形式 外星文明
unit 6研究生英语读与写(第三版)-
The brain develops differently and has trouble with an important job: making sense of the world.
Background information
D. Causes and Risk Factors
“We do not know all of the causes of ASD.”
It is one of the recognized disorders in the autism spectrum which refers to a range of developmental disabilities that includes autism as well as other disorders with similar characteristics like Asperger syndrome (AS).
Background information
B. Facts about ASD
• There is often nothing about how people with ASD look that sets them apart from others.
• People with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in ways that are different from most other people.
实用综合教程(第二版)1-Unit_6__课后解答
Text A / ComprehensionA. Choose the best answer according to the text.Key: 1.A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. BB. Complete the following sentences orally with your partner.1.Key: it was already a heavy burden for his parents to support him2.Key: check the candidates’ references3.Key: the time slot was ideal; the restaurant wasn’t very far from his college4.Key: Sir, I will do my best. I’m from the countryside and I’m good at hard work. And I can work two days for free as a trial5.Key: excited and thankful.C. Make a dialogue with your partner according to the situation described below.W: Hello…B: You are too late.W: But sir, I’ll do my best. I’m from the countryside and I’m good at hard work. And I can work two days for free as a trial .B: I want a boy who not only works hard but also keeps clean . Remember it is a restaurant. But look at your hands and clothes !W: Yes, I’m not very clean now. But you know, I have been hunti ng for a job for a whole day . B: Really? It is difficult to look for jobs nowadays.W: Oh, sir, I’ll keep myself clean and tidy . I promise I will work very hard, sir, if only you could give me this chance .B: All right, all right, I’ll give you a tr y .W: Thank you, sir!B: Leave me your telephone number and references . I need to have more personal information about you.W: Oh, no problem. Here is my resume .B: That’s good. Let’s see. You may come to work here the day after tomorrow .W: All right! I will be here on time .B: OK, you can go now.W: Thanks again. See you the day after tomorrow .Vocabulary Building / ExercisesA.Match each word with their proper Chinese meaning.B.Fill in each blank with a given word or expression in their rightform.1. The train would pull out soon. We ran like mad to catch it.2. My old grandmother has / had difficulty in remembering things.3. The company employs / employed / has employed about 100 men.4. She checked the letter before sending it.5. We are not prepared to accept the big change in the plan.6. It’s too late to go to the basketball match now;besides , it’s beginning torain.7. We’ve been hunting for the lost boy all over the town.8. It’s a good habit to go for a walk after supper.Grammar Tips / ExercisesA. Complete each sentence with the given verb in its indefinite tense.1. Tom plays (play) football with his friends after school.2. They read (read) stories every night before going to bed.3. The classroom has (have) eight big windows.4. Did you visit (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. —Did he fly (fly) a kite on Sunday? — Yes, he did .6. We went (go) strawberry picking in the spring break.7. You will feel (feel) cold without an overcoat.8. Her father is going to buy (buy) her a dress for her birthday.9. You are to finish (finish) all the work by the end of today.10. I will give (give) it to you as soon as he comes back.B. Choose the best answer.1. Where does your pen pal live?A. No, she live in the country.B. She live in the city.C. She lives in the city.D. She isn’t live near.2. When does she go to work?A. She go to work at 7.B. She goes to work at 7.C. Yes, she does.D. She is goes at 7.3. Does Peter go to school by subway?A. No, he does.B. No, he doesn’t.C. Yes, on foot.D. Yes, he is.4. — Your city looks beautiful!— Yes. Lots of trees and grass ________ last year.A. are plantedB. have plantedC. were plantingD. were planted5. The PLA ________ in 1927.A. was foundB. foundC. was foundedD. founded6. — Did you win the basketball game?— Bad luck. Our team ________ in the final round.A. wonB. beatC. were wonD. were beaten7. — What did you do last Saturday?— I ________ my uncle.A. visitB. will visitC. visitedD. am visiting8. —Let’s go out to play football, shall we?— OK. I ________.A. will comingB. be going to comeC. comeD. am coming9. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.A. takesB. costsC. spendsD. will spend10. The train ________ at 11.A. going to arriveB. will be arriveC. is going toD. is arrivingC. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese.1. 父亲和孩子们每周日下午都去游泳。
Unit-6-How-to-Write-a-Rotten-Poem-with-Almost-No-E
tragedy as subgenres.
第9页
Text Analysis Structural Analysis Rhetorical Features
Modern life is more about material and tangible goods than about spirit pursuit. We set clear targets for our future, neglecting that we are gradually losing one joy that human kind usually have: the fun of spontaneity. The writer of this essay reminds us that poetry, especially creating poems, can provide us such pleasure. Though the writer of this essay writes in a half-mocking tone, and the method he introduces will not ensure us to create a wonderful, or even presentable poem, his real purpose is to make the creation of a poem less difficult than we may imagine and to induce amateurs to set their first steps on their journey to a more aesthetic life.
Unit_6_I'm_going_to_study_computer_science_Section_B_1
13. weekly adj. & adv. 每周的（地） e.g. We play chess twice weekly. 我们每周下两次象棋。 14. schoolwork n. 学校作业（不可数名词） e.g. I will do better in my schoolwork. 我会在作业方面做得更好 一些。
8. discuss v. 讨论；商量 e.g. Let’s discuss the housing problem. 让我们来讨论一下住房的 问题。 9. promise n. 承诺；诺言 e.g. If you make a promise, you should keep it. 如果你许了诺，你就应该遵守它。
5. question v. 表示疑问；怀疑；提问
e.g. I question the truth of the story. 我对这个故事的真实性表示怀 疑。 拓展：question 还可做名词， 意为“问题” e.g. People don’t like to ask questions about money. 人们不喜欢问钱的问题。
Sounds good. I want to join a music club.
2a Discuss the questions with your partner.
Did you make any resolutions last year? Were you able to keep them? Why?
1e
Make a list of other resolutions and how you are going to make them work. Then discuss them with your group. How to make them work
外研社2024学术英语(理工)(第二版)-U6课件
Unit Contents
1 Critical reading
Critical thinking (distinguishing between facts and opinions) Understanding the text Enhancing language ability Doing research projects
1. What example does the speaker give when he describes the size of nanometer? A nanometer is even smaller than a hundred-thousandth the width of a human hair.
2. Why does the speaker mention Star Trek, an American science fiction series? What we thought unbelievable can become a very real possibility.
3. What’s the function of assemblers? They can replicate themselves and produce anything.
word and phrase in each row may not be a synonym for
the words or phrase in bold. Cross it out if any. (P226)
Paras. 1-10
1○
2○
3○
6 drastically 7 ○
8○
4 conduct 9○
1. Critical Reading
Unit 6 Mass Media(TextA & Grammar)
Language points in paragraph 4
2）investment: n. [U and C] the use of money to get a profit 投资，投资额，(时间、精力等的)投 入 [(+in)] e.g.: He made a large investment in the business enterprise. 他对那个企业作了大量投资。
e.g.: She is now a popular film star. 她现在是有名的影星。
Translation for paragraph 1
微博——下一件大事 Nelly Min
微博将成为中国在线广告市场的下一 个战场。而这一做法也更受到中国民的 欢迎。
Para. 2 of Text A
Pre-reading Tasks
❖Task 1 Before reading the passage, name three things that you’d like to use when you want to communicate online.
❖Task 2 Discuss your response with your partner. See whether you have something in common.
销售超过了我的预料。 His older brother exceeds him in intelligence. 他的哥哥比他聪明。
Language points in paragraph 2
3)promote: vt. to help something to develop or increase, to give someone a better, 促进，增进 ，发扬，提升，宣传，推销 e.g.: Your job is to promote the new product.
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-6词汇及课后答案(word文档良心出品)
unit 6EmploymentWord Bankass: n. hip (top<->bottom<->margin)臀部; hip-shoot莽撞(audio-:与听力有关->) audition(interview: n./vt.-> interviewer<-> interviewee; trainer教练<->trainee受训者; addresser演讲人<->addressee听众)；employer雇主<->employee雇员): v. to take part in a trial performance试演，试播(push) cart->carriage/coach; auto-: 自动-> (auto + mobile->) automobile汽车; alto): n. the biography written by that person自传buyout: n. the entire purchase全部买下campaign: n. series of operations运动/ movement(celebrate->) celebrity: n. a famous person名人(circle园->cycle周期->recycle回收->circulate->) circulation: n. the number of copies of a publication发行量; public: (1)adj. ~property; (2)n., e.g. in public公开地；publicate =publish出版cognac: n. a brandy produced in the vicinity of cognac一种法国白兰地convention: n. (1)a formal meeting会议; 制度->conventional: adj. traditional传统的copywriter: n. one who writes copy, especially for advertising广告(文案)撰稿人；copier复印机; copyright版权(co + operate->) corporate (->corporation协作): adj. of a company公司的; student version 学生版; home version, professional version, corporate version企业版corporation: n. a company as a separate legal entity公司，法人[de-：(1)向下; (2)加强] dejected: adj. being in low (high) spirits; depressed垂头丧气的，情绪低落的; the Great Depression大萧条[monitor: (1) n. 班长/ 监视器；（2）监控] deputy: n. an assistant of authority for the superior 副手[despair: (1)n.; (2)vi.->] desperate: adj. losing all hope; despairing绝望的fold: v. to fail 失败formidable: adj. fearful; frightening可怕的，难对付的; be frightened be sth.(humiliate->) humiliation: n. degradation羞辱模糊的，难辨的: adv. (attention注意力) not attentively; carelessly未留心地，疏忽地nonprofit: adj. not seeking profits非盈利的; profit from sth.从中获利；profit sb.对…有利outsource: v. to subcontract外包: adj. excessively enthusiastic (->enthusiasm)过分热情的退休金，抚恤金激烈，e.g. ~ competition激烈的竞争) persevere: v. persist; hold on坚持不懈出版物rally: v. to reassemble; to restore , to rouse or to revive重整，重振；assemble组装->assembly lineretrospect: n. a review回顾评论; Peking Review北京周报ruse: (=trick) n. a strategy (->strategic missile战略导弹)诡计，计策;(secret: n. ->secretary->) secretarial: adj. of the secretary秘书的shorthand: n. a system of rapid handwriting速记; be short of sth. 短缺speedwriting: n. a form of shorthand that uses letters速记法temporary (->temporarily暂时地): adj. lasting for a limited time暂时的tenacity: n. perseverance坚韧(turbine涡轮->) turbulent: adj. restless; violent骚动的，动荡的Phrases and Expressionsbe on the air: to broadcast广播[On air]head for (make for / go to somewhere): to proceed for动身，前往keep sb. in line: to control sb.控制某人stand on sb's own (=self-rely): to be independent and responsible for oneself独立，自立thanks to: on account of; because of因为，由于Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. Right after graduation, the author ( B )A. worked as an editor of a magazineB. co-wrote a bookC. worked in a broadcasting companyD. became a secretary2. Why was the author fired? ( C )A. Because she had illegible handwriting.B. Because she had the ass of the company heads in four colors.C. Because she made a mistake when writing letters to the heads of major corporations.D. Because the editor didn't like her.3. Sherrye Henry lost the job because ( A )A. the organization had financial troublesB. she worked for Clinton AdministrationC. she was the last one inD. she was a female4. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Lynn Sherr? ( D )A. She was ABC's award-winning television correspondent.B. She was gainfully employed at WCBS-TVC. She was fired by WCBS.D. She has never been on the air.5. What does the author hope to convey in the article? ( A )A. If fired, don't give up, and you will find a fulfilling career.B. If fired, you should find a way back.C. If fired, your wings will help you.D. Losing a job is the biggest trouble in one's life.II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.(1) Fresh out of Barnard College and the Speedwriting Institute (Department), I was lucky enough to find a job as a (2) secretary to the editor of Coupon Magazine which was advertising dependent. I had distinctly illegible handwriting. In a letter to one of the heads of a major corporation, I (3) mistakenly wrote the d in ads as an s. The president who was invited received the letter to "have his ass in four colors" in our (4) publication. I was fired, but lucky enough to become the (5) copywriter of the editor. Firings happened later in my life. But with persistence, I gained my success. (6) Similar experiences happened to Sherrye Henry, Paul Jones, and Lynn Sherr. All of them chose to (7) persevere and they finally found ways back to a (8) fulfilling career. And they all learned that the pain and humiliation were (9) temporary. So don't be afraid to move on and try your (10) wings. Rally your support system. Firing doesn't mean your life is over. It might turn out to be the best thing that ever happened to you.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. ___A__ your advice (->advise), much trouble was avoided.A. Thanks toB. Supposes toC. SinceD. Despite2. She was __C___ in (pursue->) pursuit (law suit诉讼案) of her singing star. She followed him on most occasions.A. excessive过度的B. spontaneous同时/ 及时的C. overzealous 可得到的A. illegibleB. illegalC. obviousD. understandable4. By the way, I __B___ really must correct a false impression that I gave just nowA. attentively关切地B. inadvertently=carelessly (不注意的, 疏忽的, 无意中做的)C. intentionally=on purpose故意地D. insensibly不明智地5. The magazine has ceased (#stopped; cease fire# stop fire) __C___ in the financial crisis.A. publicity (n. 宣传->publicize: vt.)B. (promote->加薪/晋级->) promotionC. publication (n.)D. (prominent卓越的, 显著的, 突出的->) prominence (n.)6. Grandpa, who was born at the dawn (n. /vi. 黎明) of last century, experienced one of the most ___A__ periods of history.A. (turbine->) turbulentB. practical实用的C. legendary (adj.)富有传奇色彩的; leonovoD. perfect完美无缺的7. History shows us with what ___B__ the human race survives.A. difficultyB. tenacity坚韧不拔C. trouble (n. /vt.)D. [find->found->found; found->founded->founded->] foundation (基础)8. Prisoners are purposefully and ___D__ occupied (busy), thus reducing (减少) the risk of unrest (骚动). It also helps them develop (养成) the habit of doing meaningful work.A. pleasantly (令人愉快地)B. adversely (不利的, 敌对的, 相反的)C. (destructively<->) constructively建设性地D. gainfully有益9. One's school life seems (happy->) happier in __A___ than it really was (比实际情况好).A. retrospectB. respect (n./vt.)C. (solve->solution->solvent溶剂->resolve下决心->) resolution决心D. (resist->) resistance抵制10. He hasn't decided whether to pursue the __B___ for the senate (参议院-> senator参议员).A. operationB. campaignC. (war->) battle战役D. movement运动II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. persevere rally temporary stand on one's owncelebrity humiliation convention be on the air foldtenacity head for desperate impartdeject campaign1. They are determined to (=decide to do) persevere in the fight no matter how hard (=difficult) it is.2. After negotiation, they just reached a temporary agreement.3. That program has been on the air for 10 years.4. He is the one who never folds (fails/ bends in/ gives in屈服于压力) under pressure.5. He suffered (蒙受经济损失/ 遭受精神折磨, ~from an illness/ great loss of money) the humiliation of being forced to resign (辞职).6. After the football game, the players (=sportsmen/ athletes) headed for the bus.7. At the recent convention (meeting/ conference), the Democratic Party has elected its presidential (candle->) candidates ().8. They made a desperate attempt (try孤注一掷) to save the company from bankruptcy [->bankrupt 破产的; prevent sb. from doing阻止某人做某事]9. In the long (hike->) hiking (长途跋涉), they paused to refresh (relax) themselves and rally (重整旗鼓) their strength.10. A teacher's aim is to impart (传授convey) knowledge.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.Sherrye, returning home to New York City after a successful political career with the Clinton Administration and working on the Hill, was looking forward to a change of pace as a development officer for a large nonprofit. When the organization hit turbulent financial water, and she was the last one in, she was the first one out.Each of these people found a way back to a fulfilling career. And they all learned that the pain and humiliation are temporary. So don't be afraid to move on and try your wings. Rally your support system. Persevere! Firing doesn't mean your life is over. It might turn out to be the best thing that ever happened to you.参考译文：雪莉成功地在克林顿政府任职，在国会山工作之后回到家乡纽约市，在一家大型非营利机构做开发主管，她期望以此放缓工作节奏。
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 2课文翻译及课后习题答案
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 2课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit 2 LanguageText A Learn by TouchII. Word Study1) hearth2) repent3) tussle4) in the light of5) intercourse6) verbatim7) take the initiative8) gamut9) augmentation10) tactfulIII. Cloze1. B.2. A.3. A.4. C.5. D.6. B.7. A.8. C.9. C.10. D.11. C.12. A.13. D.14. C.15. A.16. C.17. D.18. C.19. A.20. B.IV. Translation1. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.博物馆和艺术品商店也是带给我快乐和灵感的源泉。
毫无疑问，很多人都觉得奇怪，不凭借视觉，手就能感觉到冰冷的大理石雕像的动作、情感和美；但我的确从触摸伟大的艺术作品中获得了真正的愉悦。
当我的指尖追寻那些起伏的线条时，它们自会发现艺术家所描绘的思想和情感。
我能从雕像的脸上感受到众神和英雄们的憎恨、勇气和爱，正如我能从允许我触摸的活人的脸上察觉出这些感情一样。
我从戴安娜的姿态中触摸到了森林的优雅与自由，还有那驯服山狮与慑服暴戾的气质。
维纳斯的静谧和优雅使我感受到了灵魂的喜悦；而巴雷的铜像则使我仿佛窥见了丛林的秘密。
2. Translate the following paragraphs into English.English is attached great importance in China where English training market is in full swing with so many training centers appearing. Many Chinese, old and young, have made learning English an important part of their daily life. Even preschoolers can remember hundreds of English words. However, behind this globalization is people’s deep concern for Chinese traditional culture.Fortunately, recent years have witnessed a surge of “back-to-the-ancients schools”. It’s said that “knowledge makes a gentleman’. The study of Chinese traditional culture and the reading of Chinese classics exposes students to a wide range of information and makes them well rounded. However, some people are still on the fence, and are ambivalent towards “back-to-the-ancients schools” because they consider this ancient wisdom to be out of tune with the times. In contrast, the Confucius Institute --- that promotes Chinese language and culture, supports local Chinese teaching internationally, and facilitates culture exchange --- has been popular worldwide. By the end of 2012, 400 Confucius Institutes and 535 Confucius Classrooms had been established in 108 countries and regions.课文翻译倚触而学海伦·凯勒1 我生命中最重要的日子是我的老师安妮·曼斯菲尔德·莎莉文到来的那一天。
实用综合教程(第二版)1-Unit_6__课后答案
Text A / ComprehensionA. Choose the best answer according to the text.Key: 1.A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. BB. Complete the following sentences orally with your partner.1.Key: it was already a heavy burden for his parents to support him2.Key: check the candidates’ references3.Key: the time slot was ideal; the restaurant wasn’t very far from his college4.Key: Sir, I will do my best. I’m from the countryside and I’m good at hard work. And I can work two days for free as a trial5.Key: excited and thankful.C. Make a dialogue with your partner according to the situation described below.W: Hello…B: You are too late.W: But sir, I’ll do my best. I’m from the countryside and I’m good at hard work. And I can work two days for free as a trial .B: I want a boy who not only works hard but also keeps clean . Remember it is a restaurant. But look at your hands and clothes !W: Yes, I’m not very clean now. But you know, I have been hunting for a job for a whole day . B: Really? It is difficult to look for jobs nowadays.W: Oh, sir, I’ll keep myself clean and tidy . I promise I will work very hard, sir, if only you could give me this chance .B: All right, all right, I’ll give you a try .W: Thank you, sir!B: Leave me your telephone number and references . I need to have more personal information about you.W: Oh, no problem. Here is my resume .B: That’s good. Let’s see. You may come to work here the day after tomorrow .W: All right! I will be here on time .B: OK, you can go now.W: Thanks again. See you the day after tomorrow .Vocabulary Building / ExercisesA.Match each word with their proper Chinese meaning.B.Fill in each blank with a given word or expression in their rightform.1. The train would pull out soon. We ran like mad to catch it.2. My old grandmother has / had difficulty in remembering things.3. The company employs / employed / has employed about 100 men.4. She checked the letter before sending it.5. We are not prepared to accept the big change in the plan.6. It’s too late to go to the basketball match now;besides , it’s beginningto rain.7. We’ve been hunting for the lost boy all over the town.8. It’s a good habit to go for a walk after supper.Grammar Tips / ExercisesA. Complete each sentence with the given verb in its indefinite tense.1. Tom plays (play) football with his friends after school.2. They read (read) stories every night before going to bed.3. The classroom has (have) eight big windows.4. Did you visit (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. —Did he fly (fly) a kite on Sunday? — Yes, he did .6. We went (go) strawberry picking in the spring break.7. You will feel (feel) cold without an overcoat.8. Her father is going to buy (buy) her a dress for her birthday.9. You are to finish (finish) all the work by the end of today.10. I will give (give) it to you as soon as he comes back.B. Choose the best answer.1. Where does your pen pal live?A. No, she live in the country.B. She live in the city.C. She lives in the city.D. She isn’t live near.2. When does she go to work?A. She go to work at 7.B. She goes to work at 7.C. Yes, she does.D. She is goes at 7.3. Does Peter go to school by subway?A. No, he does.B. No, he doesn’t.C. Yes, on foot.D. Yes, he is.4. — Your city looks beautiful!— Yes. Lots of trees and grass ________ last year.A. are plantedB. have plantedC. were plantingD. were planted5. The PLA ________ in 1927.A. was foundB. foundC. was foundedD. founded6. — Did you win the basketball game?— Bad luck. Our team ________ in the final round.A. wonB. beatC. were wonD. were beaten7. — What did you do last Saturday?— I ________ my uncle.A. visitB. will visitC. visitedD. am visiting8. —Let’s go out to play football, shall we?— OK. I ________.A. will comingB. be going to comeC. comeD. am coming9. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.A. takesB. costsC. spendsD. will spend10. The train ________ at 11.A. going to arriveB. will be arriveC. is going toD. is arrivingC. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese.1. 父亲和孩子们每周日下午都去游泳。
新编研究生综合英语教程UNIT6(潘海英)
Pre-reading Questions
Q1:What is the purpose of life? How do you understand the meaning of life? How do you think a good life should be lived? Are you satisfied with your
life? Q2:What is your attitude towards death? And how
can people have a decent death?
Pre-reading Questions
➢Q3: What qualities do you think are most important in a doctor/patient relationship? ➢Q4:Who should be responsible for the old people? ➢Q5:If you knew you were going to die, would you
Part Three (Para. 14- It gives the exact example, Linda Schuberth,
22)
to show Jill Campbell’s effort and the
➢Vocabulary ➢Exercises
Background Information
1. Information about the authors 2. Information about hospice care
Байду номын сангаас
Background
研究生基础综合英语unit6期末考试复习资料
Unit 6 练习Unit 6 Text A Give globalization a hand It is __1__ that makes the economy of both the _2_ countries and the __3__countries more developed. The economies between countries become more and more _ 4_, which is benefit to the __5__, __6__ and__7__ to the global economy. __8__----the crucial vehicle of the market economy has become more and more sophisticated. Today’s global economy increasingly specializes in the finer __9__ instead of goods.Globalization is a great source of strength. It not only brings the economic__10__, but also is a __11__ to the disruptive events. Thanks to globalization, even some countries’ economies slack off, with other countries’ anticipation in the global economy, the whole economy of the world can stay comparatively __12__and__13__.Unfortunately globalization is not an inexhaustible____14____. Like economic or social__15__, globalization faces risks that could challenge its growth or, worse, cause its reversal. People have been reminded that human folly could once again __16__ the unthinkable. The strategies to tackle a new wave of globalization__17__ can be learned through hard experience.To seek global progress and security, every country should keep its house in order and __18__ with other countries. However the value of __19__cooperation seems to have been __20__. Frequently people tend to __21__ the international laws, agreements and institutions and failed to __22__ these indispensable instruments. Fortunately, though much vilified in recent years, the United Nations still play an important role in __23__ the new military conflagration in the Middle East.参考答案：1 globalization2 rich3 poor4 interdependent5 scale6 flexibility7 productivity8 Specialization9 tasks 10 opportunities11 resilience 12 dynamic 13 stable 14 Force 15 phenomenon16 cause 17 reversal 18 co-operate 19 international 20 forgotten21 ignore 22 update 23 subduingUnit 6 Text A Give globalization a hand①The force of ②has brought economic growth both in rich andpoor countries.③ of national economies Contemporary supply chains need to be ④⑤of globalization Economic opportunities and remarkable ⑥provided byglobalization make us sail through the stormy waters.Globalization helps to support overall demand and growth andkeep international finance ⑦⑧ A country’s⑨supportingRuled-based international ⑩1. Introduction/Fact2.globalization3.Interdependence4.specialized5.Advantages/Benefits6.resiliences7.stable8.Strategies/Ways /Solutions 9.rational 10.cooperationUnit 6 Text B All Cultures Are Not EqualVocabulary and Grammar1. The two armies _______ on the enemy capital for the last battle of the war.A. convergedB. gatheredC. assembledD. rallied2. Take market as the direct, aggrandizement core compete, __________ nation and international market.A. carve upB. carve inC. carve outD. carve for3. Investigators have only ____________ how many physiochemicals exist and how they work.A. an interest inB. an inkling ofC. an impact onD. an insight into4. Like it or not, our families ________ our lives and make us what we are.A. buildB. formC. moldD. shape5. Wherever and whenever abortion-notification laws have been passed, gonorrhea rates in the teenage and adult populations start to__________.A. deviateB. strayC. divergeD. deflect6. The new rich have also been some of the most ＿bidders at auctions.A. agreeableB. aggressiveC. dangerousD. aggrieved7. When your living depends on the ＿of your farmland, the climate is vitally important.A. richB. fertileC. fertilityD. productiveness8. However, instead＿brothers in arms they are now a little like distant cousins.A. beingB. likeC. to beD. of being9. Why don't you hug someone, just kiss someone, the best is yet ＿.A．to coming B coming C to come D come10. We’ll plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t know_____ Tom will come an d join us.A. ifB. whichC. whatD. Where答案ACBDC BCDCAFast reading1. ( ) What’s the main idea of the passage?A. Although the American is “globalized”, its cultures do not.B. The causes of culture differences among countries.C. Economically globalization leads cultures into identity.D. Although the world is moving into an economically globalized village, cultures differ a lot.2. ( ) According to the passage, what makes workplace and lifestyles diverge?A. the rejection of globalizationB. few cultural unifiersC. the specialization of economyD. people’s pursuit for personalities3. ()Why does the author take the examples of Islamic extremists and American Jews?A. To show that the cultures are divergingB. To state that they have the ability to create their own cultureC. To show that transnational dreams are diverging.D. To prove that people rejecting globalized culture drive the events.4. ( ) What does the wor d “inkling” in the last paragraph mean?A. suggestionB. pictureC. enlightenmentD. idea tip hint5. ( ) Which is wrong according to the passage?A. The field of certain national traits is regarded as an impolite inquiry.B. Globalization and the revolution in communications technology have a positive effect on gathering people.C. Many Americans like to move to the place where people like themselves.D. The members of anti-globalization did not inherit their identities when creating their own subculture.6. ( ) What can we infer from the passage?A. All groups and cultures are equally wonderful.B. It’s the material factor that causes cultural divergence.C. People enjoying one kind of lifestyle are willing to make friends with those of another.D. Realizing transnational dreams like European unification still has a long way to go.7. ( ) What’s the author’s attitude towards cultural divergence?A. positiveB. neutralC. negativeD. not mentioned8. Although Americans is th ought of having been “globalized”, you can still find amazing cultural segmentation.9.The members of anti-globalization took the advantages of modernity、affluence and freedom to create _ a do-it-yourself tribalism _10. According to the author, when you are an 18-year old kid with a really big brain, you can go into the field certain national traits. We can also call it the field of ___ cultural geography .答案: 1-7 DCDABDC 8. amazing cultural segmentation 9. a do-it-yourself tribalism 10.cultural geography。
全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit6
全新版大学英语综合教程第一册U nit6发布时间：2006-02-23Unit6An imalIntel ligen cePartI Pre-read ing T ask List en to therecor dingtwo o r thr ee ti mes a nd th en th ink o ver t he fo llowi ng qu estio ns: 1. Wh at do youknowabout Mich ael J ackso n?2. How does he f eel a boutBen?Why?3. D o you thin k the song Benrevea ls so methi ng ab out t he re latio nship betw een m an an d ani mals? If s o, wh at is it?4. I s the song rela ted t o the them e ofthe u nit — anim al in telli gence? How?P art I IT ext AFo od, w armth, sle ep? T heirthoug hts m ay be much deep er th an th at. WHAT ANIM ALS R EALLY THIN KE uqene Lind enOverthe y ears, I ha ve wr itten exte nsive ly ab out a nimal-inte llige nce e xperi ments andthe c ontro versy that surr ounds them. Doanima ls re allyhavethoug hts,whatwe ca llco nscio usnes s? Wo nderi ng wh ether ther e mig ht be bett er wa ys to expl ore a nimalinte llige nce t han e xperi ments desi gnedto te ach h umansigns, I r ealiz ed wh at no w see ms ob vious: ifanima ls ca n thi nk, t hey w ill p robab ly do thei r bes t thi nking when it s erves thei r own purp oses, notwhenscien tists askthemto. And s o I s tarte d tal kingto ve ts, a nimal rese arche rs, z oo ke epers. Mos t donot s tudyanima l int ellig ence, buttheyencou nterit, a nd th e lac k ofit, e veryday.The s torie s the y tel l usrevea l wha t I'm conv inced is a newwindo w onanima l int ellig ence: thekindofme ntalfeats anim als p erfor m whe n dea lingwithcapti vityand t he do minan t spe cieson th e pla net — huma ns. Let's Mak e a D eal Consi der t he ti me Ch arlen e Jen dry,a con serva tioni st at theColum bus Z oo, l earne d tha t a f emale gori lla n amedColowas h andli ng asuspi cious obje ct. A rrivi ng on thescene, Jen dry o ffere d Col o som e pea nuts, only to b e met with a bl ank s tare. Real izing they were nego tiati ng, J endry rais ed th e sta kes a nd of fered a pi ece o f pin eappl e. At this poin t,wh ile m ainta ining eyeconta ct, C olo o pened herhandand r eveal ed akey c hain.Rel ieved it w as no t any thing dang erous or v aluab le, J endry gave Colo thepinea pple. Care ful b argai ner t hat s he wa s, Co lo th en br oke t he ke y cha in an d gav e Jen dry a link, per hapsfigur ing.Why g ive h er th e who le th ing i f I c an ge t a b it of pine apple foreachpiece?If an a nimal canshowskill in t radin g one thin g for anot her,why n ot in hand lingmoney? One oran gutan name d Cha ntekdid j ust t hat i n a s ign-l angua ge st udy u ndert akenbyan throp ologi st Ly n Mil es at theUnive rsity of T ennes see.Chant ek fi gured outthatif he didtasks like clea ninghis r oom,he'dearncoins to s pendon tr eatsand r idesin Mi les's car. Butthe o rangu tan's unde rstan dingof mo ney s eemed to e xtend farbeyon dsim ple d ealin gs. M ilesfirst used plas tic c hipsas co ins,but C hante k dec idedheco uld e xpand themoney supp ly by brea kingchips in t wo. W hen M ilesswitc hed t o met al ch ips,Chant ek fo und p ieces of t in fo il an d tri ed to make copi es. Miles also trie d toteach Chan tek m ore v irtuo us ha bitssuchas sa vingand s harin g. In deed, when I ca ughtup wi th th e ora nguta n atZoo A tlant a, wh ere h e now live s, Isaw a nexa mpleof sh aring that anyo ne mi ght e nvy.WhenMiles gave Chan tek s ome g rapes andasked himto sh are t hem,Chant ek pr omptl y ate allthe f ruit. Then, asif he'd ju stre membe red h e'd b een a skedto sh are,he ha ndedMiles thestem.Ta le of a Wh ale Why w ouldan an imalwantto co opera te wi th ahuman? Beh avior istswould saythatanima ls co opera te wh en th ey le arn i t isin th eir i ntere st to do s o. Th is is true, but Ido n't t hinkit go es fa r eno ugh.Gail Laul e, aconsu ltant on a nimal beha vior, spea ks of Orky, a k iller whal e, sh e kne w. "O f all theanima ls I've wo rkedwith, he w as th e mos t int ellig ent," shesays. "Hewould asse ss asitua tionand t hen d o som ethin g bas ed on thejudgm entshe ma de."Like thetimehe he lpedsavea fam ily m ember. Whe n Ork y's m ate,Corky, gav e bir th, t he ba by di d not thri ve at firs t, an d kee perstookthe l ittle whal e out of t he ta nk by stre tcher foremerg encycare. Thin gs be gan t o gowrong when they retu rnedthe b aby w haleto th e tan k. As theworke rs ha ltedthe s tretc her a fewmeter s abo ve th e wat er, t he ba by su ddenl y beg an th rowin g upthrou gh it s mou th. T he ke epers fear ed it woul d cho ke, b ut th eyco uld n ot re ach t he ba by to help it.Appa rentl y siz ing u p the prob lem,Orkyswamunder thestret cherand a llowe d one of t he me n tostand on h is he ad, s ometh ing h e'd n everbeentrain ed to do.Then, usin g his tailto k eep s teady, Ork y let thekeepe r rea ch up andrelea se th e 420-poun d bab y sothatitco uld s lideintothe w aterwithi n rea ch of help.P rimat e She ll Ga meS ometi mes e viden ce of inte llige nce c an be seen in a ttemp ts to dece ive.Zoo k eeper Hele n She wmanof Se attle's Wo odlan d Par k Zoo reca lls t hat o ne da y she drop ped a nora nge t hroug h a f eedin g hol e for Mela ti, a n ora nguta n. In stead of m oving away to g et it, Mel ati l ooked Shew man i n the eyeand h eld o ut he r han d. Th inkin g the oran ge mu st ha ve ro lledoff s omewh ere i nacce ssibl e, Sh ewman gave heranoth er on e. Bu t whe nMel ati m ovedoff,Shewm an no ticed theorigi nal o range washidde n inher o therhand.Tow an, t he co lony's dom inant male, wat chedthiswhole tric k, an d the next dayhe, t oo, l ooked Shew man i n the eyeand p reten ded t hat h e had notyet r eceiv ed anoran ge. "Are y ou su re yo u don't ha ve on e?" S hewma n ask ed. H e con tinue d toholdher g aze s teadi ly an d hel d out hishand. Givi ng in, she gave himanoth er on e, th en sa wtha t hehad b een h iding hisorang e und ernea th hi s foo t.W hat i s int ellig enceanywa y? If life is a boutsurvi val o f a s pecie s —a nd in telli genceis m eantto se rve t hat s urviv al —thenwe ca n't c ompar e wit h pea-brai ned s ea tu rtles,whi ch we re he re lo ng be foreus an d sur vived thedisas ter t hat w ipedout t hedi nosau rs. S till, it i s com forti ng to real ize t hat o therspeci es be sides ourown c anst and b ack a nd as sessthe w orldaroun d the m, ev en if thei r hor izons aremorelimit ed th an ou rs. (928words)N ew Wo rds a nd Ex press ionsext ensiv ely ad. t o a l argeexten t, or in a larg e amo unt 广泛地；大量地i ntell igenc en.智力inte llige nta. 聪明的，有才智的co ntrov ersyn. 争论，争议sur roundvt. be o r goall a round (sth. orsb.)围绕；包围co nscio usnes sn.意识expl ore vt. e xamin e tho rough ly, l earnabout探究，探索o bviou sa. easy to s ee an d und ersta nd; c lear明显的vetn. 兽医e ncoun ter vt. m eet,esp.unexp ected ly 遇到，遭遇reve alv t. ma ke (s th.)known展示；揭露c onvin cev t. ma ke (s b.) f eel s ure b y the useof ar gumen t orevide nce 使确信，使信服f eat▲n. 技艺；业绩，功绩capti vityn. 被俘；监禁；束缚domin ant a. ru ling; most impo rtant or s trong est 统治的；占优势的speci esn. （单复同）物种mak e a d eal reach an a greem ent o r arr angem ent,esp.in bu sines s orpolit ics 达成交易cons ervat ionis tn.自然资源保护论者fem ale a. 雌的；女（性）的n.雌性的动物或植物；女人goril lan. 大猩猩su spici ous▲a. c ausin g orshowi ng afeeli ng th at st h. is wron g 可疑的；猜疑的pea nut▲n. 花生b lanka. w ithou t exp ressi on; w ithou t wri ting, or o thermarks没有表情的；空白neg otiat evi. dis cussin or der t o com e toan ag reeme nt 谈判，协商stak en. (usu.pl)奖品；奖金；赌注pine applen.凤梨，菠萝ma intai nvt. con tinue to d o orhave(sth.) 保持；继续relie vev t. fr ee (s b.) f rom p ain,anxie ty, e tc.;ease(pain, anx iety, etc.) 使减轻痛苦或焦虑等；减轻（痛苦或焦虑等）linkn. 链环；环节；联系v. joi n orconne ct 联系，连接oran gutann.猩猩under takevt.(unde rtook, und ertak en) c arryout;takeupononese lf (a task, etc.) 从事；承担（任务等）anth ropol ogistn.人类学者fig ure o utu nders tand; reas on ou t 理解；推断出exte ndv. (ca use t o) st retch or r each; make larg er or long er 延伸，伸展；扩大；加长dea lingn. (usu.p l) bu sines s rel ation s 交易，买卖plast ica. 塑料的ch ipn. 薄片；碎片；集成电路片expa ndv. (ca use t o) gr ow la rger扩大，扩展sw itchv. c hange; shi ft 转换，变换foil▲n.金属薄片，箔virtu ous a. sh owing mora l goo dness有道德的；善良的env yvt., n.妒忌；羡慕g rapen. 葡萄p rompt lya d. im media tely立即地stemn.茎，（树）干，（叶）梗w halen. 鲸co opera tev i. ac t orworktoget her 合作，协作beh avior ist n. 行为主义者in s b.'sinter est(s)to sb.'s adv antag e 为了某人的利益gofar helpverymuch; achi eve m uch s ucces s 帮助很大；很有成效c onsul tantn. 顾问b ehavi orn. the wayone a cts o r beh aves举止，行为as sessvt.judge thequali ty, i mport anceor wo rth o f 评估，估量judgm ent n. 判断；意见，看法m ate n. 配偶；伙伴，同事t hrivevi. grow stro ng an d hea lthy; deve lop w ell 茁壮成长；兴旺a t fir sta t the begi nning起先stre tchern.担架emerg encyn. a n une xpect ed an d dan gerou s hap penin g whi ch mu st be deal t wit h atonce紧急情况；突然事件gowrongsto p dev elopi ng we ll 有毛病，出故障ha ltv. (ca use t o) st op 停住，停止thro w up(inf ml) v omit呕吐appar entlyad. it i s cle ar (t hat)明显地size up caref ullyexami ne (a situ ation or p erson) inorder to m ake a judg ement估量，判断r eleas evt. set free释放slid ev. (cau se to) mov e smo othly alon g a s urfac e （使）滑动prima ten. 灵长目动物evide nce n. st h. th at gi ves a reas on fo r bel ievin g sth.; tr ace 证据；迹象dec eivev. t ry to make(sb.) beli eve s th. t hat i s fal se 欺骗in acces siblea.verydiffi cultor im possi ble t o rea ch 达不到的；难得到的origi nal a. fi rst o r ear liest最初的；原始的colo nyn. （生长在同一地方的动物或植物）群，群体；殖民地ma len. 雄性动物或植物；男子a. 雄的；男（性）的ga zen., v.凝视，注视g ive i n让步；屈服；投降u ndern eathprep., ad. und er or belo w 在…下面，在…底下p ea-br aineda.笨的turtl en.（海）龟su rvivev.remai n ali ve in spit e of; cont inueto li ve or exis t aft er 幸免于；继续存在，幸存sur vival n. disa stern. a n eve nt ca using grea t suf ferin g and dama ge 灾难wi pe ou tge t rid of o r des troy消灭，消除di nosau rn.恐龙hori zon n. 眼界，见识；地平线Prope r Nam esUgene Lind en尤金·林登Cha rlene Jend ry查伦·延德里Co lumbu s Zoo哥伦布动物园Colo科洛（文中指动物名）Chant ek夏特克（文中指动物名）Ly n Mil es琳·迈尔斯Uni versi ty of Tenn essee田纳西大学Zoo A tlant a亚特兰大动物园Ga il La ule 盖尔·劳尔Or ky奥基（文中指动物名）Cor ky科基（文中指动物名）Hel en Sh ewman海伦·休曼Seatt le西雅图（美国华盛顿州西部港市）Woo dland Park Zoo伍德兰公园动物园Mel ati 梅拉蒂（文中指动物名）T owan托温（文中指动物名）。
高英Unit6
⾼英Unit6Unit SixI. Lead-inMovie ClipWatch the following video and then do the exercise. You can find the interpretation of some words and phrases in "Word Bank".Book 6 Unit 6.mp4 (00:00 – 02:35)ScriptToday I'm gonna talk about the differences between being a black American vs. being a black in England, and kinda like what to expect when you go there.Um, first of all, well, the major difference is black people in England, they know their heritage, you know, their culture, like you know, black people in America, you know, were born in slavery. And in U.S. basically where most black people are African-American, you know, they don't know anything because, you know, they are born and brought over in slave ships. And slave masters have wiped out all their history and, you know, they are brought up on, you know, white culture. And you know, what the slave master is basically you know "took total". But black people in England, you know, they ... you know, they know the history like, whatever like, Greek people in America like "Oh, I'm Greek-American. You know, I'm Greek." But out there in England, English people, black people, you know, they're Kenyan, you know, they're Ghanaian, they're Nigerian, they're Jamaican, wherever they're from. But a lot of ... I'll say, most of them know their heritage, where they're from, and so that's one of the very big differences, um, in England.And then I also want to talk about the music. The music differences, uh, they're not too big. One thing is that in America, we don't listen at all to really any hip-hop English music at all. Um for example, the biggest artist out in England is a guy named Tinie Tempah. And I can guarantee pretty much nobody knows who Tinie Tempah is in America. But in England, he's like the biggest thing out. But the thing is even some of our small artist out of America is still kind of big out in the U.K., and our big artists out of America are just well-known, um, you tell me about Rick Ross, Drake, anyone. I mean they're masters, you know, they sell out when they come, you know, to London. But it's like ... but in U.K., they almost support American music more than they support their own music. But they do support, you know, like their Grime music. They have, uh, you know, their hip-hop artists. Like they support, they really get behind the guy, I can say, Tinie Tempah. He's partly like a leader man out of London. They really support their man, like you know, their other artists. They do support their own, but they definitely support and love American music.And also I want to talk about, like, culture. It'll ... like interactive things, like women and things like that. And it is true like you have an American accent like "It's all good. Let me tell ya. It's a good thing." Like other, for example, you know, I'll be like, "Hey, excuse me", you know, "how're you doin'?" "I'm all good. Are you from America?" and I'm like, "Yeah, yeah". They're like, "I'm all good. What part of America are you from?" I'm like, uh, "I'm from Chicago". They're like, "Oh, really?" and you know, we just continue this conversation. But I come from this great open land. So if you're comin', if you're going to England, just put on your accent. Just talk.Word Bank1.Kenyan:a native of Kenya, a republic in eastern Africa 肯尼亚⼈2.Ghanaian:a native of Ghana, a republic in West Africa 加纳⼈3.Nigerian:a native of Nigeria, a republic in West Africa 尼⽇利亚⼈4.Jamaican:a native of Jamaica, an island in the West Indies ⽛买加⼈5.hip-hop music:a style of popular music of U.S. black and Hispanic origin, featuring rap with an electronicbacking 嘻哈⾳乐6.sell out:be all sold so that there is no stocke.g. The new cakes were so popular that they sold out quickly.7.Grime music:a style of music that emerged from Bow, East London, England in the early 2000sExercise1.Unlike black people in America, black people in England ___________.A. are aware of their cultureB. know their heritageC. hate slaveryD. are mostly from West Africa2.Black people in England ___________.A. love American musicB. love African musicC. do not love American musicD. do not love African musicKey: 1. B 2. AInspirational QuotesEven if you do learn to speak correct English, whom are you going to speak it to?—Clarence DarrowDiscussionFor an English learner, is it important to have access to various types of English, both standard and "less standard", such as British English, American English, Australian English, Black English, Indian English, etc.? Why?II. Text IPre-reading Questions1.You may not be very familiar with the English used by the black people in the United States,specifically those who are under-privileged, but you must have encountered some uses of black English either in pronunciation, or in vocabulary, or in grammar that are typical of these speakers. Try to think of some instances of these.2.How does the English used by the under-privileged Blacks impress you? Do you think it is anon-standard or an inferior variety of American English?General ReadingI. Determine which of the following best states the purpose of the writing.A. To explore the origination of Black English.B. To present the author's opinion on the status of Black English.C. To investigate the contributing factors of Black English.Key: BII. Judge whether the following statements are true or false.1.Most white speakers of English regard Black English as a non-standard variety of English.2.Farb thinks it is racial discrimination to associate Black English with some physical featuresof the Black people.3.Black English distinguishes from standard English most significantly on the lexicaldimension.4.Farb cites Turner to show that Black English is a linguistic departure from Standard English. Key: 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F Background Notes1.Lorenzo Dow Turner (1890–1972): an Afro-American linguist and ethnologist who didseminal research on the Gullah language of the Low Country of coastal South Carolina and Georgia. Although established scholars then viewed Gullah speech as substandard English, Turner sensed that Gullah was strongly influenced by African languages. He set out to study the language, and identified and analyzed African survivals in the African American language.2.Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe: Daniel Defoe (1659–1731) was an English trader, writer,journalist, and pamphleteer, who gained fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe.The novel, published in 1719, tells of a man's shipwreck on a deserted island and his subsequent adventures.Text StudyTextBlack EnglishPeter Farb1 V ery few white Americans are aware of the extent to which the great majority of black Americans suffer from linguistic schizophrenia — of a unique sort. The diglossia problem of the lower-class black is unusual because he does not speak a colloquial or "incorrect" form of standard English. Instead, he speaks a dialect that has a strikingly different grammar and sound system, even though to white ears the black appears to be trying to speak Standard English. Anyone who speaks Black English is likely to find himself stigmatized as a user of an inferior kind of Standard English, whereas actually he is speaking a radically different dialect that is as consistent and elegant as whites consider their Standard English to be.2 The whole subject of Black English is so tied up with both racism and good intention that it rarely is discussed calmly, even by specialists in the field. At one extreme is the racist, conscious or unconscious, who attributes black speech to some physical characteristic like thick lips or a large tongue; he is certain that it is inferior speech and that it must be eradicated. At the other extreme is the well-intentioned liberal who denies that he detects much of a departure from white speech; he regards Black English as simply a southern United States dialect, and he is likely to attribute any departure from white speech to the black's educational deprivation. Both views are wrong. Black English's radical departure from Standard English has nothing to do with the anatomy of race or with educational deprivation. The history of the English spoken by New World blacks shows that it has been different from the very beginning, and that it is more different the farther back in time one goes. Of course, some blacks speak exactly like whites, but these cases are both recent and exceptional; the overwhelming majority speak Black English some or all of the time.3 By "Black English" I do not mean the spirited vocabulary whose adoption by some whites gives them the mistaken impression that they are talking real soul to their black brothers. These rich and metaphoric words are much less important than grammar for a description of Black English. They originated by the same processes that gave rise to the slang, jargon, and argot words of Standard English, and, like the Standard words, they have seeped out to become part of the general vocabulary. Many words that were once the exclusive property of speakers of Black English —groovy, square, jive, rap, cool, chick, dig, rip off, and so on — are now commonly used by speakers of white Standard English. I do not refer to the superficial vocabulary, which changes from year to year, but to its largely different history, sound system, and basic structure.4 What we hear today as Black English is probably the result of five major influences: African languages; West Africanpidgin; a Plantation Creole once spoken by slaves in the southern United States as well as by blacks as far north as Canada; Standard English; and, finally, urbanization in the northern ghettoes. The influence of African languages on black speech was long denied, until in 1949 Lorenzo Dow Turner published the results of his fifteen-year study of Gullah, a black dialect spoken in the coastal region around Charleston, South Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia. Gullah is important in the history of Black English because this region continued to receive slaves direct from Africa as late as 1858 —and so any influence from Africa would be expected to survive there longer. Turner accumulated compelling evidence of resemblances in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar between Gullah and various Western African languages. He listed some 4,000 Gullah words for personal names, numbers, and objects that are derived directly from African languages. Some of these words —such as tote, chigger, yam, and tater("potato") —eventually entered Standard English.5 The second influence, pidginization, is more apparent because the languages spoken today bythe descendants of slaves almost everywhere in the New World —regardless of whether these languages were based on English, French, Dutch, Spanish, or Portuguese — share similarities in sound patterns and in grammar. For example, the common Black English construction He done close the door has no direct equivalent in Standard English, but it is similar to structures found in Portuguese Pidgin, Weskos of West Africa, French Creole of Haiti, the Shanan Creole of Surinam, and so on. An analysis of the speech of slaves —as recorded in eighteenth-century letters, histories, and books of travel — indicates that the great majority of them in the continental United States spoke pidgin English, as much in the North as in the South. This was to be expected since blacks speaking many languages were thrown together in the West African slave factories and they had to develop some means of communication. No matter what their mother tongues were, they had been forced to learn a second language, an African Pidgin English that at least as early as 1719 had been spread around the world by the slave trade. We can be certain of that year because it marked the publication of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, which contains numerous examples of this pidgin and also uses, in the character Friday, the West African and slave tradition of bestowing personal names based on the days of the week.6 Therefore most slaves must have arrived in the New World speaking a pidgin that enabled them to communicate with each other and eventually also with overseers. In the succeeding generations a small number of blacks were taught Standard English. But the great majority apparently expanded their pidgin into a Creole language —called Plantation Creole by some linguists even though it was also spoken in the North — by grafting an English vocabulary onto the structures of their native languages and pidgins.7 The wonder is that it took people so long to realize that Black English is neither a mispronunciation of Standard English nor an accumulation of random errors made in the grammar of Standard English. Utterances in Black English are grammatically consistent and they are generated by rules in the same way that utterances in Standard English are generated by rules. People may not regard utterances in Black English to be "good English" — but that is beside the point, because Black English is using a different set of rules than those of Standard English.(1,056 words)Words and Phrases1.liberal n.a person of liberal viewsadj. willing to respect or accept behaviour or opinion different from one's own; open to new ideas; favourable to or respectful of individual rights or freedome.g. It is not surprising that generally young people are more liberal than the old on the issueof pre-marital sex.The new government claims that it will work towards the goal of building the country into a liberal, democratic state.2.seep v. (of a liquid) flow or leak slowly through porous material or small holese.g. The oil that keeps seeping out through the cracks of the underwater pipes is causingserious pollution to the sea.With more follow-up reporting, details of the murder case are seeping out./doc/268c41a04b73f242326c5f7c.html pelling evidence: convincing evidenceDerived from the verb "compel", compelling has the meaning of evoking interest, attention, or admiration, e.g. a compelling film, compelling eyes, and also inspiring conviction, e.g.compelling argument.4.derive v. obtain sth. frome.g. In his late years he derived great pleasure from his grandchildren.Many words in the major European languages are believed to have derived from Latin.5.regardless of: without regard or consideration for, in spite ofe.g. He is such a reckless person that he will act regardless of what will happen next.Admissions are the same for all visitors regardless of age and gender.6.graft: The word both as a noun and a verb is most often used in the two areas of horticultureand medicine. Used in horticulture, it means a shoot inserted into a slit of stock, from which it receives sap, or to insert a graft. Used in medicine, it means a piece of living tissue that is transplanted, or to transplant as a graft.Figuratively, the word is used to mean to insert or fix sth. permanently to sth. else.e.g. Western type of democracy cannot be grafted to other countries of different historicalevolution.Another meaning of the word is practices, esp. bribery, used to secure illicit gains in politics or business; corruption.e.g. Strict measures are being enforced to curb graft in the administration.Notes1.linguistic schizophrenia — of a unique sort:the inconsistent, even contradictory conceptsconcerning the language they use2.The diglossia problem of the lower-class black is unusual because he does not speak acolloquial or "incorrect" form of standard English.: In the author’s opinion, black English is not the Low Form of a language in a diglossic situation because its speaker is not speaking an informal, non-literary form of English."Diglossia" refers to the sociolinguistic phenomenon that in a community two forms or varieties of the same language exist side by side.3.dialect: The word normally refers to a variety of a language used by people of a specificgeographical region, but here it is used, as is quite common in linguistic literature, in the sense of a linguistic variety associated with a social group, i.e. a social dialect or sociolect.4.Black English: Here it refers to the variety of English spoken by the black, especially theurban populations in the U.S.5.he is likely to attribute any departure from white speech to the black's educationaldeprivation: Most likely, he will think that the reason why the black speakers are not usingEnglish in the same way as the white speakers do is that they are not adequately educated.6.New World blacks: New World refers generally to North and South America regardedcollectively in relation to Europe, especially after the early voyages of European explorers.New World blacks in this context refer to the black people brought from Africa to North America by slave trade in the early days.7.spirited vocabulary: vocabulary which bears specific features of the blacks as a race8.they are talking real soul to their black brothers: they are talking in what they think agenuinely "black" way to their black fellow countrymenSoul, used as an adjective, can bear such meanings as related to, taking pride in, or displaying the characteristics of Black Culture, thus expressions like soul singer, soul radio station, soul music, soul brother, soul food, etc.9.slang, jargon, and argot words: Slang is a type of language that consists of words andphrases that are regarded as very informal and nonstandard, typically formed by creative, often witty juxtapositions of words or images, and usually restricted to a particular context ora group of people, e.g. army slang. Jargon refers to the technical language of occupational orother groups that is difficult for outsiders to understand, e.g. legal jargon, medical jargon.Argot is the jargon or slang of a particular group or class, e.g. teenage argot. The borderlines separating these categories are not always distinct, and some writers use these terms in a general way to include all the foregoing meanings.10.Many words that were once the exclusive property of speakers of Black English ...:Many words that were once used by speakers of Black English only ...Property in this sentence means attribute, quality, characteristic.Note the other meanings of the word, e.g. possessions collectively; building or buildings and the land that belongs to it or to them; shares or investments in property; theatrical props.11.African languages: The languages spoken in Africa can be said to include the following fourmajor groups: (1) Afro-Asiatic, which spreads throughout the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel; (2) Nilo-Sahara, which is centered on Sudan and Chad;(3) Niger-Congo, which covers West, Central, and Southeast Africa; and (4) Khoe, which isconcentrated in the deserts of Namibia and Botswana.12.pidgin: a language that is a mixture of two other languages, one of which is usually aEuropean language and the other is a local language of Asia, Africa, or Latin America. Pidgin has a limited vocabulary and a reduced grammatical structure used between people who do not know each other's language well for restricted communicative purposes such as trade.13.Creole: a pidgin language that has become the native language of a group of speakers, beingused for all or many of their daily communicative needs. Usually, the sentence structures and vocabulary range of a creole are far more complex than those of a pidgin. Creoles are usuallyclassified according to the language from which most of their vocabulary comes, e.g.English-based, French-based, Portuguese-based, and Swahili-based creoles. Examples of English-based creoles are Jamaican Creole, Hawaiian Creole and Krio in Sierra Leone, West Africa.14.The influence of African languages on black speech was long denied: The influence ofAfrican languages on black speech was ignored or unnoticed for a long time15.Gullah: also called the Sea Island English, is the creole language spoken by the Gullahpeople. It is based on English, with strong influences from West and Central African languages on its vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammatical structure.Questions1.How do you understand Farb's statement "the great majority of black Americans suffer fromlinguistic schizophrenia — of a unique sort"? (para. 1)Key:Schizophrenia is a long-term mental disorder marked by breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, and withdrawal from reality. Black Americans are definitely not suffering from this mental disease, but the confusion and bewilderment they feel about the nature of their speech can be likened to the disorderly mental status of a patient of schizophrenia.2.On what grounds does Farb disagree with either of the two extreme views on the subject ofBlack English? (para. 2)Key:Farb does not think Black English's radical departure from Standard English has anything to do with the anatomy of race or with the Black people's educational deprivation. In his opinion, Black English has been a different language from the very beginning, and it is thus an entirely different language in its own right.3.In Farb's opinion, what should be taken into consideration if one wants to give acomprehensive linguistic description of Black English? (para. 3)Key:One should take into consideration all the three aspects of language, i.e. vocabulary, sounds, and grammar.4.What, in Farb's view, are the five major influences that have contributed to the formation oftoday's Black English? (para. 4)Key:The five major influences that have contributed to the formation of today's Black English are (1) African languages, (2) West African pidgin, (3) a Plantation Creole, (4) Standard English, and (5) urbanization in the northern ghettoes.5.Why does Farb cite Turner's study of the Gullah language? (para. 4)Key: He cites Turner's study of Gullah to support his view that today's Black English is not a non-standard departure from English, but a separate language based on some Western African languages for the many resemblances in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar between them found by Turner.6.How does pidginization contribute to the formation of Black English?Key: The blacks brought from different regions in Africa to North America as slaves needed a common speech to communicate with each other, which resulted in a kind of English-based pidgin, which in part contributed to the formation of Black English.7.What is Farb's position about the status of Black English?Key: Black English is not a sub-standard variety of English, but a language that has a set of rules different from that of Standard white English.Activity1.In para. 3 Farb mentions two views concerning Black English, i.e. the racist view and thegood-intentioned liberal view, both of which he rejects. Then in the essay he presents his own view, i.e. Black English is a language in its own right. Which of these views do you agree with? Or perhaps you do not agree with any of these three. Present your view of Black English in a short talk.Sentence patterns for your referenceI agree that ...In contrast to ... Black English ...To sum up, ...2.Do you think Black English will in the future come to enjoy the same privilege as StandardAmerican English does today? Air your views on the possible course of development of Black English in a group discussion. Sentence patterns for your referenceIn a world of ... Black English ...Although Black English ...As a result, ...Organization and DevelopmentArgumentative WritingIn terms of discourse type, this essay is basically a piece of argumentative writing. The author's argument is made clear in the first paragraph, and restated at the end of the essay.Main ArgumentHis argument is made clear by the last sentence of the first paragraph "... actually he is speaking a radically different dialect that is as consistent and elegant as whites consider their Standard English to be", which is restated by the last sentence of the essay "Black English is using a different set of rules than those of Standard English."Methods of ArgumentationThe main method Farb uses in his argument is referring to historical facts. In paras. 4 and 5, he traces the historical development of today's Black English, i.e. it originated with African languages rather than Standard English, and the need for the black from different African countries to communicate with each other made pidginization necessary. In this process, Farb cites Turner's seminal study to make his argument more convincing.Another device he uses is definition. As most people, both black and white, have confusing ideas of what Black English is, he needs first of all to clarify the notion of a language. In para. 3 he presents his notion of what makes a language a distinct entity. In his view, Black English is a language in its own right because it has a different history, its own distinctive sound system and grammar structure, apart from its spirited vocabulary.III. Text IIText StudyTextIf Black English Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?James Baldwin1 The argument concerning the use, or the status, or the reality, of black English is rooted in American history and has absolutely nothing to do with the question the argument supposes itself to be posing. The argument has nothing to do with language itself but with the role of language. Language, incontestably, reveals the speaker. Language, also, far more dubiously, is meant to define the other —and, in this case, the other is refusing to be defined by a language that has never been able to recognize him.2 People evolve a language in order to describe and thus control their circumstances, or in order not to be submerged by a reality that they cannot articulate. (And, if they cannot articulate it, they are submerged.) A Frenchman living in Paris speaks a subtly and crucially different language from that of the man living in Marseilles; neither sounds very much like a man living in Quebec; and they would all have great difficulty in apprehending what the man from Guadeloupe, or Martinique, is saying, to say nothing of the man from Senegal —although the "common" language of all these areas is French. But each has paid, and is paying, a different price for this "common" language, in which, as it turns out, they are not saying, and cannot be saying, the same things: They each have very different realities to articulate, or control.3 What joins all languages, and all men, is the necessity to confront life, in order, not inconceivably, to outwit death: The price for this is the acceptance, and achievement, of one's temporal identity. So that, for example, though it is not taught in the schools (and this has the potential of becoming a political issue) the south of France still clings to its ancient and musical Proven?al, which resists being described as a "dialect." And much of the tension in the Basque countries, and in Wales, is due to the Basque and Welsh determination not to allow their languages to be destroyed. This determination also feeds the flames in Ireland for among the many indignities the Irish have been forced to undergo at English hands is the English contempt for their language.4 It goes without saying, then, that language is also a political instrument, means, and proof ofpower. It is the most vivid and crucial key to identity: it reveals the private identity, and connects one with, or divorces one from, the larger, public, or communal identity. There have been, and are, times, and places, when to speak a certain language could be dangerous, even fatal. Or, one may speak the same language, but in such a way that one's antecedents are revealed, or (one hopes) hidden. This is true in France, and is absolutely true in England: The range (and reign) of accents on that damp little island make England coherent for the English and totally incomprehensible for everyone else. To open your mouth in England is (if I may use black English) to "put your business in the street": You have confessed your parents, your youth, your school, your salary, your self-esteem, and, alas, your future.5 Now, I do not know what white Americans would sound like if there had never been any black people in the United States, but they would not sound the way they sound. Jazz, for example, is a very specific sexual term, as in jazz me, baby, but white people purified it into the Jazz Age. Sock it to me, which means, roughly, the same thing, has been adopted by Nathaniel。
学术论文写作-Unit6
II. Sample Reading
Conclusion should be the best part of your paper which normally serves the following functions. The first is to summarize and bring together the main areas covered in the writing. Summarizing is more than retelling; it involves analyzing information, distinguishing important from unimportant elements. The second is to analyze and evaluate your main points for readers. Strive for answers to questions that readers logically raise. Show your readers why this research is important. In addition, you have to point out the general implications and possible limitations of your research in conclusion. Finally, your conclusion may also include making recommadations for improvement and speculating on future directions. Looking to the future can emphasize the importance of your paper or redirect readers' thought process. It may help them see things more globally. It manifests the value of your research as well as your understanding of the material that you have presented.
Unit6NurturingNatureWordStudy课件高中英语选择性
14.in operation_工__作_中__；_使__用__中_；__有_效______
15.operate on__给_._..._动_手__术__________________
实施；使…运转；启用
因...向...申请
18.apply sth. to sth. 把__某__物_应__用_于__.._.._.,把__某__物_涂在，敷在....上
3._d_e_li_c_a_te_adj. 微妙的；易碎的；清淡可口的；柔和的；精美的，雅 致的；纤弱的→_d_e_li_c_a_c_yn. 精致, 精美;娇嫩→_d_e_li_c_a_te_ly_adv. 优美地; 精致地;微妙地
scenery
scene
scenic
5.________n. 节约；经济；理财→________adj. 经济的, 经济学的
和某人协商/谈判某事
28.have a preference for _更__喜_欢________________ 29.give (a) preference to sb./sth. _给__…_以__优__惠_；__优_待______ 30.prefer A to B _相_比__较_B__来_说__更_喜__欢_A_____
III.Exercises
15.From my hotel room window, I could see a large_a_d_ve_r_ti_s_e_n_m_e_nt ( advertise ) board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician. 16.The bad news cast a shadow over the n_e_g_o_t_ia_t_io_n_(negotiate). 17.She made a _fa_v_o_u_ra_b_l_e_(favour) impression on his parents. 18.Rather than _le_t(let) him do it, I’d prefer _to__d_o_(do) the job myself. 19.People with one year working experience _a_re__p_re_f_er_r_e_d(prefer) 20.There is an urgent need for _q_u_a_li_fi_e_d_ (qualify)teachers in rural areas. 21.Only those who have passed the preliminary examination are qualified_f_o_r_the final.
UNIT6SectionⅠ教学知识细解码Word版含解析
1.admire z”.钦佩;欣赏fadmirable^力.极其出色的:令人钦佩的fadmiration 儿钦佩；赞赏；欣赏2.generous。
力.无私的:慷慨的；大方的一generosity 〃.慷慨；大方；宽宏大量3.effect/?.效应；影响；结果一effective 〃力.有效的；产生预期效果的一effectively 〃加.有效地；实际上4.recognize”认出；辨认出；承认一recognition”.赞扬；承认；认可；赏识; 认出5.limit".限度；极限；界限限定fIimiteda力.有限的fIimi 1 inga力.局限的, 限制性的6.promise 承诺；答应;许诺".诺言；许诺f promisinga力.大有希望的7.advance/?.发展；进步”前进，行进；（知识、技术等）发展，进步；促进-*advanced。
4•.高级的；先进的recognition//.赞扬；承认；认可；赏识；认出①He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition. Vjjj②There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform.^ nJ③He received the award in recognition of his success over the past year.赏识WordsAnd Phrases知识要点ladmire W.钦佩；欣赏；羡慕（教材Pso） I admire them because they are so brave...我钦佩他们，因为他们很勇敢……［例1］ You have to admire the way he handled the situation.你不得不佩服他处理这个局面的手段。
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We entered a dense forest. 我们进入一片浓密的森林。
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10. familiarity
Word formation
Sth be familiar to sb 为某人所熟悉 Sb be familiar with sth 熟悉,通晓,精通
answer 含糊其词的答复 ban 无限期禁止 date 未定日期 period 无限期
n. definitive
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9. dense
a. closely packed or crowded together ;
•dense forest
Word formation a. delusional a. delusive 欺瞒 的
I wasБайду номын сангаасunder the delusion that he intended to lie.
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13. proceed
v. go forward; go on proceed along Proceed against
v.
沿着…前进
对(某人)提出指控 bring (sb) to trial
I was proceeding along the high street in a northern direction. 我正顺着大街向北走
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I. Word Study
11. instinct : n. the way people or animal naturally react or behave Word formation
2. attached
I. Word Study
attached to附属于 •camera attachment摄影机附件
1. Fill in the attached form, and fax it off to us.
Word formation v. Attach n. attachment
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3. binoculars
a pair of glasses like short telescopes for both eyes,used for
looking at distant objects
Word formation bi-: two bicycle
6. cathedral
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7. clumsily
a. awkward and ungraceful in movement or action
clumsy at 在…方面笨拙的 clumsy with 拙于
A clumsy dog knocked the cup over. 一只笨拙的狗把杯子弄翻了。
I. Word Study
10. dignity
n. a calm and serious manner that deserves respect Stand on one’s dignity 保持尊严 The sense of human dignity人的尊严感 We do this because we believe in the dignity and value of every person. 我们这样做是因为我们相信每个人的尊严和价值。
12. maternal a: having feelings typical of a caring mother toward a child
Word formation n. Maternity母性，
Maternal grandfather 外公 Maternal instinct Maternal and child health妇幼卫生 She had little maternal instinct.
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11. fascinated a.----fascinate v.
a. very interested, attracted;
•Her beauty fascinated every boy.
•她的美貌使所有的人都着了迷
a:being joined in close association;
填好随函所附的表格,并传真给我们。
affection: affection 指对人的爱慕或深厚、 温柔的感情，侧重感情的深沉。 love: love比affection的语气更强。表示一种 难以控制的激情。 attachment: attachment 通 常用于 书 面文 W T B L E 字中，既可指对某人某物的喜欢 ，又可指出自理智对某人或某物的热爱，尤指
I. Word Study
7. consume
v. To use sth. Esp. fuel, energy or time
Word formation n. consumption n. consumer
time-consuming Consume away 消耗掉 憔悴
If you consume something , you eat or drink.
Dust and cobwebs had accumulated in the house while she was gone. 她不在家期间,屋子里到处是灰尘,墙上挂满了蜘蛛网。
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a. instinctive
By instinct 出于本能
on instinct凭直觉
instinctive desire/ behavior
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She was fascinated at the spectacle of a rocket launching. 她被发射火箭的壮观场面强烈地吸引住了。
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12. legacy
n. money or other property that one receives from sb who has died •He is the legal heir to the legacy. 他是这个遗产的法定继承人。 They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left. 它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
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14
trespass n/v.
Word formation
v. enter unlawfully on someone's property; trespass on侵犯
Never trespass upon another’s rights.
She also cultivated a small garden of her own.
她还开垦了一个自己的小花园。
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9. delusion
n. the act of believing or making yourself believe sth.
a clumsy bear
Word formation a. clumsy
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8. definitely
definite----- indefinite
Word formation a. definite
indefinite indefinite indefinite indefinite
产科
Word formation n. bliss
We have a blissful life.