generation gap 大一口语考试
7.generation gap
7.Generation gapA:Generation gap is a common problem in modern society.It is caused by many and varied factors.But I think the main responsibility lies with parents.B:Yes, Physically,Parents are older and mature than us.They always do things cautiously and carefully. Besides,they have more experience than we do, therefore they have the ability to take appropriate measures to communicate with their children. If the parents do not do that with their children but choose to keep the generationgap between their children, the main responsibility should lie with parents.C:From the perspective of option, parents do not understand their children and they do not know what their children are thingking .They are in their own unique position and compel their chilren to do what they don't like to. Since parents stamp on achild's idea ,the generation gap between parents and chilren arises.D:In terms of family education ,parents play an important part in the relationship between parents and children. We know that a good family environment is bound to form a harmonious and warm family. What parents say and behave has a great influence on their children Negligence of the parents can cause children's pessimistic and negative values.This is also one of the factors causing the generation gap. From the above arguments,we can draw a conclution that the generation gap is largely due to parents.E：Sometimes you may feel that the adults around you do not understand many of the problems you have. For example, boys want to listen to music loud, but their parents always want them to turn it down. They don’t allow their children to turn up the radio too loudly. They want their children to be back ea rly in the evening. They think that children’s going to the concert is just a waste of time. They try to force their children to spend their sparetime doing things they like. And in most families there are no more computer games for children. So families often have unpleasant experiences.A：Generation gap doesn't come from differences between generations, but results from lack of understanding between them, and mutual understanding depends onhow well two generations communicate.B：Communication enhances the understanding between children and parents. For example, children should be always willing to share everything in their life. On the other hand , parents show their understanding and concern about them. It is nottough to bridge the gap, because the love between parents and children is the greatest in the world.C：The younger generation is essentially different from the older generation. Many old people are not satisfied with the young with the fashion dress, rock music and popular songs, and always sha ke their heads and say, “Ai, young men today …” What’s more, they usually think the children are still young and want to keep them under their wings.D：Nowadays, the young don’t blindly follow what the older say. They think their parents are out of date. They want absolute freedom and respect. They want to be free to choose their own direction. They want to be free to select their courses in school and select their food at home. They usually think that their parents can’t understand them and don’t respect t hem.E：To bridge the generation gap, mutual understanding is very important. The young must learn that many things the old believe in are for a good reason. The old must understand that what the young do is how things should be done in a new situation. The young need to respect the olds’ experience, while the old need to learn more fresh things and become more open-minded. They have to find some common ground to share with each other.A：The parents should try to give up their absolute power in family and give a fair environment to their children since it can make their children feel free to chat with their parents. Then it is easy for the parents to approach their lovely children. If so, a close and harmonious relationship between parents and children appears.。
大学英语口语教程 The generation gap 代沟
Useful expressions
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • Owing to： 因为 On/to the contrary： 正相反 For one’s sake： 为了…的缘故，为了…的利益 Let go of： 放手；放开 In charge of： 负责 Talk sth. over 商议，讨论 Get rid of : 摆脱；丢弃 Lose one’s cool: 失去冷静 Apply to do sth. (for sth.): 申请 Encounter Optimistically tend to Accounts of out of touch
How to narrow the generation gap
1. Communicate with each other, try to understand each other 2. Have patience
3. Put one feet into other’s shoes
4. The key to bridge the gap is understanding, is the holy love between family members.
Байду номын сангаас
• Generation gap Generation gap refers to the distance and contradiction(矛盾) between the old and the youth. • It’s a common(常见的) phenomenon(现象) that exits everywhere in the world and influences both the old and the youth. Generally speaking, generation gap results in different understanding and appreciation of the great and constant(固定的) changes of the world, different reaction to new things, and different attitudes to tradition(传统) principles(原则) and beliefs. Therefore, we may say where there are the old and the youth; there is the generation gap. • Generation gap is natural, but very influential(有影响 的). If we cannot deal with it appropriately(适当地), the gap will be greater and the greater and consequently(结 果) affect the work and the relation between the old and the young.
Generation gap (代沟)
•In 1960s,American anthropologistMargaret Mead first put forward thisword.（上世纪60年代，美国人类学家玛格丽特.米德首先提出了“代沟”这个概念。
）•The two generation have different values ,the ways of thinking ,behavior and ethical standards .Those result in difference of ideas and Behaviorhabits between them.(代沟是指两代人因价值观念、思维方式、行为方式、道德标准等方面的不同而带来的思想观念、行为习惯的差异。
)In modern times,science and technology hav brought many convenient to us.Many older people don't use that our new generation have the honor to use.（在当今时代，科技给我们带来了许多便利，许多老一辈的人没用过的东西我们新一代却有幸用用上了。
）Two generation of growth is different,have different experiences,the outlook on life,world, values are also different.(两代人有不同的成长经历，产生的人生观，价值观，世界观也就不同了。
)A simple example is:when an elderly ormiddle-aged people say someone is "honest", that is praise him;but when a 80s or 90s saythat ,you probably not happy,because it represents stiff,rigid.(举一个简单的例子：当一个老年人或中年人说某人“老实时”，那是在夸奖他；而当一个80后或90后这样说是，你可能就不高兴了，因为那或许意味着死板，木讷。
How to Bridge Generation Gap (怎样面临代沟)
How to Solve the Problem of the Generation Gap
What can we do to bridge the gap?
Don’t complain about our parents’ intrusion or disagreement because they have formed their habits and opinions for a long time, and it is hard for them to adapt themselves to the new and the different. When becoming a parent, don’t limit our child to our own circle, nor order our child to do whatever as we favor, because they are living in a different time.
Questions about Generation Gap
1. Do you often make decisions by yourself? 2. Do your parents interfere with your affairs because of different ideas? 3. Do you sometimes feel difficult to communicate with elderly people, e.g. your parents, grand-parents, uncles, aunts etc.?
Communication Tips for Parents and Kids
Good communication helps children and parents to develop confidence, feelings of self-worth, and good relationships with others. Try these tips:
Generation_gap
Spelling Bee
Basic components of a play
Characters Settings Stage directions Language Conflicts Climax Theme
What does a stage look like?
Up Left
Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a work-mate into pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom.
Text Organization
Setting 3 An office at a high school
Father embarrassed Heidi by boasting to an official of her new school about how bright she was.
Post-reading Tasks
Character analysis:
• Father
— shows great respect for Mother ⇒
• Mrs. Higgins, who is she?
(School official in charge of admitting new students to Benjamin Harrison High School.)
Text analysis — conflict of the play
Spelling Bee
关于代沟的英语口语
关于代沟的英语口语英文回答：The Generation Gap: Bridging the Divide.The generation gap is a phenomenon that has been observed throughout history. It refers to the differencesin values, beliefs, and attitudes between different generations. These differences can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and even estrangement between family members, friends, and colleagues.There are a number of factors that can contribute tothe generation gap. One factor is the rapid pace of technological change. Each new generation grows up with different technologies than the previous generation, andthis can lead to differences in how they communicate, learn, and interact with the world.Another factor that can contribute to the generationgap is the changing social and cultural landscape. As societies evolve, so too do the values and beliefs of the people who live in them. This can lead to generational differences in attitudes towards things like marriage, family, and career.The generation gap is not always a negative thing. In fact, it can be a source of strength and innovation. Different generations can bring different perspectives to the table, and this can lead to new ideas and solutions. However, it is important to be aware of the potential for conflict and to take steps to bridge the divide.Bridging the Generation Gap.There are a number of things that can be done to bridge the generation gap. One important step is to communicatewith each other. Talk to each other about your values, beliefs, and attitudes. Listen to each other's perspectives, and try to understand where they are coming from.Another important step is to be respectful of eachother. Even if you don't agree with someone's views, it is important to respect their right to have those views. Treat each other with kindness and compassion, and try to find common ground.Finally, it is important to be open to new experiences. Try to learn about the things that interest other generations. This will help you to understand their perspectives and to build bridges between generations.中文回答：代沟，如何弥合鸿沟。
generation gap
(1)the phenomenon of generation gap (2)the reasons that cause the generation gap (3)how to narrow the generation gap
Discussion
How to bridge the generation gap？
Last Next First
Communicate with each other, try to understand each other
Listen to the viewpoints of each side patiently
The Generation Gap
What is the generation gap?
The generation gap is and was a term popularized in Western countries during the 1960s. It refers to the differences between people of a younger generation and their elders, especially between children and their parents.
If you were the boy in the picture, what should you say to your mother?
代沟英文作文及答案
代沟英文作文及答案英文：Generation gap is a common phenomenon in many families and societies. It refers to the differences in values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors between different generations. As a young person, I have experienced this gap with my parents and grandparents.One of the main causes of the generation gap is the difference in upbringing and life experiences. For example, my grandparents grew up during a time of war and hardship, which shaped their values and beliefs. They value hard work, saving money, and respecting elders. On the other hand, my parents grew up in a time of economic growth and prosperity, which influenced their attitudes towards education, career, and personal fulfillment. They value individualism, creativity, and self-expression.Another cause of the generation gap is the rapid paceof technological change. As a digital native, I am comfortable with using technology and social media to communicate and connect with others. However, my parents and grandparents may struggle to keep up with the latest gadgets and apps, which can create misunderstandings and frustrations.To bridge the generation gap, it is important to communicate openly and respectfully with each other. We should try to understand and appreciate each other's perspectives and values, even if we don't always agree with them. For example, I have learned to respect my grandparents' traditional values and customs, even if they seem outdated to me. At the same time, I have also shared my own interests and hobbies with them, such as listening to music or watching movies together.In conclusion, the generation gap is a natural and inevitable part of life. However, with patience, empathy, and understanding, we can bridge this gap and build stronger relationships with our family members. 。
大一英语口语考试话题
大一英语口语考试话题
以下是一些适合大一英语口语考试的话题：
1. 自我介绍：谈论你的名字、家乡、兴趣爱好和专业等。
2. 大学生活：分享你对大学生活的期望、挑战和适应方法。
3. 家乡介绍：描述你的家乡，包括地理位置、特色、文化等。
4. 兴趣爱好：谈论你的兴趣爱好，以及它们如何影响你的生活。
5. 假期计划：分享你的假期计划，包括旅行目的地、活动等。
6. 学习方法：探讨你在学习英语或其他学科时的有效方法和技巧。
7. 未来规划：谈论你的短期和长期目标，以及你打算如何实现它们。
8. 校园生活：分享你在校园里的经历，如参加社团、课程学习等。
9. 友谊：讨论你对友谊的理解，以及如何与他人建立和维护良好的关系。
10. 环保：谈论环保的重要性以及你在日常生活中如何实践环保。
这些话题可以帮助你在英语口语考试中展开讨论，展示你的英语表达能力和思维能力。
记得提前准备一些相关的词汇和表达方式，以便更流畅地表达自己的观点。
同时，尽量保持自信和积极的态度，与考官进行自然的交流。
祝你考试顺利！。
大学英语口语考试问题
1. Friendship1. Do you have many friends? How important are they to you?2. What qualities do you expect in your friends?3. What is true friendship? What kind of friends do you think are true friends?4. What kind of people do you want to make friends with? Why?5. How do you make friends?6. How do you think can we keep friendship alive?2. Culture1. What can be regarded as the cultural symbol of a nation ?2. What does cultural difference mean? Can you give some examples?3. What interest you most about your culture?4. Comment on the proverb: Do in Rome as the Romans do.5. Who in your culture do you admire most?6. In your culture, what are you most proud of?7. Why do you think culture is important?8 What other cultures have you met people from?9. What do you think is important when visiting another culture?3. Customs1. Describe the customs on a special festival in China.2. What are your favorite customs?3. Describe the customs on a special festival in western world.4. What customs do you think should no longer be practiced?5. What customs (from elsewhere) do you think should be included in our culture?6. What kind of customs do you think are good customs?4. Marriage1. Do you think a happy marriage is the most important thing in your life?2. What is the most important quality when you choose a life companion?3. What do you think is the key to a happy marriage?4. Do you believe in love at first sight?5. How do you think husband and wife should treat each other?6. Can you endure all things in marriage for the sake of love?7. Do you think the spouses should be well matched in social and economic status? 5. Stress1. What does stress mean? (Stress is a state of worry due to pressure caused by the problems of living, such as too much work or study, heavy responsibilities, quickened pace of life, etc.)2 What causes stress to people?3. When are you under stress? What makes you feel stressed?4. What should we do to deal with stress?5. Do you think there is something positive about stress?6. What are stress-related diseases?6. D i saster1. Describe an accident or a disaster you have read or heard about.2. What can we do to help people in a disaster-stricken area?3. What should we do to prevent man- made accident or disasters?4. What are the chances of survival in an earthquake?5. What do you think is crucial during an emergency?7. Courage1. What is courage (courage is the quality of mind that enables one to face danger,difficulty or pain firmly and fearlessly)? Can you give an example of an act of courage?2. Do you see yourself as a courageous person? Why or why not?3. Are you willing to take risks for the welfare of others? Why?4. Can courage be taught? What can we do to cultivate in children the virtue of courage?5. How is courage different from rashness?8. The School1. What should be the major concerns of a student/teacher?2. What makes a good teacher? And what makes a good student?3. Who is the teacher you admire and respect most? Why?4. Which subject/course do you like most? Why?5. What do you think is the ultimate goal of our education?6. Why did you choose to study in this university? Would you like to be a teacher in the future?9. Humor1. How do you define humor? Does humor mean lack of seriousness?2. What does having a sense of humor mean?3. What is the value of humor in interpersonal relationship?4. How can a person acquire a sense of humor?5. What does a sense of humor often bring us?6. Describe a person who you think is humorous.10. Wealth and Money1. Do you think money can bring happiness? Why or why not?2. What does money mean to you: power, security or something else?3. What is your attitude towards wealth?4. What would you do if you win a lottery?5. Do you think wealth is a source of happiness or a source of problem? Why?6. Which do you prefer: saving, investing or spending when you get your pay?11.Anti-smoking1. Why do some young people pick up smoking?2. How harmful is smoking to smokers?3. Is smoking also harmful to nonsmokers? In what way?4. Do you think it is right to allow smokers to smoke in public? Why or why not?5. In what places has smoking already been banned? Are you in favor of this policy or not? Why?6. If you were a non-smoker, would you ask people to stop smoking in an enclosed area? Why or why not?7. What do you suggest we should do to create a smoke-free working environment? 12. Addiction1. What is addiction? What are the things people can easily get addicted to?2. What harm can addiction to drugs do to people?3. Why is drug abuse such a threat to our society? What can we do to prevent or reduce drug abuse?4. Do you think it is necessary for your university to start a drug education program?5. Why do you think some young people get addicted to computer games?13. Fashion1.Which is most important to you in deciding what to buy, brand, quality or price?2. Do you spend much money on fashion?3. What kind of clothes do you like to wear?4. Why do so many young people today go after famous name brands in everything they buy?5. What do you think of those people who judge others by the clothes they wear?6. Do you believe in the saying: Clothes make the man?14. Success1.What kind of life do you think is successful?2. Can we equate success with financial abundance? Why or Why not?3.What is the most important thing that your future success is based on?4. What do you think is the key to one’s success, opportunity or determination or hard work or something else? Why?5.What advice would you give to someone if he asks you for success?6. Describe a person who you think is a successful person.15. Hobbies1.What is your hobby? Can you name some of people’s hobbies?2.What is your favorite movie/book/writer/football star…?3. What kind of music do you prefer? Why?4. What recreation do you usually have on weekends?5. What kinds of hobby do you think university students should have? Why?6.How can you benefit from your hobbies?16. Campus Life1.Do you share your dormitory with others? Do you get along well with them?2.Have you ever joined any society or organization?3.Do you often do sports on the campus?4.Have you ever seen the phenomenon of campus love in our university? What doyou think of it?5.Do you think the campus love will end up happily?6.What advantages does campus love bring to the lovers?17. Pollution1.Do you think our environment is polluted? Can you give an example?2.What kind of pollution do you think is the most serious at present?3.What do you think are the main causes of pollution?4.What should every one of us do to protect our environment?18. Generation Gap1.Is there a generation gap between you and your parents? How would you describeyour relationship with your parents?2.How do you resolve the differences between you and your parents?3.What do you think are the main causes of generation gap?4.Do you celebrate Mother’s Day? How?5. Do you think parents’ love for their children is the greatest love in the world? 19. Future Career1.When you were young, what did your dream of becoming? How about now?2. What’s your short-term plan?3. What current issues concern you most?4. What do you intend to do after your four years in college?5.What is the most important factor in your choosing the future job?6.Does career play an important role in one’s life? Why do you think so?20. Dreams and Ambitions1.What do you want most in life? How great are the chances that you can realizeyour dream?2.What is the hardest thing to do in pursuing one’s dream?3.Have you ever heard of “ the American Dream”? What does it mean?4.How would you handle your failure?5. What do you think is crucial to make your dream come true?21. Happiness1.How can we own a happy life? What’s the most important factor?2.Can you describe the ideal happy life in your mind?3.Do you think money is the base of happy life? If yes, why? If not, what is it?4. What is the relationship between happiness and optimism?5. When you encounter something unhappy, what would you do to comfort yourself?22. Sports1.Are you an active boy / girl? What is your favorite sport?2.At present, what sports do most young people go in for?3.What is the relationship between sports and health?4.Could you name some ball games? Which one do you like most?5. What shall we take into account when we decide to take exercise?23. The Olympic Games1.Say something about Beijing Olympics.2.What do you think of China’s performance on the stage of Olympics?3.Who is the first Chinese who got the gold medal in the modern Olympic Games?In what event?4. What does Olympic Games advocate?24. Books1.Do you like reading? What kind of book do you like best?2.What do you think of the influence of books in a person’s growth or development?3.When you need some information, what do you turn to for help, the books in thelibrary or the Internet? Why?4. Can you name one or two books that impress you most?5. Who’s your favorite writer? Why do you admire him or her?25. The Internet1.Do you often surf the net and why?2.What can you do on the Internet?3.What are the advantages of the Internet?4.What are the disadvantages of the Internet?5.How do you think of making friends on the Internet?26. Language Learning1.When did you start learning English? Do you like English or not? Why?2.What is the purpose of studying English for most people? And what is it for you?3.What do you think is most important for successful language learning?4.Do you know the four skills of language learning? Among them, which one doyou think is most important for a non-English major student?5. What language skill do you pay special attention to? Why?27. Superstar1. Can you name some famous people you know about? Who impresses you most? Why?2. What’s your understanding about superstar? What kind of person can be called superstar according to you?3. Do you want to be a superstar? Why or why not4 .If you were a superstar, what would you do to help the children who cannot go to school?28. Animals1.Do you or your family keep pets? Why or why not?2.What animals or birds do you think are good as pets? Why?3.What are the positive effects that having a pet brings to the owner?4.What are the negative sides of keeping animals as pets?29. Advertising1.Do you like watching or reading advertisements? Why or why not?2.Do ads influence you in buying things? How?3.Suppose you have got a send-hand bicycle to sell, where would you place your adand how?4.Why do manufacturers spend so much money on advertising?30. Environment1. Do you think our environment is polluted? Can you give an example?2. What kind of pollution do you think is the most serious at present?3. What do you think are the main causes of pollution?4. Do you think we humans are to blame for the worsening of the environment?5. What have we done to save the environment? Give one or two examples.。
Unit 3 The Generation Gap
High School in America
In the United States, high school generally consists of grades 9, 10, 11 and 12, though this may vary slightly by school district. In some areas, high school starts with tenth grade; a few American high schools still cover grades 7 through 12. American students are allowed to leave high school at age 16-18, depending on the state, or when they graduate or go on to college or other education. This schoolleaving age is usually in grade 10 or 11 if the standard curriculum has been followed throughout life, without skipping grades or being held back. Thus, the last two years of high school are not compulsory, but most students complete high school and receive a diploma. A high school diploma is generally required for entrance into a college or university, but many colleges accept a small number of students after the eleventh grade.
Generation gap(1)
Generation gap吴——兄弟们最近怎么样啊How are you，my cute brothers?陈——我很好I’m fine.梁——我很好，他也很好Fine, him too.史——你为什么知道我很好啊？How do you know what I feel?梁——我们两个关系太好啦我好你就好We have so good relationship. If I feel better, you’ll be good as well.史——你好自恋啊What a self-love guy!陈——哈哈你们两个不要闹啦效乾你有什么事情吗？Aha, enough. Xiaoqian, what can i do for you?吴——是的，我正在做一个关于年龄代沟的调查，你们能帮助我一下吗？Yeah, i am doing a survey about generation gap.Can you do me a favor?陈——当然可以啦Of course.梁——当然可以.My pleasure.史——好吧，我尽力Ok, i will try my best.吴——那么我开始问几个问题啦，首先第一个问题，你们认为年龄代沟具体是什么，用一两句话来概括一下吧Now i begin to ask some question. First, what’s the generation gap? Could you use words to describe it? 陈——我认为年龄代沟简单的说就是我们和我们的父母或者其他的年老的亲戚，在很多事情和观念上存在着不同.In general, generation gap is the differences to something between the parents or grandparents and us. 梁——是的在这一点上我赞同涛哥的看法That’s right. I agree with him in this point.史——我也赞同Me too.梁——你别总是和我一样好吧Don’t copy me, please!史——我也不想和你一样I don’t want to do this too.吴——那么我想知道这些不同表现在哪些方面呢？这个问题，请斌哥回答！The differences must be showed in some ways, neednt’t it? brother bin , would you like to give me some opinions? 梁——好吧，这些不同表现在很多方面，例如学习态度、娱乐方法以及追求喜欢的女孩等问题上OK. There are some differences indeed, such as the attitude to study, the entertainment, the relation with girls and so on.史——我需要补充一句，在斌哥的想法中，追求自己喜欢的女孩才是最重要的。
大学英语-Unit-3-The-Generation-Gap
Scene 3. Father embarrassed Heidi by boasting to her new school official about how bright she was.
2. Sum up the main conflict in each part:
3. Analyze the characteristics of Father, Mother, and the children.
Audience
Conflicts: as the essence of a play, is a clash of actions, desires, ideas,or wills. It may happen in three forms:
man against man, man against environment, man against himself.
16.welfare
Parents are responsible for the ~ of their children.
4. The theme of the play:
Father interfered in children`s affairs with good intentions, but only to find his efforts unwelcome.
Listen and practice
Language study
批注本地保存成功开通会员云端永久保存去开通
College English
Integrated Course Book 2
Unit 3 The Generation Gap
Father Knows Better
大学英语读写课程年轻一代和父母的代沟作文
大学英语读写课程年轻一代和父母的代沟作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Generation Gap in University English Reading and Writing ClassesHi everyone! My name is Lucy, and I'm a primary school student. Today, I want to talk about something that I think is really important - the generation gap in university English reading and writing classes.As a young student, I often hear my parents and their friends talking about how different things were when they were in university. They say that the way they learned English was completely different from the way we learn it now. They had textbooks and lectures, while we have interactive online platforms and group discussions.Sometimes, I can see that my parents don't really understand why we need to learn English in such a different way. They think that the traditional methods were better because they worked for them. But I believe that the changes in the way we learn English are necessary and beneficial for our generation.Firstly, technology has made a big difference in the way we learn. We have access to a wide range of online resources, such as videos, articles, and interactive exercises. These resources make learning more interesting and engaging. We can watch videos of native speakers, read current news articles, and even practice speaking with people from different countries through online language exchange programs. These opportunities help us to develop a better understanding of the English language and its cultural context.Secondly, the focus of English classes has shifted from rote memorization to critical thinking and communication skills. In the past, students were often expected to memorize grammar rules and vocabulary lists without really understanding how to use them in real-life situations. But now, we are encouraged to think critically, express our opinions, and engage in discussions. This helps us to develop our analytical and communication skills, which are essential for success in the modern world.I understand that my parents might feel nostalgic for the old ways of learning. They might think that we are not learning English properly because we don't follow the same methods they did. However, I believe that it is important for them to trust the education system and teachers who have adopted these newapproaches. They should have faith in our ability to adapt and learn in a rapidly changing world.In conclusion, the generation gap in university English reading and writing classes is a real issue. However, I believe that the changes in the way we learn English are necessary and beneficial for our generation. Technology has opened up new opportunities for learning, and the focus on critical thinking and communication skills prepares us for the challenges of the modern world. It is important for parents to trust the education system and support their children as they navigate through these changes. Together, we can bridge the generation gap and create a brighter future for all of us.Thank you for listening to my thoughts on this topic. I hope you found it interesting and informative. Let's embrace the changes and make the most of our English classes!篇2Title: The Generation Gap in College English Reading and Writing ClassesHello, everyone! My name is Amy, and today I want to talk about something that I think is really important – the generation gap in college English reading and writing classes. You might bewondering, "What is a generation gap?" Well, it's the difference in opinions, beliefs, and values between different generations. In our case, it's the differences between young people like us and our parents. Let's explore this topic together!First of all, let's talk about why there is a generation gap in college English reading and writing classes. You see, our parents grew up in a different time when technology wasn't as advanced as it is now. They might not be familiar with the latest tools and resources that we use in our classes, such as online research databases or grammar-checking software. Sometimes, they find it hard to understand why we rely so much on these tools instead of doing things the traditional way.Another reason for the generation gap is the difference in teaching methods. Our parents might have learned English in a more traditional way, where memorization and repetition were key. On the other hand, our college English classes focus more on critical thinking, creativity, and communication skills. This can be confusing for our parents because they don't always understand why we're not following the same methods they used.Now, let's talk about how the generation gap affects us in college English classes. Sometimes, our parents might notunderstand why we spend so much time reading and writing about topics that don't seem relevant to them. They might think that our classes are a waste of time and that we should be focusing on more practical subjects. This can create tension and misunderstandings between us and our parents.Moreover, the generation gap can also affect our communication with our parents about our college English assignments. We might struggle to explain the concepts and ideas we are learning in class, leading to frustration and misunderstandings. Our parents might not be able to provide the help and support we need because they don't fully understand what we're studying.So, how can we bridge this generation gap in college English reading and writing classes? Communication is the key! We need to talk openly with our parents about our classes and explain why they are important to us. We can show them how these classes help us develop critical thinking, communication skills, and creativity, which are essential in our future careers.Additionally, we can involve our parents in our learning process. We can ask them to proofread our essays or engage in discussions about the topics we're studying. This way, they canbetter understand what we're learning and feel more connected to our education.In conclusion, the generation gap in college English reading and writing classes is a common challenge that many of us face. By improving communication and involving our parents in our learning process, we can bridge this gap and create a better understanding between us. Remember, it's important to respect our parents' opinions while also expressing our own thoughts and beliefs. Together, we can make our college English experience more enjoyable and meaningful!Thank you for listening to my thoughts on this topic. I hope you found it interesting and insightful. Let's work together to bridge the generation gap in our college English classes!篇3The Generation Gap in College English Reading and Writing ClassesHi everyone! Today, I want to talk about something that affects many young people like me -- the generation gap in college English reading and writing classes. Do you know what a generation gap is? Well, it's when people from different generations, like parents and children, have different ideas,opinions, and ways of doing things. It can sometimes lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.In college, we have a subject called English reading and writing. This class is important because it helps us improve our language skills and prepares us for the future. However, there is often a big difference between how young people like us approach this class and how our parents think about it.Firstly, let's talk about the way we learn. We are part of the digital generation, which means we grew up using computers, smartphones, and the internet. We are used to finding information quickly online and communicating through social media. When it comes to reading and writing, we prefer using digital resources and tools. We like to search for information online, read e-books, and use grammar and spell-checking software. This makes our learning process more interactive and engaging.On the other hand, our parents belong to a different generation. They may have learned English in a more traditional way, using textbooks and attending physical classes. They might feel more comfortable with printed materials and prefer the traditional methods of learning. They might not understand whywe rely so much on technology and find it difficult to accept the changes in the learning environment.Another difference is the way we express ourselves in writing. We are more inclined to use informal language and abbreviations because we are used to texting and chatting online. We enjoy expressing our opinions freely and creatively. We like to use emojis, memes, and even GIFs to make our writing more expressive. But sometimes, our parents find it hard to understand our writing style. They might think it's not professional enough or that we are not taking our studies seriously.Moreover, there are cultural differences that contribute to the generation gap in college English reading and writing classes. Our parents might come from a different cultural background where English was not the primary language. They might struggle with understanding the nuances of the language, which can make it difficult for them to guide us effectively. This can create misunderstandings and frustrations on both sides.So, how can we bridge this generation gap? Communication is the key! We need to talk to our parents and explain to them how we learn and why we prefer certain methods. We can show them the benefits of using technology in our studies, such asaccess to a wide range of resources and opportunities for collaboration. We can also assure them that we understand the importance of formal language and can adapt our writing style when needed.Parents, on the other hand, should try to be moreopen-minded and willing to adapt to new ways of learning. They can also make an effort to understand the digital tools and resources that we use. By working together, we can find a middle ground where both generations can appreciate each other's perspectives and support each other in our educational journey.In conclusion, the generation gap in college English reading and writing classes is a real challenge that many young people face. By understanding and respecting each other's learning styles, we can bridge this gap and create a more harmonious learning environment. Let's embrace the opportunities that technology brings while preserving the importance of traditional learning methods. Together, we can make the most out of our college English reading and writing classes!I hope you enjoyed reading my article!篇4The Generation Gap in College English Reading and Writing CoursesHello everyone! Today, I want to talk to you about something really interesting – the generation gap in college English reading and writing courses. You might be wondering what a "generation gap" is. Well, it's a term we use to describe the differences in opinions, beliefs, and behaviors between different generations, like us kids and our parents.In recent years, there has been a noticeable generation gap when it comes to the way we learn English in college. You see, us young students have grown up in a digital world where technology is a big part of our lives. We are used to using smartphones, tablets, and computers for almost everything, including reading and writing. We enjoy interactive learning methods and multimedia resources that make studying more fun and engaging.However, our parents belong to a different generation. They grew up in a time when technology wasn't as advanced as it is today. They learned English through traditional methods, such as textbooks, lectures, and paper-based assignments. They might find it difficult to understand why we prefer using technology and why we find it more effective for learning.For example, in our college English reading and writing courses, we often use online platforms and digital resources to access reading materials, submit assignments, and receive feedback from our professors. We can easily search for information, watch educational videos, and participate in online discussions. These methods help us develop critical thinking skills and enhance our overall understanding of the language.On the other hand, our parents might worry that relying too much on technology will hinder our ability to think independently and communicate effectively in the real world. They might think that using traditional methods, like reading physical books and writing on paper, is more reliable and will better prepare us for future challenges.This generation gap sometimes leads to misunderstandings and conflicts between us and our parents. They might not fully grasp the changes in the education system and the benefits that technology brings to our learning experience. It's important for us to communicate with them and explain our perspectives patiently.We can assure our parents that technology is not replacing traditional learning methods; it is simply enhancing them. We can still read physical books and write on paper when necessary,but using technology allows us to explore more diverse andup-to-date resources. It helps us stay connected with the world and develop the necessary skills for the digital age.Additionally, we can emphasize the importance of balance. We can let our parents know that we understand the value of face-to-face interactions, critical thinking, and effective communication skills. We can assure them that we are not becoming too dependent on technology, but rather using it as a tool to expand our knowledge and improve our English proficiency.In conclusion, the generation gap in college English reading and writing courses between us young students and our parents is a result of the rapid advancements in technology. It's important for us to bridge this gap by communicating and educating our parents about the benefits of using technology in our learning process. Let's embrace the opportunities that technology offers while also valuing the traditional methods that have laid the foundation for our language skills. Together, we can create a harmonious learning environment that respects both the old and the new.Thank you for listening, and remember, we're all in this together!篇5The Big Difference Between Me and My ParentsMy name is Alex and I'm 10 years old. I love playing video games, watching YouTube videos, and using apps on my tablet. My parents are always telling me I spend too much time on screens though! They just don't understand how much fun it is.My mom and dad grew up a long time ago, when there were no smartphones, tablets or even the internet! Can you believe that? They had to read books made of paper and write things down with pens and pencils. How boring!They like doing old-fashioned things like going to the park, playing board games, and talking to each other face-to-face. I don't really get the point of that stuff when you can just hang out in virtual worlds with your friends online. Way more exciting if you ask me!My parents are always nagging me to "get some fresh air" and "use my imagination more." But I use plenty of imagination when I'm gaming or making videos to put on TikTok. They just don't appreciate all the cool things kids today can do with technology.Another thing is they're always worrying about my safety online and cyberbullying and stuff. I keep telling them I know what I'm doing and that the internet is no big deal, but they don't listen. I guess it's because that kind of thing didn't exist back in their day.To be honest, I think my parents are just kind of lame and old-fashioned. They get all worked up about silly things like me staying up late scrolling through Instagram or watching one more episode on Netflix. Like, chill out mom and dad, it's not the end of the world!But then again, I have to admit there are some things about my parents that are actually kind of cool. Like how they make amazing home-cooked meals from scratch, instead of just ordering takeout all the time. And how they read me classic books with beautiful illustrations before bed sometimes. Okay, maybe those things aren't so lame after all.I probably shouldn't be too hard on them. After all, their childhoods were way different from mine. They didn't have all the awesome gadgets, games and apps we have today. So I can understand why they seem a bit confused by a lot of the new tech stuff kids are into.And I guess some of the old-school values they keep trying to teach me aren't totally ridiculous. Like learning to be independent, working hard on goals, and showing respect for others. Things that can get lost when you're just stuck behind a screen all day.Still, the fact is us kids today are just wired completely differently from how our parents were at our age. We've grown up in this fast-paced digital world since day one. While they had to slowly adapt to all the new gadgets and gizmos emerging.So there's bound to be some clashes and conflicts between our generations. We'll just have to find some middle ground eventually. Maybe my parents canlearn to appreciate my love of tech and online trends more. And maybe I can learn to unplug more often and reconnect with some of those traditional pastimes they enjoy.Because at the end of the day, despite all our differences, we're still family. And bridging that generation gap is important if we want to understand each other better. Who knows, I might even decide to teach my parents some cool dance moves I learned on TikTok!篇6The Big Divide Between Me and My ParentsHi there! My name's Jamie and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to talk to you about the huge generation gap between kids like me and our parents. It's something I think about a lot because my parents and I seem to be from two totally different planets sometimes!I'll start by talking about technology because that's probably the biggest difference between our generations. My parents are always going on about how when they were kids, there were no smartphones, tablets, or even computers really. Can you imagine?! I've had a tablet since I was a tiny tot and I don't know what I'd do without my phone to play games, watch videos, and chat with my friends.My parents are always nagging me to "get off my devices" and accusing me of having my face "glued to a screen." But they're the ones who are always working on their laptops or scrolling on their phones! It's so hypocritical. I mean, I get that they're working and doing important grown-up stuff, but I use technology for fun and to socialize which is really important for kids my age.Another big technology gap is how my parents seem baffled by new apps and games that come out. They're always asking meto show them how things work. Just the other day my mom couldn't figure out how to post a photo on InstaPic and got all flustered until I helped her. Kids today are born with an innate understanding of technology that a lot of adults struggle with.Speaking of social media, that's another gigantic divide. My parents are always lecturing me about "online privacy" and telling me not to share personal information or inappropriate photos. That's just common sense to kids nowadays though! We know how to be smart about what we post online. Meanwhile, my parents are friends with their obscure cousins and randoms from their past on SocialSite and share wayyyy too much personal info.The online privacy generation gap is kind of ironic when you think about it. Most kids actually have a better grasp of putting privacy settings in place and separating what we share with different online friends/followers. Our parents' generations didn't really grow up with that same need for privacy controls.Another big divide is around communication styles. I pretty much only use text/messaging apps and social media to keep in touch with my friends, whereas my parents are obsessed with actual phone calls. When a friend's mom calls my cell, I'm like "OMG how retro!" I'll sometimes intentionally not answer andsay I didn't hear the phone. Because who wants to be tied down to a real-time conversation these days?My parents also cannot seem to grasp abbreviations and slang that my friends and I use when we chat. I'll be talking about "shipping" two characters in a show I like and my mom will be like "What does that mean? Why are you talking about boats and packages?" Or I'll say something was "lit" and they're like "You started a fire?!" Ugh, no, it just means it was amazing! Get with the times!Music is another massive generation gap area. My parents grew up in the Era of Lame Rock Bands whereas I listen to the fresh beats and funky melodies of today's top songwriters and producers. Not to mention the incredible choreography in modern music videos! My dad will sometimes pause one of my videos and be like "You call this music? It's just someone yelling over computer sounds!"Meanwhile, my parents subject me to their "classic" music from their childhood, claiming it's "real music" and I'm like "This sounds like a buncha cats being strangled." No thanks, I'll pass on listening to your oldies (moldies?).Fashion is also a huge divide between myself and my parents. They barely let me pick out my own outfits and are always sayingmy clothes are "inappropriate" or "trying too hard to look older." What?! I just want to look fresh and express my individuality through my dope style. Whereas my parents' idea of fashion is pretty much jeans and a solid color T-shirt. Snoozeville!Speaking of expressing myself, my parents simply do not understand the importance of being able to dye/cut my hair funky colors or get non-permanent body modifications like piercings and temporary tattoos. They see it as some kind of bid for attention or rebelling against authority. But kids my age know it's just about exploring our identities and self-expression! My parents fail to grasp that concepts like gender norms and identity are way more flexible for my generation compared to when they were young.I guess some of these generation gaps just come down to how insanely quickly culture shifts in the internet age. What was cool and mainstream just 5-10 years ago can feel massively outdated to kids today. My parents don't seem to comprehend how rapidly things change and get replaced by "the next big thing" in our impulsive era of short attention spans and viral phenomenons.Anyway, those are some of the major gaps I see between myself and my parents. Don't get me wrong, I love them topieces! We just have a hard time relating sometimes or seeing eye-to-eye on stuff. I'm sure when I'm a parent myself one day, my own kids will think I'm jus an out-of-touch old fogey who doesn't "get it." Such is the cycle of generational disconnect!Well, I should get going - my parents are waiting for me to get off my tech for family dinner time. If only they realized that banning devices at the table is so last decade! Maybe in another 10 years or so they'll finally embrace eating meals while we're all on our phones together. A girl can dream! TTYL!。
高中英语作文范文：Generationgap代沟_高中英语作文_
高中英语作文范文：Generation gap代沟【导语】下面小编为同学们介绍优秀的高中英语，欢迎阅读。
更多优秀作文尽在“代沟”是许多年轻人经常抱怨父母的一个借口，总认为父母不了解他们，不信任他们。
不过小编认为，平等地交流，真诚的对话可以避免代沟的产生。
下面是一篇关于代沟的高中英语作文范文，供大家作参考。
题目提示：许多年轻人抱怨父母不了解他们;“代沟”一词成了彼此间误解的借口;我认为父母和孩子应该平等交流，避免代沟。
参考范文：Nowadays, many young people are complaining that their parents can not understand them very well. They say that their parents take care of every aspect of their lives, leaving them unable to have their private space. Yet, parents are worried that their children don't show any respect to them and never give them any trust.现在，许多年轻人抱怨他们的父母不太了解他们，他们认为父母对他们生活的各个方面干涉太多，使得他们没有自己的空间。
然而，父母却担心孩子对他们不够尊重和信任。
Consequently, the household phrases spreading. It is the "Generation Gap". By using this phrase, both the young and the old have found a good explanation for their misunderstanding of each other, yet they don't bother to take any measures to cover the distance between them.这种现象的结果使得“代沟”一词广为流传。
大学英语口语考查话题
B2014期末口语考查题目1.Do you have a generation gap between your parents? Is itpossible to bridge this gap?There is a generation gap between my parents and I. Generally speaking, generation gap results in different understanding and appreciation of the great and constant changes of the world, different reaction to new things, and differentattitudes to tradition principles and beliefs.If we want to bridge this gap, we need to learn from each other. Young should respect parents, then the hearing would also like to hear, do not always think that old conservative, old knowledge, the experience of the old useless, in fact, not always true.2.The person you admire most, what makes you respect them?One person that I admire is my grandmother. She was a great woman and one that held on in times of turmoil, she taught me to be strong to go ahead. I can learn two things from her. One is that never give up no matter what happened. Theother one is that a person can make herself successful by practising, studying and trying for millions or even billions of times but not by just thinking or sayingwithout actions.3.What is your favorite Chinese holiday? Which Westernholiday most interests you?My favorite Chinese holiday is Lunar New Year which is one of the major holidays for Chinese and Vietnamese people. Thecelebration, also called the Spring Festival, which has been atraditional Chinese festival for thousands of years. In the recent years, people have been celebrating it in an increasingly happy atmosphere and in an ever-grander style. It is indeed the most delightful time of the year for the Chinese.The most Western holiday interests me most is Thanksgiving Day.The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, walnuts and grapes. The best and mostattractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. In everysense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join to express their thanks for the year's bounty andreverently ask for continued blessings.4.What are the advantages and disadvantages of being rich?Rich and to do good is good, and bad thing to do is hurt. Money is not everything, but without money you can do nothing, the rich can have a lot of things, can want to buy what they want, eat what they want, but money is can not buy a healthy body, true love.It is easier for a man who is wealthy profligate, always have to worry about theft, live in fear.If we are rich, should make money more valuable, such as donations to charity, the poor children, and so on.5. Describe your hometown, and tell 3 things you like about your hometown.My hometown is Shantou which is China's only inland sea of urban cities also known as Island Road, a beautiful tree to tree Phoenix opened the Jinfeng elegant flowers and orchids for Youxiang's floral emblem, the standard is a subtropical coastal city.Shantou both marine culture-specific customs charisma, retains the Central Plains ancient cultural legacy, such as Chinese opera known as a living fossil Chaoju, and unique ancient temples, residential buildings, Gong Fucha Andmulti-god worship, and so on, you are free from the ancient and magical.6. What is a healthy balanced diet and how to eat healthy?A balanced diet means eating plenty of different foods from four main groups of foods and limiting the amount we eat from a smaller fifth group.Eating a healthy, balanced diet is important for sustained energy and illness prevention. Eating healthy is not about cutting calories or strict dieting; it's about ensuring your body gets the nutrients it needs to thrive.It is necessary to keep a balanced diet if you want to keep healthy. You'd better eat enough vegatables which contain rich vitamin, proper meat is needed, too.7. Can you name some famous symbols that can represent Chinese culture? Why can they represent Chinese culture?I think the dragon, the Great Wall and Peking Opera is the most representative,on behalf of the Chinese cultural image.Dragon, it is a Chinese in terms of personal accomplishment and communicating an ultimate pursuit and ideal realm, a breakthrough bound to omnipotent state, and the changes over the environment, realize self in the blend in nature.The Great Wall is industrious and the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation, the nation's great creativity, but also the indomitable national spirit and national cohesion invulnerable.Beijing Opera is the quintessence. Is artistic conception, embodies the connotation of Chinese traditional culture. Is the concentrated reflection of Chinese traditional culture and Chinese culture.8. In your mind, what is the best approach to cope with pressure? Why?Stress is everyone must be on a bind in the society which can force you to do something, but too much pressure will make people produce psychological disease.As for me, I will do something they like to relax myself, such as music, travel, play computer and so on are very conducive to me to release stress.In these ways,I think the best way is to sing, because it can roar through to release their pressure.9. The Spring Festival is the most traditional Chinese holiday and talk about some ways of celebrating it in your hometown.My hometown is in Shantou, where the Spring Festival custom is to clean up the kitchen on the first day, thanks for gold of kitchen this year to let us home andclothing is not short, sweet, have ample food and clothing also hope the coming year.The next day, the street was covered with "red carpet", is all some set offfirecrackers on New Year's eve firecrackers red paper. Very few people in thestreet.On the third night, Men would take their children to relatives and friends happy New Year. For the children, no more than is a good thing, because will receive red envelopes. Women are stay at home, they can't sweep the floor, for it will sweep away the blessing.10. "the thinner, the better", share your views on beauty?Full in order to be beauty in my opinion, no meter the fat or the thin, trim is the most good-looking. Isn't a women look like bones are beautiful?"The thin the beauty" , this is just the value of our time.Such as the Tang dynasty think women with fat and plump are beauty. I think, regardless of fat thin, so long as the body health and it is enough.11. What do you think of the two-child policy?I support the two-child policy. On the one hand, nowadays, China's agingproblem is more and more serious, a couple will have four old man. For a child, there are many difficulties and problems of family income, energy and time .If China open a two-child policy, can alleviate the pressure of the only children. In addition, single children dote on is overweight, now have twochildren can ease the future family burden, is mutual love, understand more.12. What shall we do if earthquake happens?If earthquake happened, firstly, don't panic and calm down. Secondly, findsome safe place to stay and don't run in such a hurry. One should hidehimself/herself under something hard, such as desk or even bed and keep away from shelf and cupboard, and never take a lift to go downstairs.We should help each other when we meet trouble. No matter how strong the earthquake is, if only we have the belief to defeat it and never give up, we must be able to overcome any difficulties.13. What do you think about this city’s public transport system?Urban road traffic congestion, is a world difficult problem. A large population in our country, the current and undergoing fast economic and social development, the traffic problem is more and more attention by people.Guangzhou is a developed city of China, the traffic problems but also emerge in endlessly. Transport system urgently needs to upgrade and update.In order to solve this problem, people through education should improve their consciousness, create green travel, more use public transportation, reduce the use of private cars. Government must issued by the law to reduce purposetype traffic disturbance to the transit traffic, thus improve the efficiency of large highway transit traffic through, realize the reasonable allocation of transportresources.14. Can you say sth about the difference between extended family and nuclear family?Extended family is a traditional family structure,where has more than 2 generations living together,or we usually call it “Big family”.An extended family is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, consisting of aunts, uncles, and cousins all living nearby or in the same household.The advantage of living in an extended family is that I will have a closer relationship with the familymembers.A nuclear family or elementary family is a family group consisting of a pair ofadults and their children.This is in contrast to a single-parent family. They have to overcome every problems they confront and decide all things. Even though they can ask friends or relatives for advices, this way is far less effiecient than do this in a extended family. Besides,loneliness will always revolves them.15. W hat are the advantages of 24-hour stores?24-hour stores open all day, night is business as usual. The advantages are smaller, low joining threshold, so it can further communities, unlikehypermarket, which should consider many factors to decide to open. 24 hours a day and more convenient to customers to buy the necessary items in the night.Market prospects should be good.。
MyOpinionaboutGenerationGap
MyOpinionaboutGenerationGap第一篇：My Opinion about Generation GapMy Opinion about Generation Gap 写一篇英文短文（至少120英文词），要求包括以下要点：1.什么是代沟？有哪些表现？2.它是新现象还是古已有之？ 3.长生代沟的原因； 4.如何才能消除代沟？With the development of the society, parents are getting more and more difficult to understand the children.Therefore, a misunderstanding called generation gap appears.Then let's discuss these four areas about generation gap.In the first place, in my opinion, generation gap is a misreading which is because different ages result in difference in thinking and action between parents and children.What's more, generation gap mainly lies in the following aspects:dressing, diet, even values and outlook on life.In the next place, is the generation a new phenomenon? As far as I'm concerned, it's a traditional trend since ancient times, however, it becomes increasingly severe.Furthermore, how does it occur? Needless to say, age disparity between parents and us is fixed.On no account can we ignore the value of experience and knowledge which gained in these past decades.Thanks to these abundant experience, parents have a deeper recognition about life.On the contrary, bound by these experiences, sometimes they are out of date.While the old ideas collide with the new, the generation gap appears without st but not least, it's essential that we should find a solution to decrease the adverse effect of generation gap.Problems arose out of the lack of communications, so it is high time for us to communicate with parents frequently.In addition to this, we should think more, and feel more with putting on others' shoes and feel more of what others feel.Beside these, we may as well increase the awarenessof the significance of comprehension and respect.Only in this way can we eliminate the bad influence of generation gap.To sum up, there is no denying that the generation gap exists all the time.We may as well respect our parents and elders, take their comments into consideration.Only by doing so can we achieve a wonderful result.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Nowadays, there is often a lack of understanding between parents and children. Children always complain that their parents are out of date, while parents can’t approve of what their children say and do. Thus, a big generation gap is formed.
In the text , Sandy likes rock music, but her father can not stand .Sandy want to make-up, but her mother can not accept
There are some reasons for the existence of generation gap. First, the environment in which young people now live is quite different from that in which their parents grew up. Therefore, they often hold different opinions on various problems in life. Secondly, people of different age have different interests. Young people want to do what they like while older people often interfere when they think what the young people are doing is wrong.
Seriously, how to bridge the generation gap? In my opinion, generation gap can be bridged as long as both parents and children are willing to make efforts. They may have an open talk and tell each other what they think about certain problems. They should be considerate enough to realize that each generation has its own advantages and drawbacks. Their openness and consideration will probably result in a much better relationship between parents and children.。