In some field of inquiry
新GRE中Issue分类,合并以及翻译
教育类：第1组：通才VS专才（6，14，96，116）A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
（13，46，70，102，112，140）Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
（24，29，52）The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。
37Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。
54In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.为了成为全面发展的个体，应该要求所有的大学生选择可以阅读诗歌、小说、神话等想象力文学的课程。
高英(下)单词U6-U8解析+翻译题
Unit 61. norms: convention, standard,rule n.规范，基准2. maroon: put a person ashore on a deserted island, strand将……置于孤立无援的、无法脱身的境地3. incomprehensible: impossible to understand, rule4. innocence: naivety5. plonk: set down heavily and carelessly随意放下，砰然放下6. musing: meditate, think deeply n.沉思；冥想7. de prav ity: corruption, wickedness【记】de下，prav坏－向下变坏－堕落；depravity是人性被deprive剥夺的结果<br>【参】depraved[SAT]（adj堕落的；邪恶的）；deprivation（n 剥夺）<br>【类】doldrums:energy＝depravity:virtue 消沉缺乏活力＝堕落缺乏美德"8. ex al ted: elate, inspire (ex出来+sal跳=跳起来=升高)9. impediment: hindrance, obstacle .(im进入+pede→把脚放进去→妨碍)10. reeled: have a sensation of whirling11. staggered: totter, move unsteadily蹒跚12. bulged: stick out, protrude突出13. detested: dislike very much, loathe憎恨，厌恶14. pious: devout, having a dutiful reverence for God虔诚的15. proposition: statement in which an opinion or judgment is expressed论点16. stampede: force sb, into a hasty action狂奔，奔向17. con fer red: give, grant, present授予（–fer带来）18. portent ous: pompously solemn, pretentious自命不凡的【记】源于：portent（n 凶兆；奇事）；又源于portend（v 预示）por＝pro在前面，tend倾向－在前面有倾向－预示19. deficiencies: defect, imperfection, weakness20. bolster: reinforce, strengthen改善，加强21. beam: smile, joyfully22. in scrut able: not to be discovered, incomprehensible谜一样的scrut词源: scrutari(L.), to examine, to search carefully 检查, 细察23. mingle: mix, associate24. ami ability: friendlinessami 词根：爱, 喜欢, 爱好和蔼可亲的25. concede: admit the truth of 承认26. sordid: dirty, ignoble肮脏的，卑鄙的27. ir re ver ent: deficient in respect [ir<in(=not) + re(=again) + ver(=feel awe) 不再有敬畏感的]28. delinquent: guilty of minor crimes29. gre garious: fond of company 合群的greg=flock 群，集合30. re ver ed: respect and admire greatly尊敬，崇敬31. awe: a feeling of respect combined with fear or wonder.1. It is high time you and I came to an understanding about our respective duties.达成你和我早该就我们各自的职责达成谅解了。
毕业后找工作还是继续深造 英语作文
毕业后找工作还是继续深造英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1To Work or Study More? That is the QuestionAs I approach the end of my university days, I find myself at a crossroads – do I dive headfirst into the job market and start my career, or do I continue my academic journey and pursue further studies? It's a dilemma that has plagued many a fresh graduate, and one that I've been grappling with for quite some time.On one hand, the allure of financial independence and the chance to put my hard-earned knowledge into practice is undeniably tempting. After years of living the life of a struggling student, subsisting on instant noodles and the occasional care package from home, the prospect of earning a steady paycheck is incredibly appealing. Not to mention the opportunity to finally move out of my shoebox-sized dorm room and into a place of my own.Moreover, the job market, at least in my field, seems to be holding up relatively well. Companies are always on the lookout for fresh talent, eager minds to infuse new energy and ideas intotheir organizations. With my specialized degree and a stellar academic record (or so I'd like to think), I fancy my chances of landing a decent entry-level position at a reputable firm.Yet, the siren song of further education continues to beckon. There's something to be said for the life of a scholar, constantly pushing the boundaries of human knowledge and understanding. The opportunity to delve deeper into my chosen discipline, to explore its intricacies and nuances under the tutelage of renowned experts, is an enticing proposition indeed.Graduate studies would also afford me the chance to hone my research skills, an invaluable asset in today'sknowledge-driven economy. Employers increasingly value individuals who can not only regurgitate facts but also analyze complex data, identify patterns, and formulate novel solutions to intricate problems. A master's degree or even a doctoral program could equip me with the advanced analytical and critical thinking capabilities that set me apart from the pack.Furthermore, staying in academia, at least for a little while longer, would allow me to indulge my intellectual curiosity unfettered by the demands of the corporate world. I could pursue esoteric lines of inquiry, engage in theoretical debates, and immerse myself in the pursuit of knowledge for knowledge'ssake – a luxury that may prove elusive once I'm beholden to the bottom line.Of course, the decision to forgo immediate employment and instead invest in further education is not without its drawbacks. For one, there's the not-so-small matter of cost. Tuition fees, especially for graduate programs at prestigious institutions, can be exorbitant, and the prospect of accruing even more student debt is a daunting one. Unless I'm fortunate enough to secure a coveted scholarship or teaching assistantship, financing my continued studies could prove to be a significant financial burden.Then there's the opportunity cost to consider. While I'm ensconced in the ivory tower, my peers who opted for the workforce will be gaining valuable real-world experience, climbing the corporate ladder, and building their professional networks. By the time I eventually rejoin them, I may find myself at a disadvantage, lacking the practical skills and connections that could hinder my career prospects.And let's not forget the psychological toll of prolonged studenthood. As much as I cherish the life of the mind, the thought of spending yet another few years subsisting on ramen noodles and pulling all-nighters in the library fills me with asense of trepidation. There's something to be said for the routine and stability of a 9-to-5 job, not to mention the promise of a steady paycheck and the occasional weekend off.Ultimately, the decision of whether to work or study more boils down to a careful weighing of priorities and aspirations. If my goal is to maximize my earning potential and embark on a traditional career path as swiftly as possible, then diving headfirst into the job market may be the prudent choice. Conversely, if I'm driven by an insatiable thirst for knowledge and a desire to contribute to the advancement of my field, then further academic pursuits could be the more fulfilling option.Perhaps the ideal solution lies somewhere in the middle – a compromise that allows me to dip my toes into the professional world while keeping one foot firmly planted in academia. Many companies today actively encourage and support their employees' pursuit of advanced degrees, offering tuition reimbursement programs and flexible scheduling to accommodate continued studies. Such an arrangement could provide the best of both worlds, enabling me to gain practical experience while simultaneously deepening my theoretical understanding.As I weigh the pros and cons, I can't help but feel a sense of excitement and trepidation in equal measure. The path I choose will undoubtedly shape the trajectory of my life and career in profound ways. It's a momentous decision, one that requires careful deliberation and a healthy dose of soul-searching.Yet, amid the uncertainty, one thing is clear: whichever route I ultimately opt for, it will be a journey of personal growth, intellectual exploration, and self-discovery. For is that not the true purpose of education – to equip us not just with knowledge and skills, but with the tools to navigate the complexities of life and forge our own paths?As I stand at this crossroads, I take solace in the knowledge that there are no wrong choices, only different adventures awaiting. The road ahead may be long and winding, but it is one I will traverse with open eyes, an open mind, and an open heart, ever receptive to the lessons and experiences that lie in store.For now, the dilemma persists, but I embrace it as a testament to the wealth of opportunities that lie before me. To work or study more? That is the question – and one that I will answer in due time, guided by equal parts reason and passion, pragmatism and wonder.篇2To Work or Study Further? A Tough Decision for Fresh GraduatesAs I approach the end of my university days, I find myself grappling with one of the most significant decisions of my life so far - whether to dive straight into the workforce and start earning a living or to continue my academic journey by pursuing further studies. Both paths have their merits and drawbacks, and the choice is far from straightforward.On one hand, the allure of financial independence and the opportunity to apply the knowledge I've gained over the past few years is undeniably tempting. After years of living on a student budget and relying on my parents' support, the prospect of earning my own money and achieving a sense ofself-sufficiency is incredibly appealing. Furthermore, entering the job market right after graduation would allow me to gain valuable hands-on experience and start building my professional network, which could prove invaluable in the long run.However, the counter-argument for continuing my education is equally compelling. Further studies would not only deepen my understanding of my chosen field but also open upnew avenues for intellectual exploration and personal growth. Pursuing a postgraduate degree or a specialized certification could potentially increase my marketability and earning potential in the future. Additionally, the academic environment fosters critical thinking, research skills, and exposure to diverse perspectives, all of which are invaluable assets in today's rapidly evolving world.As I weigh these options, I cannot help but consider the potential sacrifices associated with each path. If I choose to work immediately, I may have to put my academic aspirations on hold, at least temporarily. On the flip side, pursuing further education would likely mean delaying my financial independence and potentially accumulating more student debt. Moreover, the job market is fiercely competitive, and there is no guarantee that additional qualifications will translate into better job prospects or higher salaries.Another factor that adds complexity to this decision is the ever-changing landscape of the job market and the rapid pace of technological advancements. The skills and knowledge I've acquired during my undergraduate studies may become obsolete in the near future, necessitating continuous learning and professional development. In such a dynamic environment,the choice between work and study may not be as binary as it seems.Perhaps the most pragmatic approach would be to strike a balance between the two paths. Many employers nowadays offer tuition reimbursement programs or flexible schedules that allow employees to pursue part-time studies. This could be an ideal compromise, enabling me to gain practical experience while simultaneously expanding my knowledge and skillset.Ultimately, the decision will likely come down to my personal priorities, financial circumstances, and long-term career aspirations. If my goal is to enter a highly specialized field or pursue a career in academia, further studies may be the more prudent choice. Conversely, if my primary objective is to gain practical experience and begin earning a steady income, entering the workforce immediately may be the better option.Regardless of the path I choose, I am acutely aware that the decision I make today will have far-reaching implications for my future. It is a daunting prospect, but one that I must approach with careful consideration, self-reflection, and a willingness to embrace the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.As I stand at this crossroads, I am reminded of the wise words of the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard: "Life can only beunderstood backwards, but it must be lived forwards." While I cannot predict the outcome of either choice with certainty, I must make a decision and commit to it wholeheartedly, for it is through action and experience that we truly grow and shape our destinies.In the end, whether I choose to work or study further, I am confident that the skills and knowledge I've acquired during my university years have equipped me with the foundation to navigate the challenges that lie ahead. With determination, adaptability, and a willingness to learn, I am certain that I can carve out a fulfilling and rewarding path for myself, regardless of the initial direction I take.篇3To Work or Study Further After Graduation - That is the QuestionAs I approach the end of my university days, I find myself at a crossroads, faced with a decision that will shape the trajectory of my life. The choice between diving headfirst into the workforce and securing a job or continuing my academic pursuits by embarking on further studies is one that weighs heavily on mymind. Both paths hold their own set of promises and challenges, and it is a decision that requires careful contemplation.On one hand, the prospect of entering the job market and embarking on a professional career is undeniably alluring. The idea of finally putting into practice the knowledge and skills I have acquired over the years is exhilarating. I envision myself contributing to the workforce, applying my expertise toreal-world problems, and gaining invaluable hands-on experience. The potential for financial independence and the ability to support myself and potentially a family is also a significant draw.However, the job market can be a daunting and competitive arena, especially for fresh graduates like myself. The process of job hunting, crafting compelling resumes and cover letters, and navigating the interview process can be overwhelming. There is also the looming uncertainty of whether I will secure a position that aligns with my aspirations and allows me to capitalize on my strengths and passions.Furthermore, the working world often demands long hours, high-pressure environments, and the need to constantly adapt to ever-changing landscapes. While these challenges can be invigorating, they may also lead to burnout and disillusionmentif not managed properly. The fear of becoming stagnant in a role or trapped in a unfulfilling career path is a genuine concern that cannot be overlooked.On the other hand, the path of further education holds its own set of promises and allures. Continuing my studies would allow me to delve deeper into my areas of interest, expand my knowledge base, and potentially specialize in a niche field. The opportunity to conduct research, contribute to the advancement of knowledge, and work alongside esteemed scholars and mentors is a prospect that ignites my intellectual curiosity.Pursuing a higher degree, whether a master's or a doctorate, could open doors to more diverse and rewarding career opportunities. It could position me as an expert in my field, granting me greater credibility and respect within academic and professional circles. Additionally, the structured learning environment and the guidance of experienced professors could provide a nurturing space for personal and intellectual growth.However, the road to higher education is not without its challenges. The financial burden of tuition fees, living expenses, and the potential loss of income during the study period can be daunting. There is also the risk of investing significant time andresources into a field that may not align with my long-term goals or may have limited job prospects upon completion.Moreover, the academic world can be highly competitive, with limited funding opportunities and a scarcity of coveted positions in prestigious institutions or research programs. The pressure to publish groundbreaking research, secure grants, and navigate the complexities of academia can be overwhelming, potentially leading to burnout or disillusionment.As I weigh these considerations, I find myself leaning towards the path of further education, at least for the time being. While the allure of financial independence and immediate career progression is enticing, I cannot shake the feeling that I have more to learn and explore within my field of study. The opportunity to deepen my understanding, contribute to the advancement of knowledge, and work alongside esteemed scholars is an experience that I believe will enrich me both personally and professionally.However, I recognize that this decision is not set in stone, and I must remain open to reevaluating my goals and aspirations as I progress through my academic journey. Perhaps after completing a master's degree, I may feel more inclined to enterthe workforce, armed with specialized knowledge and a clearer vision of my career aspirations.Alternatively, the pursuit of a doctoral degree may ignite a passion for academia and research, leading me down a path of scholarly endeavors and potentially a career in higher education or research institutions.Regardless of the path I ultimately choose, I am committed to approaching this decision with an open mind, a willingness to adapt, and a determination to continually challenge myself and grow. The journey ahead is certain to be filled with obstacles and uncertainties, but it is through these challenges that I will forge my own path and discover my true potential.In the end, the decision between finding a job or continuing further studies is a deeply personal one, shaped by our individual aspirations, circumstances, and priorities. While the path I have chosen may not resonate with everyone, it is a decision that I have made with careful consideration and a firm belief that it will ultimately lead me closer to realizing my goals and fulfilling my potential.。
新GRE issue作文题目
1.As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans tothink for themselves will surely deteriorate2.To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its majorcities.cational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields ofstudy in which they are unlikely to succeed4.Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker orreformer ever could5.Claim: governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support theyneed in order to thriveReason: it is primarily in cities that a nation`s cultural traditions are preserved and generated 6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until theyenter college7.Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to insure that the artscan flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts8.Claim: in any field-business, politics, education, government-those in power should stepdown after five yearsReason: the surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership 9.In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first beingstrongly influenced by past achievements within that field10.Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness area in their natural state,even if these areas could be developed for economic gain11.People`s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own makingernments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admittedto a university but who cannot afford the tuition13.Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student`sfield of study14.A nation should require all of its student to study the same national curriculum until theyenter collegecation institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study thatwill prepare them for lucrative careers16.Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to publicopinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objects17.Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free18.The well being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authorityernments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on tryingto solve the anticipated problems of the future20.Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents andinterests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that fieldws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places22.Claim: the best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character ofthe men and women that the society choose as its heroes or its role modelsReason: heroes and role models reveal a society`s highest idealsernments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development24.The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative onesernments should offer college and university education free of charge to all student26.The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing intotruly strong and independent individuals27.In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make importantcontributions28.The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers,artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people29.The best way to teach-whether as an educator, employer, or parent-is to praise positiveactions and ignore negative ones30.Teachers` salaries should be based on their students` academic performance31.Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction ofthose species is the result of human activities32.College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in thatfield33.As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but morecomplex and mysterious34.In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points ofviewcational institutions should dissuade student from pursuing field of study in which theyare unlikely to succeedernments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear37.Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for themat an early age to develop their talent38.It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves39.College student should be encouraged to pursue subject that interest them rather than thecourses that seem most likely to lead to jobs40.Claim: when planning courses, educators should take into account the interests andsuggestions of their studentsReason: students motivated to learn when they are interest in what they are studying41.The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by theircontemporaries42.Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively43.The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves44.Claim: it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a heroReason: the reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminishedpetition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education46.Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student`sfield of studycators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it tothemcators should teach facts only after their students have studiesd the ideas, trends, andconcepts that help explain those facts49.Claim: we can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from thosewhose views contradict our ownReason: disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learningernment officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carryout the will of people they serve51.Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seekimmediate fame and recognition52.The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones53.If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable54.In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to takecourses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature55.In order for any work of art-for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song-to have merit, itone question that we come across the answer to another56.Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answerto one question that we come across the answer to another57.The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now aresignificantly different from people who lived in earlier times58.Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by schoolor college alone59.Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefitthe greatest number of people60.Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusiveideals61.People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered itsconsequences62.Leaders are created by the demands that are places on them63.There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts-especially at a great costin money and jobs-to save endangered animal or plant species64.The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools ofhuman minds65.Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resistunjust laws66.People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it67.Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despitethe expense to humans in effort, time and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species68.Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Othersbelieve that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set themfree69.Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withholdinformation from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed 70.Claim: universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside thestudent`s major field of studyReason: acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated71.Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seekimmediate fame and recognitionernments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear73.College and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside theacademic world in professions relevant to courses they teach74.Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today75.In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard anyliving man or woman as a hero76.We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from peoplewhose views contradict our own77.The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of itsyouth78.People`s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings thanby society as a whole79.Claim: the best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposingviewpointReason: only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of idea80.Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of theircitizens are hungry or unemployed81.All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children`s schools82.Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semesterstudying in a foreign country83.Teachers` salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students84.It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero85.Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success beforethe well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people86.Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people theyserve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment87.Claim: any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may wellbe proven false in the futureReason: much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate88.Claim: nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers oftheir citizens are hungry or unemployedReason: it is inappropriate-and, perhaps, even cruel-to use public resourcesto fund the artswhen people`s basic needs are not being met89.Claim: many problems of modern society cannot be solves by laws and the legal systemReason: laws cannot change what is in people`s hearts or mindscators should take students` interests into account when planning the content of thecourses they teach91.The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people`s efficiency sothat they have more leisure timecators should based their assessment of students` learning not on students` grasp of factsbut on the ability to explain the idea, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate93.Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become moreimportant than the reality or truth behind that image94.The effectiveness of a country`s leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of thacountry`s citizen95.All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children`s schools96.A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until theyenter college97.College and universities should require their students to spend at least one semesterstudying in a foreign countrycational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study inwhich jobs are plentiful99.People`s behavior is largely determined by force not of their own making100.Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country101.Although innovations such as video, computers, and the internet seem to offer schools improves methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning102.Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student`s field of study103.The best idea arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things104.To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standard105.Claim: imagination is a more valuable asset than experienceReason: people who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes106.In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge 107.To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards108.Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field109.Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized110.Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field111.In any profession-business, politics, education, government-those in power should step down after five years112.Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major field of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated113.Claim: the surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientistReason: the surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people114.Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish littleernment officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve116.A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college117.It is primarily in cities that a nation`s cultural are generated and preserved118.We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own119.When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings120.Claim: the surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientistsReason: great achievements by a nation`s rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation`s people121.Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Other argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people122.The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models123.The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition 124.All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country125.Some people claim that a nation`s government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain 126.In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge 127.The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people128.Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others129.College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field130.Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the onlyresponsibility of corporation, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much as money as possible131.Claim: researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical applicationReason: it is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty 132.Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another133.Claim: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today Reason: the world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past134.Claim: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today Reason: we are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from bothcational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careerscational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which job are plentifulcational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed138.Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning 139.Claim: major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government expertReason: politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public140.Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student`s field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields141.It is more harmful to compromise one`s own beliefs than to adhere to them142.Claim: colleges and universities should specify all required course and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for studentsReason: college students-like people in general-prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions143.No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field144.True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself145.The general welfare of a nation`s people is a better indication of that nation`s greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists146.The best test of an argument is the argument`s ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint147.The effectiveness of a country`s leaders is best measured by the examining the well-being of that country`s citizens148.Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state 149.In any field-business, politics, education, government-those in power should be required to step down after five years。
学术英语写作智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下天津外国语大学
学术英语写作智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下天津外国语大学天津外国语大学第一章测试1.What steps are involved in writing? （）A:PrewritingB:Revising and editingC:Writing the first draftD:Rewriting答案:Prewriting;Revising and editing;Writing the first draft2.The objectives of the course include （）A:To improve students’ thinking ability via choosing a topic, sourcinginformation, writing different parts of a project paper including introduction, literature review, methods, findings, discussions and conclusionB:To improve students’ writing and reading proficiency in EnglishC:To improve students’ capability of carrying out research by going through the process of writing a project paperD:To improve students’ cultural competence through learning western ways of thinking in English writing答案:To improve students’ thinking ability via choosing a topic,sourcing information, writing different parts of a project paperincluding introduction, literature review, methods, findings,discussions and conclusion;To im prove students’ writing and reading proficiency in English;To improve students’ capability of carrying out research by goingthrough the process of writing a project paper;To improve students’ cultural competence through learning westernways of thinking in English writing3.In freewriting, the writer needs to make everything perfect.（）A:错 B:对答案:错4.The relationship between reading and writing can be described as（）A:When you start learning writing, you will read differently.B:Reading is the input, while writing is the output of language.C:When you start learning writing, you will improve the awareness ofaccumulating language, information and idea for various topics, which will consequently change the way you read.D:Reading and writing are reciprocal activities; the outcome of a readingactivity can serve as input for writing, and writing can lead a student tofurther reading resources.答案:When you start learning writing, you will read differently.;Reading is the input, while writing is the output of language.;When you start learning writing, you will improve the awareness ofaccumulating language, information and idea for various topics, which will consequently change the way you read.;Reading and writing are reciprocal activities; the outcome of a reading activity can serve as input for writing, and writing can lead a student to further reading resources.5.The functions of writing include （）A:The discipline of writing will strengthen your skills as a reader and listener B:Writing will make you a strong thinker and writing allows you to organize your thoughts in clear and logical waysC:Writing encourages you to seek worthwhile questionsD:Writing helps you refine and enrich your ideas based on feedback fromreaders答案:The discipline of writing will strengthen your skills as a readerand listener;Writing will make you a strong thinker and writing allows you toorganize your thoughts in clear and logical ways;Writing encourages you to seek worthwhile questions;Writing helps you refine and enrich your ideas based on feedback fromreaders第二章测试1. A thesis statement should be one single sentence, including only one idea. ( ）A:对 B:错答案:对2.An essay should include at least three specific details to be well-developed. ( ）A:对 B:错答案:错3.The topic sentence for each body paragraph should be fairly specific becauseeach body paragraph deals with only one of the many things stated in thethesis statement. ( ）A:错 B:对答案:对4.Living with my ex-roommate was unbearable. First, she thought everythingshe owned was the best. Secondly, she possessed numerators filthy habits.Finally, she constantly exhibited immature behavior.Read this paragraph and decide which statement is NOT TRUE? （）。
学术英语(社科)Unit2二单元原文及翻译
UNIT 2 Economist1.Every field of study has its own language and its own way of thinking. Mathematicians talk about axioms, integrals, and vector spaces. Psychologists talk about ego, id, and cognitive dissonance. Lawyers talk about venue, torts, and promissory estoppel.每个研究领域都有它自己的语言和思考方式。
数学家谈论定理、积分以及向量空间。
心理学家谈论自我、本能、以及认知的不一致性。
律师谈论犯罪地点、侵权行为以及约定的禁止翻供。
2.Economics is no different. Supply, demand, elasticity, comparative advantage, consumer surplus, deadweight loss—these terms are part of the economist’s language. In the coming chapters, you will encounter many new terms and some familiar words that economists use in specialized ways. At first, this new language may seem needlessly arcane. But, as you will see, its value lies in its ability to provide you a new and useful way of thinking about the world in which you live.经济学家也一样。
咨询的英语和句子
咨询的英语和句子1. “咨询”的英语是“consult”或者“inquire”。
就像你想去旅游，对一个当地很有经验的人说，“I want to consult you about the best places to visit here.”（我想向你咨询这里最好玩的地方。
）2. “咨询”还可以说“ask for advice”呢。
嘿，你看啊，假如你在工作上遇到难题，就像在迷宫里找不到出口一样，你就会对你的前辈说，“I need to ask for advice from you. I'm real ly lost in this project.”（我需要向你咨询建议，我在这个项目里真的很迷茫。
）3. “enquiry”这个词也表示“咨询”哦。
想象你要买车，走进4S 店，你可能会说，“I have an enquiry about the latest car models.”（我想咨询下最新的汽车型号。
）4. “Seek information”也有“咨询”的意思哟。
好比你要做一道超级复杂的菜，你可能就会对你的厨师朋友说，“I need to seek information from you. How do you make that amazing dish?”（我需要向你咨询，你是怎么做那道超棒的菜的？）5. “咨询”在英语里还有“refer to”这个表达。
打个比方，你在写论文，遇到不懂的专业知识，你会对你的教授说，“I have to refer to you. I'm confused about this academic concept.”（我得向您咨询，我对这个学术概念很困惑。
）6. “query”这个单词可别忘了，它也是“咨询”的意思。
比如说，你在网购的时候，对商品有疑问，你就会对客服说，“I have a query about this product. Is it genuine?”（我对这个产品有个咨询，它是正品吗？）7. “咨询”有时候可以用“probe into”来表示。
6种Instructions的区别2
gre考试写作部分是我们国人的一个薄弱环节，改革后的新gre考试题目要求更加具体，考察考生完成题目过程中是否融合批判性思维，以下是小编为大家搜索综合整理有关新gre作文题库，issue的提问规律，希望能给大家在新gre作文题库写作方面带来帮助。
摘要：通过对改革后的立论文分析不难发现，在这149道题目中一共有六种提问方式。
让我们归纳总结一下他们的规律。
注：由于关于claim的问题方式有两次，笔者统一归纳总结成为一种方式，故图中展示的只有五种。
仔细关注下statement, recommendation, claim这三个单词，他们在某些方面具有程度递进的关系。
1. Statement: the expression in spoken or written words of something such as a fact, intention, or policy, or an instance of this.意为陈述某一事实，意图，政策。
重点在于陈述。
2. Recommendation: a suggestion as to what is a good or sensible thing to do or use in the circumstances意为合理的建议(比陈述事实更近了一步)3. Claim: maintain something is true: to say, without proof or evidence, that something is true 意为声明，即便在没有证据的情况下仍然坚持声称某事为真实的从以上的分析中不难看出这三种问法在操作形式上具有程度类比，其中第三种的程度语气更强。
让我们仔细分析一下例子1. Statement (以下是事实陈述的例子)i. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.ii. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.iii. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.iv. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.v. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.vi. In order for any work of art-for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song-to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.获得更多gre考试咨询点击进入>>>>天道免费咨询顾问或联系QQ客服：8000045002. Recommendation(以下是建议的例子)i. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.ii. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.iii. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.iv. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.v. Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.vi. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.3. Claim(以下是因果声明类的例子)i. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.ii. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.iii. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.;;;Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.iv. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.;;;Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.v. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.;;;Reason: College students-like people ingeneral-prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.vi. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.除了个别试题中在提问用词中有混淆以外，绝大部分的提问符合此规律。
2022年GRE考试写作专题解析及作文提纲(4)新
2022年GRE考试写作专题解析及作文提纲(4)新东方金牌直冲高分！2022年GRE考试全程课程火热开售中>> GRE写作题库之GRE作文题目：87"In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."GRE写作精讲之提纲解析：87 beginner会有一些发觉优势，但专家的发觉更有价值1、承认beginner因curiosity 和courage，简单比保守专家发觉问题,innovate, critical thinkingWatson and Crick, the discoverers of DNA structure, are the beginners in biology.Einstein published four most famous papers in his twenties. And once he said,” when I first touch thetheory of classic mechanic, I feel that there are some problems in it." It is his ability of critical thinkingand not to agree the authority blindly, that finally results that he put forward to the famous theory ofrelativity and lead the people to explore the world of microcosmic and high-speed.2、beginner要有更多积累，系统学习The institute of mathematics in Chinese Academy of Science receives hundreds of letters fromamateurs every year, each of them claims that he has proved Goldbach's conjecture. But themathematicians find that most of these demonstrations lack the elementary knowledge of the numbertheory, and none of so-called demonstrations can be verified.Newton once said :"If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.", and these"shoulders of giants" are knowledge, methods, experience that had been passed down from ourantecessor, and these are the foundations of making a discovery.3、专家ready to make significant discoveriesDarwin, for instance, devoted himself in biology since he was a child, and after long timeinvestigation and researching, he found that all species were evolved by natural selection from simpleand preliminary conditions, and wrote his famous book "The Origin of Species".Another, Einstein, who found the special and general relativity, the theory that revolutionizedmodern thought on the nature of space and time, based on decades of working in physics. Even in artworld, the discoveries are still made upon long time studying. A case in point is Monet, a famouspainter known as the founder of impressionism, spent most of hislife examining the effect of changinglight and atmosphere on a subject.ISSUE87在讨论领域中，新手比老手更简单获得发觉、成就1 讨论领域中，创新和开放的思维是特别重要的品质。
商务英语信函国内外研究现状
商务英语信函国内外研究现状**Abstract**This article delves into the current research status of business English correspondence both domestically and internationally. It highlights the varying approaches, methodologies, and cultural nuances that influence the language and tone employed in such correspondences. By comparing and contrasting these differences, the article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolving nature of business English correspondence and its importance in global communication.**I. Introduction**In the era of globalization, business English correspondence has emerged as a crucial aspect of cross-cultural communication. It serves as a bridge between organizations, facilitating the exchange of ideas, information, and agreements. Given its significance, the study of business English correspondence has attracted widespread attention from scholars and practitioners alike. This article explores the current research trends andperspectives in this field, focusing on both domestic and international perspectives.**II. Domestic Research Status**In China, the study of business English correspondence has been gaining momentum in recent years. Researchers have focused on analyzing the linguistic features, cultural implications, and practical applications of such correspondences. The emphasis is placed on the appropriateness, politeness, and clarity of language used, reflecting the importance of maintaining professionalism and etiquette in business communications.Moreover, there has been a growing interest in exploring the role of technology in shaping the format and content of business English correspondences. The advent of electronic communication tools like email and instant messaging has transformed the way businesses communicate, necessitating the adaptation of language and style to suit these new mediums.**III. International Research Status**Internationally, the study of business English correspondence is more diversified and interdisciplinary. Researchers draw from a wide range of fields, including linguistics, business communication, and cultural studies, to examine the nuances of business correspondences across different cultures and contexts.A key focus of international research is on the influence of cultural factors on the language and tone of business correspondences. Different cultures have distinct communication norms and expectations, which affect the way businesses communicate with each other. For instance, some cultures may prefer a more direct and concise style, while others may value a more indirect and polite approach. Understanding these cultural differences is crucial for effective cross-cultural business communication.**IV. Comparative Analysis**Comparing the domestic and international research statuses, it becomes evident that there are bothsimilarities and differences. Both approaches emphasize the importance of linguistic accuracy, clarity, and appropriateness in business English correspondences.However, the international perspective tends to be more diverse and interdisciplinary, drawing from a wider range of theoretical frameworks and methodologies.Moreover, the international research community places a stronger emphasis on the cultural dimensions of business communication. This reflects the increasing globalization of business and the need for organizations to adapt their communication strategies to suit different cultural contexts.**V. Challenges and Future Directions**Despite the progress made in the study of business English correspondence, several challenges remain. One major challenge is the rapidly evolving nature of business communication, which necessitates constant updating and refinement of research findings. Additionally, the increasing use of technology in business communication poses new challenges in terms of language adaptation and style.Future research in this field should focus on addressing these challenges and exploring new areas of inquiry. For instance, there is a need for more in-depthstudies on the impact of technology on business English correspondences, particularly in terms of language use and communication effectiveness. Moreover, there is scope for exploring the intersection of business English with other fields, such as marketing, human resources, and international relations, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of its role in modern business practices.**VI. Conclusion**In conclusion, the study of business English correspondence has undergone significant advancements both domestically and internationally. However, given the dynamic nature of business communication and the evolving technological landscape, there is a need for continued research and exploration in this field. By bridging the gap between cultural differences and understanding the nuances of business English correspondences, researchers can contribute to the development of more effective andefficient cross-cultural business communication strategies. **商务英语信函国内外研究现状****摘要**本文深入探讨了商务英语信函在国内外的研究现状，着重强调了不同方法、理论框架以及文化细微差别对信函语言和语气的影响。
考研英语翻译历年真题试卷汇编27_真题-无答案
考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编27(总分60,考试时间90分钟)2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.美国的知识分子——2006年英译汉及详解Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual?【F1】I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems.He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.【F2】His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist, for one.【F3】I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.【F4】But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.【F5】They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts," as Emerson would say, is something else.1. 【F1】2. 【F2】3. 【F3】4. 【F4】5. 【F5】萨皮尔一沃尔夫假说的形成——2004年英译汉及详解The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.【F1】The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.【F2】We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from "exotic" language, were not always so grateful.【F3】The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.Na-tive American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir's pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages.【F4】Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.【F5】Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a ter, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.6. 【F1】7. 【F2】8. 【F3】9. 【F4】10. 【F5】人类学研究——2003年英译汉及详解Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.【F1】Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth."Anthropology" derives from the Greek words anthropos "human" and logos "the study of". By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.【F2】Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social scienceshas a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of **parative method in analysis.【F3】The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.【F4】Tylor defined culture as "... **plex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society".This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.【F5】Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture", like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.11. 【F1】12. 【F2】13. 【F3】14. 【F4】15. 【F5】历史研究的方法论——1999年英译汉及详解【F1】While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian's craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.【F2】Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.【F3】During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.【F4】There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tunnel method", frequently fall victim to the"technicist fallacy". **mon in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.【F5】It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.16. 【F1】17. 【F2】18. 【F3】19. 【F4】20. 【F5】。
Unit 5 Languages Around the World(学生版) 25年高考英语一轮复习
单元提升卷06Unit5Languages Around the World单元基础知识巩固I.拓展词汇变形1.n．体系；制度；系统→adj.系统的→adv.系统地2.vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于→n.参考3.vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→adj.基本的；基础的4.n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→vi.不同；变化→adj.不同的；各种各样的5.vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→n.欣赏；感激；领会；重视6.n.尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待→prep.关于7.adj.全球的；全世界的→adv.全球地；全世界地8.adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→adv.特定地；明确地；具体地9.adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→n.多数；大多数10.vt.联系；讲述→adj.相关的；有联系的→n.关系；联系11.n.符号；象征→adj.象征的；象征性的→vt.象征；是……的象征12.n.文明；文明世界→adj.文明的13.n.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→adv.相同地；同样地→n.平等14.n.要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问→adj.要求高的；苛求的15.n.描写(文字)；形容→vt.描述；描写16.vt.联系；讲述→adj.相关的；有联系的→n.关系；联系II.核心短语互译1.对……的态度2.指的是；描述；提到；查阅3.注意4.追溯到5.浮沉；兴衰；荣辱6.因……著名7.被看作8.至关重要9.在……中起重要作用10.导致11.观点；看法12.适应；习惯于13.与……相关；涉及；谈到14.放弃15.做某事有困难16.取决于；依靠；依赖17.match...with..18.official language19.be connected with20.at the beginning21.develop into 22.global affairs23.no matter where,who,what,etc.24.be considered to be25.be related to一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1．Divide the cake into quarters and share it(equal).2．When we’re on holiday in Canada,we live like the(native).3．The banana is native Taiwan.4．Looking after babies is a(demand)job.5．The workers demanded(tell)what had happened to the factory.6．No one will appreciate(treat)like a second-class citizen.7．He begged(tell)the truth,but his mother refused to tell him.8．The conflict had developed into a stage the two countries were gathering big troops on the border.9．The couple just gets registered at the government office.Marriage(regard)as a cardinal issue since ancient times.10．You can refer this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.11．The(major)of them demand that food and water should be supplied in time.12．Our school will organize some campus activities,like“English Evening”,a platform students can show their English.13．“Sponges become bigger and bigger over time;another fossil piece(date)back to around300 million years ago was also recently discovered in Ireland,for example.14．A(beg)is someone who lives by asking people for money or food.15．What he stressed was related teenagers’education.16．The position calls for(relate)experience in the field and good skills at using computers. 17．The article gives a detailed(describe)of the beauty of Mount Tianshan.18．Trends toward the(global)of industry have dramatically affected food production in California. 19．At that time,people(carve)some symbols on animal bones and shells.20．Every means(have)been used to calm the woman down.21．On the(base)of your basic knowledge about the history of the Tang Dynasty,I think it easier for you to understand Tang poems.22．It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for(vary)reasons.23．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings.24．No matter we are,we are able to keep in contact with loved ones with all sorts of communication software.25．The of the students look forward to in English because English can find a job easily.(major)26．I am sorry to hear that you have trouble(improve)your English at the new school. 27．the fact that she was wearing a seat belt,she was thrown sharply forward.28．In(refer)to the topic we debated yesterday,it is no good saying more.29．He opens a door which our imagination enters a new world,a world of love,beauty and heroism.30．Bones symbols were carved,known as“oracle bones”,have contributed a lot to our understanding of China’s past.二、单词拼写31．She promised to help me move into my new(公寓套房)on the weekend.32．Would you like to take the(地铁)to get there?33．It was last(学期)that I began to appreciate classic works.34．I have given a specific(描述)of the symbols carved on the bone.35．What you said was completely untrue,and I(要求)an immediate apology.36．For this reason,learning French isn’t a(费力的事)for me at all.37．The activity not only strengthened their friendship but also built up their(性格).38．(尽管)the heavy rain,they went on working hard.39．I tried every(方法)to get children interested in my class.40．She made a(n)(提及)to her previous experience in the industry during the interview.41．This(全球的)site is a place for runners to share their stories about running.42．I would(感激)it if you could pay in cash.43．China is a country with a long(文明)of5000years.44．This cultural programme is aimed to encourage teenagers to read more(经典作品).45．Not only did the race improve our physical and psychological quality,but it also helped us build a positive (态度)towards life.三、阅读理解“Learning about one’s own culture,as well as the culture of others,is important,”says Sanam Akhlagh, who set up Pardis for Children.Located in New York City,the nonprofit brings Iranian-American families together and offers after-school programs for children to learn about their heritage.Classes explore Iranian music, art,and history,among other topics.Akhlagh has always been interested in education,kids,and culture,But she felt a void(空虚)before setting up Pardis in2011.She hadn’t been able to get together with friends who share her Iranian heritage periodically. She also thought her children needed that community.“I want kids to know their culture and language,”Akhlagh said,“So if they’re Iranian,they actually know what that means.”But she also wants them to create a bond.“I want them to build a community that they’ll hopefully keep, and stay fiends together for years to come,”she said,“want them to have a beautiful,positive memory(回忆) related to Iranian culture and the Persian language.”Learning about your own culture and language,and understanding other cultures from around the world, Akhlagh explained,makes you a richer and more tolerant(宽容的)person.It also makes you appreciate other people’s way of life.“The exchange of cultures is of great importance,”Akhlagh said.“It is much harder to call people of certain countries or cultures your enemy when you actually know them.When you eat their food,or when you dance to their music together,when you read their literature,it becomes more real,and you start appreciating everyone.”When asked her advice for young people,Akhlagh encouraged exploration and discovery.“If you have the opportunity,always be curious to make friends,”she said.“Get to know people from different cultures and be curious.Always try to know more and travel.”46．What is the purpose of Pardis for Children?A．To enrich children’s social life.B．To improve children’s artistic abilities.C．To educate children on Iranian culture.D．To develop children’s love for their country.47．What does the underlined word“bond”mean in paragraph4?A．Custom.B．Program.C．Relationship.D．Schedule.48．What does Akhlagh think of the exchange of cultures?A．It is a way of life.B．It can promote peace.C．It is a chance to grow D．It increases your wealth.49．What is Akhlagh’s advice for young people?A．Caring more about their friends.B．Being open to different cultures.C．Taking every opportunity to study.D．Feeling confident about making friends.The prodigious ability of our species to rapidly assimilate vocabulary,expanding from a mere300lexemes by the tender age of two to an impressive repertoire exceeding1,000by the age of four,remains a subject of profound enigma.Certain scholars in the realms of cognitive science and linguistics have posited that the human mind enters the world equipped with innate cognitive predispositions and logical parameters that facilitate this linguistic feat.However,recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data,eschewing the need for preconceived,hardwired assumptions.An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities,utilizing a mere61hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data—previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013and2014.Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle,it transpires that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables.These revelations intimate that the process of linguistic acquisition may be more straightforward than hitherto presumed.It is conceivable that the juvenile mind does not necessitate a tailor-made,sophisticated linguistic apparatus to adeptly apprehend the essence of words,posits Jessica Sullivan,an adjunct professor of psychology at Skidmore College.“This is an exceptionally elegant inquiry,”she articulates,as it presents corroborative evidence that rudimentary data extracted from a child’s perspective is sufficiently abundant to initiate the processes of pattern recognition and lexical assimilation.The recent scholarly endeavor also illustrates the plausibility of machines emulating the learning modalities inherent to human cognition.Vast linguistic models are typically nurtured on colossal datasets encompassing billions,if not trillions,of lexical permutations.In stark contrast,human beings manage with a significantly reduced informational intake,as articulated by the principal scribe of the study,Wai Keen Vong.With the appropriate genre of data,the chasm separating machine and human learning could be substantially bridged.Nevertheless,further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research.The savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass vocabulary.Additionally,the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible entities.Despite these limitations,this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own cognitive faculties,which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices, according to Eva Portelance,a scholar in computational linguistics.She remarks that AI research has the potential to shed light on enigmatic queries about our essence that have persisted over time.“We can harness these paradigms in a salutary manner,to the advantage of scientific discovery and societal progress,”Portelance further elaborates.50．What is a significant finding of machine-learning research?A．Vocabulary increases gradually with age.B．Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data.C．Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations.D．Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed.51．What does the underlined word“prompt”in paragraph2mean?A．Facilitate.B．Persuade.C．Advise.D．Expect.52．What is discussed about the new research in paragraph5?A．Its limitations.B．Its strengths.C．Its uniqueness.D．Its process.53．What is Eva Portelance’s attitude to the AI research?A．Doubtful.B．Cautious.C．Dismissive.D．Positive.四、完形填空Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day,not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading,but plain and simple54.Language is our greatest treasure as a species,and what do we55do with it?We gossip.About others’behaviour and private lives,such as who’s doing what with whom,who’s in and who’s out and why;how to deal with difficult56situations involving children,lovers,and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping?Are we just natural wasters of both time and words?Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life?It’s not57 according to Professor Robin Dunbar.In fact,in his latest book,Grooming,Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really58issues.Dunbar59the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage ofsocial development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively,or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural.Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk,argues Dunbar—60,he goes on to say,language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the61of the higher primates(灵长类动物)like monkeys.By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it,monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or62from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family,Dunbar63that at one time in our history we did much the same.Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group,the greater the64it provided;on the other hand,the bigger the group,the greater the stresses of living close to others.Grooming helped to65the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger,the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 66to maintain its effectiveness.Clearly,a more67kind of grooming was needed,and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有声的)grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one68contact.54．A．mission B．radiation C．comparison D．gossip 55．A．occasionally B．merely C．habitually D．originally56．A．social B．political C．historical D．leisurely57．A．the case B．the question C．the issue D．the key58．A．financial B．sensitive C．royal D．vital59．A．confirms B．outlines C．dismisses D．broadens60．A．for instance B．on the contrary C．in addition D．as a result 61．A．motivation B．motive C．emotion D．behaviour 62．A．inspection B．harmony C．attack D．assistance 63．A．convinces B．comprises C．confesses D．concludes 64．A．prospect B．protection C．maintenance D．luxury65．A．discipline B．bother C．maintain D．ease66．A．cast B．consumed C．extended D．floated67．A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful68．A．invisible B．daily C．constant D．physical阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
《课程基础、原理和问题》（Cou...
《课程基础、原理和问题》（Course foundations, principles andproblems）Description of goodscontent validityThe course of "basic principle", and problems for teaching activities to participate in the field of curriculum and provides a full range of the field of inquiry, both on the course of understanding foundation, curriculum, curriculum design and curriculum implementation and curriculum evaluation concerning principle and degree. As in the first and second editions, it gives a full account of the philosophical, historical, psychological and social foundations of the curriculum. At the same time, it gathers these areas on the latest research and provides new content and information, such as the concept reconstruction principle, learning and development of psychology and personality, the typical American charter schools and school privatization, and the "target" in 2000. The book puts the curriculum in a dynamic social setting, placing it in the existing and emerging social context and balancing the issues facing the curriculum.Throughout the book the reader between modern thinking and modern thinking feel the tension, and how they are affecting the harmony of deliberation, the preparation and implementation of the. The content of the social foundation of the curriculum constructs the idea that the curriculum can not be separated from its social background. This part also deals with the diversity of American society and its implications forschool curriculum.By revising and absorbing the latest curriculum thinking, the course foundation, principles and problems lead readers to participate in the discussion of the technical model and non-technical model of curriculum preparation. Study on these modes the author Ornstein and Hankins, not to let people accept a narrow view of curriculum thinking, but to enable readers to understand the ideas behind these patterns, and learn how to apply these models in a changing environment and in the formation of curriculum.New contents of the course Fundamentals, principles and problems:Absorb the new areas of information on the psychological foundations of curriculum: emotion, intelligence, and constructivism.It provides the latest information about quantitative evaluation and qualitative evaluation, and pays special attention to the alternative evaluation.Relevant technology is provided; more and more data are used in education.Some educational problems are discussed, such as school reform, moral education and the politicization of curriculum.Additional information on multicultural education and Chinese language education has been added.Editorial recommendationThe course foundation, principles and problems are published by Jiangsu Education Publishing house.Brief introduction of the authorAuthor: Alan (United States)? C. (US) Ornstein Francis? P. Haskins translator: Kocen commentary: Zhong QiquanCatalogTotal orderPrefaceThe second chapter is the field of curriculumCourse processing methodCurriculum definitionCurriculum foundationThe domain of knowledge in the curriculumtheory and practiceRole of curriculum workerSummaryThe first part is the basis of the curriculumThe second chapter is the philosophical foundation of curriculumPhilosophy and CurriculumMajor philosophyeducational philosophySummaryThe third chapter is the historical foundation of the curriculumColonial period: 1642-1850The founding of the people's Republic of China: 1776-1850European educators in the nineteenth CenturyThe rise of universal education: 1820-1920Transition period: 1893-1918The birth of a curriculum as a research field: 1918-1949Current concernsSummaryThe fourth chapter is the psychological foundation of curriculumThe fifth chapter is the social foundation of curriculumThe sixth chapter is curriculum theoryThe second part is the principle of curriculumThe seventh chapter is curriculum preparationThe eighth chapter is curriculum designThe ninth chapter is the goal, the goal and the concrete goalThe tenth chapter, curriculum implementationThe eleventh chapter is curriculum evaluationThe third part is about the curriculumThe twelfth chapter is about the problems and trends of the curriculumThe thirteenth chapter is the future direction of the curriculumGlossaryReferenceTranslation postscriptPrefaceAs a college teacher, many of us often outdated education science textbooks and pedagogy as people with deep hatred and resentment; and many of us are often in economics and sociology by leaps and bounds since the construction of textbooks and the envy of.So, we feel restless, we are eager for a fight, we are determined to go beyond, we came together.After several years of efforts, covering a large overseas textbook "professional all courses of Contemporary Higher Education Science Education Science Textbook Series" to the readers.For many years. The curriculum reform of higher normal education and higher education specialty in our country is very slow. The three courses of pedagogy, psychology, teaching materials and teaching methods of normal education remain unchanged for many years. The curriculum of pedagogy is obsolete and the choice of courses is rather narrow. It can be said that the situation to change the course of higher normal education and higher education courses, is "the most basic purpose for the series".On the other hand, with the deepening of the reform of education, the problems arising from educational practice are becoming increasingly complex. Addressing these issues requires a wealth of education, scientific knowledge and capacity. "On" the other purpose is the pursuit of the dedication of the world's most advanced scientific knowledge system of education, promote the deepening reform of China's education.In the past few years, the curriculum reform in Colleges and universities has achieved remarkable results. An important way to deepen the curriculum reform is to introduce the teaching materials of higher learning in foreign countries, especially in developed countries, so as to improve the quality of education and enhance the students' learning ability. "The direction" on purpose and ideas and Chinese teaching material reform in universities is consistent, and is part of the process of the reform of teaching materials in Colleges and universities.To promote academic exchanges, is "another purpose:" longing for. The obstacle of academic communication is the communicative language, and the deep cause is academic language and academic norm.PostscriptIn the current curriculum textbook, written by Hankins and Ornstein "Curriculum: foundation, principle and problems" (Third Edition) of a book, because of its complete system, structured, informative, comprehensive summary of the main achievements of modern and contemporary curriculum theoryresearch, and to explore the curriculum reform and the development of the United states the history, actuality, trend and problems, and become the United States and an international influence on curriculum theory works. The book is not only encyclopedic, but also academic and distinctive. It also reflects the transformation and development of contemporary curriculum discourse. Therefore, the translation of such a book requires not only a wide range of background knowledge and special theoretical knowledge of the course, but also the need for understanding and expression of the course discourse.In order to better complete the translation of the book, I specially invited some related curriculum research scholars in universities, doctoral and master students together to participate in this work. They are mainly from the Institute of curriculum and instruction of East China Normal University and the Institute of international and comparative education at South China Normal University. Each chapter in the book of the translators respectively: preface, the first chapter, the sixth chapter, the ninth chapter: the second chapter: Liu Ke Sen; Tian, Curson; the third chapter: Wu Jianli, Zhou Jiaxian; the fourth chapter: Liu Qianhua, an Guiqing; the fifth chapter: Zhong Yi, Shen LAN, Ke Sen; the seventh chapter: Zhang Minjie Ke Sen; the eighth chapter: Xu Huaqiong, Ke Sen; the tenth chapter: Sun Jie, Ke Sen; the eleventh chapter: Sun Jie, An Guiqing, Chen Xia; the twelfth chapter: Xu Huaqiong, Ke Sen, Wang Kai; the thirteenth chapter: Zhang Minjie, An Guiqing. Curson has compiled and arranged the whole book, and has translated the main noun concepts and terminology. This book has been translation experts, famous courses in Chinese teaching theory and my mentor professor Zhong Qiquan's guidance,provide various help Mr. Zhao Ming, director of the Jiangsu Education Publishing House and room book Mr. Li Shuping as the commissioning editor translation and proofreading the book. Here, I'd like to express my special thanks to the three gentlemen for their support and help.As the main translator, despite the efforts to organize and coordinate the translation and proofreading of this book, I still feel that I am unable to do something in terms of ability and condition. Readers should be criticized for inappropriate or careless omissions in this book.abstractThe main foundations of the curriculum are philosophy, history, psychology, and SociologyThe basis of the course defines the external boundaries of curriculum knowledge and defines what constitutes an effective source of information,And then put forward the theory, principles and ideas about the subject areas that have been accepted by the people.People usually think that the course includes the following areas: basic knowledge of philosophy, history, psychology and Sociology (sometimes, cultural, political or economic is also included in the social basis, or by people from the social basis of separated). Although curriculum experts generally agree on these basic areas, few have attempted to analyze or discuss them in depth.Of course, it is not enough to examine only basic areas. Curriculum scholars need to reveal the relationship between basic fields and curriculum. They must analyze and integrate what is known about each base and point out its connection to the curriculum. It is in this connection, Herbert kliebard? (Herbert Kliebard) claimed that the curriculum is a comprehensive field. Curriculum experts draw ideas from other fields to influence the curriculum. Therefore, curriculum experts are always investigating and applying the concepts, methods and research tools used by philosophers, historians, psychologists, sociologists, economists and political scientists.Regardless of their methods, regardless of their philosophical, historical, social or psychological perspectives, curriculum experts always naturally take the basic areas of the curriculum as a means of research and implementation courses. This book (in the fourth chapter) examines the 4 basic areas of the curriculum, with the aim of pointing out important sources of information from other fields related to the course. The important thing is that the reader should analyze and interpret the knowledge in the basic field in order to identify and clarify the external boundaries of the curriculum. The domain of knowledge in the curriculumThe course is representative of the field of curriculum based external boundaries, but the curriculum knowledge is to define the boundaries of the field, or a recognized knowledge, it can investigate the published textbooks, articles and research papers and inferred. Although curriculum experts generallyagree on the basis of the course, they often disagree on what constitutes the domain of knowledge or common knowledge of the curriculum. The latter question shows that the curriculum domain is neither a subject of discipline nor a real profession based on some limited knowledge. Many efforts have been made to construct models or maps of curriculum knowledge so as to form or establish boundaries within the field. The problem, to some reviewers, is that knowledge comes from a number of sources, many of which are not considered sources of curriculum. In addition, many known materials are not read because there is so much literature to be read.The experts' views themselves illustrate the lack of consensus on issues in the field of curriculum knowledge. For example, George? The champ Bo curriculum knowledge is divided into categories of planning, implementation and evaluation. 5. Fenwick English (Fenwick English) sees lessons from ideological (or philosophical, scientific), technical (or design) and operational (or managerial) problems.。
做梦的英语作文范文
做梦的英语作文范文Dreams are an integral part of the human experience, a window into the subconscious mind that offers a glimpse into our deepest desires, fears, and emotions. They have captivated the imagination of philosophers, scientists, and artists alike for centuries, and their study has revealed fascinating insights into the workings of the human brain.At its core, dreaming is a complex neurological phenomenon that occurs during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. During this time, the brain becomes highly active, with neural pathways firing in intricate patterns that give rise to the vivid and often bizarre experiences we call dreams. The exact mechanisms behind dream generation are still not fully understood, but researchers have made significant strides in unraveling the mysteries of this enigmatic process.One of the most intriguing aspects of dreams is their ability to transport us to alternate realities, where the impossible becomes possible and the boundaries of our waking lives are transcended. Inthe dream world, we can fly, communicate with animals, or explore fantastical landscapes that defy the laws of physics. This sense of boundless imagination and freedom is part of what makes dreams so captivating and alluring.Yet, dreams are not merely a form of escapism; they can also serve as a powerful tool for self-discovery and personal growth. By analyzing the symbols, themes, and emotions present in our dreams, we can gain valuable insights into our subconscious desires, fears, and unresolved conflicts. This process, known as dream analysis or interpretation, has been a central focus of fields like psychoanalysis and Jungian psychology.Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, believed that dreams were a window into the unconscious mind, a means by which the repressed desires and impulses of the individual could be expressed in a socially acceptable manner. He argued that the content of dreams was often a symbolic representation of these underlying psychological forces, and that the process of dream interpretation could reveal important insights about the individual's psyche.Carl Jung, another influential figure in the field of dream analysis, took a slightly different approach. He believed that dreams were not merely a reflection of the individual's personal unconscious but also a manifestation of the collective unconscious, a shared repository ofarchetypes and symbols that transcend individual experience. According to Jung, the analysis of dreams could reveal important insights into the universal human experience, shedding light on the common themes and patterns that underlie the human condition.In recent years, the study of dreams has also taken on a more scientific dimension, with researchers utilizing advanced neuroimaging techniques to better understand the neural mechanisms that underlie the dreaming process. These studies have revealed that dreaming is not a passive or random occurrence but rather a highly complex and coordinated activity that involves the activation of specific brain regions associated with memory, emotion, and sensory processing.For example, researchers have found that the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions like decision-making and problem-solving, tends to be less active during REM sleep, allowing for the more free-flowing and imaginative nature of dreams. Conversely, the amygdala, a brain region associated with emotional processing, becomes highly active during REM sleep, contributing to the often intense and emotionally charged nature of dream experiences.Moreover, studies have suggested that dreams may play a crucial role in the consolidation of memory and the processing of emotionalexperiences. During REM sleep, the brain is believed to engage in a process of "offline" learning, where memories and emotional associations are strengthened and integrated into the individual's existing knowledge base. This process may help to explain why dreams often feel so vivid and impactful, as they may be reflecting the brain's efforts to make sense of and process the events and experiences of our waking lives.Despite the wealth of research and the growing scientific understanding of the dreaming process, the ultimate purpose and significance of dreams remain a subject of ongoing debate and speculation. Some believe that dreams serve a purely functional role, acting as a mechanism for the brain to process and consolidate information, while others see them as a means of tapping into a deeper, more mystical realm of human experience.Regardless of one's philosophical or scientific leanings, the power and allure of dreams remain undeniable. They offer a unique window into the human psyche, a realm where the boundaries of the known and the unknown converge, and where the extraordinary and the mundane coexist in a delicate dance. Whether we seek to understand the underlying mechanisms of dreaming or simply to revel in the wonder and mystery of these nocturnal visions, the study of dreams remains a captivating and endlessly fascinating field of inquiry.。
国家开放大学《商务英语3》形考任务8参考答案
国家开放大学《商务英语3》形考任务（单元测试8）参考答案一、选择填空，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
（每题10分）1、—What does CIF refer to?—A. It refers to cost, investment and freightB. It refers to cost, insurance and flightC. It refers to cost, insurance and freight2、—We would like to place an order for some of your C&Z desk units.—__________________A. Thank you very much. We keep a large supply in stock.B. Certainly, delivery dates depend on your location.C. We recommend payment by letter of credit.3、Our terms of payment are normally 30-day bill of exchange, documents_______ payment.A. againstB. forC. in4、A letter of ________ is a document issued by a financial institution.A. creditB. complaintC. inquiry5、After having seen the _________ and samples, Jenny makes the specific inquiry.A. categoryB. catalogC. calculation6、——It includes merchandise, packaging and shipping, duty if required, any taxes and insurance.A. Could I get an estimate before placing an order?B. What does the estimate include?C. How many would you like to order？7、—What about the commission?—A. It’s a general practice everywhere else.B. Of course, I’d give you our lowest quotation.C. I’m afraid you have to tell me, first, how large your order is going to be.8、International trade is the _________ of goods and services between countries.A. changeB. exchangeC. expression9、All the prices on the list are subject ________ to our final confirmation.A. toB. atC. on10、Importing and exporting is transferring goods from one country to another while _______ attention to the laws and requirements of bringing goods out or into that country.A. to payB. payingC. being paid11、—What is it in particular you're interested in?—.A. Your kitchenware, I suppose.B. We have placed the order.C. The kitchenware will be exported to the UK.12、We are a large chain of retailers and are looking for a manufacturer ______ could supply us with a large quantity of smart phones for the teenager market.A. whoseB. whichC. who13、The payment is made by an irrevocable _______ letter of credit in our favor.A. lightB. brightC. sight14、Of course, I’d give you our lowest ________.A. quotaB. quantityC. quotation15、International trade gives consumers and countries the opportunity to ________ goods and services not available in their own countries.A. expose toB. be exposing toC. be exposed to二、阅读理解（每题10分）阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容判断文章后的句子是正确（T）还是错误（F）。
知识来自质疑最简单三个范文英语
知识来自质疑最简单三个范文英语Knowledge comes from questioningIntroductionKnowledge is a vast and ever-changing sea, and it is through questioning that we navigate our way through its depths. The act of questioning, of seeking answers and challenging established ideas, is fundamental to the acquisition of knowledge. This essay will explore the importance of questioning in the pursuit of knowledge, with a focus on three simple examples to illustrate the point.Questioning in ScienceIn the realm of science, questioning lies at the heart of discovery. Scientists are constantly asking questions about the natural world, seeking to understand its complexities and uncover its mysteries. Take, for example, the case of Gregor Mendel, the father of modern genetics. Through meticulous observation and experimentation, Mendel questioned the prevailing wisdom of his time and discovered the principles of heredity that laid the foundation for modern genetics.Similarly, in the field of astronomy, questioning has led to some of the most significant scientific breakthroughs in history.The discovery of the heliocentric model of the solar system by Copernicus and Galileo, for example, revolutionized our understanding of the universe and paved the way for modern astronomy.Questioning in HistoryIn the study of history, questioning plays a crucial role in our understanding of the past. Historians are constantly questioning the accounts of the past, seeking to uncover the truth behind the events that shaped our world. For example, the work of historians such as Howard Zinn, who challenged traditional narratives of American history to offer a more inclusive and diverse perspective, has fundamentally altered our understanding of the past.Questioning in LiteratureIn literature, questioning is essential to the interpretation and analysis of texts. Literary critics and scholars are constantly questioning the meaning and significance of works of literature, seeking to uncover the deeper themes and messages that they convey. For example, the question of authorial intent, whether the author's intentions should inform our interpretation of a text, has been the subject of ongoing debate among literary scholars.ConclusionIn conclusion, knowledge comes from questioning. Whether in science, history, literature, or any other field of inquiry, it is through the act of questioning that we expand our understanding of the world and push the boundaries of what is known. By challenging established ideas, seeking answers to difficult questions, and approaching the world with a spirit of curiosity and skepticism, we can unlock the secrets of the universe and uncover the truths that lie hidden beneath the surface. So let us never stop questioning, for it is through questioning that we truly come to know.。
英语作文关于人口出生率,死亡率的题目考研
英语作文关于人口出生率,死亡率的题目考研精选英文英语作文关于人口出生率,死亡率的题目考研：Title: The Dynamics of Birth and Death Rates: Implications for Population Growth and Postgraduate ResearchIn the intricate tapestry of societal evolution, the interplay between birth and death rates stands as a pivotal thread, weaving together patterns of population growth, demographic shifts, and ultimately, shaping the future trajectories of nations. As postgraduate students delving into the vast expanse of social sciences, understanding the nuances of these fundamental demographic indicators becomes not just an academic pursuit but a prerequisite for navigating the complexities of contemporary societal challenges. This essay endeavors to examine the dynamics of birth and death rates, their underlying factors, and their implications for population growth, while also highlighting potential avenues for further research within the realm of postgraduate studies.The Fundamentals: Birth and Death Rates DefinedBirth rate, also known as fertility rate, refers to the number of live births per thousand individuals in a population over a specified period, usually a year. It serves as a direct measure of a population's reproductive activity. Conversely, death rate denotes the number of deaths per thousand individuals within the same timeframe, reflecting the mortality patterns of a given society. The interplay between these two rates determines population growth or decline, with a higher birth rate than death rate leading to population expansion and vice versa.Underlying Factors Influencing Birth and Death RatesThe dynamics of birth and death rates are intricately linked to a multitude of socioeconomic, cultural, and biological factors. On the birth rate side, factors such as education levels, economic conditions, access to healthcare, cultural norms, and government policies (e.g., family planning initiatives) play crucial roles. For instance, advancements in education and women's empowerment often lead to a decline in fertility rates as individuals prioritize careers and personal aspirations over early or large families. Similarly, economic stability and improved healthcare access can positively impact birth rates by reducing infant mortality and fostering healthier families.On the other hand, death rates are influenced by advancements in medical technology, lifestyle choices, and environmental conditions. Improved healthcare systems, including vaccination programs and treatments for chronic diseases, have significantly lowered mortality rates worldwide. However, lifestyle factors like smoking, obesity, and inadequate nutrition, along with environmental hazards like pollution and climate change, pose new challenges to public health and can offset some of these gains.Implications for Population Growth and Postgraduate ResearchThe imbalance or equilibrium between birth and death rates has profound implications for population growth, which in turn shapes societal structures, resource allocation, and economic development. Rapid population growth can strain infrastructure, education systems, and healthcare resources, while declining populations can lead to labor shortages and economic stagnation.For postgraduate researchers, these dynamics present a rich field of inquiry. Areas of study might include:-Socioeconomic Determinants of Fertility: Examining how education, employment opportunities, and cultural values influence individual and societal fertility choices.- Health Policy and Mortality Reduction: Evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions in reducing mortality rates and their long-term impacts on population health.- Population Aging and Its Implications: Investigating the social, economic, and policy challenges posed by aging populations, including pension systems, healthcare needs, and intergenerational equity.-Migration and Demographic Change: Analyzing how migration patterns, both international and internal, contribute to population growth or decline and their impacts on receiving and sending communities.- Environmental Factors and Demography: Exploring the links between environmental degradation, climate change, and demographic trends, including their implications for sustainable development.In conclusion, the dynamics of birth and death rates are intricate and multifaceted, with far-reaching implications for population growth and societal well-being. As postgraduate students, delving into these issues offers not only an opportunity for intellectual growth but also a chance to contribute to the design of policies and interventions that promote sustainable and equitable demographic outcomes for all.中文对照翻译：标题：出生率和死亡率的动态：对人口增长和研究生研究的影响在错综复杂的社会演变中，出生率和死亡率之间的相互作用是一条关键线索，将人口增长、人口结构变化的模式编织在一起，并最终塑造了国家的未来轨迹。
英语咨询邮件模板范文
英语咨询邮件模板范文Subject: Inquiry Regarding [Your Topic/Area of Interest]Dear [Recipient's Name],。
I hope this email finds you well. I am [Your Name], and I am writing to inquire about [briefly describe your topicor area of interest]. I am particularly interested in understanding [specific aspects or questions you have about the topic].I have been exploring [topic/field] for some time now, and I am particularly fascinated by [specific aspects or theories]. However, I have encountered some difficulties in [identify the challenges or questions you face]. I believe that with your expertise and experience in this field, you could provide valuable insights and guidance.I would greatly appreciate it if you could share withme any relevant resources, literature, or case studies thatcould help me gain a deeper understanding of[topic/question]. Additionally, I would be interested in discussing any potential research opportunities or collaborations in this area.I understand that you may be busy, and I truly appreciate your time and attention. If it is convenient for you, I would be happy to schedule a meeting or a Zoom call to discuss this matter further.Thank you very much for considering my inquiry. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Best regards,。
动物习性英文作文
动物习性英文作文The study of animal habits and behaviors is a fascinating field that offers insights into the diverse and complex world of non-human species. From the intricate social structures of pack-dwelling wolves to the solitary hunting strategies of the elusive snow leopard, the habits and behaviors of animals are a reflection of their unique evolutionary adaptations and the ways in which they interact with their environment.One of the most well-known and extensively studied animal habits is the phenomenon of migration. Many species, including birds, mammals, and even some insects, undertake long-distance journeys between different habitats or regions, often in response to seasonal changes or the availability of resources. The monarch butterfly, for example, is renowned for its remarkable annual migration from the United States and Canada to overwintering sites in Mexico, a journey that can span thousands of miles.The reasons behind animal migration are varied and complex. Some species migrate to take advantage of more favorable climaticconditions or to access abundant food sources, while others may do so to escape predators or to find suitable breeding grounds. The Arctic tern, a seabird known for its impressive migration, travels from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back again each year, covering a distance of up to 18,000 miles in the process.Another fascinating aspect of animal habits is the way in which different species communicate with one another. From the intricate vocal repertoires of whales and primates to the complex body language and chemical signals used by insects, animals employ a wide range of communication strategies to convey information, coordinate group activities, and establish social hierarchies.For instance, the complex vocalizations of wolves, including howls, barks, and whines, serve a variety of purposes, such as maintaining contact with pack members, warning of danger, and asserting dominance. Similarly, the elaborate courtship displays of birds, such as the elaborate feather-fanning and wing-spreading of the peacock, are thought to play a crucial role in mate selection and the establishment of breeding pairs.Animal habits are also closely tied to the concept of territoriality, the defense of a specific area or resource against encroachment by other individuals or groups. This behavior is observed in a wide range of species, from the territorial displays of male songbirds defendingtheir breeding grounds to the scent-marking behaviors of large carnivores, such as lions and tigers, who use their urine and feces to mark the boundaries of their hunting ranges.The importance of territoriality in the animal kingdom cannot be overstated, as it plays a critical role in the acquisition and defense of resources, the establishment of social hierarchies, and the overall fitness and survival of individuals and populations. By understanding the territorial habits of different species, researchers can gain valuable insights into the complex social and ecological dynamics that shape the natural world.In addition to migration, communication, and territoriality, animal habits also encompass a wide range of other behaviors, such as foraging strategies, reproductive patterns, and parental care. The hunting techniques of apex predators, like the stealthy stalking and ambush tactics of the lion, or the cooperative hunting strategies of orcas, known as "killer whales," are just a few examples of the diverse and often fascinating foraging habits of animals.Similarly, the reproductive habits of species can vary greatly, from the solitary breeding of many reptiles and amphibians to the complex social structures and mating rituals of many mammals and birds. The intricate nest-building behaviors of birds, the elaborate courtship dances of certain species of fish, and the extended parentalcare exhibited by many mammals are all testament to the rich diversity of animal reproductive habits.Ultimately, the study of animal habits and behaviors is not only a fascinating field of scientific inquiry but also a crucial component of our understanding of the natural world. By observing and analyzing the diverse ways in which animals interact with their environments and with one another, researchers can gain valuable insights into the evolutionary processes that have shaped the remarkable diversity of life on our planet.Moreover, the study of animal habits can have important implications for the conservation and management of endangered species, as well as for the development of effective strategies for mitigating human-wildlife conflicts. By understanding the specific habits and behaviors of a given species, conservationists can tailor their interventions to better meet the needs of that species and ensure its long-term survival.In conclusion, the study of animal habits and behaviors is a rich and multifaceted field of inquiry that offers a window into the complex and often awe-inspiring world of non-human species. From the sweeping migrations of birds and mammals to the intricate social structures and communication strategies of various species, the habits and behaviors of animals are a testament to the remarkableadaptability and resilience of life on our planet. By continuing to explore and understand these fascinating aspects of the natural world, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the diversity and complexity of the living systems that sustain us all.。
英文的问询信件格式范文
英文的问询信件格式范文Dear [Recipient's Name],。
I hope this message finds you well. I am writing to inquire about a matter that has been of interest to me, and I would greatly appreciate your assistance in providing information and guidance.Firstly, I would like to express my interest in [specific topic or area of inquiry]. I have been following recent developments and advancements in this field, and I am keen on understanding more about it. In particular, I am interested in exploring the potential applications of [specific aspect or technology] and how it couldpotentially revolutionize [related industry or field].I understand that you are an expert in this field and have contributed significantly to its growth and development. Your work and research have been highly influential, and I am immensely impressed by yourcontributions. Therefore, I was hoping that you could provide me with some insights and perspectives on this topic.I would be particularly interested in hearing aboutyour thoughts on the current state of [specific aspect or technology] and how it compares to other existing solutions. Additionally, I would appreciate it if you could share any insights or predictions on the future trends and directions of this field.Moreover, I am curious to know about any potential challenges or obstacles that could hinder the widespread adoption of [specific aspect or technology]. I understand that every technology or innovation faces its unique set of challenges, and I am eager to learn more about the ones specific to this area.If possible, I would also appreciate it if you could recommend any resources or materials that I could refer to for further reading and understanding. Whether it's a book, an article, a research paper, or any other relevantmaterial, I would be grateful for any suggestions that could help me deepen my knowledge in this field.I understand that you may be busy, and I appreciate your time and attention in responding to my inquiry. If you could provide me with any information or guidance, it would be immensely helpful to me.Thank you very much for considering my request. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Best regards,。
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In some field of inquiry, beginners might be more likely to make important contributions than experts, since they have not boundaries and their mind is not limited. But this rule does fit all the fields. To a great extent, in scientific fields, the beginners can hardly make any important contributions. But in business and art, the beginners, being more open to new ideas and having more energy to realize their ideas, might be able to make greater contributions greater than the experts.
Beginners are truly easier to success than experts in some fields. Today’s world is full of opportunities, whether someone wants to start your own business, someone wants to be a athlete, actor, singer, or a ballet dancer. Bill Gates started his own company when he was in university. During the Olympic Games, the athletes who break the records are all very young, and for some of them, it might be the first time he joined the Olympic Games. And for singers and actors, it is especially true. Those who has the most fans are usually are not the one with the best acting or singing skills. Yet, beginners are more likely to attract people’s attention. Though they are all beginners in the field and they are not experts with a lifetime of knowledge, they have dreams, enthusiastic, and most importantly, energy. Starting a business is the most needs to work extra hours, being athletes require practice day in and day out. While some experts have more knowledge, knows how to do it right, their bodies are failing them.
However, in scientific field, it is unlikely the case. One thing must be pointed out is that old doesn’t mean expert, also young doesn’t mean beginner.
Yet, in politic field, it’s more complex. Usually, experts are more experienced. They knows how to deal with all situation. Their opinions are more mature. But sometimes, the beginners are equally to success and make a contribution. Mao Zedong.
We can’t simply draw a conclusion that in all fields, beginners are more likely to than experts to make important contributions, for Roma wasn’t built in one day. We must challenge the system that prevents beginners to realize their ideas, but their ideas must be practical. In some fields, beginners are able to make important contributions, and maybe even greater contributions, however, in some other fields, it’s unlikely that a person who barely know any basic knowledge can make a important contribution.。