定语从句特殊形式
定语从句的类型及例子
定语从句的类型及例子
定语从句的类型主要有三种:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和同位语从句。
以下每种类型各举一个例子,中英文间隔呈现:
1. 限制性定语从句
中文:这是一本我曾经读过的书。
英文:This is a book that I have ever read.
限制性定语从句通过提供必要的信息来定义或限制先行词(本句中的“书”),如果去掉定语从句,原句的意义将不完整或发生变化。
2. 非限制性定语从句
中文:我的邻居,一个和蔼的老人,经常帮助我。
英文:My neighbor, who is a kind old man, often helps me.
非限制性定语从句对先行词(本句中的“邻居”)提供额外信息,这些信息不是定义性的,如果去掉定语从句,原句的基本意义仍然完整。
3. 同位语从句
中文:我有一个梦想,那就是环游世界。
英文:I have a dream that is to travel around the world.
同位语从句用于解释或说明先行词(本句中的“梦想”)的具体内容,它与先行词在逻辑上是等同的,通常通过“that”引导从句。
这些例子展示了定语从句的不同类型及其在句子中的应用。
通过正确使用定语从句,我们可以更具体、更生动地描述事物和情境。
定语从句关系代词只用that的四种情况
定语从句关系代词只用that的四种情况定语从句是英语句子的一种形式,用来描述或定义名词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当连接词,将定语从句引入主句中,起到结构完整化的作用。
在定语从句中,关系代词的种类有很多,其中较为特殊的是只用“that”的情况,本文将详细介绍这种情况下的用法及注意点。
一、定义关系代词”that“是用来连接定语从句和主句的重要连词,在英语中十分常见。
它的形式既可以作主语也可以作宾语,常用于定语从句中,引导一个话题在从句中被进一步解释。
二、使用情况在英语定语从句中,that只有在严格的语法环境中词法才是唯一的选择,情况包括以下四种。
1.介词之后:当先行词是介词时,关系代词只能用that。
例如,“the book that I am reading”中的that是引导定语从句的关系代词。
假如在这个句子中,你用which来代替that,那么这个从句仍然可以理解,但这样使用是错误的。
正确:The book that I am reading.错误:The book which I am reading.2.形容词之后:如果形容词修饰名词,其中包含有定语从句,而先行词又在从句里作宾语,就必须使用that。
例如,“This is the man that I saw on TV yesterday”。
正确:This is the man that I saw on TV yesterday.错误:This is the man which I saw on TV yesterday.3.最高级别形容词之后:当最高级别形容词修饰的名词在定语从句中作先行词时,只能用that,而不用which或者who。
例如,“This is the best d ay that I've ever had in my life”。
正确:This is the best day that I've ever hadin my life.错误:This is the best day which I've ever had in my life.4.不定代词之后:不定代词(如something,anything,nothing,everyone,everybody等)以及不定副词(如somewhere,anywhere,nowhere等)后面的定语从句,只能用that。
英语语法中的定语从句
英语语法中的定语从句在英语语法中,定语从句是一种非常常见且重要的句子结构。
它能够用来修饰名词或代词,使得句子更加具体、准确和丰富。
定语从句的构成非常灵活,可以通过不同的方式来表达同样的意思。
本文将探讨定语从句的基本概念、结构和用法,并通过一些例子来加深理解。
定语从句是由一个引导词和一个从句组成的。
引导词通常是关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如where, when, why)。
这些引导词在从句中充当名词的成分,起到连接主句和从句的作用。
定语从句可以出现在句子的任何位置,但通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
定语从句的结构可以分为两种:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句用来限定或具体化名词的意义,如果去掉它,句子的意思就不完整或不准确。
非限制性定语从句则用来提供额外的信息或解释,并且可以被逗号隔开。
下面是一些例子来说明这两种定语从句的区别:1. 限制性定语从句:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
在这个例子中,定语从句"that I bought yesterday"限定了名词"book"的意义,如果去掉它,句子就变得不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句:My sister, who is a doctor, lives in London.我的姐姐是一名医生,她住在伦敦。
这个例子中的定语从句"who is a doctor"提供了关于"my sister"的额外信息,并且可以被逗号隔开。
除了限制性和非限制性定语从句,还有其他一些特殊的定语从句形式。
例如,我们可以使用关系代词"whose"来表示所属关系,或者使用关系副词"where"来表示地点,"when"来表示时间,"why"来表示原因。
什么是定语从句?
什么是定语从句?[解题过程]定语从句⊙概述定语从句是定语的一种特殊形式,定语从句中的中心词叫做先行词。
形容词常作定语,因此定语从句又称形容词性从句。
定语从句也有限制性和非限制性之分,注意两种形式的翻译。
例如:I still remember the day when we went out for a picnic . .(限制性定语从句)至今我仍记得我们一起外出野餐的那一天。
This pupil studies very well , whose father feels glad .(非限制性定语从句)这位小学生学习不错,他的爸爸感到挺高兴。
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词when, where, why. 关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。
一、关系代词的选择关系代词的选择,主要是指that和who,that和which,as和which这三对关系代词的选择。
1.关系代词that的使用场合(1)一般说来,先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing, much, little, few等,关系代词应用that。
如:That's all(that) I know.Everything that can be done is done.(2)先行词之前有all, any, every, no, little, much, only, very等修饰时,关系代词应用that。
如:He'll read all the books that are sold here.Ask any questions (that) you don't understand.(3)在以疑问句who开始的句子中,避免两个who重复,用that。
(完整版)定语从句语法详解
定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。
特殊定语从句英语语法知识点归纳
特殊定语从句英语语法知识点归纳特殊定语从句是英语语法中非常重要也是非常难的一个知识点,在英语学习中起着极其重要的作用。
小编为大家推荐了特殊定语从句的用法,总有一条你喜欢的。
特殊定语从句的用法一、分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句指的是先行词有别的修饰语,或者话语间插入了其他成分,或者为了强调句子的某个成分等,定语从句和它修饰的先行词被分隔开了。
例1 (2008年山东卷)Occasions are quite rare—— I have the time to spend a daywith my kids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when解析选D。
此题先行词是occasions,意为“时刻、时候”,在从句中作时间状语。
此句谓语部分较短,为避免头重脚轻,而将定语从句放到谓语后面。
句意为:我很少有时问陪孩子们一起度过一天。
其他的分隔式定语从句还有:1.被作定语的介词短语分开We were honored to meet the chief of an African tribe there,whowarmly received andfeasted US.我们荣幸地见到了那儿的一个非洲部落酋长,他热情地接见并款待了我们。
2.被状语分开rr}1ereis a Mr Smith 0utside of the office who wants to see you.办公室外面有个史密斯先生想见你。
3.被同位语分开1 have ever been to Beijing,the capital of China,which attracts the world to visit everyvear.我去过北京——中国的首都,它每年吸引着世人来参观。
二、带有插入语的定语从句有时定语从句的关系词与从句中的其他句子成分之间会插人类似“主语+think/believe/guess/expect”等表示态度、观点的短语。
定语从句的特殊情况
定语从句中的一些特殊情况。
1)where的一种特殊用法。
回顾:Where are you from?e g. His head was stuck out of the second story window , from where he could pick the appleson the tree.In the restaurant ,he sat at a table near the window , from where he could see what was happening in the street.2)当先行词为point,situation,position,case,stage时,定语从句不缺成分,常理解为抽象的地点where; 当先行词为occasion时,定语从句不缺成分, 常理解为when.We have reached a point where a change is needed.Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.3)定语从句的特殊形式“介词+关系代词+不定式”。
The farmer uses wood to build a house in which he can store grain.(=in which to store grain.)He borrowed 20 yuan from her with which he can buy a pen .(=with which to buy a pen)。
特殊类型定语从句
特殊类型定语从句1.Is this factory _______ we visited last year?2.Is this the factory-------we visited last year?A. where B in which C the one D which分析:做1题首先要明白一个概念。
被定语从句修饰的名词前一般都有the,因为它已被限定。
所以此题还原成陈述句应该是this factory is______ we visited last year. 而不是this is factory ______ we visited last year.不能选A, B, D。
因为句子没有先行词。
所以答案是C。
从句前省略了关系代词that/which。
2题先行词是the factory,在从句中做宾语,关系代词that/which/省略.3. This is the last time _________ I shall give you a lesson.A. when B that C which D in which分析:答案是B。
此处time是次数。
因此用that引导。
4.I don’t like the way ________ you laugh at her.A . thatB on whichC whichD as分析:此题先行词是the way,是方式的意思,还原到定语从句中做状语you laugh at her in the way。
关系代词可选用that/in which/省略way/time的特殊用法Way当先行词是way意思为”方式.方法”的时候,引导定语从句的关系词有下列3种形式:Way在从句中做宾语The way that which he explained to us is quite simple.Way在从句中做状语The way that in which he explained the sentence to us is quite simple.5.He didn’t understand the way----- I worked out the problem.A whichB in whichC whereD what分析:还原the way到从句中,I worked out the problem in the way, 做状语,因此选择B .Time当先行词是time时,若time表示次数时,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that 可以省略;若time表示”一段时间”讲时,应用关系副词when或介词at/during + which引导定语从句6.I could hardly remember how many times----I’ve failed.A thatB whichC in whichD when分析:此处time表示次数,因此选择A7.This is the second time--------the president has visited the country.A whichB whereC thatD in which分析:此处time表示次数,因此选择C8.This was at a time------there were no televisions, no computers or radios.A whatB whenC whichD that分析:此处time指的是一段时间,曾经有一段时间,既没有电视,电脑,也没有收音机.因此选择B.。
定语从句特殊引导词as,but,than
定语从句特殊引导词as,but,thanAs、but和than引导定语从句As、but和than通常都是以介词、连词等⾝份被⼤家所熟知,⽽它们居然可以摇⾝⼀变成为关系代词,在定语从句中做主语和宾语。
1. As As最基本的⽤法是做连词“与……⼀样”表⽰同级的⽐较,介词“作为”。
下⾯是它特殊的⽤法:例句:1. He does not possess such qualifications as are necessary to be an actor. 他并不具备⼀名演员应有的资格。
2. She bought the same skirt as I had bought last week so I need to talk to her about it so we don't wear them the same at the same time. 她买的那条裙⼦和我上周买的⼀模⼀样,我要和她商量⼀下,免得“撞衫”。
上⾯两个例句中定语从句都使⽤了as作为关系代词,我们可以发现例句1中含有“such…as…”,例句2中含有“the same…as…”,由此可见,我们到底要不要使⽤as来做关系代词,可以根据句中是否出现了与as搭配的短语进⾏判断。
3. The murderer who had killed several people on the campus was finally arrested by the police, as was expected. 如我们所愿,那个在校园杀害数⼈的杀⼈犯终于被警⽅逮捕。
该句中并未出现与as搭配的短语,此处的⽤法是as做关系代词指代前⾯整个句⼦,在定语从句中做主语。
2. But⼤家熟悉的but基本都是以转折连词的⾝份出现,但是它还兼职在做定语从句中的关系代词。
例句:There is no man but errs. 没有任何⼈能够不犯错误。
定语从句(完整版)
定语从句(完整版)定语从句是用关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,它的作用是修饰主句中的名词性成分,相当于形容词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词,常用的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as等,而关系副词则有where、when、why等。
关系词有三个作用,即引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
需要注意的是,关系代词有主语和宾语之分,其中whom通常作为宾语。
定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,它可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语来担任,甚至可以由一个句子来担任。
在汉语中,我们通常用“……的”表示定语。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语;而短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
限定性定语从句有两种形式,一种是由关系代词引导的,另一种是由关系副词引导的。
关系代词that既可代表事物也可代表人,which则只能代表事物。
在从句中,that和which可以作主语或宾语,而that在从句中作宾语时常常可以省略关系词。
如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面,但有些例外。
需要注意的是,代表物时多用which,但在带有特定词语的句子中,如anything、everything、nothing、none等不定代词时,或者是由every、any、all、some、no、little、few、much等修饰时,应该使用that而不是which。
此外,当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时,或者先行词中既有人又有物时,也应该使用that,而不是which。
4.Who and whom are used to introduce clauses that modify people。
serving as the subject and object of the clause respectively。
高中定语从句特殊用法
= Talks between the two countries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.
04
带介词的定语从句解释
1.在“介词+which/whom”结构中,关系代词用 which 还是用whom ,取决于它前面的先行词是物还 是人。先行词是物, 用which ; 若为人,就用 whom 。如:
Nearby were two ships in which they had come to the island.
2.引导词在句中作状语时,引导词可用where 或 in which / at which 。
I work in a business _______almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that
注意:As与that的区别 As 引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内
容相似,即指同类事物;that 引导定语从句表示的 内容与主句相同,即为同一事物。
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday .这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。(指同一支笔) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday . 这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。(指同类型的笔,但并不是 我丢失的那一支)
1.We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在从句中作主语)
定语从句特殊形式
Real friends are those who,when you have made a fool of yourself, don’t feel that you have done a permanent job.
插入语一般只放在定语从句的关系词后面
back
Many students face problems when they have to to study a subject that they think is difficult.
作宾语的关系词+插入语+定语从句的主谓部分:
He had a very selfish girl who I could not have dreamed many boys fell in love with.
He referred me to some reference books ______ with which I am not very familiar .(ad.)
• 关系代词前面的介词有时与固定的介宾短语相关,比如in this case, in one’s honor会变成相应的形式in which case , in whose honor。这时关系代词前的介词是从原来短语中继承过来的 。
正如大家所知道的那样,月球每月绕着地球转一圈。
3)主句从句内容一致时,或说从句内容顺主句说下来时,通 常用as. He wasn’t unconscious, as could be judged from his eyes.
他未失去知觉,这从他的眼神可以看出来。
He is a teacher,as is clear from his manner.
定语从句的特殊用法
定语从句中的特殊用法定语从句是起定语作用的,修饰,说明名词,代词或句子内容的从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。
引导定语从句,并在句中担任成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。
定语从句是高考常考内容之一,使用时要尤其注意以下十种特殊用法。
一、只用that不用which的情况1、当先行词是al l, little, few, much, somethi ng, everyth ing, anythin g, nothing, none等不定代词时。
如: Everyth ing that happene d then was like a nightma re.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。
I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。
2、当先行词被on ly, any, few, little, no, all, just, very(恰好的,表示强调)等词修饰时。
例如:The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。
That’s the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。
3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
例如:The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。
4、被修饰词为数词时。
例如:Yesterd ay I caughttwo fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. 昨天我捉到了两条鱼,把它们放在一盆水里。
it’s something that 定语从句
It’s something that定语从句讲解在英语语法中,定语从句是一种常用的句型,它用于修饰和限定名词,以提供更多的信息和背景。
而“It’s something that”结构则是定语从句的一种特殊形式,它通常用于强调某个特定的内容或观点。
“It’s something that”结构中的“something”是一个泛指代词,它可以指代任何事物。
而“that”后面则跟定语从句,用来修饰和限定这个泛指代词“something”。
通过这种方式,这个结构能够强调某个特定的内容或观点,使得句子更加生动有力。
在“It’s something that”结构中,定语从句可以放在“that”之前或之后,这取决于句子结构和语境的需要。
如果定语从句比较短或者对“something”的修饰比较简单,通常放在“that”之前;如果定语从句比较长或者对“something”的修饰比较复杂,则可以放在“that”之后,以保持句子的平衡和流畅。
以下是一些使用“It’s something that”结构的例子:1.It’s something that has been long overdue.(这件事早就应该发生了。
)2.It’s something that requires immediate attention.(这件事需要立即引起关注。
)3.It’s something that only the two of us know.(这件事只有我们两个人知道。
)4.It’s something that can make a difference in the long run.(这件事从长远来看会有所作为。
)通过以上例子可以看出,“It’s something that”结构在句子中起到强调某个内容或观点的作用,使得句子更加生动有力。
在写作中,可以根据语境和表达需要灵活运用这个结构,以增强文章的表现力和说服力。
非限制性定语从句的引导词与结构
非限制性定语从句的引导词与结构定语从句是英语中的常见句子结构,用来修饰名词或代词,进一步说明其特征或限定范围。
而非限制性定语从句则是定语从句的一种特殊形式,它不是必需的,可以省略,不会对主句的意思产生重大影响。
在非限制性定语从句的引导词与结构中,我们可以发现一些规律和特点。
一、引导非限制性定语从句的引导词引导非限制性定语从句的引导词通常有:“which”, “who”, “whom”, “whose”, “when”, “where”等。
这些引导词在句子中起到引导从句的作用,并且和主句之间用逗号隔开。
以引导词“which”为例,它通常用来引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句的内容。
比如:1. They visited the Great Wall, which is one of the wonders of the world.(他们参观了长城,长城是世界七大奇迹之一。
)在这个句子中,“which”引导的非限制性定语从句“which is one ofthe wonders of the world”修饰了主句的宾语“The Great Wall”,进一步说明了长城的特征。
二、非限制性定语从句的结构非限制性定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,然后在从句中充当相应的成分。
以下是几种常见的非限制性定语从句的结构形式。
1. 由关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句a. 关系代词“which”引导的非限制性定语从句比如:The book, which was written by Mark Twain, is very popular.(这本书是马克·吐温写的,非常受欢迎。
)在这个句子中,“which”引导的非限制性定语从句“which was written by Mark Twain”修饰主句的宾语“The book”。
b. 关系代词“who”或“whom”引导的非限制性定语从句比如:John, who is my best friend, is coming to visit me tomorrow.(约翰,我的最好的朋友,明天要来看我。
限制性定语从句的特殊用法
限制性定语从句的特殊用法1. way + 定语从句way 后面跟定语从句有三种形式。
(1) way + in which + 定语从句例如:She was pleased with the way in which he had accepted her criticism.(2) way + that +定语从句例如:They didn’t do it in the way that we do now.(3) way + 定语从句例如:He didn’t speak the way I do.2. as 引导的定语从句(1) 在由as 引导的定语从句中所修饰的词(先行词)前面常有such 或the same。
例如:Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.I have the same trouble as you (have).(2) As 在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
例如:Let’s discuss only such questions as concern everyone of us.(作主语)I never heard such stories as he tells.(作宾语)I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is.(作表语)(3) As 有时引导非限制性定语从句,可在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语,修饰主句,常解释为正如、如同。
例如:As is known to all, the earth moves round the sun.(作主语)As was expected, he performed the task with success.(作主语)As he predicted, the wind changed.(作宾语)The meeting is very important, as indeed it is.(作表语)。
特殊形式的定语从句
特殊形式的定语从句特殊形式的定语从句导语:定语从句是有特殊的形式的,特殊形式的定语从句的用法也会跟一般形式的不同,下面店铺介绍特殊形式的定语从句,欢迎参考。
■since / until / by when引导的定语从句定语从句中有一类是since / until / by when引导的定语从句, 这类比较特殊的定语从句,一般都可整合为and连接的并列句。
and since / until / by then= since / until / by when借助并列句分析解此类定语从句,就会简单易懂易记。
【典型例题1】The book was written in 1946, _______ the education system has witnessed great changes.A. whenB. during whichC. since thenD. since when【解析】句意:该书写于1946年,从那以后教育制度已经历了巨大变化。
因从句中“has witnessed”是完成时,而只有含 since引导的时间状语句子才用完成时,故此句可改写:The book was written in 1946, and since then the education system has witnessed great changes.【典型例题2】The baby is due in May, _______ the new house should be finished.A. by thenB. whichC. by whenD. since when【解析】句意:“那个婴儿五月将出生,到那时他/ 她家的新房应该能装修完毕了。
”故此句可改写:The baby is due in May, and by then the new house should be finished.【典型例题3】I am going back to my hometown this summer, ________I will have enough time to buy a car.A. by thenB. whichC. by whenD. since when【解析】句意:今年夏天我打算回家乡,到那时我就会有足够的时间买辆车。
定语从句关系代词的特殊用法
定语从句关系代词的特殊用法[摘要]定语从句一直是高中语法的重点,大多数学生都能掌握关系代词的基本用法,但对关系代词的特殊用法知之甚少。
根据本人近几年的教学经验,就关系代词的特殊用法做了总结。
[关键词]定语从句关系代词用法一、限定性定语从句1.先行词有人也有物,关系代词用that。
e.g. They are talking about things and persons that they can remember.2.先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时,关系代词只用that。
e.g. He is the last person that I want to see.It is the first American movie of this kind that I have ever seen.3.先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词修饰时,关系代词只用that。
e.g. This is the best way that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting book that I have read.4.先行词是人或物,被the only, the very 修饰时,只用that。
e.g. This is the very book that I have been looking for.He was the only person that knew how to repair the machine.5主句以疑问词who,which,what 开头的疑问句,定语从句关系代词为了避免重复用that。
e.g. Who is the man that is dressed in black. Which is the book that you borrowed from the library?6.先行词指物,是anything,something,everything,nothing,all,little,much,some,none等不定代词时,关系代词用that.e.g.All that can be done has been done. We haven’t got much that we can offer you.7.先行词是物,前被every,some,no,little,much,few,all,one等修饰时,关系代词只用that。
非限制性定语状语从句
非限制性定语状语从句定语从句是英语语法中的重要部分,它可以用来修饰名词或代词,进一步说明或补充这些词的意义。
而非限制性定语状语从句则是定语从句中的一种特殊形式,它通过引入一些额外的信息来增添句子的语意,但并不影响主句的主要意思。
本文将详细介绍非限制性定语状语从句的用法和特点。
一、非限制性定语状语从句的定义和特点非限制性定语状语从句是指在主句中作为定语的从句,它不限制主句的意思,而是提供额外的信息或评论。
在句子结构上,非限制性定语状语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,放置在主句之后。
非限制性定语状语从句与限制性定语状语从句的区别在于前者并不是主句的必要部分,可以被删除而不影响主句的意思。
而后者在句子中起着限制和修饰的作用,如果删除会使主句的意思不完整。
二、非限制性定语状语从句的引导词非限制性定语状语从句通常由关系代词“which”或关系副词“where/when/why”引导。
1. 关系代词引导的关系代词“which”引导的非限制性定语状语从句用于修饰整个主句或主句中的某个成分,常常在逗号之后使用。
例如:The weather is great today, which makes me want to go for a walk.He has finally achieved his goal, which is a great accomplishment.2. 关系副词引导的关系副词“where/when/why”引导的非限制性定语状语从句用于修饰句子中的地点、时间或原因等,也常常在逗号之后使用。
例如:She took me to her favorite restaurant, where we had a delicious meal.I remember the day, when we first met, very clearly.He explained the reason, why he couldn't come to the party, to everyone.三、非限制性定语状语从句的使用注意事项1. 逗号的使用在非限制性定语状语从句中,引导词之前通常需要加上逗号,以与主句分隔开,但如果状语从句中本身包含逗号或引号,则不再需要在引导词之前加逗号。
定语从句中虚拟语气的运用规则
定语从句中虚拟语气的运用规则在语法学中,定语从句是一种修饰名词的从句,它用于对名词进行进一步的说明或限定。
在定语从句中,虚拟语气是一种特殊的语气形式,用于表示与事实相反的假设或推测情况。
本文将介绍定语从句中虚拟语气的运用规则,并以例句进行说明。
1. 与现实相反的假设:当定语从句中的主句和从句之间存在与现实相反的假设时,可以使用虚拟语气来表示。
此时,虚拟语气的动词形式多为过去时态,并且在第二人称和第三人称中要加上"were"。
例句:I wish I were a bird.(我希望我是一只鸟。
)2. 表示建议或要求:在定语从句中,虚拟语气可以用来表示建议或要求的情况。
这种情况下,动词形式多为过去时态,但在第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he/she/it)中,动词形式要使用动词原形。
例句:It is necessary that he speak to his boss about the problem.(有必要他向老板提出这个问题。
)3. 表示命令、要求、建议的否定:在定语从句中,如果表示否定的命令、要求或建议,虚拟语气的动词形式多为过去时态,并加上"should"。
例句:It is important that you shouldn't drink and drive.(很重要的是你不要喝酒后驾车。
)4. 表示对能力或可能性的怀疑:当定语从句中表示对某人的能力或可能性的怀疑时,虚拟语气的动词形式多为过去时态,并带有"could"或"would"。
例句:The doctor suggested that she could take some rest.(医生建议她应该休息一下。
)5. 表示推测或假设:在定语从句中,如果表示对事实的想象或假设的话,虚拟语气的动词形式多为过去时态,并加上"should"或"would"。
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并列定语从句
两个或两个以上的定语从句通过and,or,but等并列连接词来共 同修饰一个先行词:
• The errors occurring in the exam often result from the things that you don’t know or that you think you know. • The 20th century will not be remembered as the era when space was conquered,or the power of the atom (原子) harnessed(利用),but that in which were made the first machines having intelligence.
I have no doubt whatever about it. = I have no doubt about it at all. She has no sense whatever.
注意:as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 他是一名教师,这从他举止可以清楚看出。 back
than作关系代词引导定语从句
注意:1)主句中须有比较级字样和than前后呼应。 He smoked more (fewer) cigarettes than (he bought.) were normally available.
没有比她更自私的女人了。
He is a scientist than whom I can imagine no one greater.
我想不出一个比他更伟大的科学家。
3)other than,else than和otherwise than表示除了,相当与
but,except。 but else 或other)than You can’t get to the top of the mountain e (/except n by climbing.
• The goal for for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.(v) to which your • I am sending you an inquiry(询价单),to prompt (立刻的)attention is highly appreciated.(n)
3、What is called ,what we called, what you called 表示所谓的。有 时有贬义。
It is what you call a "new fashion"
4、 No sense whatever的含义 Whatever 可作形容词,常同not,any,no,nothing,anything一 起用于否定句或疑问句中,放在名词或代词后,表示一点也不,相当于 at all。
定语从句特殊 形式
特殊关系词 特殊结构 其他特殊用法
关系代词
关系副词 whose when where why
带有插入语的定语从句 介词+关系代词 并列定语从句
as用法 but用法 than用法 what用法 Ps:that which who
双层定语从句
习题
带有插入语的定语从句
• 定语从句关系词后插入一个主谓结构。 作主语的关系词+插入语+定语从句谓语部分:
很少有人不佩服他的才华。
• but结构也可以省略
• No rule but has exceptions.(There is)凡是规则,都有例外
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What用法
1、用作关系代词
•用于What is +形容词比较级的结构中是关系代词,泛指上下文,意 为更…,尤其…。通常用作插入语。
He attended the contest and what is more surprising,won a gold medal. Great men are often unknown,or what is worse, misknown.
• What一般单独使用不接名词,可表人或物。意义上相当于the person that或the thing that.不具有“什么”这样的疑问意义。
She is not what she used to be. Show me what you have written.
• 如果句中有先行词,那么一定不用What引导定语从句。
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双层定语从句
• 双层定语从句有这样的特点: 1.一个先行词先被一个限定性定语从句所修饰,来表示一个特定的意思, 然后这个结构再被另一个限定性定语从句修饰。 2.这两个限制定性定语从句是处在不同层次的,与并列性定从不同,不 能用but,and或or连接。
• •
He is the only person that we know who speaks so many foreign languages. What was it you started to tell me in the restaurant that you didn’t understand about me?
He referred me to some reference books ______ with which I am not very familiar .(ad.)
• 关系代词前面的介词有时与固定的介宾短语相关,比如in this case, in one’s honor会变成相应的形式in which case , in whose honor。这时关系代词前的介词是从原来短语中继承过来的 。
You can’t get to the top of the mountain except (或but) by climbing.
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Surely there isn ’ t a mother but faces this 应特别注意but虽然形式上是肯定的,意义上却是否定的。只用 problem.
He may be late ,in which case we should wait for him. He was a great writer, in whose honor this statue was built.
2、介词+which后接不定式短语,相当于一个定语从句。
• Allow me half an hour in which to wash the clothes • The farmer used wood to build a house in which to store grains.
• 注意用这个句式时介词+关系代词不能用一个关系副词来替换。比如 不能说:
The farmer used wood to build a house where to store grains.
• 有介词、有关系代词时,不能把介词置于句末。比如不能说:
The farmer used wood to build a house which to store grains in.
他吸的香烟比他买的(弄到的)要多(少)。
To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.
要彻底理解这种局势要作比迄今为止更多的思考。
2)than 可与whom连用,构成比较结构。 She is a woman than whom no one is more selfish.
他挣的那点钱都花烟酒上了。 我们希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这个包和我昨天丢失的包的样子是同样的。
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。
• 2)引导非限制性定语从句可放句首、句中、句末。as后常 接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主、被动语态。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
于限定性定语从句。 相当于who…not, that…not,which...not. 很可以肯定,凡是母亲都面临这个问题。 • There is no tree but bears some fruit.
没有不结果实的树。
but也可以用作关系代词引导定语从句
• There are very few but admire his talents.
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as作关系代词引导的定语从句
• 1)引导限制性定语从句。在主句中常有the same, so或 such与as相呼应, as不可省略。 We hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.
在the same…后也可用that引导定语从句,但含义有所不同。that引出 Such money as he earned was spent on spirits and 的从句,指的是与先行词同一的事物,而 as引导的从句指的是与先行词 tobacco. 同类的事物。
Most of the food_____elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. Most of _____food elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. A.what B.which C.who D.as