Are China and the US doomed to conflict 单词
纪念南京大屠杀英语演讲稿
纪念南京大屠杀英语演讲稿Commemorating the Nanjing MassacreLadies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, and esteemed judges,Today, we gather here to commemorate one of the darkest periods in human history—the Nanjing Massacre. This tragic event, which unfolded during the Second Sino-Japanese War, remains deeply etched in the collective memory of the Chinese people and serves as a stark reminder of the horrors of war and the importance of fostering peace.As we reflect upon the Nanjing Massacre, it is imperative to acknowledge the immense suffering endured by the Chinese people. The invasion of Nanjing by the Imperial Japanese Army resulted in the senseless and brutal murder of hundreds of thousands of innocent civilians and unarmed soldiers. Countless atrocities were committed, including rampant rape, looting, and the destruction of cultural heritage.The Nanjing Massacre stands as a testament to the unwavering spirit and resilience of the Chinese people. In the face of unimaginable cruelty and bloodshed, the survivors—: men, women, and children— demonstrated remarkable courage and determination to preserve their identity and rebuild their shattered lives.Moreover, it is incumbent upon us to remember the victims by honoring their memory and ensuring that such atrocities never occur again. By commemorating the Nanjing Massacre, we bear witness to the past, reminding ourselves and future generations of the importance of upholding human rights, justice, and peace.While the Nanjing Massacre serves as a somber reminder of the horrors inflicted on humanity, it also highlights the importance of forgiveness and reconciliation. In the aftermath of World War II, Japan and China embarked on a journey toward reconciliation, acknowledging the dark chapters of history and working together to forge a path of mutual understanding and friendship. This process has allowed healing to take place and paved the way for peaceful coexistence between the two nations.To ensure that the memory of the Nanjing Massacre endures, education plays a vital role. By incorporating this historical event into school curricula, we can educate future generations about the consequences of intolerance, the dangers of unchecked aggression, and the value of peace. Through knowledge and awareness, we can inspire a new generation of global citizens committed to upholding human dignity and fostering harmonious relations among nations.In conclusion, the Nanjing Massacre serves as a chilling reminder of the horrors mankind is capable of inflicting upon one another. However, through remembrance, reconciliation, and education, we have the power to build a world rooted in tolerance, peace, and mutual respect. Let us stand united in our commitment to honor the memory of the Nanjing Massacre and ensure that such atrocities never happen again.Thank you.。
全面侵华战争 英语
全面侵华战争英语The Sino-Japanese War: A Tragic Clash of Nationalism and ImperialismThe early 20th century was a tumultuous period in East Asia, marked by the rise of aggressive nationalism and competing imperial ambitions. At the heart of this turbulent era was the Sino-Japanese War, a conflict that would have far-reaching consequences for the region and the world. This war, which lasted from 1937 to 1945, was a complex and multifaceted event that cannot be reduced to a simple narrative of aggression and resistance.The roots of the Sino-Japanese War can be traced back to the late 19th century, when Japan emerged as a formidable military power following the Meiji Restoration. Driven by a desire to emulate the success of Western colonial powers, Japan sought to expand its sphere of influence in Asia. This led to a series of conflicts with China, culminating in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, in which Japan emerged victorious and gained control of Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula.The aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War sowed the seeds of thelater conflict. China's humiliating defeat at the hands of a smaller and less-developed nation fueled a growing sense of nationalism and a determination to regain its rightful place in the regional order. Meanwhile, Japan's success emboldened its military leaders, who increasingly saw China as a threat to their ambitions of regional hegemony.The immediate trigger for the Sino-Japanese War was the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, in which a skirmish between Chinese and Japanese troops near Beijing escalated into a full-scale military confrontation. Japan, seizing the opportunity, launched a massive invasion of China, quickly capturing major cities and establishing a puppet government in Nanjing.The Japanese military's conduct during the war was marked by extreme brutality and disregard for civilian lives. The Nanjing Massacre, in which Japanese troops systematically killed an estimated 300,000 Chinese civilians, stands as one of the most horrific atrocities of the 20th century. The widespread use of chemical weapons, the forced conscription of laborers, and the systematic exploitation of the occupied territories all contributed to the immense suffering of the Chinese people.China's resistance to the Japanese invasion was no less remarkable. Led by the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek and theCommunist forces of Mao Zedong, the Chinese people fought with a tenacity and courage that surprised their Japanese adversaries. The long and arduous guerrilla campaign, combined with the logistical challenges of the vast Chinese landscape, ultimately proved too much for the Japanese military to overcome.The Sino-Japanese War also had significant international implications. The conflict drew the attention of the global community, with the United States and the Soviet Union providing varying degrees of support to the Chinese forces. The war also contributed to the growing tensions between the Axis and Allied powers, ultimately leading to Japan's involvement in the broader conflict of World War II.The legacy of the Sino-Japanese War continues to shape the geopolitical landscape of East Asia. The deep-seated animosity and mistrust between China and Japan, fueled by the atrocities committed during the war, have persisted to this day, influencing bilateral relations and regional dynamics. The war also played a crucial role in the rise of Chinese nationalism and the eventual triumph of the Communist Party, which would go on to transform China into a global superpower.In the end, the Sino-Japanese War was a tragedy of epic proportions, a conflict that laid bare the destructive potential of nationalism,imperialism, and the quest for regional dominance. The lessons of this war continue to resonate, reminding us of the importance of diplomacy, mutual understanding, and the protection of human rights in the pursuit of lasting peace and stability.。
大学英语综合教程3
英语复习资料短语unit1（be）free of摆脱，免于draw the line（at）划清最后界限get away from it all远离这一切；have a point和情理；是明智的live with容忍off the grid 没有联网save for除……之外serve up sth.提供sniff at对……嗤之以鼻unit2a host of一大群；许多buck the tread抵制某种趋势；反潮流by definition依据定义；当然地center on以……为中心check off清点get out of the way使某人或某物不碍事in terms of根据，就……而言kick in开始生效unit3act out把……付诸行动be on one's way to 正要成为；正要做connect the dots 理清头绪for fear of 以防；生怕have no awareness of 不知道in service 在使用中；可运用keep sth.in perspective 适当处理；摆正位置play out 把戏演完；让戏上演seek out 追寻到；找到throw sb.off balance 使某人心神不安to that end 为了实现这个目标unit 4at the height of 在......的顶峰或鼎盛时期brim with 充满bring to mind 使想起conjure up 使呈现于脑际；使想起contrast with 与......形成对照；和......相对照draw attention to 吸引人注意...in great demand 需求量大的；受欢迎的refer to 提及unit 5after the manner of 仿效in company with 和...一起in miniature 小规模地jump about 跳来跳去make love to 向...示爱plunge into 纵身投入；一头进去unit6be concerned of 担心；忧虑be stuck in困于；陷于have...to do with与......有关make an appointment预约participate in参与plan ...out为......计划；策划take a toll (on)对......造成损失up to直到，多达，高达Unit7come into contact with与......打交道deter...from阻止in part在一定程度上in the/one's way碍人的，碍事的none the less尽管如此on the offensive处于攻势resonate with与......产生共鸣step in干预Unit8ahead of 在…………前面at risk 处于危险中/处境危险cling to 坚持/墨守excel in 擅长/善于give off 发出/放出/释放lose out to 输给………/被……取代put up with 忍受/容忍reside in 存在于rub off 传播/感染第一单元Landuage in use1.The change in economic environment gives him an (urge) towarda more ambitious goal,which makes him in (urgent) need of big investment.经济环境的变化使他渴望实现更远大的目标，这使他迫切需要大的投资。
研究生英语综合教程 崔校平 翻译及课后答案 Unit4
Unit 4 Lierature and ArtsText A 参考译文诗，如同这世界，可以说是有四个时代的，不过程度不同罢了；诗的第一个时代是铁器时代、第二个是黄金时代；第三个是白银时代；第四个是黄铜时代。
在诗的第一个时代，铁器时代，粗野的歌人，用震耳的旋律，歌颂更粗野的魁酋们的丰功伟业，当时，人人都是战士，各式社会的最高实践箴言是：“保持我们所有的东西，夺取我们所能夺取。
”，这箴言尚未以正义的名义和法律的形式装扮起来，而是刀光剑影的一句露骨格言，白刃相向就是meum et meum(而我之间)一切问题的裁判和公断。
在那些日子，只有三种职业兴隆（除了时时都兴隆的祭司职业以外），那就是王者、盗贼、乞丐的职业：乞丐多半是穷途落魄的王者，盗贼则多半是前途似锦的王者。
向一个陌生者询问的第一个问题是：“你是乞丐还是盗贼?”陌生人回答，往往先冒充乞丐，等到方便时机，便证明他堪称为盗贼。
每个人的自然欲望，是把他所能获得的权势和财产，尽量独占为己有，不择手段，强权就是公理；加上一个同样自然的欲望，那就是让尽可能多的人知道，他在这个普遍追求中夺得多少东西。
成功的武士变成魁酋，成功的魁酋转成王者：他接着便需要一个工具来宣扬他的功业的名声和财富的多寡。
这个工具他在歌人身上找到了，歌人事前在他的美力充分感发之下，是随时准备歌颂他的武力的。
这就是诗的起源：诗，正如其他职业那样，是因有这种商品的需求而兴起，按照市场范围的扩大而繁荣的。
所以，诗在起源时是歌功颂德的。
各民族最早的粗野诗歌，好像是一种简要的历史介绍，用臃肿浮夸的调子，颂扬一些杰出人物的功绩和财产。
诗的黄金时代取材于铁器时代。
这个时代开始之时，诗便开始回顾往事，一种类似扩大的国家行政体系的制度已经建立起来，个人的力量和勇敢已经不足以扩张武人勇士的势力，不足以使帝王废立和国家兴亡了，有组织的人群，社会的制度，世袭的继承等等，将予以抑制。
人们也更多生活在真理光辉之中，交换着观察成果，从而看出了鬼神的作用不是那么经常在他们之间发生，从古代诗歌和传说看来好像经常在他们祖先之间发生似的。
关于中美文化的不同英语作文
关于中美文化的不同英语作文每个国家的文化习俗都不同，中美文化之间有什么样的差异。
下面是店铺带来的关于中美文化的不同英语作文，欢迎大家阅读!关于中美文化的不同英语作文篇一文化差异何其大美国为何难以理解中国Do the events that led to the outbreak of the first world war carry lessons for the Sino-American relationship? A century ago it was the ascent of Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm I thatunsettled the world; today a rising China is roiling east Asia. Then, as now, domestic politicson both sides played a role; one that is too easily neglected.导致一战爆发的事件对中美关系有什么启发意义吗?一个世纪以前，德国在威廉一世(Kaiser Wilhelm I)领导下的崛起让世界感到不安;如今，中国的崛起让东亚感到不安。
当时和现在一样，对立双方的国内政治都发挥了作用——这是一个太容易被人们忽视的因素。
Why did Britain and Germany – linked by trade, dynastic ties, culture and religion – findthemselves at war in August 1914? In part, as historian Paul Kennedy has argued, it wasbecause London’s liberal ideology contributed to its perception of a growing German threat.1914年8月，存在贸易、王朝纽带、文化和宗教联系的英国和德国为何开战?从某种程度上来说，正如历史学家保罗•肯尼迪(Paul Kennedy)所指出的，那是因为伦敦的自由主义意识形态强化了其关于德国威胁日益加剧的认识。
俄乌冲突英文作文
俄乌冲突英文作文The recent conflict between Russia and Ukraine has caused widespread concern and fear. The escalating tensions have led to a sense of uncertainty and unease among the international community.The situation is complex and multifaceted, with historical, political, and economic factors at play. The conflict has deep roots and is not easily resolved.The impact of the conflict is far-reaching, affecting not only the two countries involved, but also the stability and security of the entire region. The potential forfurther escalation is a cause for great concern.The international community must come together to address the root causes of the conflict and work towards a peaceful resolution. Diplomacy and dialogue are crucial in finding a sustainable solution.The humanitarian consequences of the conflict are dire, with many innocent civilians caught in the crossfire. It is essential to prioritize the protection of civilians and ensure access to humanitarian aid.The conflict has also had a significant impact on global markets and has the potential to disrupt the global economy. The ripple effects of the conflict are being felt around the world.It is important for all parties involved to exercise restraint and seek peaceful means to resolve the conflict. The stakes are high, and the consequences of further escalation are too grave to ignore.。
威尔逊关于宣战对国会的演讲（中英文）
威尔逊关于宣战对国会的演讲（中英文）第一篇：威尔逊关于宣战对国会的演讲(中英文)伍德罗·威尔逊关于宣战对国会的演讲（1917年4月2日）……今年1月3日我正式通知你们，德意志帝国政府爲表了异乎寻常的通告，宣称从1月1日起它的宗旨是把法律的限制或仁慈的考虑统统抛置一边，用它的潜艇去击沉任何驶近英国和爱尔兰港口的船只，或驶近欧洲西海岸或地中海内德国的敌人所控制的任何港口的船只。
这似乎是德国潜艇战在大战之初的目标。
但从去年4月起，德意志帝国对其潜艇指挥官们多少有所限制，以实践当时它对我们许下的诺言即不击沉客轮，对其它它的潜艇可能摧毁的船只，只要不作抵抗、留在原地，便会向它们预先发出警告，而且让它们的船员至少有机会在不设防的船上逃生。
在残酷无情的战争中，一桩桩令人悲痛的事件证明，德方的克制是很不够的，而且带有任意性，但确实有一定程度的节制。
而新政策把任何限制都取消了。
任何种类的船只，不论它挂什麽旗，具有什麽性质，载什麽货，驶向何处，完成什麽使命，全都被击沉，不给预先警告，也全然不顾船上人员的死活；友好中立国的船只与敌国的船只同样对待。
甚至连医护船以及向比利时死伤惨重的人民运送救济物资的船只──后者被德国政府允许安全通过禁海而且带有明确无误的标记──同样也被丧失同情心和原则性的德军击沉。
有一度我无法相信，这种行径竟然真是一个一贯赞同文明世界人道惯例的政府的所作所爲。
国际法起源于人类试图制订的某种的海洋上得到尊重和遵守的法律，该法律规定，任何国家无权统治海洋，世界各国的船只都可以在海上自由航行。
……德国政府以报复和必需爲借口，已将这起码的法律规定一脚踢开，因爲德国在海上除了毫不顾忌人道，蔑视对国际交往的共识，穷兵黩武之外，干不了什麽别的事。
我现在想到的不是德国在海上造成的财産损失，尽管损失惨重，而是对大批平民生命肆无忌惮的屠杀，而这些男人、妇女和儿童所追求的目标向来──甚至在现代历史最黑暗的时期──被认爲是无辜和合法的。
介绍巴以冲突的英语作文
介绍巴以冲突的英语作文The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the world's most enduring hostilities, with the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip reaching over half a century. At the heart of this conflict is a basic question: who gets what land and how is it controlled?The history of the conflict is deep-rooted, with both Jews and Arabs claiming the right to self-determination on the same piece of land. This has led to a complex and often violent struggle with profound implications for the people living in the region and for international peace and security.The origins of the conflict can be traced back to the late 19th century, with the rise of national movements among both Jews and Arabs. The Jewish national movement, Zionism, emerged in response to centuries of persecution in Europe and sought to establish a homeland for the Jewish people. At the same time, Arab nationalism was growing, with the aim of ending Ottoman Turkish and later British colonial rule and achieving independence in Arab countries, including Palestine.The Balfour Declaration of 1917, in which Britain expressed support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, was a turning point. It was met with opposition from Palestinian Arabs, who feared that the creation of a Jewish state would mean the loss of their own national rights.The United Nations Partition Plan of 1947 proposed dividing the land into an Arab and a Jewish state, but this was rejected by the Arab states and the Palestinian Arabs. The subsequent declaration of the state of Israel in 1948 and the first Arab-Israeli war led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, an event they call the Nakba, or catastrophe.Over the decades, several wars and uprisings have occurred, including the Six-Day War in 1967, when Israel captured the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem, territories that are still at the center of the dispute. The Oslo Accords of the 1990s createda framework for peace, but the process has been fraught with setbacks, and a final status agreement has yet to be reached.The conflict has taken a heavy human toll. Thousands have died, and many more have been injured or displaced. The daily lives of Palestinians are affected by Israeli military occupation, with checkpoints, a separation barrier, and restrictions on movement. Israelis live with the fear of rocket attacks and suicide bombings.Attempts to resolve the conflict have involved bilateral negotiations, as well as efforts by international mediators, including the United States, the European Union, Russia, and the United Nations. However, deep divisions remain over key issues such as the status of Jerusalem, the right of return for Palestinian refugees, Israeli settlements, security concerns, and the borders of a future Palestinian state.The conflict is not just a local issue but has broader implications. It affects regional stability in the Middle East and has become a symbol of struggle against occupation and for national identity worldwide. It also raises important questions about international law, human rights, and the role of third parties in resolving disputes.In conclusion, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a multifaceted and deeply entrenched struggle with historical, religious, and political dimensions. It is a conflict with no easy solutions, but one that requires a continued search for a just and lasting peace that meets the legitimate aspirations and needs of both peoples.Disclaimer: This essay is a simplified overview of the complex Israeli-Palestinian conflict and does not cover all aspects or viewpoints. It is intended for educational purposes only. The conflict is a sensitive and evolving issue, and readers are encouraged to seek out additional sources for a more comprehensive understanding.。
2015年下半年11月CATTI三级笔译实务中译英第二篇-中美新型大国关系
2015年下半年11月CATTI三级笔译实务中译英第二篇：中美新型大国关系高斋翻译TransElegant 整理的CATTI和MTI备考资料外交部长王毅在美国布鲁金斯学会的演讲官方双语对照不冲突对抗，是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。
有研究显示，历史上大约有过15次新兴大国的崛起，其中有11次与既有大国之间发生了对抗和战争。
但现在的世界已今非昔比，中美之间乃至全球各国之间已是日趋紧密的利益共同体，对抗将是双输，战争没有出路。
不冲突、不对抗的宣示，就是要顺应全球化潮流，改变对中美关系的负面预期，解决两国之间的战略互不信，构建对中美关系前景的正面信心。
“No conflict or confrontation” is the prerequisite for the new model of major-country relations between us. According to some study of history, there have been about 15 cases of rise of emerging powers. In 11 cases, confrontation and war broke out between the emerging and the established powers. However, we now live in a different world. China and the United States and in fact all countries in the world are part of a community of shared interests. Countries are increasingly interconnected. Neither of us will benefit from confrontation. War will get us nowhere. “No conflict or confrontation” means that we need to follow the trend of globalization, reverse negative projections of China-US relations, address strategic distrust and build confidence in the future of China-US relations.相互尊重，是构建中美新型大国关系的基本原则。
中国和日本的战争英语作文
中国和日本的战争英语作文The war between China and Japan was a devastating conflict that had long-lasting effects on both countries. It was a time of intense rivalry and hostility, with both sides fiercely fighting for their own interests.In the midst of the war, the Chinese people displayed great resilience and determination. They fought bravely against the Japanese invaders, defending their homeland with unwavering patriotism. The Chinese army, though often outnumbered and outgunned, never backed down and continued to fight with all their might.On the other hand, the Japanese forces were relentless in their pursuit of victory. They employed advancedmilitary tactics and technology, which gave them a significant advantage on the battlefield. The Japanese soldiers were disciplined and highly skilled, making them a formidable opponent for the Chinese.The war brought immense suffering to both countries. Countless lives were lost, and cities were reduced to rubble. The Chinese and Japanese people experienced unimaginable hardships, enduring hunger, disease, and displacement. The war left scars that would take years to heal.Despite the devastation, the war also had profound political and social implications. It marked a turning point in China's history, leading to the rise of the Communist Party and ultimately the establishment of the People's Republic of China. In Japan, the war led to a reevaluation of their militaristic policies and a shift towards a more peaceful and democratic society.Today, China and Japan have moved past the war and have become important economic partners. The two countries have worked together to foster cooperation and maintain peace in the region. However, the memories of the war still linger, and tensions occasionally arise due to unresolvedhistorical issues.In conclusion, the war between China and Japan was a tragic chapter in their shared history. It was a time of immense suffering and loss, but it also shaped the trajectory of both countries. The war serves as a reminder of the importance of peace and cooperation, and the need to learn from the mistakes of the past.。
一个国家不能忘记历史的英语作文
一个国家不能忘记历史的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1A Country Must Never Forget Its HistoryHi there! My name is Maya and I'm 10 years old. Today, my teacher Mrs. Robinson asked us to write about why it's important for a country to remember its history. At first, I wasn't sure what to say, but then I started thinking about all the stories my grandparents have told me over the years. They've taught me so much about our family's past and the history of our country.My grandpa Bill was actually a soldier back in World War II. Can you imagine that? He was just a teenage boy, but he had to go fight in a huge war against some very bad people who wanted to take over the world. Grandpa has shared so many incredible stories with me about his time in the army – some are happy, some are sad, but they're all a part of our history.He's told me how he made some of his best friends during the war, but he's also had to explain what happened to friends who didn't make it home. It makes me really sad to think about all the people who lost their lives, but Grandpa says we have toremember them and honor their sacrifice. Otherwise, their suffering and deaths wouldn't mean anything.My grandma Sarah has stories from the home front too. She was just a little kid during WWII, but she remembers having to follow blackout rules at night, doing drills in case of air raids, and not being able to get certain foods because they were being rationed for the troops overseas. Even kids like her had to make sacrifices back then. It's hard to picture what that must have been like now.We've been learning about World War II in school this year too. It's one of the most significant events in our country's history – the whole world was involved in that terrible conflict. But we've also studied lots of other major moments, like when our country gained its independence, the civil rights movement, our industrial revolution, and more recent things like terrorist attacks and environmental disasters.The more I learn, the more I realize how much our history has shaped who we are today as a nation. All the struggles, battles, injustices, movements, breakthroughs, and everyday lives of people who came before us helped create the society we have now. We can't forget any part of that story because it's all important.If we ignored our history, we'd be pretty dumb and naive. We wouldn't understand why certain laws, traditions, and ways of life exist. We'd have no context for current events and issues either. Imagine being completely clueless about the reasons behind everything going on in your own country! That would be a mess.More importantly, if we forgot the lessons from history, we'd be doomed to repeat the same tragic mistakes over and over again. My grandparents have seen what hatred, oppression, and violence can lead to with their own eyes. They've witnessed the unspeakable consequences of turmoil, division and conflict. But they've also lived through times of positive change, justice and unity. We need to study the good and the bad so we can build a better, more peaceful future.That's why countries have memorials, museums, teachings in schools, and annual observances dedicated to remembering key historical events and figures. By honoring that shared history, we keep the meanings and messages from the past alive. We ensure those stories get passed down so we never take our freedom, rights and ways of life for granted.My grandparents won't be around forever, but the stories and life lessons they've gifted me about our country's history willalways stay with me. I feel so lucky to have a rich understanding of where we've come from as a nation. It makes me appreciate how far we've come and how much progress has been made over time. It also motivates me to keep learning, questioning the status quo, and striving to make the world an even better place.At the same time, studying history gives me a heavy dose of perspective. No matter how tough things might get sometimes, I remember that my grandparents and countless others before me overcame much bigger challenges and hardships. If they could keep going and create positive change against all odds, then I have no excuse to give up either!So in the end, I believe every country simply has to prioritize learning about its own history, no matter how complicated, flawed or painful some of those stories may be. Only by looking at the full, honest picture of the past can we understand the present and prepare for the future as an informed, unified society. We owe it to those who came before to carry their stories forward and build on the progress they fought so hard for.That's what I'll be striving for as I grow up – to uphold the legacy of my ancestors by remembering the history of my country, sharing it with others, and working to create an evenbrighter future for the next generation. We're all part of this ongoing, incredible story. By never forgetting where we've come from, we can keep marching forward towards a better tomorrow.篇2Why Countries Can't Forget Their HistoryHi there! My name is Sam and I'm going to tell you why I think it's really important that countries don't forget about their history. History might seem like a bunch of old stories about people who lived a long time ago, but it's actually way more important than that.Think about your own life for a second. All the things you've done, good and bad, make up your personal history. The fun times with your family, that time you got in trouble at school, your favorite birthday party - those are all part of your history. And that history helps shape who you are as a person today. It would be pretty weird if you just forgot all about those things that happened to you, right?Well, the same idea applies to entire countries too. A country's history includes all the major events, leaders, wars, achievements, and challenges that have happened within its borders over many, many years. It's the story of how that nationwas formed, how it grew and changed over time, and how it became the country it is today.Forgetting that history would be like a country losing a huge part of its identity and story. It's those experiences from the past, both good and bad, that help define what a country stands for and believes in now. The history gives context and meaning to things. Like why certain holidays are celebrated or why some cities look a certain way with old architecture mixed with new buildings.For example, think about the United States. A lot of really important events from its history like the American Revolution, the Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement - all of those shaped core American values like freedom, equality, and democracy that are still hugely important today. If Americans forgot about those major milestones from their past, a lot of the meaning and identity behind those values would be lost too.Or imagine another country like Egypt forgetting about its amazingly rich history going all the way back to the Ancient Egyptian era with the pharaohs, pyramids, and mythologies. All that culture, tradition, and heritage stemming from long ago is still such a huge part of Egyptian identity in the modern world. Letting all that history be erased would be terrible.Not only that, but studying history also helps countries learn important lessons to avoid repeating the same mistakes from the past. For instance, World War II was one of the most destructive global conflicts ever seen, with genocide, civilian casualties, and tremendous suffering for so many. By remembering those heartbreaking events and their causes, nations can hopefully prevent something so terrible from happening again in the future.History also preserves the stories and experiences of everyday people who came before us - what their lives were like, the struggles they went through, and the ways they succeeded against harsh circumstances. These personal tales give us a window into understanding the human experience across different time periods. They connect us to our roots and remind us how we got to where we are today. It would be really sad if all those rich stories just disappeared without a trace just because people didn't care about history anymore.Preserving the cultural heritage of a country through its historic sites, artifacts, legends and traditions is also so important. Ancient ruins, centuries-old masterpieces of art, and sacred places all provide an irreplaceable link to how people lived and expressed themselves in the past. Losing those physicalconnections would be losing precious parts of a nation's identity and where it came from. It's like saving mementos and old photos to always remember your family history.That's why I believe countries around the world have to make an effort to intentionally teach about their pasts through museums, books, holidays, and classroom lessons. Kids like me need to learn about where we came from so we can properly understand and appreciate our place in the bigger story still being written today. We can gain wisdom and perspective from the past to create a better present and future.So in conclusion, forgetting a country's history would be forgetting a huge part of what makes it special and unique as a nation. It loses meaning, identity, lessons, personal stories, cultural heritage, and so much more. Just like how you can't forget your own personal history as an individual, countries need to cherish their histories too. By remembering the past, we can better make sense of the present and shape the future we want to see.篇3A Country Must Not Forget Its HistoryHello, my name is Emma and I'm 10 years old. Today, I want to share my thoughts on why it's so important for a country to remember its history.Every night before bed, my dad reads me stories from this big book about the history of our country. At first, I didn't really like the history stories - I preferred fairy tales and stories with dragons and knights. But as I got older, I started to realize how fascinating and important our nation's history truly is.Our country, like every other country in the world, has gone through good times and bad times over the centuries. We've had periods of peace and prosperity, but also times of war, hardship, and injustice. By learning about both the bright and dark chapters of our past, we can better appreciate how far we've come and how hard our ancestors worked to build the nation we have today.For example, my dad told me about the long struggle for independence our country went through many years ago. The stories of how brave soldiers fought for freedom against an oppressive foreign ruler were so inspiring! And the heroic leaders and thinkers of that era who dreamed of self-governance - their words and ideals have shaped our society in such a profoundway. If we forgot those hard-fought battles and sacrifices of the past, we would take our liberty for granted.There are also darker moments in our history that remind us how important it is to stand up against injustice, cruelty and discrimination. Like when certain groups of our society were heavily mistreated and denied basic rights just because of their race, religion or gender. It's so wrong that such unfair things happened. But by remembering those shameful times and how people bravely stood up for equality, we can learn and make sure those mistakes are never repeated.Our past isn't just a bunch of old stories - it's the root and foundation of our modern society. Lots of our holidays, traditions, symbols, values and even place names come from important events and people way back in history. If we didn't learn where those things originated, they wouldn't have as much meaning or significance.For instance, every year we celebrate Victory Day to commemorate a major military triumph over our enemies in a big war from long ago. The names of parks, cities and monuments often honor heroic figures from the past who did great things for our nation. And the beliefs and principles our society is built on - ideas like freedom, justice and democracy -all can be traced back to philosophers, reformers and visionary leaders from centuries earlier. Cut off that connection to the past, and a lot of the richness gets lost.History also helps us develop a sense of pride for where we come from. When I read about iconic leaders who played huge roles in shaping our destiny as a country, or amazing inventors and explorers who made the world better with their breakthroughs, I feel really proud they came from our land. Remembering their accomplishments inspires me to work hard and make a positive contribution of my own someday.Of course, not everything in a nation's past is glorious. No country has a perfect record, and we've made mistakes that are ugly and regrettable. But instead of denying or covering those up, owning our history - both the good and the bad - makes us stronger. We can look at where we went wrong, feel sincere remorse, and commit to doing better. Those hard lessons shape us and push us to constantly improve as a society.For example, there was a really unfair and discriminatory policy in place a long time ago that violated the rights of a minority group in our country. It's an embarrassing stain on our history that should never have happened. But now we can reflect on that injustice, learn from it, and reinforce the values ofequality, tolerance and mutual respect in our modern society. Those mistakes and apologies make us wiser.Our country's heritage isn't just some schoolbook chapter we memorized and moved on from. It's a living, breathing part of our identity and values. The people, events, ideas and lessons of the past have shaped who we are as a nation today.When we forget or ignore our history, then we're closing ourselves off from the wisdom of those who came before us. Their struggles and accomplishments - both good and bad - have so much to teach us about striving for a better future. We can learn from their experiences instead of repeating the same mistakes over and over. As the saying goes, those who don't learn from history are doomed to repeat it.That's why I think it's absolutely crucial for every country and culture to cherish its history. Because the past doesn't just live in those old books and monuments - it lives within each of us. Our heritage as a people flows through our veins like a river. It connects us to our roots, helps us understand who we are, and gives us the wisdom to pursue an even brighter destiny.So the next time my dad opens up that big history book at storytime, I'll pay close attention! Because remembering where we came from as a nation isn't just learning some dry facts. It'sopening a doorway to the struggles, dreams and hard-earned lessons of our ancestors - everything that made us who and what we are today. And that's something no country can afford to forget.。
关于战争冲突的英文作文
关于战争冲突的英文作文War and conflict are devastating. Lives are lost, families are torn apart, and communities are destroyed.It's a brutal and senseless waste of human potential.The impact of war goes far beyond the battlefield. It affects the mental and emotional well-being of those involved, leaving scars that may never fully heal.The reasons for war are often complex and rooted in deep-seated historical, political, and social issues. It's not simply a matter of good versus evil, but a tangled web of competing interests and ideologies.In the midst of conflict, it can be easy to dehumanize the "enemy" and forget that they, too, are individuals with their own hopes, fears, and dreams. It's important to remember the human cost of war and strive for empathy and understanding.War breeds a cycle of violence and retaliation that can be difficult to break. It perpetuates a culture of fear and mistrust, making it harder to find peaceful resolutions to conflicts.The aftermath of war is often characterized by widespread suffering and displacement. Rebuilding shattered communities and restoring trust and stability can take decades, if not longer.The international community plays a crucial role in preventing and resolving conflicts. Diplomacy, aid, and peacekeeping efforts are essential in mitigating the impact of war and promoting lasting peace.。
俄乌冲突英文翻译作文
俄乌冲突英文翻译作文Title: The Escalating Conflict between Russia and Ukraine。
The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been a recurring issue in international relations, marked by territorial disputes, political tensions, and military confrontations. This ongoing conflict, often referred to as the Russo-Ukrainian War, has significant implications not only for the two countries involved but also for regional stability and global geopolitics.At the heart of the conflict lies the question of Crimea, a region with a predominantly ethnic Russian population that was historically part of Russia until it was transferred to Ukraine in 1954 by then-Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. The annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014, following a controversial referendum, sparked outrage in Ukraine and drew condemnation from the international community. Ukraine and many Western countries view theannexation as a violation of international law andUkraine's sovereignty.Since the annexation of Crimea, the conflict has escalated into a broader confrontation, with pro-Russian separatist movements emerging in eastern Ukraine,particularly in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. These separatist forces, allegedly supported by Russia, have been engaged in armed conflict with Ukrainian government forces, leading to a protracted and bloody conflict that hasclaimed thousands of lives and displaced millions of people.The Minsk agreements, brokered by France and Germany in 2014 and 2015, aimed to end the hostilities and facilitatea peaceful resolution to the conflict. However, the implementation of these agreements has been marred bycease-fire violations and lack of progress on key issues such as the withdrawal of heavy weaponry and therestoration of Ukrainian control over its eastern border.The conflict between Russia and Ukraine is not merely a bilateral issue; it has broader implications for regionalsecurity and international stability. The annexation of Crimea and the ongoing hostilities in eastern Ukraine have fueled tensions between Russia and NATO, with NATO increasing its military presence in Eastern Europe in response to what it perceives as Russian aggression.Moreover, the conflict has exacerbated divisions within Ukrainian society, with ethnic Russians and Russian-speaking Ukrainians in the east feeling marginalized and alienated from the central government in Kyiv. The rise of nationalism and far-right groups in Ukraine further complicates efforts to achieve reconciliation and national unity.Efforts to resolve the conflict through diplomatic means have been largely ineffective, as both sides remain entrenched in their positions and unwilling to compromise. The recent escalation of tensions, including a buildup of Russian troops near the Ukrainian border, has raised concerns about the possibility of a renewed military confrontation.In conclusion, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is a complex and multifaceted issue with deep historical roots and far-reaching implications. A peaceful resolution to the conflict remains elusive, and the prospect of further escalation poses a serious threat to regional stability and international security. It is imperative for the international community to redouble its efforts to facilitate dialogue and negotiation between the parties involved and work towards a sustainable and peaceful solution to this long-standing conflict.。
和平团结英文作文初中
和平团结英文作文初中Peace and unity are essential for a harmonious society. When people come together in peace and unity, they can achieve great things and overcome any challenges that come their way.Peace is the absence of conflict and the presence of harmony. It allows people to live together in a spirit of cooperation and mutual respect. When there is peace, thereis room for understanding and compromise, which are crucial for building strong relationships and communities.Unity, on the other hand, is the coming together of people from different backgrounds and beliefs for a common purpose. It is the recognition that despite our differences, we are all part of the same human family and that we can achieve more by working together than by working alone.In a world where there is so much division and conflict, it is more important than ever to promote peace and unity.By doing so, we can create a better future for ourselves and for the generations to come.Peace and unity are not just lofty ideals – they are essential for the survival of humanity. Without them, we are doomed to a future of conflict and suffering. But with them, we can build a world where everyone has the opportunity to thrive and live in harmony with one another.。
英语作文角色的矛盾
英语作文角色的矛盾The Complexity of Character Conflicts in English Literature.The essence of any narrative, whether it be a novel, a play, or a film, lies in the conflicts that drive the plot forward. These conflicts are often personified through the characters, who themselves undergo internal and external struggles that resonate deeply with the reader. English literature, rich in its history and diversity, has given us numerous examples of characters whose conflicts not only shape their own destinies but also reflect the complexities of human nature and society at large.The most fundamental type of conflict within a character is the internal struggle between their desires, beliefs, and moral compasses. This is often seen in the form of a tragic hero, a figure who possesses noble qualities but is doomed to failure because of a fatal flaw or weakness. Shakespeare's Hamlet is a prime example. Asthe prince struggles with the moral and emotional dilemmas presented by his father's ghost, he is torn between duty, love, and vengeance. His internal conflict is further compounded by the expectations of his kingly role and the love he feels for Ophelia, leading to a tragic end that resonates with readers across centuries.External conflicts, on the other hand, often manifest as conflicts between characters or as a character's struggle against external forces such as society, fate, or nature. Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" offers a经典案例. Elizabeth Bennet, a strong-willed and intelligent young woman, finds herself constantly at odds with the societal norms and expectations of her time. Her conflict with Mr. Darcy, initially rooted in pride and prejudice, evolvesinto a deeper understanding of each other as they overcome their own biases and society's constraints.Moreover, characters' conflicts often intersect and overlap, creating a complex web of interpersonal relationships and societal pressures. Charles Dickens' "A Tale of Two Cities" is a testament to this, where thepersonal struggles of Sydney Carton and Charles Darnay are intertwined with the larger historical conflicts of the French Revolution. Carton's self-sacrificing love for his friend and Darnay's struggle against injustice form the emotional core of the novel, reflecting the larger themes of revolution, freedom, and牺牲.In contemporary literature, characters' conflicts have become increasingly nuanced and complex. Works such as George Orwell's "1984" and Margaret Atwood's "The Handmaid's Tale" explore dystopian futures wherecharacters' freedoms and identities are stripped away by totalitarian governments. In these novels, the characters' conflicts are not just personal but also political, as they struggle to maintain their humanity in a world gone mad.The resolution of these conflicts, whether happy or tragic, often depends on the choices the characters make and the lessons they learn. The process of conflict resolution, whether it be through acceptance, transformation, or rebellion, is what makes a character's journey compelling and relatable.In conclusion, the conflicts within characters are not just plot devices; they are the lifeblood of any narrative. They reflect our own inner struggles, the choices we make, and the consequences those choices have. Through the conflicts of their characters, English literature has given us a mirror to see our own selves more clearly and a compass to navigate the complexities of human existence.。
中国历史战争英语作文
中国历史战争英语作文The Battle of Red Cliffs was a crucial turning point in the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. It was a naval battle fought between the forces of the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei against the powerful warlord Cao Cao. The allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei managed to defeat Cao Cao's much larger navy, effectively preventing him from conquering the southern territories of China.The Taiping Rebellion, which lasted from 1850 to 1864, was one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. It was a massive civil war in southern China fought between the ruling Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The rebellion resulted in the deaths of an estimated 20-30 million people, making it one of the bloodiest conflicts in history.The Second Sino-Japanese War, which lasted from 1937 to 1945, was a major theater of World War II. It was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan, andresulted in widespread destruction and loss of life. The war had a profound impact on Chinese society and politics, and ultimately led to the rise of the Communist Party and the establishment of the People's Republic of China.The Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953, was a significant conflict in Chinese history. It was fought between North Korea, supported by China and the Soviet Union, and South Korea, supported by the United Nations and the United States. The war resulted in a stalemate and the division of Korea into North and South, which continues to have repercussions in East Asian geopolitics to this day.The Sino-Indian War of 1962 was a brief but intense border conflict between China and India. The war was fought over disputed territory in the Himalayas, and resulted in a decisive victory for China. The conflict had a lasting impact on Sino-Indian relations and the geopolitics of the region.。
介绍中国传统故事的英语作文初三
介绍中国传统故事的英语作文初三China is a country with a rich cultural heritage that has been passed down through generations. One of the most captivating aspects of this heritage is the abundance of traditional stories that have enchanted people for centuries. These stories, often rooted in ancient folklore and mythology, offer a glimpse into the beliefs, values, and customs of the Chinese people. As an introduction to this captivating literary tradition, this essay will explore several renowned traditional Chinese stories and their significance.One of the most well-known traditional Chinese stories is the tale of the Monkey King, also known as Sun Wukong. This legendary figure is the protagonist of the classic novel "Journey to the West," which follows his adventures as he accompanies the Buddhist monk Xuanzang on a perilous pilgrimage to India. The Monkey King is a powerful and mischievous character who possesses extraordinary abilities, including the power to transform himself and the capacity to travel great distances with a single somersault. The story of the Monkey King is a rich tapestry of adventure, humor, and philosophical themes, offering insights into Chinese mythology,spirituality, and the importance of perseverance and self-discovery.Another iconic traditional Chinese story is the tale of the White Snake, a legend that has been retold in various forms over the centuries. The story centers around a beautiful woman named Bai Suzhen, who is actually a powerful white snake spirit that falls in love with a young scholar named Xu Xian. Their forbidden love is challenged by a Buddhist monk named Fahai, who seeks to separate the couple and expose Bai Suzhen's true nature. The White Snake story explores themes of love, deception, and the conflict between the human and supernatural worlds, and has been adapted into numerous plays, films, and operas.One of the most enduring traditional Chinese stories is the tale of the Butterfly Lovers, also known as the Chinese Romeo and Juliet. This tragic love story follows the doomed romance between Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, two star-crossed lovers who are prevented from being together due to societal constraints and the disapproval of their families. The story culminates in a heartbreaking ending where the two lovers are transformed into a pair of butterflies, forever intertwined in their eternal love. The Butterfly Lovers tale is a poignant exploration of the power of love, the challenges of social class divisions, and the idea of soulmates transcending the boundaries of life and death.Another captivating traditional Chinese story is the Legend of the White Deer. This tale revolves around a young scholar named Xu Xuan, who encounters a beautiful white deer in the mountains and is captivated by its grace and elegance. Unbeknownst to Xu Xuan, the white deer is actually a celestial being in disguise, and their chance encounter leads to a complex and mystical relationship. The Legend of the White Deer delves into the themes of the natural world, the spiritual realm, and the blurred lines between reality and the supernatural.These are just a few examples of the rich tapestry of traditional Chinese stories that have captivated audiences for generations. Each of these tales offers a unique perspective on Chinese culture, mythology, and the human experience, showcasing the depth and complexity of this literary tradition. Through the exploration of these stories, we can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the enduring spirit and wisdom of the Chinese people.Beyond their entertainment value, these traditional Chinese stories also serve as valuable repositories of cultural knowledge and moral lessons. Many of these tales incorporate elements of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, reflecting the diverse philosophical and spiritual influences that have shaped Chinese society. The stories often emphasize virtues such as loyalty, filial piety, and the pursuit of harmony, providing readers with moral guidance and a glimpse intothe values that have long been cherished in Chinese culture.Moreover, these traditional stories have had a profound impact on the development of Chinese literature, art, and even modern media. Many of the characters and plotlines from these tales have been adapted and reimagined in various forms, from classical Chinese opera to contemporary films and television dramas. The enduring popularity and widespread influence of these stories testify to their enduring relevance and the deep connection they hold with the Chinese people.In conclusion, traditional Chinese stories are a rich and captivating aspect of the country's cultural heritage. From the epic adventures of the Monkey King to the tragic love stories of the Butterfly Lovers, these tales offer a window into the beliefs, values, and imagination of the Chinese people. By exploring these stories, we can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the depth and complexity of Chinese culture, and the timeless wisdom and artistry that it has to offer. As these stories continue to be passed down and reinterpreted, they will undoubtedly continue to inspire and enchant audiences for generations to come.。
The Chinese Civil War The Struggle for Power
The Chinese Civil War The Struggle for Power The Chinese Civil War was a long and bloody conflict that lasted from 1927 to 1949. It was fought between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Party, also known as the Kuomintang (KMT). The war was a struggle for power, as both sides sought to establish control over China and its people. The conflict had far-reaching consequences for China and the world, shaping the country's political and social landscape for decades to come.The roots of the Chinese Civil War can be traced back to the early 20th century, when the Qing Dynasty was overthrown and a new republic was established. The KMT, led by Sun Yat-sen, played a key role in the revolution and became the ruling party. However, the KMT was plagued by corruption and internal divisions, and struggled to maintain control over the country. In 1927, the KMT launched a campaign to eliminate the CCP, which it saw as a threat to its power. This marked the beginning of the Chinese Civil War.The early years of the conflict were marked by intense fighting and brutal tactics on both sides. The KMT had the advantage of superior military resources, but the CCP was able to gain support among the rural population by promising land reform and other social reforms. The CCP also had the advantage of a highly effective guerrilla warfare strategy, which allowed it to evade KMT forces and launch surprise attacks.As the war dragged on, both sides received support from foreign powers. The KMT was backed by the United States, which saw it as a bulwark against communism in Asia. The CCP, on the other hand, received support from the Soviet Union, which saw it as a potential ally in the global struggle against capitalism. The foreign support only intensified the conflict, as both sides were emboldened by their backers and unwilling to compromise.The turning point in the war came in 1945, when Japan surrendered and withdrew from China. The KMT, which had been fighting the Japanese alongside the CCP, saw this as an opportunity to regain control over the country. However, the CCP had gained significant support during the war and was able to launch a successful offensive against the KMT. By 1949, the CCP had established control over most of China, and the KMT fled to Taiwan.The Chinese Civil War had far-reaching consequences for China and the world. The victory of the CCP led to the establishment of the People's Republic of China, which remains a major global power to this day. The war also had a profound impact on Chinese society, as the CCP implemented sweeping social and economic reforms that transformed the country. However, the war also had a dark side, as both sides engaged in brutal tactics and committed atrocities against civilians.In conclusion, the Chinese Civil War was a long and bloody conflict that had far-reaching consequences for China and the world. It was a struggle for power between the CCP and the KMT, fought with brutal tactics and foreign support. The victory of the CCP led to the establishment of the People's Republic of China and the transformation of Chinese society, but also had a dark side marked by atrocities and human suffering. The legacy of the Chinese Civil War continues to shape China and its place in the world today.。
外贸商务谈判对话
外贸商务谈判对话随着经济全球化的时代来临，英语是全球通用的语言，作为当代青年我们必须掌握，这样我们才能在国际化的道路上畅游，在国际性的商务谈判中，英语是我们沟通的桥梁，是必不可少的技能之一，下面店铺整理了外贸商务谈判对话，供你阅读参考。
外贸商务谈判对话：情景对话Chapter 18Friendly Helpful Lawyers友善助人的律师Tom:Hi,Pam. Thanks for coming.Pam:Hi,Tom.It's good to see you again.Tom:Have a seat and let's get right to it.Pam:Okay,shoot!Tom:I've never used you.....(For Your Information 背景介绍)This book has information about layers and their priorites. It covers how they look out forthemselves and their clients, why they say there's no conflict of interest, and how nostone is left unturned for client, regardless of cost. The attorney is tireless in checkingevery angle. This is basically because they are paid by the hour. The more time they spendon the case, the more they get paid.这本书谈到律师和他们处理事情的轻重缓急态度，也谈到他们如何善于维护自身和客户的利益，以及他们会不惜成本，强说事情没有利益冲突，或坚称客户的情况会很顺利的原因。
中国战争时期的英语故事
中国战争时期的英语故事Hungry for raw materials and pressed by a growing population , Japan initiated the seizure of Manchuria in September 1931 and e stablished ex- Qing emperor Puyi as head of the puppet regime of Manchukuo in 1932.The loss of Manchuria, and its vast potential for industrial deve lopment and war industries, was a blow to the Nationalist econom y.The League of Nations, established at the end of World War I, was unable to act in the face of the Japanese defiance.The Japanes e began to push from south of the Great Wail into northern China and into the coastal provinces.Chinese fury against Japan was predictable, but anger was also directed against the Guomindang government, which at the time was more preoccupied with anti-Communist extermination campaigns than with resisting the Japan ese invaders.The importance of “internal unity before external danger” was forcefully brought home in December 1936, when Nationalist tr oops (who had been ousted from Manchuria by the Japanese) muti nied at Xi’an.The mutineers forcibly detained Chiang Kai-shek for several days until he agreed to cease hostilities against the Communist forces in northwest China and to assign Communist u nits combat duties in designated anti-Japanese front areas.The Chinese resistance stiffened after July 7,1937, when a clash occurred between Chinese and Japanese troops outside Beijing (then renamed Beiping ) near the Marco Polo Bridg e.This skirmish not only marked the beginning of open, though undeclared, war between China and Japan but also hastened the fo rmal announcement of the second Guomindang-CCP united front against Japan.The collaboration took place with salutary effects for the belea guered CCP.The distrust between the two parties, however, was scarcely vei led.The uneasy alliance began to break down after late 1938, despi te Japan’s steady territorial gains in northern China, the coastal re gions, and the rich Chang Jiang Valley in central China.After 1940, conflicts between the Nationalists and Communists became more frequent in the areas not under Japanese control.The Communists expanded their influence wherever opportuni ties presented themselves through mass organizations, administrat ive reforms, and the land- and tax-reform measures favoring the peasants while the Nationalists atte mpted to neutralize the spread of Communist influence.At Yan’an and elsewhere in the “liberated areas”, Mao was able to adapt Marxism-Leninism to Chinese conditions.He taught party cadres to lead the masses by living and workin g with them, eating their food, and thinking their thoughts.The Red Army fostered an image of conducting guerrilla warfa re in defense of the people.Communist troops adapted to changing wartime conditions an d became a seasoned fighting force.Mao also began preparing for the establishment of a new China.In 1940 he outlined the program of the Chinese Communists f or an eventual seizure of power.His teachings became the central t enets of the CCP doctrine that came to be formalized as Mao Zedo ng Thought.With skillful organizational and propaganda work, the Commu nists increased party membership from 100000 in 1937 to 1.2 million by 1945.In 1945 China emerged from the war nominally a great military power but actually a nation economically prostrate and on the ver ge of all-out civil war.The economy deteriorated, sapped by the military demands of foreign war and internal strife, by spiraling inflation, and by Nation alist profiteering, speculation, and hoarding.Starvation came in the wake of the war, and millions were rend ered homeless by floods and the unsettled conditions in many part s of the country.The situation was further complicated by an Allied agreement at the Yalta Conference in February 1945 that brought Soviet troops into Manchuria to hasten the termination of war against Japan.Although the Chinese had not been present at Yalta, they had been consulted； they had agreed to have the Soviets enter the wa r in the belief that the Soviet Union would deal only with the Natio nalist government.After the war, the Soviet Union, as part of the Yalta agreement s allowing a Soviet sphere of influence in Manchuria, dismantled and removed more than half the industrial equipment left there by the Japanese.The Soviet presence in northeast China enabled the Communis ts to move in long enough to arm themselves with the equipment surrendered by the withdrawing Japanese army.The problems of rehabilitating the formerly Japanese-occupied areas and of reconstructing the nation from the ravages of a protracted war were staggering, to say the least.。
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Are China and the US Doomed to Conflict?
陆克文，原名凯文·迈克尔·拉德（Kevin Michael Rudd），1957年9月21日出生于澳大利亚昆士兰州楠伯镇，毕业于澳大利亚国立大学，第26任澳大利亚总理及澳大利亚工党前领袖。
2007年12月至2010年6月出任澳大利亚总理，2010年9月至2012年2月任澳大利亚外交部长。
2012年2月27日之后，陆克文只保留澳大利亚国会后排议员的公职。
2013年6月26日，再次当选澳大利亚执政工党党魁，再度出任澳大利亚总理。
2013年9月7日在澳大利亚联邦大选中，败于澳大利亚自由党党首托尼·阿博特，阿博特当选澳大利亚第28位总理。
2013年11月13日，陆克文宣布退出澳大利亚政界。
2014年初，陆克文离开澳大利亚，移居美国并担任哈佛大学肯尼迪政治学院拜尔佛中心国际关系学研究员。
同年10月，他成为美国亚洲协会的首任主席。
2015年11月8日，陆克文在北京嘉里中心接受了阳光保险集团董事长张维功的聘书，担任阳光大学名誉校长。