研究生GET1 2002-6

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 minutes, 15 points )Section A (1 point each)1. A. A taxi driver and a passenger.B. A policeman and a driver.C. A judge and a criminal.D. A coach and an athlete.2. A. He doesn't want to be busy.B. He likes staying up late.C. He is not interested in his job.D. He doesn't have enough time to sleep.3. A. They are a waste of time.B. They don't deal with social problems.C. They can reflect people's real life.D. They attract honest listeners.4. A. It has been completed.B. It has been delayed.C. It has just started.D. It is well under way.5. A. Going to a theater.B. Going to a game.C. Listening to radio programsD. Watching TV programs.6. A. 2:30 B. 3:30 C. 4:30 D. 5:307. A. Dave is talkative to strangers.B. Dave likes having pizza parties.C. Dave is sociable and friendly.D. Dave is too absorbed in his project.8. A. Because she doesn't like the taste of it.B. Because she can't sleep well after drinking it.C. Because she has some heart trouble.D. Because she doesn't believe what the article says.9. A. It is fun with exciting activities.B. It is miserable with pressures.C. It is interesting but challenging.D. It is full of anxiety.Section B (1 point each)10. A. They know where snow will fall.B. They can estimate how much snow will fall.C. They sometimes cannot forecast snow accurately.D. They think snow is a difficult subject to study.11. A. The water particles in cold clouds.B. The tiny ice particles in the flakes.C. The dust in the center of the flakes.D. The temperature and water levels in the air.12. A. It has as much water as 2.5 centimeters of rain.B. It has as much water as 1.5 centimeters of rain.C. It has as much water as 2 centimeters of rain.D. It has as much water as 5 centimeters of rain.13. A. A new study on lying.B. The physical signals when people lie.C. How to detect a person who is lying.D. A new device to detect a liar.14. A. People change their behaviors when they lie.B. People have some special gestures when they lie.C. People's pupils have some changes when they lie.D. People have more blood around their eyes when they lie.15. A. 12 out of 20 B. 11 out of l2.C. 7 out of 10.D. 6 out of 8.PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A (0.5point each )16. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.A. revealB. underlineC. improveD. integrate17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.A. justiceB. biasC. participationD. regionalism18. The sale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.A. consideredB. stipulatedC. raisedD. stimulated19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.A. set foot onB. lose their heart toC. set their mind onD. get hold of20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.A. approximatelyB. exactlyC. less thanD. more than21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.A. pulled outB. pulled inC. pulled downD. pulled up22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.A. observeB. memorizeC. commentD. request23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the human brain.A. likenessB. relationC. contradictionD. difference24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in some aspects.A. practicallyB. wonderfullyC. beneficiallyD. seemingly25. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.A. so-calledB. well-knownC. esteemedD. undoubtedSection B (0.5 point each)26. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig's genetic______.A. reservoirB. warehouseC. poolD. storehouse27. The chairman said that he was prepared to _____ the younger people in the decision making.A. put up withB. make way forC. shed light onD. take charge of28. Tom is angry at Linda because she _____ him _____ all the time.A. sets...upB. puts...downC. runs...outD. drops...in29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a _______ characteristic of intelligence.A. definingB. decliningC. defeatingD. deceiving30. Our picnic having been _____ by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it cleared up.A. destroyedB. underminedC. spoiltD. contaminated31. I was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of ______were pretty ordinary.A. despisedB. resentedC. worshippedD. ridiculed32. One of the main purposes of using slang is to consolidate one's _______ with a group.A. specificationB. unificationC. notificationD. identification33. The _____ from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.A. brain damageB. brain trustC. brain feverD. brain drain34. This matter settled, we decided to ______ to the next item on the agenda.A. succeedB. exceedC. proceedD. precede35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often _____ you for being a good conversationalist.A. complementB. complimentC. compelD. complainPart Ill CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to 37.Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been 39 360,000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools.Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed 41 . Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42 basketball player earned $3.9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to 43 their products.There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses, and trucks. They decorate the inside of taxis and subways---even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevators--and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail.47 Insider's Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated 48 of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $411.6 billion for 1.997 and a projected $434.4 billion for 1998. Big money!What is the effect of all of this? One analyst 50 it this way: "Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images, values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior."36 . A.lonelyB.alone C.singly D.individually37 . A.commerce B.consumersC.commercialsD.commodities38 . A.throughB.up C.in D.about39 . A.taken toB.spent in C.expectedofD.exposed to40 . A.incidentsB.affairs C.events D.programs41A flashes B billboards C attractions D messages. . . . .42 . A.top-heavyB.top-talentedC.top-secret D.top-ranking43 . A.improveB.promote C.urge D.update44 . A.AudioB.Studio C.Oral D.Video45 . A.sinceB.while C.even D.if46 . A.toss outB.lay down C.blow out D.breakdown47 . A.It is saidthatB.ApartfromC.AccordingtoD.Includingin48 . A.digitB.amount C.account D.budget49 . A.raisedB.elevated C.roared D.soared50 . A.saidB.recorded C.told D.putPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneFor decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.Historian John Keegan writes: "Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945, killed no one. The 50,000,000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train."Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that are poor--too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems. Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is approximately the cost of a single modem jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and maintain. A child often can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars' worth of small arms and light weapons, not with money, but with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. !t is not unusual for criminal organizations to use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.51. It is implied in the passage that__________.A. small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-controlB. the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreementC. the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminishedD. nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because __________.A. They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorismB. They have no such problems as are caused by small weaponsC. They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in timeD. They face other more important problems such as pollution53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?A. Small arms are cheap.B. Small arms are powerful.C. Small arms are easier to use.D. Small arms are easier to get.54. We can conclude from the passage that____________.A. small arms are not expensive in the black-marketB. it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamondC. criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small armsD. where there are drugs, there are small arms55. The best title for this passage is___________.A. Small Arms Talks, Not Nuclear Arms TalksB. Neglect of Small Arms ControlC. Global Traffic in Small ArmsD. Small Arms, Big ProblemsPassage TwoIn order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What has been a consequence?Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to using other methods of medical treatment.In places where modem, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies. "The Berlin Wall that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling," said Consumer Reports of May 2000.The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) observed, "Alternative medical therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in medical schools nor generally available in US hospitals, have attracted increased national attention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public."In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on alternative medicine, including Harvard, Stanford, University of Arizona, and Yale.JAMA noted, "Now an estimated 3 in 5 individuals seeing a medical doctor for a principal condition also used an alternative therapy. And outside the United States, alternative medicine is popular throughout the industrialized world."The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded, "There are no longer two types of medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine."56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies________________.A. pay doctors for prescribing their drugsB. have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent yearsC. spend more money on their advertisements than on their productsD. have produced some ineffective drugs57. The sentence" The Berlin Wall ...appears to be crumbling" in the third paragraph implies that______.A. the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolishedB. there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugsC. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparableD. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies58. According to the passage, alternative therapies __________.A. are widely taught in the US medical schools nowB. have been approved by US governmentC. have been used by many American patientsD. are as popular as conventional medicine59. JAMA seems to suggest that _____________.A. US government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapiesB. a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patientsC. pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapiesD. conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands60. It is implied in the passage that ___________.A. we should take as little western medicine as possibleB. the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reducedC. herbal medicine will be accepted by more AmericansD. without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not be guaranteedPassage ThreeOur Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting life, scientists announced last week.The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.Solar systems such as Earth's, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered. Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets. Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded them with hypothetical Earths in "Goldilocks zone" orbits, where it is neither too hot nor too cold to support life.The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its temperate orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely to survive.The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris--one is two and half times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and brighter than the sun."It's certainly a system worth exploring for an Earth-like planet and for life," said Jones. The requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in a liquid state.NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planets.61. It is suggested in this passage that _____________.A. scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our galaxyB. theoretically there are a great number of Earth-like planets capable of supporting lifeC. our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support lifeD. with more powerful telescopes, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe62. The "Goldilocks zone" mentioned in the 5th paragraph most probably means _____________.A. a certain fixed distance between a planet and sunB. a range in the universe in which the planets' temperature is suitable for lifeC. a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlightD. a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system63. Barrie Jones and Nick Sleep have found_____________.A. 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sunB. many planets' atmosphere has the same composition as JupiterC .the ways to tell which solar system may have Earth-like planetsD. a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is_____________.A. in the group of stars known as Great BearB. 2.5 times as big as JupiterC. smaller than our systemD. impossible for us to reach at present time.65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that it must have ___.A. enough water and proper temperatureB. enough oxygen and hydrogenC. enough air and sunlightD. enough water in any statePassage FourHaving abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices, Vice President AI Gore has another idea to get people out of their cars: Spend billions on mass transitm$25 billion to be exact. Last week, Gore unveiled his "Keep America Moving" initiative, which will spend $25 billion on upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore's self-proclaimed "new way of thinking" all that's necessary to reduce traffic congestion is to "give people a choice."The federal government has been trying to "give people a choice" for decades to little effect. Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don't do much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the taxpayers paid for the planned transit systems, Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass transit can be. Yet Portland's experience is more ~ than exemplary, model. Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland's Metro has been a multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro's own figures, the light-rail system is doing little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus. Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $62 per round trip. Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of the cost, but they wouldn't attract the same volume of federal funds.66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems ___________.A. are characterized by low consumption of gasolineB. have contributed little to the improvement of the trafficC. aim at monitoring the public trafficD. are financially profitable67. What does the author say about the federal government?A. It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.B. It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.C. Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.D. It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.68. What is said about Americans' attitude toward the transit systems?A. They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.B. They think driving their own cars is more convenient.C. They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.D. They think there should be more choices in transportation.69. In the third paragraph, the underlined expression "cautionary tale" most probably means _______.A. an incredible storyB. an untrue storyC. a story giving a warningD. a story teaching a moral lesson70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to?A. In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.B. The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic congestion.C. The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light-rail system.D. The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.Passage FiveIn all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities of procedure and behavior; but at bottom these rest upon more fundamental patterns of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern, government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society's sole purpose is to achieve a bare survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of economic arrangements.71. Many people think government and business arc "enemies" because __________.A. the struggle between the two panics has always existedB. they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countriesC. they believe that government can do better than business in economic activitiesD. the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end72. The third paragraph mainly discusses _______________.A. how government and business depend on each otherB. why social order is important to business activitiesC. why it is necessary for business to rely on governmentD. how business can develop and maintain order73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?A. They mostly aim at helping people to survive.B. They can be conducted as well as those by business.C. They are the ones that business cannot do well.D. They are comparatively modern phenomena.74. We can conclude from the passage that ___________.A. it is difficult for government and business to have good relationsB. it is difficult to study the relations between government and businessC. government should dominate economic activitiesD. government and business should not oppose each otherPassage SixStanding up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it's got to be done, but the price can be high.Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive. So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks, Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car industries. The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one thing in common--they fought powerful vested interests (既得利益者 ) with scientific data that those interests wished would go away.Commercial companies are not, of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments have a habit of backing the ideas of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version: scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.For example, Alfred Wegener's idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. This idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s, when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for his controversial suggestion that infectious diseases such as BSE (疯牛病) were caused by a protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally, in 1997, he received a Nobel Prize for his idea.Western science has always thrived on individualism--one person's ambition to topple a theory. So independence of thought is crucial. But this applies not only for scientists, but also their institutions.With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university research--perhaps it's time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research. Overcoming scientists' inertia will be much more difficult.Yet we cannot afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and premature death.75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that ______________.A. individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectivesB. personality plays a crucial role in the advances of scienceC. originality of thinking is the key to the advances of scienceD. the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements76. Jeffrey Wigand's idea about the nature of cigarette _________.A. was similar to that of the tobacco companyB. sounded ridiculous to the general pubicC. was reached purely out of personal interestsD. should be regarded as scientifically true77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because ____________.A. his idea could lead to a financial loss for the companyB. he had been eager to defeat his companyC. his idea was scientifically invalidD. he had long been an enemy of the company78. The underlined phrase "plate tectonics" in the 5th paragraph probably refers to ____________.A. the Study of the structure of the earth。