虚拟条件句与高考
高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气考情分析
高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气考情分析情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定，每年总有一至两个题，可以单独考查，也可以结合虚拟语气考查。
命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握，难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。
其考点主要包括：1.考查情态动词的基本用法。
如：can 和could 的用法及区别；will 和would 的用法及区别；must 的用法；shall 用于不同人称时的用法和should 的各种用法；need 的用法等。
2.考查情态动词的“推测”功能。
如：can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：(1)注意语气。
语气较强用must, cannot，couldn't; 语气较弱用may，might 或can，could; (2)注意句式。
在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could; (3)注意时态。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行体”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成体”结构。
3.考查情态动词的特殊用法。
如：(1)cannot/can't 与too/over/enough/perfectly/sufficiently 等词连用，意为“ 越…… 越……”“ 无论怎样……，……也不为过”“决不会……，……够(过)”。
(2)cannot wait to do sth 意为“急于做某事”。
(3)would 和used to 的区别；can 和be able to 的区别。
(4)“may/might well＋动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”；“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是……的好”。
(5)must 意为“偏要，硬要”；can 用在肯定句中，可以表示客观上的可能性；shall 用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等；should 表示估计或推测上的“应该”，意为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”；will 可以表示习惯性和倾向性，意为“惯于，老是，终归是”等。
高考英语虚拟语气历年考点分析
高考英语虚拟语气历年考点分析情态动词和虚拟语气历年典型题训练虚拟语气在高考中考的频率不高，主要考查以下5个方面:考点一、含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气考点二、虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况考点三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气考点四、混合虚拟条件句（错综虚拟条件句）考点五、含蓄条件句考点精讲考点一、含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气（1）若与现在事实相反从句形式为：If+主语+动词过去式（be动词一般为were）主句形式为：主语+would/should/could/might +v.If he came here, he would/should/could/might help me.（2）若与过去事实相反从句形式为：If+主语+had+ done主句形式为：主语+would/should/could/might+ have+doneIf you had come here yesterday, you would/should/could/might have seen the expert.3）若与将来事实相反从句形式为：If+ 主语+ 动词过去式should + v.were to + v.主句形式为：主语+would/should/could/might + v.If he met me, he would/should/could/might be very happy.If you should come here, you would/should/could/might meet many classmates.If we were to do that, we would/should/could/might make good preparation.高考真题1：It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(2002上海)A．wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall考点二、虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况注意：在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有动词were, should或had，有时可以省略连词if，而把这三个词放在主语之前，变成倒装句。
英语高考冲刺系列语法复习之考点七虚拟语气有讲解,有填空
英语高考冲刺核心语法复习考点七虚拟语气1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法规则1：与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were)，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
规则2：与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时had done，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might＋have done”。
如：If I had done it in time,I should have had a good time.如果我及时做的话，我本该玩得很好。
(当时没能及时做)规则3：与将来事实相反，从句谓语用should do/were to do或一般过去时，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might ＋动词原形”。
如：If it were to rain tomorrow,I should not drive my car.如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。
(明天的情况还不知道)规则4：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。
规则5：错综条件句：当条件从句的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据其所表示的时间做出相应的调整，这就是所谓的错综条件下的虚拟语气。
如：If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在他们就能容易地解决这个问题了。
If he had not taken my advice,he wouldn't do it much better like this.如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会像这样做得好多了。
规则6：虚拟语气的倒装：在条件句中，如果有were,had,should等，可省略if，把were,had,should等提到从句主语之前。
如：If he were to come,I would join him in the discussion.＝Were he to come,I would join him in the discussion.如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解10---虚拟语气(解析版)
引导的让步和方式状语从 as if/though
He looks as if he were an artist.
句
He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.
in order that, so that, in case, for fear that
提前，即 故填 were/should/had
Were/Should/Had I..., Were
4. have fallen 解析：句意：要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从 2005 年的 最高值降下来。从句“Had...not worked together”是对过去情况的假设，所以主句谓语要用 wouldn't have done.
necessary, natural, strange, important,
等 用 于 句 型 surprising, vital
“It
中， 引导的主语从 is+adj.+that...” that
句中谓语动词常用“（should)do”形式
It is necessary that he(should)sort out the information for my reference.
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解 专题十 虚拟语气
一．虚拟语气在 if 非真实条件句中的应用
虚拟条件从句(if)
主句
与现在事实相反的 主语+did/were
假设
与过去事实相反的 主语+had done
假设
与将来事实相反的 主语+ 1.did/were
假设
2.should do
高考英语必考虚拟语气考点来，你都会吗？
高考英语必考虚拟语气考点来，你都会吗？虚拟语气又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小（动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等）。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（常出题点）（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设：条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If she had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反:条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反: 条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should/were to/did + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
如:If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.If it should rain, the crops could be saved.If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way.Note: 三种变化形式1.错综条件句：虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。
高中英语高考语法知识整理复习(虚拟语气+倒装句)
高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+ had + done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她（事实：去晚了）。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：不可能来）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。
高考虚拟语气用法归纳
高考虚拟语气用法归纳咱先来说说这虚拟语气啊，对于要高考的同学们来说，那可真是个有点头疼但又特别重要的知识点。
虚拟语气这玩意儿，简单来说，就是假设一些不太真实或者没发生的情况。
比如说，“要是我当时好好学习，现在就不会这么发愁了”，这就是一种虚拟语气的表达。
咱们先瞅瞅条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。
要是与现在事实相反，从句就得用“if ＋主语＋动词过去式（be 动词用 were）”，主句呢，就得用“主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
就像有个同学跟我抱怨，说：“老师，要是我现在有超能力，一下子就能记住所有单词，那英语考试就不愁啦！”这就是假设了一个现在不可能有的情况。
再说说与过去事实相反的情况。
从句得是“if ＋主语＋ had ＋过去分词”，主句就得变成“主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋ have ＋过去分词”。
我记得有一次，一个同学考完试后懊悔地说：“哎呀，要是我考试前多做几道数学题，这次就不会错那么多了！”这就是在后悔过去没做的事儿。
还有和将来事实相反的，从句可以是“if ＋主语＋ were to ＋动词原形；if ＋主语＋ should ＋动词原形”，主句依然是“主语＋would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
想象一下，有同学说：“要是明天世界末日，今天我就啥也不学，尽情玩！”虽然这事儿不太可能，但就是这种假设的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在宾语从句里也有讲究。
比如说，wish 后的宾语从句，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用 would/could ＋动词原形。
我曾经听到一个同学许愿说：“真希望我现在是个学霸，啥题都会做！”这就是典型的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气表达。
还有在主语从句中，“It is ＋形容词（或过去分词）＋that”结构中，如果形容词或过去分词表示“建议、要求、命令”等，从句的谓语动词要用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
高考语法虚拟语气
高考语法虚拟语气虚拟语气在高考语法考试中占据很重要的位置。
虚拟语气是用来表示非真实的、不确定的、假设的情况，或表达愿望、建议、命令等的语气。
下面我将详细介绍虚拟语气的各种形式及其用法。
一、虚拟语气的情态动词虚拟语气通常由情态动词来表示，包括：1. should + 动词原形，可以表示建议或命令。
2. would + 动词原形，可以表示请求或愿望。
3. could + 动词原形，可以表示能力、请求或愿望。
4. might + 动词原形，可以表示可能性。
5. had + 过去分词，可以表示对过去情况的假设。
6. were + 动词原形，多用于第二和第三人称单数的句子中，表示假设或愿望。
二、虚拟语气的用法1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句常用在表示条件的从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设情况。
主句中常使用情态动词或“would”来表示假设的结果。
例句1：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（假设的情况是我是一只鸟，结果是我会在天空中飞翔。
）例句2：If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.（假设的情况是你学习更努力了，结果是你已经通过考试了。
）2. 虚拟语气用于表达命令、建议、要求、要求等虚拟语气还常用于表达命令、建议、要求等。
在这种情况下，常用“should + 动词原形”或“would + 动词原形”。
例句3：You should help your parents with the housework.（你应该帮助你的父母做家务。
）例句4：I wish you would listen to me.（我希望你能听我说。
）3. 虚拟语气用于表达愿望虚拟语气还常用于表达愿望，其中“would”是常见的情态动词。
例句5：I wish I could play the piano.（我希望我能弹钢琴。
高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么
高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么在高考英语中，虚拟语气是一个重要的语法点，也是让许多同学感到头疼的部分。
虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议等情况，它的用法多样，且有不少需要注意的地方。
接下来，咱们就详细地探讨一下高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1、与现在事实相反条件从句用一般过去时（be 动词用 were），主句用“would ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋动词原形”。
例如：If I were you, I would take the job （如果我是你，我会接受这份工作。
）2、与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋ have ＋过去分词”。
比如：If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam （如果你学习更努力些，你就会通过考试了。
）3、与将来事实相反条件从句有三种形式：① should ＋动词原形；② were to ＋动词原形；③一般过去时。
主句用“wou ld ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋动词原形”。
举个例子：If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home （要是明天下雨，我们就待在家里。
）二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1、 wish 后的宾语从句表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反，用“would ／ could ＋动词原形”。
例如：I wish I were as tall as you （我希望我和你一样高。
）2、表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句这类动词有suggest（建议）、advise（建议）、insist（坚持要求）、order（命令）、demand（要求）等，从句谓语用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习含答案
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
虚拟语气和相关的5年高考试题
虚拟语气和相关的5年高考试题第一章虚拟语气一知识归纳1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用1) 三种形式条件从句中的动词结果主句中的动词示例与现在的事实相反动词的过去式be动词一律用were would/could/might/should +动词原形 If I had time, I would attend your party.与过去的事实相反had+过去分词would/could/might/should +have +过去分词You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.与将来的事实相反 should+动词原形were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should +动词原形 If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos.2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用到装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如: Were it necessary, I might resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.Should I have time, I would call on herShould it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace3) 错综时间条件句在这种条件句中,虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式, 如:If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在---过去)If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(过去---将来)If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去---现在)4) 含蓄条件句有些句子中, 没有任何表示虚拟语气的词,短语或从句,但仍要用虚拟语气. 这时,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分, 要么隐含在上下文之中. 如:I would do anything for her (if I could)We would have made a lot of money (but we gave up halfway) Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity)5) 用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for 如:What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?)We would not have finished the word on time without your help (=if you had not helped us)But for the rain, (if it had not been for the rain,) we would have finished the work2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1) wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气与现在事实相反, 用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反, 用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/might+动词原形,后的从句不能用should.如:I wish she were here.I wish you would go with us tomorrowI wish she had taken my advice2) order, suggest, demand, insist, 等表示命令,要求, 建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动词原形3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气1) 从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从句动词用过去时(be 用were)It looks as if she were sick.He looks as though he knew the girl2) 从句所设想的时间动作于主句谓语发生,从句动词用had+过去分词. 如:I feel as if we had known each other for yearsHe talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself4. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用1) 当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如:I suggested that we should go there on foot.注意:当suggest表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如: The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如:The man insisted that he had never stolen the money2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ a pity 等后的主语从句中It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening5. would rather, had better后的句子的虚拟语气1) 接动词原形, 指现在或将来的时间, 表示主语的主观愿望和选择I would rather do it todayYou had better not go dancing tonight2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示过去的某种不恰当的选择. 如:I would rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip3) 接从句, 用一般过去时, 表示现在或将来的愿望;用过去完成时,表示过去的愿望.如:I would rather you paid the money yourselfI would rather she had not done that6. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式,或should +动词原形, 其中should不能省掉.如:It is time that you went to schoolIt is time that we should start out7. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中. 如:If it were not for the rain, the crops would dieIf it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time8. 用于if only引导的感叹句中If only I were a flying bird!If only I had seen the film!二学法建议在学习if引起的虚拟条件句时, 同学们首先要牢记它的三种形式, 它将为学习此类句子奠定基础, 在此基础上, 才能掌握倒装的虚拟条件句,混合虚拟条件句等综观历年的高考题及各地测试题,wish 引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气, if引导的虚拟条件及含蓄条件句是测试的重点,务必请同学们在学习中加以注意在学习as if引导的表语从句或状语从句中的虚拟语气时, 要很好理解句子, 在判定表示虚拟时,再使用虚拟语气,并要牢记动词的形式对if only的学习也是不容忽视的一个要点. 它表示"要是…..就好了”, 谓语用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望, 用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望. 如:If only she had known where to find you!If only I could speak several foreign languages!五年高考1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tiredA. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven ; wouldn’t have got4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prisonA. refersB. referringC. referredD. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with himA. on him to go; should beB. he went; beC. he go; wasD. he should to; is8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than todayA. tellsB. toldC. would tellD. had told名题精练9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homeworkA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meetA. would have taken part inB. took part inC. had taken part inD. would take part in11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been forB. If it were notC. If it had not been forD. Were it not for12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from goingA. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13. ____hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to workB. Had he workedC. Should he workD. Were he to work14. ____today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right nowA. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. comeD. had come17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helpedD. were, would have helped18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climbB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD. hadn’t been, could climb19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be20. ---I am going to tell her the news---I would as soon you _____her about itA. didn’t tellB. don’t tellC. hadn’t tellD. won’t tell21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____homeA. stayedB. could stayC. has stayedD. stay22. It was requested that the play ____againA. should put onB. would put onC. be put onD. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediatelyA. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness----Yes, but ____itA. I’d rather not doB. I’d rather not have doneC. I should’ t doD. I’d better not do25. If only I ___my carA. hadn’t lostB. wouldn’t loseC. didn’t loseD. haven’t lost26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earthA. isB. wouldC. wereD. wouldn’t be27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time beingA. doB. didn’t doC. don’tD. didn’t28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own sonA. isB. wereC. had beenD. should be29. How the old people wish that they ____young once moreA. wereB. could becomeC. had beenD. should be30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had held31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dyingA. even if , wasB. though, would beC. even, had beenD. as if, were32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had notB. did not have hadC. hadn’t hadD. hadn’t have33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question againA. will discussB. to discussC. should discussD. will be discussed34. He requested that the students ____them get in cropsA. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rulesA. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I ____here thenA. wasB. had beenC. wereD. would be37. It is strange that he ____back so earlyA. cameB. will comeC. had comeD. should have come38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TVA. didB. doC. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest SundayA. be putB. putC. should putD. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ thereA. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before elevenA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it!A. doB. didn’tC. didD. don’t43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morningA. would, have washedB. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washingD. could have, had washing44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had triedB. hadn’t triedC. have triedD. didn’t try45. ----How could I thank you enough?----D on’t mention it. Any other man ____itA. must doB. could doC. would have doneD. should have done46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continueA. be, be delayedB. is, delayC. should be, be delayedD. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deathsA. it would have beenB. it would beC. there would beD. there would have been48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.A. requested, deliverB. demand, be deliveredC. request, should deliverD. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorderA. made unpunishedB. came unpunishedC. went unpunishedD. not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____lateA. would beB. wereC. will beD. would have been51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen thenA. comeB. cameC. would comeD. will come52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meetingA. had put onB. should put onC. have put onD. will put on53. I hope that you ____ rightA. will beB. should beC. wereD. would be54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to youA. amB. have beenC. should beD. would be55. He insisted that we ____early the next morningA. startB. startedC. would startD. had started56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. had comeD. came57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema insteadA. must have studiedB. might studyC. would studyD. would have studied58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last weekA. were not, could have climbedB. were not, could climbC. had not been , could have climbedD. had not been, could climb59. Without electricity human life ____quite different todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be60. I wish I _____ you yesterdayA. seenB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see61. He talks as if he ____for agesA. is living thereB. was living thereC. has lived thereD. had lived there62. The judge ordered the thief ____punishedA. should beB. would beC. was to beD. must be63. Her pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examinationA. be, should haveB. was, haveC. should, hadD. was, has64. They are talking ____they had known each other for yearsA. as ifB. even ifC. likeD. because65. Had you done as I told you, you____A. would succeedB. would have succeededC. were to succeedD. should succeed66. ______your help, I ____the examA. Without, will failB. If not , will failC. But for, would have failedD. If it is not for, would have failed67. I would rather you ____at onceA. leaveB. will leaveC. leftD. should leave68. ____today, she would arrive in New York by TuesdayA. If he leavesB. Would he have leftC. Was he leavingD. Were he to leave69. It is high time you ____ to schoolA. will goB. would goC. wentD. had gone70. If he had taken the doctor’s advice, he _____been in hospital nowA. shouldn’tB. hadn’tC. wouldn’t haveD. would not71. It is necessary that he ____to the lab right nowA. comeB. cameC. would comeD. is coming72. But that he ____ it, he wouldn’t have believed itA. seeB. sawC. had seenD. sees73. Their suggestion is that the wounded soldiers____ to hospital at onceA. be sentB. is sentC. was sentD. should send74. I would buy that car but I ____enough moneyA. do not haveB. did not haveC. will not haveD. had not had75. If only we____ about the danger, we couldn’t have joined youA. knewB. had knownC. would knowD. should know76. It was ordered that no smoking ____in the libraryA. was allowedB. would be allowedC. be allowedD. had been allowed77. ____you come earlier, you would have met himA. ShouldB. wouldC. CouldD. Had78. ---You should have finished your homework earlier----I know but I ____the timeA. don’t haveB. didn’t haveC. won’t haveD. had not79. I tried his best in everything, _____he wouldn’t have been what he wasA. otherwiseB. butC. andD. but that80. How I wish I ____such a good chance beforeA. didn’t missB. hadn’t missedC. metD. have met81. ___your letter, I would have started off two days agoA. If I could have receivedB. If I receivedC. Should I receivedD. Had I received82. I would ask Tom to lend us money if I ____ himA. had knownB. knewC. have knownD. know83. If it ____tomorrow, what shall we do?A. rainsB. would rainC. rainedD. should rain84. If he ___come a few minutes earlier, you would have met himA. wouldB. shouldC. /D. had85. If he were to come tomorrow, things___ easierA. should beB. would beC. areD. can be86. If you ____that late movie last night, you would not be so sleepy nowA. haven’t watchedB. didn’t watchC. hadn’t watchedD. wouldn’t have watched87. ____difficulties, we would be successfulA. Should we overcomeB. Would we overcomeC. Might we overcomeD. Could we overcome88. If only everything___ out, as we wanted it to in lifeA. is workingB. workedC. worksD. has worked89. Mary _____ to college last year. Unfortunately, she couldnot take the examinations because of a sudden illnessA. could goB. did goC. could have goneD. must have gone90. I wish it ____ not so cold outsideA. shall beB. beC. wereD. is91. He insisted that we all ____ in his office at one o’clockA. beB. to beC. would beD. shall be92. He insisted that he ____ our carA. should stealB. would stealC. hadn’t s tolenD. steal93. Their suggestion is that we____ go out for a walkA. canB. haveC. shallD. /94. It is necessary that he ____ in time to attend the meetingA. comeB. cameC. would comeD. need come95. I ____that she had left her home yesterdayA. have thoughtB. thinkC. had thoughtD. should think96. We have been sitting doing nothing about it for days. It is time we ____the problemA. shook hands withB. got to brass tacks withC. got to solveD. reached the bottom of97. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ____ about thatA. knowB. knowsC. knownD. knew98. In case I _____, I would try againA. will failB. would missC. should failD. shall fail99. ____ I will marry him all the sameA. Were he rich or poorB. Be he rich or poorC. Whether rich or poorD. Being rich or poor100. Without gravity, we ____ able to walkA. wereB. should beC. can beD. should not be答案C BD B C C C B A A D A B A C D B C D AD C C B A C B B A B D C C A B B D B A AC D C B C D D B C D B B A A A C D C D CD A B A B C C D C D A B A A B C D B A B D B A D B C A B C C A C D A C C D C B D 向你推荐的相关文章相关文章列表微信扫码分享热搜文章•1•2•3•4•5•6•7•8•9•10~。
高考虚拟语气
高考虚拟语气
高考虚拟语气是指在表达虚拟情况或假设的时候所使用的语气，与实际情况不符合。
下面是对高考虚拟语气的解释和用法：
在高考英语中，虚拟语气常常出现在条件句中，表示与事实相反的假设或不可能实现的愿望。
虚拟语气通常由动词的过去式（一般过去式、过去完成时）或“would”引导。
虚拟语气的用法主要有以下几种情况：
1. 虚拟条件句（If 条件句）：
如果现在条件与事实相反，用虚拟语气表示。
例子：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会
更加努力学习。
）
在这个例句中，使用了虚拟语气“were”表示与现实相反的假设
情况。
2. 虚拟愿望句：
表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用虚拟语气表示。
例子：I wish I had studied harder for the exam.（我希望我当时
能更努力地学习考试。
）
这句话中使用了虚拟语气“had studied”表示与现实相反的假设
情况。
3. 虚拟建议句：
表示与现在事实相反的建议，用虚拟语气表示。
例子：I suggest that she go to the library to study.（我建议她去
图书馆学习。
）
这个例句中使用了虚拟语气“go”表示与现实相反的建议情况。
总之，高考虚拟语气在英语考试中常常出现，需要我们掌握相关的用法和规则，并能正确运用。
只有熟练掌握虚拟语气的使用方法，才能在高考中取得更好的成绩。
2023届高考英语虚拟语气的用法归纳讲义
虚拟语气如何用（1）对现在状况的虚拟对现在状况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词用一般过去时，主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。
（2）对过去状况的虚拟对过去状况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。
（3）对将来状况的虚拟对将来状况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词可用should do, were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示，但意义略有不同。
should表示的可能性比较大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do的可能性比较小。
主句谓语动词用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。
（4）错综时间条件句有时条件从句谓语动词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。
此时主从句动词的形式应通过各自所表示的时间开展调整。
If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.假如当时听我劝，你现在就不会有麻烦了。
（if条件句是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时，而主句是对现在的虚拟，故用“would+动词原形”形式。
）（5）表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等动词后的宾语从句常用“(should+)动词原形（6）wish后的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示现在的状况，用过去完成时表示过去的状况，用would/could do表示将来的状况。
（7）would rather 后的宾语从句would rather后的从句常用一般过去时形式，表示现在或将来的状况；用过去完成时，表示过去的状况（8）It is/was important (necessary, appropriate, proper, right, essential, vital, etc.) that英语虚拟语气有什么用法一.定义: 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的状况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的状况, 而不表示客观存在的现实二.虚拟语气的表现形式: 根据句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现. 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时态相同, 但它们只表示语气, 而不表示时态, 但含有一定的时间定义虚拟语气的用法一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形1.表示祝愿a. Long live our country.b. May you succeed.c. May you be happy all your life.2.表示命令a. Everybody leave the room.二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)1.表示与现在事实相反的状况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形(should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于全部人称)a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.2.表示与过去事实相反的状况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.3.表示与将来事实相反的状况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式(be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种状况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 假如条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放到句首a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的详细时间a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以别的方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句a. What would you do with a million dollars?b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.c. We could have done better with more money.d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在状况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.b. She looked as if she were ill.2.表示与过去事实相反的状况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同a. Even if I were rich, I would work.六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:假如表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来状况, 用should have done表示过去状况a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.c. I wish I could help you.d. I wish I were young.②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或期待未来有所改变a. I wish the prices would come down.b. I wish you would help me.c. I wish he would be more careful.d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式a. I suggested that we should go there at once.b. I demand that he should answer me at once.c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.与名词suggestion建议/ advice 建议/ demand要求/ request要求/ order 命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等)中的谓语也用( should ) +动词原形a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式a. It is time we got up.九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来状况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去状况动词用过去完成时形式a. I would rather he came next Saturday.b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.c. I would rather that he painted the house blue。
通过高考题讲解or型含蓄虚拟语气
从意思上看，本题是个虚拟条件句。好可惜！你没参加我们的观光活动，否则的话我们就会度过一段美好的时光了。
从形式上看，后面有个or：
从时间上看：从主句看是对过去的虚拟，所以后面的主句也是对过去的虚拟，用wouldhave done。
通过高考题讲解or型含蓄虚拟语气
考点呈现：
虚拟语气中的条件从句有时不直接表达出来，而是通过or等连词来表达，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。
含蓄虚拟语气
主句的谓语形式
现在
would/could/should/might + do
过去
would/could/should/might + have + done
将来
would/could/should/江苏）31. What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we_________a good timetogether.
A. hadB. will have
C. would have hadD. had had
通过高考题讲解混合虚拟语气(错综虚拟条件句)
通过高考题讲解混合虚拟语气（错综时间虚拟语气）
考点呈现：
（2018天津）15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
A. had caught
B. caught
C. have caught
D. would catch
本题解析：选A
从意思上看，本题是个虚拟条件句。
如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，那么我们现在就在沙滩上尽享假期生活了。
但是本题的从句和主句的时间状语不一样，前者是yesterday，后者是now，所以是混合虚拟语气，要根据后面实际时间确定相应动词的变化。
(2000上海) 36.If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A.lies
y
C.had lain
D.should lie 本题解析：选C
从意思上看，本题是个虚拟条件句。
如果他按照医生指示静静地躺着，他现在就不会那么的痛苦了。
英语 高考 虚拟语气用法最全总结
B. is busy
C. had been busy
D. will be busy
I forget where I read the article,or I______it tomorrow. A. will show
B. would show
C. am going to show
D. am s条件句中
虚拟条件从句(If)
与现在事实相 反的假设
主语+did/were
主 句
主语+should / would/
could / might + do
与过去事实相 反的假设
主语+ had done
主语+ should / would/ could / might +
have done
1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
=If I hadn‘t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.
A.Were C.Would B. Should D. Will
This printer is of good quality.If it____break
— Why didn’t you buy it?
— I ______ but I didn’t have the money.
历年虚拟语气在高考中的考查重点
历年虚拟语气在高考中的考查重点一．虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+主句+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。
⑴【[2012湖南]29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had⑵〖06福建〗If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party.A. could n’tB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. might not⑶I don’t have a cellphone. If I one , it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.A. hasB. have beenC. hadD. have2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+主句+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分【2012陕西卷】If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be【2012北京卷】We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?A. should faceB. might faceC. could have facedD. must have faced【2012天津卷】We wouldn’t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.A. didn’t offerB. wouldn’t offerC. hasn’t offeredD. hadn’t offered【2012山东卷】If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.A. haven’t madeB. wouldn’t makeC. didn’t makeD. hadn’t made〖10湖南〗If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow〖10陕西〗If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB. had takenC. tookD. have taken〖10天津〗John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tellB. tellsC. toldD. had told〖10安徽〗Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______A. was busyB. is busyC. had been busy.D. will be busy〖10北京〗--The weather has been very hot and dry.--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .A. wouldn't dieB. didn't dieC. hadn't diedD. wouldn't have died3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+主句+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分【2012安徽卷】Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ____there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. having askedD. Were to live〖09天津〗This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might二，.虚拟语气的活用1.时间错综虚拟结构⑴【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying⑵more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games, I would be sitting in acomfortable office now．A．If I devoted B．Had I devoted C．Would I be devoted D．Should I be devoted⑶——It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.——He would be still alive today if he ________ that drug.A. not takeB. shouldn’t have takenC.didn’t takeD. hadn’t taken2.省略if的虚拟结构⑴If I were a teacher, I would have lots of students。
第二十讲 虚拟语气与高考
虚拟条件句的形式
与过去事实相反 从句：had done 主句：would (could/should/might) + have done If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.
虚拟条件句的形式
语气的分类
⑴ I am a teacher. （陈述语气） ⑵ Don’t close the door. （祈使语气） ⑶ If only I had a car. （虚拟语气）
虚拟语气与高考
虚拟语气是历年高考的选考考点。 高考对虚拟语气的命题重点通常 为在特定语境中考查虚拟语气中 的含蓄虚拟条件句, 混合时间条件 句, 虚拟中的倒装句以及名词性从 句中的谓语动词等。
知识拓展
It is (about, high) time that ... ( that从句用虚拟语气 ) 常译为＂是（正是）…… 的时侯＂ 注意：① 常用过去时态表示虚拟 ② 也用should+动词原形， 但是should不能省 It is time that he left. = It is time that he should leave.
比一比
（09江苏） He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ____it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 解析：前半截为事实，但but之后是 原本没有发生的事情，故需用虚拟， 表示过去本可以做某事。
练一练
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
虚拟条件句与高考虚拟条件句是中学英语课本中的一个重点句法,也是历年高考的热点。
现笔者在此将这一句法的基本用法及其在句中的活用分析如下:一、虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句在条件状语从句中,如果假设的条件不符合现在的实际情况,主从句要用虚拟语气。
其结构为:If sb. did (were) ..., sb. would (should, could, might) + 动词原形。
(注意:从句中的动词were可用于各种人称,主句中的should只可用于第一人称单复数。
) 如:If I were you, I would not do it.If he had time, he would go to the concert with you.2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句在条件状语从句中,如果假设的条件不符合过去的实际情况,主从句要用虚拟语气。
其结构为:If sb. Had done sth., sb. would (should, could, might) + 动词完成式( have done sth. )。
(注意:在这一结构中,如果从句中有过去时间状语,其谓语动词也不用一般过去时)。
如:If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going the re.与高考链接:You didn't let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove; didn't getB. drove; wouldn't getC. were driving; wouldn't getD. had driven; wouldn't have got析:选D。
从前一分句You didn't let me drive可知,讲话人所陈述事实发生在过去。
是一个与过去事实相反的假设,说明"我们没有轮流开车,所以,你很疲劳"。
根据所提供的四个选项,只有答案D符合句子结构。
3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句在条件状语从句中,如果所表示的动作内容实现的可能性没有或很小,主从句要用虚拟语气。
其结构为:If sb. did (were to /should do) sth., sb. would (should, could, might) + 动词原形。
(注意:从句中的should或were可用于各种人称,从句中无论哪种人称都不可用would。
) 如:If I should see him this afternoon, I would give the note to him.If there were to be a meeting this evening, I would come.与高考连接:If it tomorrow, we put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. rains; would have had toB. were to rain; will have toC. should rain; would have toD. rained; should have had to析:选C。
根据语境中所给时间状语tomorrow可知,这是表示将来的条件状语从句,本句可使用陈述语气(条件句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时),也可使用与将来事实相反的虚拟语气(条件句用did/were to do/should do...,主句用would do...),根据所给选项,只有答案C为正确答案。
二、虚拟条件句的活用1. 时间错综虚拟结构在虚拟条件句中,有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致,这时,我们不能照搬虚拟条件句式结构的某种形式,而应根据主从句动词实际的时间概念来确定动词的虚拟结构。
如:If she had followed the doctor's advice, she would be quite all right now.如果她当初听了医生的忠告,她现在就完全康复了。
(这是一个与事实相反的非真实条件句。
if引导的条件句中的动作是过去发生的事情,说明与过去事实相反,应选用过去完成时,而主句中的动作受现在时间状语now限制,说明与现在事实相反,故主句应选用would (could, should, might) +动词原形结构。
)与高考链接:It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn't have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall析:选B。
根据题干中what Iwould be doing today可知,这是表示与现在事实相反的主句结构,而if引导的条件状语从句中所给的时间状语为at the age of seven过去时间状语,故从句应选用与过去事实相反的虚拟结构(过去完成时)。
2. 省略if的虚拟结构在虚拟条件句中,如果if 引导的虚拟条件句中有should, had,或were等助动词,表示与将来、过去或现在事实相反,if常可以省略。
这时,从句要采用倒装结构,即将从句中助动词should, had, were调至主语之前。
例1: Were I in school again, I would study harder.= If I were in school again, I would stu dy harder. 如果我(现在)再上学的话,我会更加努力学习的。
(与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句)例2: Should it (Were it to) snow tomorrow, we would be very happy. =If it should (If it were to) snow tomorrow, we would be very happy. 如果明天下雪,我们将很高兴。
(与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句)例3: Had it not been for your help, I couldn't have finished it ahead of time.= If it hadn't been for your help, I couldn't have finished it ahead of time. 要不是你的帮助,我就不能提前完成这项任务。
(与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句)与高考链接:for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not析:选C。
根据主句中谓语动词结构would not have gone,说明前一分句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,应选用过去完成时结构,分析四个选项,只有选项 C (倒装结构)为正确答案。
3. 并列连词或副词暗示的虚拟结构在一个并列句型结构中,有时假设的条件是由句中的并列连词或副词暗示出来。
常见的并列连词或副词有but, or, otherwise等。
例:I would have gone to America with my friend, but I was stopped by my mother. 要不是我母亲阻止我,我就跟朋友去美国了。
该句是由并列连词but连接的并列句。
后一分句强调过去发生的客观事实,故要用一般过去时的陈述结构;前一分句中,根据but转折连词的暗示,实际上省略了一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句If I hadn't been stopped,故前一分句应视为省略了条件句的主句结构,与过去事实相反,应用would have gone。
与高考链接:Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she something she w ould regret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said析:选D。
分析题干,前一分句暗示了过去的事实,而句中副词otherwise暗示了条件,并说明了后一分句中的一个非真实情况,表示与过去事实相反。
后一分句实际上省略了一个与过去事实相反的条件句If she had not walked away from the discussion, 故后一分句应视为省略了条件句的主句结构,与过去事实相反, 应选用might have said。
4. 介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构在一个简单句式结构中,有时假设的条件隐含在某些介词短语中。
常见的介词或介词短语有without, but for等。
例:Without electricity, human life would be quite different today. 如果没有电,今天人类的生活就完全不同了。
该句为一简单句,句中介词短语Without electricity暗示条件,实际上相当于一个明确的条件状语从句If there were no electricity。
根据句意及句中时间状语today说明句子是对现在的假设,所以,该句应用与现在事实相反的动词虚拟形式。
与高考链接:Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night , too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly析:选A。
句中介词短语Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat暗示条件,根据句意及句中时间状语,该句应用与现在事实相反的动词虚拟结构形式。
5. 分词短语暗示的虚拟结构在一个简单句式结构中,有时句中假设的条件隐含在现在分词短语或过去分词短语之中。