Noise Pollution Control(噪音污染控制)
噪声污染控制课程教学大纲
一、课程基本信息课程代码:260441课程名称:噪声污染控制英文名称:课程类别:专业选修课学时:45 〔讲授 36 学时+实验 9 学时学分:2.5合用对象:环境工程考核方式:考试,期评成绩中考试成绩占 70%,平时成绩为 30%。
先修课程:二、课程简介中文简介随着现代工业、交通运输业和城市建设的发展,环境噪声污染已经成为国内外影响最大的公害之一。
本课程分两部份:噪声的基本知识,包括声波的定义、基本性质、评价和标准、噪声的测试以及噪声影响评价。
噪声控制的常用技术:吸声、隔声、消声器、隔振、阻尼减振。
最后通过应用实例,理论联系实际,综合运用以上的各种处理措施。
Brief introduction in EnglishWith the development of modern industry, transportation and urban construction, environmental noise pollution is becoming the serious problem inside and outside country.The course is divided into two parts: the fundamental knowledge, including the definition of noise/fundamental character/evaluation and standard/test of noise and noise impact assessment.The common technology of noise control: absorption sound/insulation sound/muffler/vibration isolation/damp vibration reduction.At last ,theory contacts fact. All kinds of treatment measure are used synthetically through the application example.三、课程性质与教学目的噪声污染控制是高等学校环境工程专业的一门重要专业课。
物理性污染控制概述(PDF 52页)
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噪声污染控制技术
与噪声传播过程有关的三个因素即声源、传播途径和接收 者。因此噪声控制主要是从这三个方面入手。
噪声控制原理:在噪声到达耳膜之前,采取阻尼、隔振、 吸声、隔声、消声器、个人防护和建筑布局等七大措施,尽 力减弱或降低声源的振动,或将传播中的声能吸收掉,或设 置障碍,使声音全部或部分反射出去,减弱噪声对耳膜的作 用。
电磁污染的产生
联合国环境会议已经把微波辐射列入 造成公害的主要污染物之一,我国环 境保护法规定对电磁辐射加强管理。
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电磁污染源
自然电磁污染源:
雷电,所辐射的频带分布极宽。
火山爆发、地震和太阳黑子的活动 引起的磁爆。
宇宙的电磁污染源:恒星的爆发, 宇宙间电子移动等。
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电磁污染源
人工电磁污染源:
改革工艺和 操作方法
应用新材料、 改进机械设备 的结构
提高零部件加工
?
精度和装配质量
传播途径的控制
1
利用区域分 开的方法降 低噪声
3
利用绿化降 低噪声
2
利用地形和 声源的指向 性降低噪声
噪声污染的控制技术
噪声传播途径的控制 吸声 隔声 消声
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吸声
吸声材料: 无机纤维材料:
泡沫塑料
有机纤维材料
众所周知,只有当噪声源、传播途径、接受者三要素同时 存在,噪声才构成对环境的污染和对人的危害。因此控制噪声 必须从三方面着手:
噪声源 的控制
传播途径 的控制
接受者 的防护
噪声源的控制
控制噪声最积极的方法,就是在声源上进行治理。如 提高工艺水平、改进操作方法、提高零部件的加工精度等。 具体可以从以下方面进行。
控制噪声的方法有哪些
控制噪声的方法有哪些控制噪声的方法有很多种。
噪声是一种不受欢迎的声音,它能够引起疲劳、压力、健康问题,甚至影响人们的睡眠。
噪声不仅来源于交通、工业、建筑等环境因素,还可以由机器、电子设备、乐器等产生。
为了保护人们的健康和提高生活质量,需要采取措施来控制噪声。
下面将介绍一些常用的控制噪声的方法。
1. 声音屏障声音屏障可以有效地隔离声音源和周围环境。
例如,在公路旁设置声墙,可以减少交通噪声对附近居民的影响。
声音屏障通常由吸声材料制成,能够反射、吸收或分散声波,减少声音的传播。
2. 声波消除技术声波消除技术是利用相位反向原理消除噪声。
通过发射一个与噪声相反的声波,两者相遇后会互相抵消,从而达到降噪的效果。
这种技术通常运用于工厂、机房、航空舱等噪声环境。
3. 吸声材料吸声材料是一种能够吸收声能的材料,能够减少声音的反射和传播。
常用的吸声材料包括海绵、纤维板、玻璃纤维、聚酯纤维等。
将吸声材料应用于室内墙壁、天花板、地板等表面,可以有效地减少噪声的反射,从而降低室内噪声水平。
4. 噪声隔音隔音是通过使用隔音材料来阻止噪声的传播。
隔音材料通常是密度高、弹性好的材料,如石膏板、铅、橡胶等。
将隔音材料应用于墙壁、天花板、门窗等部位,可以阻止噪声的传播,减少室内外的噪声交叠。
5. 隔音设备隔音设备是通过使用声音隔离的设备来减少噪声的传播。
例如,在音乐会场馆、工业生产车间等噪声环境中,可以使用隔音耳罩、隔音耳塞、隔音门等设备来减少噪声对人体的影响。
6. 声音吸收声音吸收技术是通过将声音能量转化为其他形式的能量来减少噪声。
常见的声音吸收技术包括声音波导器、声音阻尼器、声音吸音棉等。
这些技术可以将声音转化为热能、动能等形式,从而减少声音的能量和传播。
7. 噪声监测与控制系统噪声监测与控制系统是一种通过传感器监测噪声水平,并根据监测结果调节噪声源的设备。
该系统可以自动控制噪声源的输出,使其保持在安全噪声水平以下。
这种系统常用于工厂、机房、公共场所等噪声环境中。
噪声污染与防治 文献报告
课题名称:噪音污染与防治姓名:林怡超学号:090811034专业:环境工程各种不同频率和强度的声波无规律的杂乱组合,波形呈无规则变化的声音称噪声。
目前认为,凡是不需要的、使人厌烦的、起干扰作用的声音统称噪声。
早上的危害不仅可使正常人听力下降、记忆力衰退。
还可引起心肌缺血和消化不良。
对病人来说,可使病情加重。
因此,噪音的有效的综合智力应引起人满的重视。
一.分析课题,确定检索范围/?c=45493(一)学科范围:( X593)X(环境科学、安全科学) X5(环境污染及其防治)X593(噪声、震动及其控制)(二)确定主题词:噪声污染防治(三)分析文献类型专著、期刊论文、会议文献、学位论文、专利等(四)分析查找年代查10年,即2001-2011年(五)分析查找地区范围:以国内文献为主,国外文献为辅。
二、确定检索手段手段:计算机检索三、选择检索工具:(一)本馆数据库:1.《本馆馆藏书刊目录》2.《本校论文数据库》3.《中文科技期刊数据库》(维普数据库)4.《超星全文数据库》5.《科技全文数据库》6.《学位论文数据库》7.《学术会议论文库》8.《Springer》(二)搜索引擎:百度(三)网络专业信息检索1. 中国国家图书馆2.http://218.1.116.100/shlib_tsdc/index.do全国报刊索引3./中国知识产权网四、检索结果:(一).《本馆馆藏书刊目录》检索途径:主题途径检索式或检索词:噪声污染检索结果:检中1篇中文图书1.以案说法.固体废物污染环境防治法水污染防治法环境噪声污染防治法馆藏复本:2可借复本:1 杜一超, 梁小雨编著中国社会出版社 2006(二).《科技文献数据库》检索途径:主题途径检索式或检索词:噪声污染及其防治检索结果:检中16篇1.噪声污染及其防治对策初探期刊论文] 《山西能源与节能》-2006年3期-马利霞2.城市环境噪声污染及其防治对策[期刊论文] 《科技资讯》-2009年32期-李昊3.环境噪声污染及其防治对策[期刊论文] 《魅力中国》-2010年29期-张鹏4.环境噪声污染及其防治对策[期刊论文] 《魅力中国》-2010年25期-张鹏5.噪声污染及其控制对策[期刊论文] 《辽宁师专学报(自然科学版)》-2002年2期-丁树谦(三).《中国学位论文数据库》检索途径:主题途径检索式或检索词:噪声污染检索结果:检中48条1.环境噪声应激对人体生理心理影响的实验室研究[学位论文] 王娇琳,2006 - 重庆大学:环境工程2.临街建筑声环境对人体生理参数的影响研究[学位论文] 谢辉,2006 - 重庆大学:城市环境与生态工程3.飞机制造业噪声及噪声敏感与作业工人听力损伤关系的研究[学位论文] 张磊力,2005 - 四川大学:劳动卫生与环境卫生学4.小型汽车车内噪声声质量评价的研究[学位论文] 赵忠峰,2005 - 西北工业大学:环境工程5.DG型电炉隔声罩研制与实践[学位论文] 周迪华,2006 - 湘潭大学:环境工程(四)《中国学术会议论文数据库》检索途径:主题途径检索式或检索词:噪声污染控制检索结果:检中18条1.创造和谐环境控制噪声污染[会议论文] 张颂,2010 - 中国环境科学学会2010年学术年会2.噪声控制工程学的诞生和发展[会议论文] 方丹群,张斌,卢伟健,2009 - 第十一届全国噪声与振动控制工程学术会议3.繁华城区噪声信访投诉问题研究及对策[会议论文] 胡晓平,刘庆明,2003 - 全国环境声学电磁辐射环境学术会议4.二十一世纪的声环境[会议论文] 程明昆,徐欣,2002 - 中国声学学会2002年全国声学学术会议5.努力实现噪声治理工程与人居环境的协调统一[会议论文] 邵斌,卢岩林,汪根胜,孙家麒,2007 - 2007建筑未来声学工程师交流会(五).《中国科技期刊数据库》(维普数据库)检索方式:传统检索检索途径:关键词检索式或检索词:噪声污染*控制检索结果:检中155条1. 章奎生.2011全国噪声污染防治技术政策交流研讨会5月底在北京成功召开[J] .噪声与振动控制,2011,31(4):189-1892.冯玉春. 城市噪声控制技术浅析[J].中国科技纵横,2011(9):247-2473.郑壁利.对给水管在住宅中噪声控制控制途径的探讨[J].2011,27(4):116-1174.邓辉,高英.噪声污染控制工程教学的思考[J].中国教育技术装备,2011(12):65-665.曹树青,蒋信福.谈《环境噪声污染防治法》的修改[J].环境保护.2011(7):22-246.《超星全文数据库》检索途径:主题途径检索式或检索词:噪声检索结果:检出123条1.快速噪声诊断技术—HELS方法的理论及工程应用研究/杨瑞梁—郑州:黄河水利出版社,2006.92.空调系统消声与隔振设计/项瑞祈—北京:机械工业出版社,2005.13.量子白噪声分析/黄志远—武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2004.94.汽车噪声的预测与控制/张立军—上海:同济大学出版社,2004.95.有源噪声控制/陈克安—北京:国防工业出版社,2003.107. 《Springer》检索途径:主题途径检索式或检索词:Noise pollution control检索结果:检出7780条1.Advanced Air and Noise Pollution ControlHandbook of Environmental Engineering, 2005, Volume 2, 453-509, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-779-6_132. The EnvironmentalistVolume 28, Number 4, 358-365, DOI: 10.1007/s10669-007-9148-y3. Advanced Air and Noise Pollution ControlHandbook of Environmental Engineering, 2005, Volume 2, 335-357, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-779-6_94. Advanced Air and Noise Pollution ControlHandbook of Environmental Engineering, 2005, Volume 2, 441-452, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-779-6_125. Advanced Air and Noise Pollution ControlHandbook of Environmental Engineering, 2005, Volume 2, 113-126, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-779-6_48. 《本校论文数据库》检索途径:主题途径检索式或检索词:噪声污染检索结果:检出3条1.城市道路交通噪声污染分析[学士]/方章钊,2004//福建农林大学2.城市道路交通噪声污染与防治[学士]/何 群,2004//福建农林大学3.福州市环境噪声污染现状及防治对策分析[学士]/林彦铨,2005//福建农林大学(二)搜索引擎:1.百度检索式或检索词:噪声污染与控制1.噪声污染及其控制噪声污染是指什么/news/zhuanti/huanjing/wuran/20100828_10175.ht ml2.噪音污染与控制技术/马大猷///Search/HJBU197401008.html3.建筑施工中噪声的污染与控制/ 张鸣皋虞学泽///Article/CJFDTotal-ZGGX200822184.htm4.如何防噪音10招控制室内噪音污染/乐加///article-1030.html5.道路交通噪声污染与控制/李兵林// /19676/124166492/ 2.谷歌检索式或检索词:噪声污染防治1.地面交通噪声污染防治技术政策/环发[2007]7号2010-01-11实施///bzwb/wrfzjszc/201001/t20100121_184727.htm2.环境保护部解读交通噪声污染防治相关技术政策/环境保护部网站///gzdt/2010-04/07/content_1575296.htm3.噪音污染的防治方法介绍///jshzxwzh/4194/index.html4.浅议噪声污染及其防治/周颖///solutions/detail/73018442.html(三)网络专业信息检索1. 中国国家图书馆检索式或检索词:噪声污染检索结果:检中28条1. 蔡俊.噪声污染控制工程[专著]./北京:中国环境科学出版社,20112.汪葵.噪声污染控制技术[专著]/北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,20103.张驰.噪声污染控制技术[专著]/北京:中国环境科学出版社,20074.公路隧道噪声预测及降噪措施研究[硕士论文]/ 王美燕2007//西北工业大学5.机构隔声测试技术研究[硕士论文]/范玉岭2007//西北工业大学2.http://218.1.116.100/shlib_tsdc/simpleSearch.do?free=true&mode=smp&q= %E5%99%AA%E5%A3%B0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93全国报刊索引检索式或检索词:噪声污染控制检索结果:检中136篇1.杨英.高校环境噪声污染与控制[J].安微建筑工业学院学报:自然科学版.2005.13(2).-72-73.892.谢娟.工程机械的噪声污染与控制[J].筑路机械与施工机械化.2008.25(6).-76-783.马文敏.浅议公路交通噪声污染与控制[J].交通科技.2007(2).-90-914.郭心红、刘柱.船舶噪声污染与控制[J].交通环保.2003.24(5).-44-475.种法国.油气田钻井地面动力设备噪声污染控制研究[J].石油工程建设.2010.36(3).-142-1453. /中国知识产权网检索式或检索词:噪声污染控制检索结果:检中3条200910035629.9 CN102034469A G10K11/16(2006.01)I 玻璃钢组合式声屏障200920232351.X CN201570253U G10K11/16(2006.01)I 玻璃钢组合式声屏障200820010574.7 CN201166972 G10K11/16(2006.01) 发电机组对开式隔声屏五、索取原文:直接获取中国:中国期刊网,维普,万方,专利国外:部分网上电子期刊,专利,Springer-link全文期刊间接获取1.文献线索:SCI,EI检索得到的期刊全名或ISSN号CA检索得到的期刊名,会议名缩略名CASSI转化为全名或直接用ISSN号2.馆藏地点:查找期刊馆藏地点3.获取原始文献图书的获取本校图书馆 2.超星数字图书馆 3.馆际互借4.国家图书馆期刊论文的获取直接获取2.从搜索引擎上获取 3.到论坛上求助 4.间接获取 5.直接向原文作者求助索取原文实践:以一条图书文献线索为例,在本校图书馆中检索:世界名人演讲检索结果:《世界名人演讲大全集》馆藏号I16/S333宋洪洁编著立信会计出版社ISBN: 978-7-5429-2750-7/CNY文献类型:文学>世界文学>作品评论和研究该文献索书号为I16/S333,要在文学分类库中的世界文学书架所属的作品评论和研究栏目获取该文献。
福州市环境噪声污染防治若干规定文档
福州市环境噪声污染防治若干规定文档Documents on environmental noise pollution preventio n and control in Fuzhou福州市环境噪声污染防治若干规定文档小泰温馨提示:规章制度是指用人单位制定的组织劳动过程和进行劳动管理的规则和制度的总和。
本文档根据规则制度书写要求展开说明,具有实践指导意义,便于学习和使用,本文下载后内容可随意修改调整修改及打印。
第一条为了防治环境噪声污染,创造安静适宜的人居环境,根据《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》等法律法规,结合本市实际,制定本规定。
第二条在本市行政区域内的单位和个人,应当遵守本规定。
第三条市、县(市、区)政府环境保护行政主管部门对本行政区域内环境噪声污染防治实施统一监督管理。
公安机关对机动车辆噪声及相关的社会生活噪声污染防治实施监督管理。
城市管理执法部门在实行城市管理相对集中行政处罚权区域内,对建筑施工噪声污染进行查处。
交通、海事部门对机动船舶噪声污染防治实施监督管理。
规划、建设、工商、文化、卫生、质量技术监督等部门根据各自职责,对环境噪声污染防治实施监督管理。
第四条村(居)民委员会应当协助当地政府及相关部门做好居住区噪声污染防治的宣传教育和噪声污染纠纷调解工作。
住宅小区业主大会可以在管理规约中约定本物业服务区域内环境噪声污染防治的权利和义务。
物业服务企业对本物业服务区域内违反环境噪声污染防治法律、法规和管理规约的行为,应当予以劝阻;劝阻无效的,应当及时向环境保护行政主管部门报告。
第五条环境保护行政主管部门应当设置并公开环境噪声污染举报投诉电话、电子信箱等,统一受理有关环境噪声污染的举报、投诉,并按照职责分工,及时交由相关职能部门办理。
第六条环境保护行政主管部门应当会同有关部门在市区的交通主干道、噪声敏感建筑物集中区域,合理设置环境噪声自动监测设施,加强环境噪声监控并督促有关部门采取有效防护措施。
常用单词分类记忆篇
1、生态ecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant 污染物noxious (toxic) 有毒的fumes (有毒)废气waste 废物solid waste 固体垃圾sewage (wastewater) 污水sewage purification 污水净化sewage disposal 污水处理decibel (噪音)分贝2、艺术artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格,体裁eccentric 古怪的odd 怪诞的,奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的,不可思议的unique 独一无二的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的,无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的,情感的sentimental 感伤的,多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的,无生命力的patriarchal 家长的,族长的rigid 僵化的3、人文anthropologist 人类学家paleoanthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人(科)homogeneous 同一种族(种类)的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘ruins 遗迹,废墟remains 遗迹,遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物,文物antique 古物,古董antiquity 古代,古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age (青)铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的4、气候Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层current (气)流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿;水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹5、农业agriculture (farming) 农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤;土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂,泥沙clay 黏土,湿土clod 土块pilot (experimental ) 试验性的harrow ( rake) 耙,耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot (patch)小块地ranch 农场,牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲,锹shovel (平头) 铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till) 耕作sow (seed) 播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉manure (fertilizer) 肥料spray 喷洒(农药)insecticide (pesticide)杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal) 谷物,谷粒granary (grain store) 粮仓mill 碾,磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats 燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟,小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法,营养液栽培法greenhouse (glasshouse,hotbed) 温室cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜spinach 菠菜broccoli 花椰菜eggplant 茄子pepper 辣椒pumpkin 南瓜tomato 西红柿beet 甜菜carrot 胡萝卜radish 小红萝卜pea 豌豆soybean 大豆celery 芹菜garlic 大蒜leek 韭菜onion 洋葱头potato 土豆peanut 花生sesame 芝麻cotton 棉花husbandry (animal husbandry) 畜牧业pasture 牧场livestock 家畜fowl (poultry) 家禽cattle 牛,家畜buffalo 野牛dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场hay (作饲料用)干草haystack 干草堆fodder (feed) 饲料trough 饲料槽barn (shed) 牲口槽stable 厩,马厩cowshed 牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) 猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏roost (hen house) 鸡舍fish farm 养鱼场aquaculture 水产养殖6、建筑architecture 建筑学building 修筑,建筑物house 房子skyscraper 摩天大楼block of flats 公寓楼(美作:apartment block)monument 纪念碑temple 庙宇basilica 皇宫,教堂cathedral 大教堂church 教堂tower 塔,塔楼ten-storey office block 十层办公大楼column 柱colonnade 柱列arch 拱town planning 市政(美作:city planning)building permission 营建许可证,建筑开工许可证greenbelt 绿地elevation 建筑物的三面图plan 设计图scale 比例尺to prefabricate 预制excavation 挖土,掘土foundations 基to lay the foundations 打地基course of bricks 砌好的砖列scaffold 脚手架scaffolding 脚手架repair person 修理工aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆mosque 清真寺the Triumphal Arch 凯旋门Pyramid 金字塔planetarium 天文馆cathedral 大教堂Sphinx 狮身人面像7、建筑educator 教育家higher education 高等教育moral character 道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友treasurer 生活委员,财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程(总称)discipline 学科,管理learn by rote 死记硬背8、化学chemical property 化学特性,化学性质chemical composition ( makeup ) 化学成分chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应chemical change 化学变化chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter; material) 物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧nitrogen 氮helium 氦carbon 碳calcium 钙silicon 硅sulfur 硫iodine 碘compound 化合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术petroleum (oil) 石油petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油refine 提炼,精炼gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷solution 溶液dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive 聚合力adhesive 粘合力atom 原子nucleus 原子核electron 电子neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子particle 粒子ion 离子particle accelerator 粒子加速器catalyst 催化剂artificial 人造的synthetic 合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye 染料cosmetics 化妆品9、动物学Darvinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目family 科genus 属suborder 亚目species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic (life) 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian (amphibious animal) 两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物insect 昆虫antenna (复数antennae) 触须larva 幼虫,幼体camouflage 伪装pest 害虫worm 虫,蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous ) 食肉的predator 捕食者prey (动词)捕食(名词)被捕食的动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀,翼bill (鸟)嘴beak (鹰等的)嘴nest 筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼bat 蝙蝠gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat 栖息地rodent 啮齿动物(如松鼠)primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物(如珊瑚)shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 对虾crab 螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge 海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟,虫的叫声)唧唧squeak (老鼠等)吱吱porpoise 海豚sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群flock (鸟,羊等)群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch (花等)束,捧beaver 海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的,一雄一雌的polygamous 一夫多妻的,一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的,一雌多雄的rhinoceros 犀牛niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官,遗迹oyster 牡蛎fertilizer 使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism 新陈代谢baboon 狒狒breed (名词)品种,(动词)繁殖multiply (reproduce)繁殖hatch 孵spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵offspring (young) 解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物microbe 微生物herbivorous 食草的carnivorous 食肉的omnivorous 杂食的10、地质geology 地质学geologist 地质学家crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer (stratum,复数strata) 地层plate 板块fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift (crack; split) 断裂disintegration (decomposition) 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩quartz 石英marble 大理石granite 花岗岩lithogenous 岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈magma 岩浆mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床platinum 白金,铂silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞,水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口lava 火山岩浆volcanic 火山的volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰earthquake ( quake; tremor;seism) 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic wave 地震波cataclysm 灾变11、地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线,经线parallel 平行圈,纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic (Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形,地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的,陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁geomagnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物,沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石12、植物botany 植物学botanist 植物学家botanical 植物的plant 植物aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层,顶棚foliage (leaf) 叶leaflet 小叶rosette (叶的)丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽,抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel (skin) 果皮shell (硬) 果壳husk (干)果壳;(玉米)苞叶trunk 树干branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝bark 树皮jungle 丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地,牧场prairie 大草原shrub (bush) 灌木cluster 一簇(灌木)fern 蕨类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用symbiosis 共生wither (shrivel, fade) 凋谢pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollination 授粉cell 细胞tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的orchid 兰花pollinate 授粉crossbreed 杂交shrub 灌木sequoia 红杉root pressure 根压cohesion-tension 凝聚压力bore 腔,肠column 花柱symbiotic 共生的immunity 免疫organism 生物,有机物necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物(淀粉),糖类glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命calorie 卡路里(热量单位)malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养13、法律constitution 宪法legislation 立法Democrats 民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment 修正案Congress 美国国会Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的,市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态maneuver 擦略tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote 投票officeholding 任职veto 否决American Revolution 美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖,殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 谴责,指控welfare 福利patronage 资助,赞助unionization 联合,结合14、音乐classical music 古典音乐symphony 交响乐band music 管乐violi n 小提琴cello 大提琴horn 号keyboard instruments 键盘乐器vocal music 声乐sonata 奏鸣曲solo 独奏独唱conducting 指挥accompaniment 伴奏volume 音量harmony 和声rest 休止folk music 民间音乐instrument music 弦乐viola 中提琴harp 竖琴clarinet 单簧管percussion instruments 打击乐器concerto 协奏曲serenade 小夜曲duet 二重唱podium 指挥台quality 音质chord 和弦time 节拍15、心理学PSYCHOLOGY 心理mental 心理的physical 身体的,物质的,物理的spiritual 心灵的conformity 从众majority 多数人minority 少数人threshold judgment (心理学)初始性判断subject 受实验对象16、物理学physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 加速度equilibrium 平衡statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对gravity 地心引力vibration 震动medium (media) 媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch 音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance 回声,洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性,磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part) 电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片,集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大amplify (动词)放大amplifier 放大器,扬声器oscillation 震荡optical 光(学)的optical fiber 光学纤维lens 透镜,镜片convex 凸透镜concave 凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜magnifier 放大镜spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线infrared rays 红外线microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque 不透明的17、文学prose 散文autobiography 传记narrative prose 叙述性essay 随笔ballad 民谣fiction 小说fairy tale 童话proverb 谚语leading character 主人公prelude 序曲epilogue 尾声literary studies 文学研究comparative literature 比较文学surrealism 超现实主义modernism 现代主义diary 日记editorial 社论descriptive prose 描写性poetry 诗歌lullaby 催眠曲allegory 寓言legend 传说model 人物原型main plot 主要情节prologue 序言literary criticism 文学批评schools of literature 文学流派realism 现实主义futurism 未来主义aestheticism 唯美主义romanticism 浪漫主义neo-classicism 新古典主义18、天文astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos (universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体,类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转,绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空,外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员,航天员space suit 宇航服,航天服space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员star 恒星stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona 日冕chromosphere 色球photosphere 色球层convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission 发射,散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪。
减少噪音污染的措施英语作文
减少噪音污染的措施英语作文英文回答:Measures for Reducing Noise Pollution.Noise pollution has emerged as a significant concern in urban environments. It can have detrimental effects on human health, productivity, and well-being. Addressing this issue necessitates implementing comprehensive measures to mitigate its impact.1. Urban Planning and Zoning:Enforce strict zoning regulations to separate noisy industrial areas from residential neighborhoods.Designate quiet zones in parks and public spaces to provide respite from noise.Implement buffer zones with noise-absorbing materialsbetween noisy and sensitive areas.2. Traffic Management:Promote public transportation and reduce privatevehicle use to minimize traffic congestion and noise.Implement traffic calming measures such as speed bumps, roundabouts, and pedestrian crossings to slow down traffic and reduce noise.Encourage the use of electric or hybrid vehicles,which produce less noise than conventional gasoline-powered vehicles.3. Architectural Design and Construction:Utilize sound-insulating materials in building construction to reduce noise transmission.Install double-paned windows and noise-absorbing curtains to minimize noise from outside sources.Design buildings with green spaces and sound barriers to deflect and absorb noise.4. Noise Control Regulations:Establish noise ordinances limiting permissible noise levels at different times of day.Enforce restrictions on loud music, construction activities, and other sources of excessive noise.Encourage the use of noise-canceling headphones and earphones in noisy environments.5. Education and Awareness:Educate the public about the harmful effects of noise pollution and ways to reduce it.Promote noise awareness campaigns and encourage responsible noise behavior.Encourage the use of noise monitoring apps to track noise levels and identify problem areas.6. Technological Advancements:Develop and implement noise-canceling technologies in public spaces, vehicles, and electronic devices.Use sound barriers and noise-absorbing materials made from recycled and sustainable materials.Invest in research on innovative noise reduction methods and technologies.7. Collaboration and Partnerships:Foster collaboration between government agencies, community groups, and businesses to develop and implement effective noise reduction strategies.Establish partnerships with noise monitoringorganizations to track and address noise problems.Engage with acoustic engineers and urban planners to design noise-sensitive environments.中文回答:减少噪音污染的措施。
美国的噪声污染控制法规与标准
美国的噪声污染控制法规与标准一、美国噪声污染控制的沿革美国的噪声污染控制是从控制飞机噪声污染开始的。
1968年美国发布了《飞机噪声削减法The Aircraft Noise Abatement Act》,由联邦航空局(PAA)实施。
为了协调联邦噪声削减活动,1970年EPA成立了噪声削减和控制办公室(0NAC),主要负责确定噪声源、制订噪声排放标准、推进州和地方噪声控制计划、促进教育和研究等项工作。
两年后(1972年),国会通过了《噪声控制法The Noise Control Act》,宣称此项国家政策将把所有美国人从噪声干扰中解脱出来。
1978年,又通过了《宁静社会法Quiet Communities Act》,它修正了1972年《噪声控制法》的部分内容,以增加联邦机构之间的协调,主要是促进FAA在噪声管理上的责任,需要FAA向公众提供噪声影响的详细分析。
但1981年美国国会同意了里根政府的提议,取消了ONAC的政府资金,这样ONAC只是在名义上存在,EPA也不得不终止了大部分联邦噪声削减活动,而将首要噪声管理职责转移到州和地方政府。
由于EPA不再行使噪声控制权,难以协调各地方的噪声污染控制活动,造成美国噪声污染(特别是在机场附近)成为突出的社会问题。
自1997年第105次国会开始,有议案提出重建ONAC,加强联邦对噪声污染的统一管理,历经1999年第106次国会、2001年第107次国会,至今仍未获得批准。
二、标准体系1972年《噪声控制法》将“改善环境使所有美国人从危害他们健康和福利的噪声中解脱出来”作为一项国家政策。
这项法律在联邦和州、地方政府之间分配权利,联邦的首要职责是噪声源排放控制,州和其它行政部门保留对噪声源的使用和环境允许噪声水平进行控制的权利。
根据上述法律授权,联邦政府负责主要噪声源排放标准的制定,区域环境噪声标准则由州或地方政府自行负责。
这一点与我国的噪声标准体系有所不同。
噪音污染管理控制程序
Noise pollution management and control procedures噪音污染管理控制程序1 Purpose目的Through the effective management and control of production and living noise, ensure that the noise produced by the company meets the requirements of laws, regulations, local environmental protection department and labor department, and ensure the physical and mental health of staff and surrounding community residents.通过对生产和生活产生噪音进行有效的管理和控制,确保公司产生噪音达到法律、法规及当地环保部门、劳动部门的要求,并确保职员、周边社区居民的身心健康。
2 Scope范围This procedure for the company's production and living noise prevention, monitoring and other activities to make clear provisions.本程序对公司生产和生活所产生噪音的预防、监测等活动做出了明文规定。
3 Responsibility职责The general management department and the production management department are responsible for noise prevention, monitoring and liaison, etc.综合管理部、生产管理部负责噪音预防、监测联系等事宜。
噪音污染控制技术研究
噪音污染控制技术研究噪音污染是指环境中超过人体正常听觉适应能力的声音,给人们的健康和生活带来了不良影响。
为了有效控制噪音污染,保护人民的听觉健康和日常生活质量,针对噪音污染的控制技术的研究变得尤为重要。
本文将探讨噪音污染控制技术的相关研究进展和应用。
一、噪音污染的危害和意义噪音污染对人类的身心健康产生了严重的危害。
长期暴露在高强度噪音中会导致听力损失、心血管疾病、睡眠障碍、焦虑和抑郁等问题。
此外,噪音也会对工作和学习环境造成干扰,降低人们的工作效率和学习效果。
因此,开展噪音污染控制技术的研究和应用具有重要的意义。
二、噪音污染控制技术的分类噪音污染控制技术可以分为主动控制和被动控制两种类型。
1. 主动控制技术主动控制技术通过改变噪音源的特性或控制噪音辐射路径来降低噪音污染。
常见的主动控制技术包括主动噪声控制(Active Noise Control,ANC)、声学透明技术、声学屏蔽技术等。
主动噪声控制是一种通过引入反向声波以与噪音相消的技术,常用于减少低频噪音的传播。
声学透明技术通过设计吸音材料或结构来改变声波的传播路径,减少噪音的反射和透射。
声学屏蔽技术则是通过隔音材料或隔音结构来减少噪音传播的技术。
2. 被动控制技术被动控制技术主要通过改善噪音接受者的环境来降低噪音污染。
常见的被动控制技术包括声学隔离技术、吸声材料的应用、隔音窗、隔音门等。
声学隔离技术是通过设计隔音结构来阻断噪音传播路径,将噪音从源头隔绝出去。
吸声材料的应用通过使用具有吸声性能的材料,吸收噪音能量,减少噪音的反射和传播。
隔音窗、隔音门则是在建筑物中安装具备隔音功能的窗户和门,减少外界噪音的传入。
三、噪音污染控制技术的应用领域噪音污染控制技术广泛应用于各个领域。
1. 交通运输领域交通运输是噪音污染的重要来源。
在交通领域中,可以利用主动噪声控制技术来减少飞机、汽车和火车等交通工具发出的噪音。
同时,在建设道路和铁路时,应采用声学屏蔽技术和声学隔离技术来减少噪音的传播。
噪音防治英语作文
Noise Pollution Prevention and ControlNoise pollution has become a significant concern in today's world, affecting the quality of life for millions of people. It is not just a nuisance; it can have serious health implications, causing stress, anxiety, hearing loss, and even cardiovascular diseases. As urbanization and industrialization continue to expand, the problem of noise pollution is also escalating, making it imperative to take effective measures to mitigate its impact.The sources of noise pollution are diverse, ranging from construction sites, transportation systems, industrial machines, to loud music and social gatherings. Each of these sources contributes to the overall noise level in urban environments, making it difficult for residents to enjoy a peaceful and serene atmosphere. The constant barrage of noise can disrupt sleep patterns, reduce work efficiency, and lead to a general feeling of discomfort and irritation.To combat noise pollution, a multi-faceted approach is necessary. Firstly, there needs to be strict enforcement of noisepollution laws and regulations. Governments must ensure that industries, construction companies, and other organizations adhere to noise emission standards and are penalized for exceeding these limits. Additionally, public awareness about noise pollution and its harmful effects must be raised through educational campaigns and media outreach.Moreover, technological advancements can play a crucial role in noise reduction. The development of quieter machines and equipment, as well as noise-canceling technologies, can significantly reduce noise emissions from various sources. For instance, electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular due to their low noise levels compared to traditional combustion engines.In urban planning, it is also essential to consider noise mitigation measures. This includes the use of sound barriers and green buffers to reduce noise levels in residential areas. Additionally, zoning regulations can be implemented to separate noisy industrial and commercial activities from residential areas.Individual actions can also contribute to noise pollution prevention. Simple practices like keeping the volume low when using speakers, avoiding noisy activities during late hours, and using earplugs or noise-canceling headphones in noisy environments can help reduce noise levels.In conclusion, noise pollution is a serious issue that requires collective efforts to address. By enforcing laws, raising awareness, harnessing technology, smart urban planning, and adopting individual practices, we can significantly reduce noise levels and improve the quality of life for all. It is a responsibility that we all share, and one that cannot be ignored.**噪音污染防治**噪音污染已成为当今世界的一个重大问题,影响着数百万人的生活质量。
治理噪音污染英语作文
治理噪音污染英语作文Noise pollution is a serious problem that affects the health and well-being of people all over the world. It is caused by a variety of sources, including traffic, construction, industrial activities, and even household appliances. In order to address this issue, effective measures must be taken to reduce noise levels and protect public health.One of the most important steps in addressing noise pollution is to identify the sources of noise and assess their impact on the environment. This can be done through the use of noise monitoring equipment and by conducting surveys of affected areas. Once the sources of noise have been identified, it is important to develop strategies for reducing their impact.One effective strategy for reducing noise pollution is to implement noise barriers and soundproofing measures. This can include the use of noise barriers along highwaysand other busy roads, as well as the installation of soundproofing materials in buildings and homes. Additionally, noise-reducing technologies can be used in industrial settings to reduce the impact of machinery and equipment on the surrounding environment.Another important strategy for addressing noise pollution is to enforce regulations and laws that limit noise levels in specific areas. This can include zoning regulations that restrict the use of noisy equipment in residential areas, as well as noise ordinances that set limits on the volume of music and other sources of noise in public spaces. Effective enforcement of these regulations is key to ensuring that they are effective in reducing noise pollution.Public education and awareness campaigns can also be effective in reducing noise pollution. By educating people about the harmful effects of noise pollution and providing them with information on how to reduce their exposure to noise, individuals can take steps to protect their health and well-being. This can include simple measures such aswearing earplugs or noise-cancelling headphones in noisy environments, as well as advocating for more effective noise-reducing measures in their communities.In conclusion, noise pollution is a serious problemthat requires effective measures to reduce its impact on public health and well-being. By identifying the sources of noise, implementing soundproofing and noise-reducing technologies, enforcing regulations and laws, and educating the public, we can work together to create a quieter and healthier environment for everyone.。
噪音污染防治英语作文
The Necessity and Strategies of NoisePollution PreventionIn the modern world, noise pollution has become an increasingly serious issue, affecting the lives and well-being of individuals across the globe. Noise pollution, often referred to as environmental noise, is defined as unwanted or harmful sound that disrupts the activities of humans or animals. It can take various forms, from the constant hum of traffic and construction to the blaring sounds of loudspeakers and music. This type of pollution not only affects our hearing but can also lead to stress, anxiety, and even physical health issues.The first step in addressing noise pollution is awareness. Many people are unaware of the harmful effects of noise on their health and well-being. Long-term exposure to excessive noise can lead to hearing loss, hypertension, and even cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is crucial to educate the public about the dangers of noise pollution and how to protect themselves from it.Another effective strategy is the implementation of noise control measures. Governments and local authoritiescan introduce noise regulations to limit the volume and duration of noise emissions from various sources. For example, they can enforce strict noise limits on construction sites, restrict the use of loudspeakers in public places, and encourage the use of quieter transportation options.Moreover, technological advancements can play a crucial role in noise pollution prevention. Innovations such as noise-canceling headphones and soundproofing materials can help individuals protect themselves from harmful noise. Additionally, smart city technologies can be used to monitor noise levels and identify areas where noise pollution is most severe, allowing authorities to target their efforts more effectively.However, individual actions are also crucial in reducing noise pollution. Simple measures such as turning down the volume on music players, using quieter appliances, and being mindful of the noise levels when conducting activities in public places can significantly contribute to reducing noise pollution.In conclusion, noise pollution is a serious issue that requires urgent attention. By raising awareness, implementing noise control measures, harnessingtechnological advancements, and taking individual actions, we can effectively reduce noise pollution and protect our hearing and overall well-being.**噪音污染防治的必要性与策略**在现代社会,噪音污染已成为日益严重的问题,影响着全球各地人们的生活和福祉。
高一有关噪音污染的英语作文120字
The Impact of Noise Pollution on Our LivesNoise pollution, a silent enemy of our society, has become a significant issue in recent years. As a highschool student, I am deeply concerned about its impact on our daily lives and the environment. Noise pollution notonly disrupts our peace and tranquility but also hasadverse effects on our physical and mental health. Long-term exposure to loud noises can lead to hearing loss, stress, and anxiety.To mitigate the problem, we need to take proactive measures. Firstly, awareness among the public about the harmful effects of noise pollution is crucial. Secondly, strict noise pollution control laws should be enforced to ensure that noise levels do not exceed the permissible limits. Additionally, technological advancements can help reduce noise levels, such as using soundproof materials in construction and developing quieter modes of transportation. In conclusion, noise pollution is a serious issue that requires immediate attention. By taking proactive measures and promoting awareness, we can create a quieter and healthier environment for ourselves and future generations.**噪音污染对我们生活的影响**噪音污染,作为社会中的一个隐形敌人,近年来已成为一个严重的问题。
美国的噪声污染控制法规与标准
美国的噪声污染控制法规与标准一、美国噪声污染控制的沿革美国的噪声污染控制是从控制飞机噪声污染开始的。
1968年美国发布了《飞机噪声削减法The Aircraft Noise Abatement Act》,由联邦航空局(PAA)实施。
为了协调联邦噪声削减活动,1970年EPA成立了噪声削减和控制办公室(0NAC),主要负责确定噪声源、制订噪声排放标准、推进州和地方噪声控制计划、促进教育和研究等项工作。
两年后(1972年),国会通过了《噪声控制法The Noise Control Act》,宣称此项国家政策将把所有美国人从噪声干扰中解脱出来。
1978年,又通过了《宁静社会法Quiet Communities Act》,它修正了1972年《噪声控制法》的部分内容,以增加联邦机构之间的协调,主要是促进FAA在噪声管理上的责任,需要FAA向公众提供噪声影响的详细分析。
但1981年美国国会同意了里根政府的提议,取消了ONAC的政府资金,这样ONAC只是在名义上存在,EPA也不得不终止了大部分联邦噪声削减活动,而将首要噪声管理职责转移到州和地方政府。
由于EPA不再行使噪声控制权,难以协调各地方的噪声污染控制活动,造成美国噪声污染(特别是在机场附近)成为突出的社会问题。
自1997年第105次国会开始,有议案提出重建ONAC,加强联邦对噪声污染的统一管理,历经1999年第106次国会、2001年第107次国会,至今仍未获得批准。
二、标准体系1972年《噪声控制法》将“改善环境使所有美国人从危害他们健康和福利的噪声中解脱出来”作为一项国家政策。
这项法律在联邦和州、地方政府之间分配权利,联邦的首要职责是噪声源排放控制,州和其它行政部门保留对噪声源的使用和环境允许噪声水平进行控制的权利。
根据上述法律授权,联邦政府负责主要噪声源排放标准的制定,区域环境噪声标准则由州或地方政府自行负责。
这一点与我国的噪声标准体系有所不同。
噪音污染防治英语作文
噪音污染防治英语作文【中英文实用版】{z}Title: Noise Pollution Controloise pollution is a significant environmental issue that affects the quality of life in urban areas.It refers to the excessive and disruptive sound that can have negative effects on human health and well-being.T o address this problem, effective noise pollution control measures must be implemented.Firstly, it is important to identify the sources of noise pollution.This includes both natural and man-made sources.Natural sources such as wind, rain, and animal sounds can contribute to noise pollution, although they are often less significant than human-generated noise.Man-made sources include traffic, industrial machinery, construction activities, and loud music.By identifying the sources of noise pollution, it is possible to develop targeted strategies to reduce and control the problem.One of the most effective ways to reduce noise pollution is through the use of noise barriers and sound insulation.Noise barriers are structures designed to block or absorb sound, preventing it from reaching sensitive areas such as homes, schools, and hospitals.Sound insulation can be used to reduce the amount of noise that passes through walls, windows, and doors, helping to protect individuals from the effects of noise pollution.Another important measure is the implementation of noise regulations and ernments should establish laws that limit the maximum allowable noise levels in urban areas, and enforce these regulations through regular monitoring and inspections.Businesses and individuals should be encouraged to comply with these regulations, and penalties should be imposed for non-compliance.In addition, public awareness campaigns should be conducted to educate individuals about the negative effects of noise pollution and the importance of taking steps to reduce their exposure to excessive noise.This can include information on the health impacts of noise pollution, as well as practical advice on how to reduce noise levels in everyday life.Finally, it is essential to promote the development and use of quieter technologies.This can include the design of quieter vehicles, the use of low-noise construction materials, and the development of noise-cancelling technologies.By encouraging the development and adoption of quieter technologies, it is possible to reduce the overall level of noise pollution in urban areas.In conclusion, noise pollution is a significant environmental issue that requires immediate attention and action.By identifying the sources of noise pollution, implementing noise barriers and sound insulation, establishing noise regulations and standards, conducting publicawareness campaigns, and promoting the development of quieter technologies, it is possible to reduce and control noise pollution, improving the quality of life for individuals in urban areas.。
环保英文名词
环保英文名词以下是常见的环保英文名词,将其按照不同的类别列出来:1. Pollution Control(污染控制)- Air pollution control(空气污染控制)- Water pollution control(水污染控制)- Noise pollution control(噪声污染控制)- Land pollution control(土地污染控制)- Light pollution control(光污染控制)2. Waste Reduction(垃圾减少)- Waste reduction program(垃圾减少计划)- Recycling program(回收计划)- Composting program(堆肥计划)- Zero-waste program(零废弃计划)3. Sustainable Energy(可持续能源)- Solar energy(太阳能)- Wind energy(风能)- Hydroelectric energy(水力发电)- Geothermal energy(地热能)- Biomass energy(生物质能)4. Eco-friendly Products(环保产品)- Green cleaning products(绿色清洁产品)- Energy efficient appliances(节能家电)- Organic food products(有机食品)- Non-toxic household products(无毒家居用品)- Biodegradable packaging materials(可生物降解包装材料)5. Conservation(保护)- Wildlife conservation(野生动物保护)- Forest conservation(森林保护)- Water conservation(水资源保护)- Soil conservation(土地保护)- Cultural heritage conservation(文化遗产保护)以上是常见的环保英文名词,我们应该重视环境保护工作,积极采取行动,为我们的地球做出贡献。
噪音污染防治英语作文
噪音污染防治英语作文Noise Pollution Prevention EssayIn the bustling urban jungles we reside in, the cacophony of noise has become an inevitable companion.From the blaring horns of vehicles to the relentless construction drills, the symphony of sounds often turns into a nuisance, affecting our quality of life.It is, therefore, imperative that we address the issue of noise pollution and take effective measures to prevent it.在繁华的城市森林中,喧嚣的噪音已成为我们不可避免的伴侣。
从车辆的刺耳喇叭声到无休止的建筑钻机,这些声音的交响乐常常变成一种干扰,影响我们的生活品质。
因此,我们必须正视噪音污染问题,并采取有效措施进行防治。
The adverse impacts of noise pollution on human health are undeniable.Prolonged exposure to high-decibel sounds can lead to stress, sleep disturbances, and even hearing loss.To safeguard the well-being of citizens, it is essential to implement noise control policies and regulations, promoting a quieter and healthier living environment.噪音污染对人类健康的负面影响不容忽视。
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Noise Pollution
Control
How DemoCreator works
(A)Control noise sources
Control of the sound source is the most effective noise
control, the most fundamental way:
Reasonable choice of materials and mechanical design
improvements
Improved technology and methods of operation to reduce noise Reduce the exciting force to reduce noise
Improve the performance of the contact between the moving parts
(B) control the transmission route
Ruoyin economic or technical reasons difficult to
implement control from the sound source, it is necessary to control the noise from the transmission.
Rational distribution, separate quiet downtown
The use of noise attenuation with distance law
Use of terrain, terrain or greening barriers to reduce noise
Using the sound source directional noise reduction
Take control of the means of acoustic noise propagation
(C) the recipient Protection
Human protection:
Hearing and head: earplugs, earmuffs
Sound proof helmets, etc.
Chest protection: Protective clothing
For machine protection:
Between noise, vibration isolation units
Common noise control measures
Noise control methods
measur e
Principle of noise reduction
The scope of application
The noise reductio n effect
sound absorp tion The use of sound-absorbing material or structure,reducing the plant,Indoor reflected sound,such as hanging absorber and so on.Noise workshop equipment Many and scattered
4-10dB
sound insula tion The use of acoustic structure,separating the noise source and r e c e i v i n g p o i n t s ,s u c h a s
acoustic enclosures,sound insulation and sound insulation between the screen
Shop workers,less noise equipment with acoustic enclosures;Conversely,with insulation between
10-40dB
noise deaden
er
The use of resistive,
resistance, hole injection
and spray principle porous
diffusion, reducing airflow
noise
Air power
pneumatic
equipment noise,
various exhaust
vent
15-40
dB
Isolat ion Dampin g隔振
减振The contact with a vibrating
device to elastic contact
with the floor, isolated
solid sound propagation; the
use of friction, reducing
vibration
Equipment
vibration
powerful, solid
sound propagation
far; mechanical
equipment
enclosures, pipe
vibration noise
severe
5-25
dB
Thank you !。