1篇文章搞定英语时态

1篇文章搞定英语时态月球之旅 A Journey to the moon一般现在时105 一般现在时的构成The moon and our earth are neighbours in space. The moon is about a quarter of a million miles away. Our earth has only one satellite, but some of the planets have several. The moon moves around the earth while the earth and the eight other planets move around the sun.106 一般现在时用于表示客观事实107 一般现在时用于表示真理、格言和谚语Humankind knows much about the moon. To give just one small example, something that weights 1,000 grams on the earth is only 166 grams on the moon.Newton said many years ago that there is a gravitational pull between any two objects. If a man wants to step on the moon, he has to escape the earth’s gravity. It’s not easy, of course. But where there is a will, there is a way.108一般现在时表示经常存在的状态或发生的动作People also know how to mark time by the cycle of the moon. There is a full moon once a month. Some people often take walks on the night of the rising room. They sometimes walk along the beach all night.109 一般现在时表示现在时刻的稳定状态They think it is romantic. They want to enjoy life to its fullest.Miss Brown is one of these people. She hopes that each morning will bring a new adventure. She loves the excitement of life and hates to repeat the same work day after day.Miss Brown is a secretary and works for NASA. She writes letters, answers the telephone, and meets people. She is a good secretary and uses computers skillfully. She helps her boss to plan his time and to finish his work.110 一般现在时表示严格按计划发生的将来情形Here is one of the plans:We leave Washington at 9:00 next Monday and arrive in London at 12:00. We s pend three days in London and leave for Pairs at 17:30 next Thursday.111 一般现在时可以代替现在完成时的个别表现形式It is seven years since she became a secretary.112 一般现在时表示将来的情形Miss Brown is tired of her work and her boss knows that. If nothing goes wrong, she will take a new job when she comes back from Europe.113 一般现在时用于表示操作性示范说明Now Miss Brown works as a narrator for visitors to the space. “You may wonder how the moon always appears to have the same face toward the earth as it circles around it. There is an easy answer. Stand in a room, and place a chair in front of you. You are the moon. The chair is the earth. Now, go around the chair, facing it at all times...... Want to see a real spaceship? Okay. Go straight through the hall, turn left and cross a playground.114 以here，there开头的感叹句中用一般现在时“You can either walk or take a bus. Oh! Here comes the bus.”115 现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作Thousands of Americans are waiting for an exciting moment at Cape Kennedy in Florida. In fact, people all over the world are talking about the journey to the moon these days.116 现在进行时与一般现在时的比较The journalists are busy writing special reports. They usually wear very casual clothes but they are wearing suits today.117 现在进行时表示委婉的语气“I am wondering if you can tell us more about this flight.”118 现在进行时表示临时性的情形Even the toughest journalists are being polite.119 现在进行时可用于表示对人或对物的看法Journalists are always trying their best to write special stories.120 持续性动词用于现在进行时以表示动作的生动性与临时性“Thirty seconds and counting.” a voice from the loudspeaker reaches far.The powerful rocket is standing still against the blue sky.121 现在进行时可以表示将来的动作“Five...Four... Three... Two.... One....”Then, suddenly, all engines are roaring and Apollo 11 is rising gently into the sky. Three men are moving towards the moon.They are coming back to the earth eight days later.122 瞬间动词用于现在进行时的情形Four days later, more than 500 million people are watching on very poor quality television pictures as the spaceship reaches moon.Then, a foot moves into the picture.“That is one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”People all over the world are jumping and cheering. Before long, thousands of engineers and scientists in other countries are joining the research groups for space exploration.一般过去式123 一般过去时的含义与构成In the past, people were not clear about how a human being could live and work outside the earth. In fact, they had little knowledge about space. Before the first man went into space, some scientists believed that the astronauts might be very confused by silence and loneliness.124 would和used to的异同The scientists would try to imagine how the astronauts would survive, for there used to be a theory that the heart might be weakened by having too little work to do in space and so be unable to stand the train of coming back to the earth. Because of these fears, some people used to give up the attempt to travel in space.125 含有used to的一组短语的不同用法However, what happened later changed their minds. A dog was sent into space with a satellite. The little dog seemed a bit uneasy at first, but she soon got used to living in space.That suggested that astronauts could also be used to living and working in space, if they have a careful training. Actually, some scientific instruments were used to get the necessary data for the training.过去进行时126 过去进行时的基本含义与构成The training for landing on the moon was so easy. It would also be dangerous. One day, three American astronauts were training themselves when fire suddenly broke out inside a spaceship on the ground.127 过去进行时表示背景时的用法128 过去进行时可以表示两个动作的对比While the astronauts were trying to open the hatch from the inside, the engineers were trying to open the hatch from the outside. But there was no way to open the hatch quickly, either from the inside or from the outside. The three astronauts soon died.129 过去进行时可以表示过去将来时的含义However, a new era was coming no matter what had happened.130 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别In the year that followed, the engineers were working hard to redesign the spaceship.131 过去进行时与always等连用时所表示的意义They were always trying their best to make each part a perfect one.What the Apollo people remembered most was not the three astronauts’deaths but something one of them had said: “If we die, we want people to accept it. The conquest of space is worth the risk of life.”过去完成时132 过去完成时的含义与构成Before Apollo 11 visited the moon, Americans had sent ten other spaceships into space. Humans had been to space many times before Apollo 10 returned to the earth.133 过去完成时表示的“经历”含义By the end of July, 1969, the American government had paid over $5 billion on the space program. Humankind hadn’t had any other greater project than Project Apollo.134 过去完成时表示的持续性动作或状态Landing on the moon requires a lot of time and effort. Scientists had done their research for years before they got what they needed. Engineers had worked hard since they began to design the first spaceship.135 过去时表示过去完成时的情形They read the first book on space travel by a Russian high school teacher, studied the rockets made by the German scientists during World War II, talked with hundreds of plane pilots and made five sets of plans for the moon landing.136 表示“打算”含义的动词在过去完成时中的多义性They had intended to send a spaceship weighing 150,000 pounds directly to the moon.过去将来时137 过去将来时的基本含义与“would+动词原形”表示的过去将来But that meant that humans would land on the moon many years later.138 “was（或were）going to+动词原形”表示的过去将来Americans were not going to spend much more money and wait for years to build a giant rocket. They were also going to send five parts of a spaceship into space with five smaller rockets.139 “was（或were）to+动词原形”表示的过去将来Engineers on the ground were to have the five separate parts “meet” in space.140 表示“移动”含义的动词用过去进行时表示的过去将来But there would be serious problem if the five parts failed to come together at the same time. At last, NASA decided to adopt a plan suggested by an engineer named Houbolt. According to this plan, Apollo would go into orbit around the moon. A small spaceship named Eagle would separate from Apollo and land on the moon.Apollo 11 was leaving for the moon soon.141 “was（或were）about to+动词原形”表示的过去将来、An exciting day was about to come.142 现在完成时的基本概念及其“已完成”与“未完成”含义“Forward, forward..... good! Forty feet. Drift to the right a little. Okay. Engines stop. The Eagle has landed!”A visit to the moon has been a dream of human beings for thousands of years. The world has listened to the news reports about Apollo 11 for several months. For Americans, they have waited for the great day since 1961.143 一般现在时代替现在完成时的情形It was in that year that President Kennedy announced a national goal in his speech to the American people: “By the end of 1960s, the United States of America is to land a man on the moon and return him safely to the earth.”It is eight years since President Kennedy was killed.144 从现在向过去追溯的时间段与现在完成时In the past eight years, people haven’t got any satisfactory explanation about his death,.....145 瞬间动词、持续性动词与现在完成时....., though they have asked from time to time.146 现在完成时与时间状语连用与否时表达的不同含义They have been keen for the explanation but in vain.147 序数词、最高级和现在完成时的连用However, they never forget the youngest president in American history. Today, a million people have made their camps around the launching site called Cape Kennedy. It is the first time that a human being has ever set foot on another object in space. It is also the most exciting TV program people have ever watched.148 说话时仍处于“现在”时间段中的现在完成时Americans have sent three Apollo spaceships to explore the moon this year.149 have been to与have gone to的区别Apollo 9and Apollo 10have been to the moon orbit to get the necessary data. NowApollo 11has gone to the moon.150 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别The astronauts have prepared for the journey for seven years. During the past few months, they have also practised landing on the moon.Following the voyage of Apollo 9, engineers decided that one more test flight was needed.They wanted to test the landing module near the moon. Three astronauts did so during the flight of Apollo 10.151 现在完成时可以表示将来完成时的含义It is certain that people will visit other planets when they have mastered more advanced technologies.现在完成进行时152 现在完成进行时的基本含义与结构In the control room at Houston, hundreds of men have been watching their instruments since Apollo 11 took off.153 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别（一）In order to send instant advice about correcting any trouble, they have been working on all problems.154 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别（二）Now Apollo 11 is returning to the earth. Suddenly the astronauts’ radio is out of touch with the ground. Fortunately, Armstrong breaks the dead silence with a calm voice a few minutes later.“Everything is Okay now. We have been trying to contact you. We are still badly shaken,” Armstrong says.Since the astronauts have gained control of the spaceship again, there is nothing for the men on the ground to worry about.155 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别（三）Apollo 11 is coming home. It falls more and more slowly until it softly touches the blue wave.“We have been looking forward to your return from the moon,” President Nixon greets the three astronauts with a smile. “You look great! You feel as good as you look?”一般将来时156 shall和will表示的将来含义Time: April 11, 1970Place: Cape Kennedy in Florida“We’ll go for launch.”157 be about to和现在进行时表示的将来含义The loudspeaker is keeping the thousands of onlookers coming toward the launch. “Two minutes and counting.”Apollo 13 is about to take off.Fewer people are watching the take-off on television. Astronauts have made moon flight seem routine. “They are coming back in a few days.”158 be going to 表示的将来情形“We are going to collect more rocks to study where the moon is from,”scientists say.Apollo 13has been sailing smoothly through space for two days when the astronauts hear a loud bang outside the spaceship.There is going to be a disaster.159 be going to与will都表示“打算”时的区别“Houston, we have a problem here. One oxygen tank is empty and the other is losing pressure. We will go to the lunar module.”160 “be to +动词原形”表示的将来情形The commander, Lovell, gives his first order to the other two astronauts: “You are to leave here at once.”Down on earth telephones are ringing all over America. The officers in the control room have to decide what to do next.“Odyssey, this is Houston. I am to inform you that your landing on the moon has been cancelled. Your new task is to go back home.”Apollo 13 is now 320,000 kilometers from the earth with little oxygen, electricity or water. The engineers on the earth are to work out a way to help the astronauts to connect the air-cleaning devices of the command module to that of the lunar module.“Odyssey, you can make the connector from plastic bags, cardboards and tapes. Such things are to be found in your space suits.”Believe it or not, the homemade connector works perfectly!“Houston, we are to contact again when we have finished the other half of the orbit around the moon.”The lunar module is not comfortable at all and the astronauts come to get excited easily.“The health belt is not to be removed from the body!” the doctors on the earth warm when they can get no information about their health. But the astronauts won’t listen. If things continue as they are going, anything could happen.Now Apollo 13 is entering the atmosphere and it is out of contact with control room.“God, am I never to see him again?” the astronauts’ wives, family and friends turn their eyes to the sky.161 表示将来情形的其他形式“Odyssey. This is Houston. Can you hear me?” the control center repeatedly attempts to contact the spaceship.No answer. No answer. Still no answer.If the silence goes to for another five minutes, NASA will have to assume they are dead.“Houston. This is Odyssey,” a faint voice suddenly greets people’s ears. “It’s so good to come back home!”The flight of Apollo 13 is a failure, but humans will not rest for a while until they have collected more information from the moon.NASA has made a new timetable for the space travel.Apollo 14takes off in January, 1971.Apollo 15takes off in July, 1971.Apollo 16takes off in April, 1972.A new spaceship will be visiting Mars in 2003.People believe that humankind will have visited more plants by the end of the 21st century.“A small step for a man” is a statement of fact; “a giant leap for mankind”is a hope for the future.（注：范文素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。