09四级阅读讲解
2009年9月国家公共英语(四级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年9月国家公共英语（四级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.In addition to the established energy sources such as gas, coal, oil and nuclear, there are a number of other sources that we ought to consider. Two of these are hydroelectric and tidal power. These two sources are【21】______ in that they are both renewable. 【22】______ , hydropower is more widely used than tidal. In【23】______ , a substantial amount of electricity is already produced in HEP (hydroelectric power)stations worldwide, 【24】______ tidal stations are still in the very early【25】______ of development. As far as geographical【26】______ is concerned, HEP projects are to be found on lakes and rivers, while tidal【27】______ are constructed only at river mouths where tidal【28】______ is great. Unfortunately these are【29】______ in number. At present HEP stations are found mainly in Norway, Canada, Sweden and Brazil, whereas tidal plants are in【30】______ in France, Russia and China. As regards capital【31】______ , both require very high investment. On the other hand, generating【32】______ are quite low in both cases. In fact, a large scale HEP plant is capable of producing power more【33】______ than conventional sources, such as coal, oil and nuclear plants. Tidal power also compares【34】______ with nuclear and oil generated electricity, 【35】______ the amount of money on production. 【36】______ HEP stations, tidal constructions have a long life【37】______ . It is estimated that they can operate for over 100 years. With respect to【38】______ of supply, tidal stations【39】______ from HEP ones in that they often can only supply power【40】______. HEP stations, however, pro vide a constant supply of electricity.1．【21】A．compatibleB．parallelC．similarD．identical正确答案：C解析：compatible兼容的；parallel平行的；similar类似的；identical完全相同的，一模一样的；similar常与介词in连用表示在某方面相似，这里表示水力电能和潮汐能的相似之处在于两者都可再生，故选C。
2009年英语专业四级阅读解析版本
TEXT ADo you realize that every time you take a step, the bones in your hip are subjected to forces between four and five times your body weight? [81]When you are running, this force is increased further still. What happens if through disease a hip-joint ceases to be able to resist such forces? For many years hip-joints and other body joints have been replaceable either partially or completely. It is after all a simple ball and socket joint; it has certain loads imposed on it; it needs reliability over a defined life; it must contain materials suitable for the working environment.[82]Any engineer will recognize these as characteristic of a typical engineering problem,(工程师觉得这是一个典型的机械问题) which doctors and engineers have worked together to solve, in order to bring a fresh lease（租约；租期；租赁物；租赁权）of life to people who would otherwise be disabled.This typifies the way in which engineers work to help people and create a better quality of life. The fact that this country has the most efficient agricultural industry in the world is another good example. [84]Mechanical engineers have worked with farmers and biologists to produce fertilizers, machinery and harvesting systems. This team effort has now produced crops uniformly waist high or less so that they are better suited to [83]mechanical harvesting. Similar advances with other crops have released people from hard and boring jobs for more creative work, whilst [83]machines harvest crops more efficiently with less waste. Providing more food for the rapidly increasing population is yet another role for the mechanical engineer.81. According to the passage, when would most weight be imposed on hip-joints?A. When one is walking.B. When one is running.C. When one is standing.D. When one is lying down.解析：细节类。
2009年英语专业四级阅读解析版本
TEXT ADo you realize that every time you take a step, the bones in your hip are subjected to forces between four and five times your body weight? [81]When you are running, this force is increased further still. What happens if through disease a hip-joint ceases to be able to resist such forces? For many years hip-joints and other body joints have been replaceable either partially or completely. It is after all a simple ball and socket joint; it has certain loads imposed on it; it needs reliability over a defined life; it must contain materials suitable for the working environment.[82]Any engineer will recognize these as characteristic of a typical engineering problem,(工程师觉得这是一个典型的机械问题) which doctors and engineers have worked together to solve, in order to bring a fresh lease（租约；租期；租赁物；租赁权）of life to people who would otherwise be disabled.This typifies the way in which engineers work to help people and create a better quality of life. The fact that this country has the most efficient agricultural industry in the world is another good example. [84]Mechanical engineers have worked with farmers and biologists to produce fertilizers, machinery and harvesting systems. This team effort has now produced crops uniformly waist high or less so that they are better suited to [83]mechanical harvesting. Similar advances with other crops have released people from hard and boring jobs for more creative work, whilst [83]machines harvest crops more efficiently with less waste. Providing more food for the rapidly increasing population is yet another role for the mechanical engineer.81. According to the passage, when would most weight be imposed on hip-joints?A. When one is walking.B. When one is running.C. When one is standing.D. When one is lying down.解析：细节类。
大学英语专业四级阅读理解模拟试题(含答案)(09)
PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with foursuggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT AAt some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However,chances are that you don’t act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action iswrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over theyears within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectlyacceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered soupsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important bookssuch as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance ofexpressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is topic thatAmericans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as theirproducts to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the otherhand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious societylike the U.S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”．It’s not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim andThe pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America’s fas and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As inmost technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during thecourse of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand.Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, peopleeasily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans arespending more of their time exercising.1.From the passage we can infer taboo is__.A.a strong desire to do something strange or terrible.B.a crime committed on impulse.C.behavior considered unacceptable in society’s eyes.D.an unfavorable impression left on other people.2.Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude “being fat” __ in American society.A.will always remain a taboo.B.is not considered a taboo by most people.C.has long been a taboo.D.may no longer be a taboo some day.3.The topic of fat is __ many other taboo subjects.A.the same asB.different fromC.more popular thanD.less often talked about than.4.In the U.S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”, this means__.A.thin is “inside”, fat is “outside”．B.thin is “diligent”, fat is “lazy”．C.thin is “youthful”, fat is “spiritless”．D.thin is “fashionable”, fat is “unfashionable”．5.Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason thepassage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is__.A.their changed life-style.B.their eagerness to stay thin and youthful.C.their appreciation of the importance of exercise.D.the encouragement they have received from their companies.TEXT BThe discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, butcreated what might be called “the heroic age of Antarctic exploration”. By their tremendous heroism, m Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age,little more than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance,future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar tractionrather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and enormous field ofwork awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and themaping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Oncetheir labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe willfurnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, and almostinexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Suchdiscoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries oflight, and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making theseareas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, for the Antarctic refueling bases will makeflights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5,000 miles journey.The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that theclimate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of hisparties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that they survived the rigors of theAntarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume thathuman beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthyclimate in the world, for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent, and rendered itabsolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which mansuffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservationand preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may evenbe that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world.Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent, and what so few years agoof human life and endeavor.was regarded as a “dead continent” now promises to be a most active center6.When did man begin to explore the AntarcticA.About 100years ago.B.In this century.C.At the beginning of the 19th century.D.In 1798.7.What must the explorers be, even though they have modern equipment and techniquesA.Brave and toughB.Stubborn and arrogant.C.Well-liked and humorous.D.Stout and smart.8.The most healthy climate in the world is___.A.in South America.B.in the Arctic Region.C.in the Antarctic Continent.D.in the Atlantic Ocean.9.What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the AntarcticA.Magnetite, coal and ores.B.Copper, coal and uranium.C.Silver, natural gas and uranium.D.Aluminum, copper and natural gas.10.What is planned for the continentA.Building dams along the coasts.B.Setting up several summer resorts along the coasts.C.Mapping the coast and whole territory.D.Setting up permanent bases on the coasts.TEXT CWithout regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; withoutothers we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify moods and actions, our inclination to eator drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones domore than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and mayeven determine an individual’s behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glandsand the body’s changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusiveprovince of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as aseparate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion.This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through thebloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing thatspecial cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs ortissues. Bayliss and starling demonstrated that chemical integration could occur without participation of thenervous system.The term “hormone” was first used with reference to secretion. Starling derived the term from the Greekhormone, meaning “to excite or set in motion. The term “endocrine” was introduced shortly thereafter “Endocrine” is used to refer to glands that secret products into the bloodstream. The term “e with “exocrine”, which is applied to glands that secret their products though ducts to the site of action. Examplesof exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secrets pancreatic juice through aduct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless.11.What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?A.To explain the specific functions of various hormones.B.To provide general information about hormones.C.To explain how the term “hormone” evolved.D.To report on experiments in endocrinology.12.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?A.The human body requires large amounts of most hormones.B.Synthetic hormones can replace a person’s natural supply of hormones if necessary.C.The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a person’sD.The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early in life.13.It can be inferred from the passage that before the Bayliss and Starling experiments, most people believed thatchemical integration occurred only___.A.during sleep.B.in the endocrine glands.C.under control of the nervous system.D.during strenuous exercise.14.The word “liberate” could best be replaced by which of the following?A.EmancipateB.DischargeC.SurrenderD.Save15.According to the passage another term for exocrine glands is___.A.duct glandsB.endocrine glandsC.ductless glandsD.intestinal glands.TEXT DIf the old maxim that the customer is always right still has meaning, then the airlines that ply the worldbusiest air route between London and Paris have a flight on their hands.The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customersin increasing numbers. In late May, it carried its one millionth passenger, having run only a limited servicebetween London, Paris and Brussels since November 1994, starting with two trains a day in each direction to Parisand Brussels. By 1997, the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year, and continue togrow from there.From July, Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris, and five betweenLondon and Brussels. Each train carries almost 800 passengers, 210 of them in first class.The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%-20% of their London-Paris traffic to therailways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995), with 15 trains a day each way. A similar servicewill start to Brussels. The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returningto previous levels within two to three years.In the short term, the damage caused by the 1 million people-levels traveling between London and Paris andBrussels on Eurostar trains means that some air services are already suffering. Some of the major carriers say thattheir passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and point to their rivals-Particularly Air France-as havingsuffered the problems. On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines reportanything from around a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic.The airlines' optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent. British Midland, forexample, points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by 15%when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line between London and Yorkshire. Two years later, travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying record numbers of passengers.16.British airlines confide in the fact that__.A.they are more powerful than other European airlines.B.their total loss won’t go beyond a drop of 5% passengers.C.their traffic levels will return in 2-3 years.D.traveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air.17.The author’s attitude towards the drop of passengers may be described as__.A.worried.B.delightedC.puzzled.D.unrivaled.18.In the passage, British Rail (Para 6) is mentioned to__.A.provide a comparison with Eurostar.B.support the airlines’ optimism.C.prove the inevitable drop of air passengers.D.call for electrification and modernization of the railway.19.The railway’s Brussels route is brought forth to show that__.A.the Eurostar train service is not doing good business.B.the airlines can well compete with the railway.C.the Eurostar train service only caused little damage.D.only some airlines, such as Air France, are suffering.20.The passage is taken from the first of an essay, from which we may well predict that in the following part theauthor is going to__.-mindedness.A.praise the airlines’ clearB.warn the airlines of high-speed rail services.C.propose a reduction of London/Paris flights.D.advise the airlines to follow British Midland as their model.答案： 1-5 CDBDB 6-10 AACBD 11-15 BDCBA 16-20 ABCB。
CET-4 阅读理解专题讲座
5类词性考查
名词：主语、定语、介词的宾语和动词的宾 语
动词：原形、第三人称单数、过去式 动词的现在分词和过去分词： 1. 现在分词：与be动词构成进行时；用作形容
词，在句中作表语或定语；作伴随状语 2. 过去分词：用于完成时态；用于构成被动语
态；作形容词，在句中作表语或定语；作伴 随状语
形容词：可在句中作表语，位于系动词 之后；也可作定语，修饰名词。在形容 词前后常见的是名词、副词、be动词或 系动词。
CET-4 阅读理解专题讲座
阅读理解部分概述
阅读理解部分在整套四级试卷中所占比 例为35%，等同于听力，故有 “得阅 读者得四级” 之说！
试题类型： 1. 快速阅读 2. 篇章词汇理解 3. 篇章阅读理解 大纲解读：快速+准确
快速阅读
基本要求：要求考生在15分钟内读完一 篇1000词左右的文章，并解答后面的10 道问题；要求考生运用略读(skimming) 和查读(scanning) 的技能从文章中获取 信息。略读考查学生获取文章主旨大意 或中心思想的能力，查读考查学生利用 各种提示快速查找特定信息的能力。
标题型：
Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 目的型：
The purpose of the writer in writing the passage is to___.
2个观点态度题的考查方向
阅读理解中常会问到作者或文中人物对某 一问题的态度(attitude) 或全文的基调 (tone)。观点态度题的回答应从篇章的题 材入手，一般而言，在说明文中作者的 态度是客观的或中立的。 作者对别人观点的理解 作者自己的观点
2009年12月英语四级真题精讲-深度阅读
1. candidate n. 候选人，申请求职者【文中实例】Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they'll change America. 在这个持久而紧张的选举中，每个候选人都成为了众人的焦点，人们关注着他们如何来改变整个美国。
【实例拓展】He is running as a candidate for Liberal party。
他作为民主党候选人参选。
【举一反三】同义词applicant，seeker，nominee n. 申请者，候选人2. fascinate v. 使着迷，使极感兴趣【文中实例】I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, ....我更期待米歇尔·奥巴马，不止期待着她能够为这个国家做些什么，......。
【实例拓展】Her beauty fascinated every boy. 她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。
【举一反三】派生词 fascinated a. 着迷的；fascinating a. 令人着迷的；fascination n. 魅力3. prevailing a. 普遍的，盛行的，流行的【文中实例】The prevailing theory seems to be that we're all hot-tempered single mothers who can't keep a man. 时下流行的看法是大多黑人女性都是脾气暴躁的单身妈妈，吸引不住男人。
【实例拓展】a prevailing set of cultural values 一套盛行的文化价值观【举一反三】派生词prevail (over) v. 胜过，压倒，占优势4. stereotype n. 陈规，固定的看法【文中实例】Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can't escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers. 在人们的想象中，黑人女性给人留下的刻板印象往往是：受人歧视，性交过度，通常被未婚的酒鬼老妈养大。
大学英语四级阅读方法技巧讲解PPT
Thank you！
• 解析：文章段落内容冗长，但只需抓住重点即 可快速做答。题目问到两个公司 Reebok和Nike ，快速浏览段落就可以发现这两个公司是在最 后一句才同时出现的。所以先忽略过前面的内 容，重点看最后一句。题目问的是Reebok 从 Nike的分销问题上能汲取什么教训，而最后一 句明显提到Nike在几年前错误判断了一个事情， 此时考生不用往下再看，紧紧抓住misjudge这 个动 作：既然Nike在几年前misjudge，Reebok 汲取到的教训当然是不要misjudge，直接对应 D选项中的correctly evaluate，即“正确评估”。
• 第二步，对照答案，针对做错的题目，在不查单词的前提 下，尽量根据上下文看出答题线索，并总结错误原因。
•
考生要抓住长难句的逻辑结构和论述方向来理解段落，
应对题目。段落的开头和结尾也属于比较重要的位置，重
点把握这两个位置，就能迅速了解段落大 意。同时，考生
千万不要小看文章中出现解释或说明的地方，那往往是考
• 下面举个例子：
• 例：Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness_related craze replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.
2009年6月英语四级阅读理解真题与答案详解
Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult.How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think the y can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice.I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing .Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language .A) closer I) painfulB) daily J) performanceC) emotional K) professionD) enhance L) remarkablyE) enormous M) requireF) especially N) sensitiveG) hinder O) urgeH) missionSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many topdesigners to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, o rganic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,”says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothe s, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt f or “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about FutureFashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care a bout it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.答案：Section A47. M require“要求”。
2009年专四解析
专四阅读解题技巧---以2009年专四真题为例[日期：2011-11-28] 来源：基础英语作者：基础英语阅读：53次[字体：大中小]2009年专业英语四级阅读理解部分与往年相比难度持平，题型相当，涉及说明、议论、记叙和描写等各种文体手段，囊括微观扫读（scanning）、宏观略读（skimming）和推理论证(inference) 等多项阅读策略。
下面就各种考点的解题手段和注意事项逐一进行说明。
一、准确定位原文，认真研读细节与往年一样，事实型细节题仍是最主要的考点。
这种题型难度不大，主要考查考生利用微观扫读（scanning）的策略，从词句的角度理解原文的重点细节。
解题时注意两点即可：（一）准确定位，即根据题干中出现的关键词迅速返回原文，找到题目在原文当中相应的出处。
这个过程有两个问题，首先是什么样的词才能成为关键词。
关键词有两种，第一种是类似于数字、大写字母等比较醒目的字眼，因其醒目，故可以快速定位；另一种是题干中意义的重心，一般是实词（名词、动词、形容词和副词），这样的词往往直接涉及文章中重点细节信息，有利于定位的准确性。
例如：09年92题中的the Global Su pport Centre，98题的Raoul，99题的Mickey等，都是可以用来定位的首字母大写的专有名词；81题的most weight 和hip-joints，82题的the replacement of hip-joints，83题的increasing efficiency of the agricultural industry等，这些都属于实词定位。
其次，定位过程中还有一个文同题序的原则，即出题的顺序和文章脉络发展的顺序相当。
把关键词查找和这个原则结合起来，就会大大提高定位的速度和准确度。
（二）句间关系解读。
当我们把一道细节题定位到文章中的某个句子时，并不一定靠该句本身就可以解决问题，而通常要看该句和周围句子之间的逻辑关系，这种逻辑关系包含解释、并列、顺序、重复等。
2009年12月英语四级阅读理解真题与答案详解
Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about wh at they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of th e university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job s he had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body.Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.C) American universities are enrolling more international students.D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.B) Their operation is under strict government supervision.C) They are strengthening their position by globalization.D) Most of their revenues come from the government.65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____.A) she was known to be good at raising moneyB) she could help strengthen its ties with YaleC) she knew how to attract students overseasD) she had boosted Yale’s academic status66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?A) They can enhance the university’s image.B) They will bring with them more international faculty.C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.D) They can set up new academic disciplines.参考答案：Passage One文章大意：本文是一篇议论文，选自《新闻周刊》2008年11月刊，题目为MICHELLE OBAMA IS A BLACK SKINNED BEAUTY!。
大学英语四级真题讲解09年12月真题考试试卷评讲
90.Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers. 与……保持同步：keep pace with…… 消费者： consumers 不断增长的： constantly increasing continually：屡屡地，再三地，不断 continuously：连续不断地，不停歇地 需求： demands；needs
qualification
n.
1.合格证书 1.合格证书 Jack has obtained a medical qualification.杰克取得了行医 资格证书。 2.资格 资格, 2.资格, 条件 You have all qualifications to do the job.你有资格做这份工 作。 3.限制 限制, 3.限制, 限定性条件 The contract has several qualifications for both parties. 该合同对双方都提出了几个限制性条件。 4.学历 资历；获得资格，合格， 学历； 4.学历；资历；获得资格，合格，达到标准
91.The more exercise you take, the less likely you are to catch a cold. The+比较级，the+比较级 “越……，越……” 不大可能做某事：be less likely to do sth 得感冒： catch a cold
作文写作中出现的问题
?since常常用在书面语中表示多为对方已知的或稍加分析便可得知的原因有时可译作既然分析便可得知的原因有时可译作既然
2009年12月英语四级真题精讲：快速阅读
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aidGood grades and high tests scores still matter-a lot-to many colleges as they award financial aid.But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as "merit aid", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients（接受者）, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility（资格）have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. "They're trying to buy students," says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum.Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it."As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid," says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered meritscholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, "served us well," Inzer says, but "to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more."Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level.Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions.But in recent years, a growing chorus（异口同声）of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be "a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on," says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors."No one can take one-sided action," says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption（豁免）from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, "This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves."A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.That's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely."We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship," says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment.Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment（捐赠）, meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program."Yeah, we're playing the merit game," acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. "The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market."＊A few words about merit-based aid:Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.Academic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process.Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel（突出）in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee （裁判）. Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio （选辑）of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are ________.A) offering students more merit-based aid B) revising their financial aid policiesC) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program.C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether.D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______.A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollmentsC) attract good students D) increase their revenues4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.A) it doesn't pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its rankingB) it gives students motivation to award academic achievementsC) it's illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its studentsD) it's not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to ______.A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutionsC) the increasing number of top students D) schools' improved financial situations6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?A) They would like to see it reduced.B) They regard it as a necessary evil.C) They think it does more harm than good.D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.7. Why doesn't Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely?A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families.B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it.D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ______.9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their exceptional athletic performance.10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ in a particular artistic field.篇章结构核心词汇1. aid n. ①帮助，援助②助手v. 帮助，援助【用】financial aid经济援助；merit aid/ Merit-based奖学金；need-based aid助学金或经济资助；foreign aid外援，对外援助；hearing aid助听器；aids and appliances用具，设备【搭】in aid to用来帮助，起......作用；lead one's aid (to)援助，给予帮助；in aid of 作为援助......之用【拓】aidance n. 协助，帮助；aidant a. 帮助的；aided a. 辅助的2. project v. ①设计②发射n. 事业，计划，工程【用】Project Hope希望工程；project manager项目经理；project plan项目规划；project budget项目预算，工程预算【拓】projection n. 突出，发射；projecting a. 突出的3. selective a. 选择性的【用】selective analysis重点分析；selective breeding选择育种，选择性繁殖【拓】select v. 挑选，选拔a. 精选的；selection n. 选择，挑选，选集4. package n. 包裹；套装软件，程序包a. 一揽子的【用】package design包装设计；package agreement一揽子安排，一揽子方案；package holiday （旅行社安排一切的）一揽子旅游；package tour包办旅行（路线、地点、时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排的旅游）；package program组装程序【拓】pack n.包装，背包v. 包装，压紧；packaged a. 袋装的；packager n. 打包机5. ranking a. 头等的；n. 等级，地位【用】ranking list排名；ranking method等级法，排序法【拓】rank n. 等级；队列；v. 排列，列队6. grant v. ①授予②承认；n. ①授予物②拨款【用】grant of a patent授予专利权【搭】take...for granted认为......是理所当然； Granted/Granting that即使......（也）【拓】grants n. 补助金，津贴（grant的复数）7. enrol v. 登记，入学，参军，注册【搭】enrol in选课，参加【拓】enrollment n. 登记，入伍；enrollee n. 入学者，入伍者8. eliminate v. 消除，排除【用】eliminate illiteracy扫盲；eliminate poverty消除贫困；eliminate noise 消除噪声【拓】eliminate 是指把已进入者从中排除；exclude v. 指把想进入者拒之门外9. qualify v. 使具有资格，证明......合格【用】qualifying examination资格考试，初试；qualifying competition预选赛，资格赛【搭】qualify as 取得......资格，作为......合适；qualify for有......的资格，合格【拓】qualified a. 有资格的，合格的10. excel v. 胜过，优于，擅长n. [计算机] 软件名称【搭】to excel in/at (在某方面)胜过(或超过)别人；to excel in music 擅长音乐【拓】 excellent a. 极好的，卓越的；excellence n. 优秀，长处11. submit v. 使服从，提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵守纪律；submit registration提交登记表，提交注册【搭】submit to 服从；submit...to 将......呈交给【拓】 submission n. 服从，投降试题详解1. 【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院＿＿。
四级篇章阅读 主旨大意题及10大题眼设置
篇章阅读巅峰讲座四级考试中篇章阅读一共两篇，大纲规定每篇长度在300到350词之间，但近几次考试中篇章阅读的长度却大都在350词以上。
每篇篇章阅读后设5道多项选择题，两篇共10题。
篇章阅读主要测试考生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力，包括理解主旨大意和重要细节的能力、综合分析能力、推理判断能力以及根据上下文推测词义的能力等。
Lecture 1第一讲10大敏感设题题眼一、篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处文章的主题句经常出现在首段，段落的主题句经常出现在段首。
另外，首段的末句或第二段的首句也是文章主题句的高发点。
文章的尾段或段落的结尾一般会是概括或总结性的陈述，经常会得出某种结论或提出某项建议。
因此，文章的篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处经常被作为篇章阅读题设题的重要题眼，而且大多是考查对文章或段落主旨的理解。
【例1】（09 12 66）【原文】Of course, fund raising isn t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.【题目】66. In what way do top level administrators from abroad contribute to u niversity development? ［A］They can enhance the university s image.［B］They will bring with them more international faculty.［C］They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.［D］They can set up new academic disciplines. 【解析】选［C］。
09专四真题及答案解析
09专四真题及答案解析在备考英语专业四级考试（即专四）的过程中，了解和熟悉以往的真题以及正确答案的解析是非常重要的。
通过对真题的练习和分析，考生能够更好地了解所需掌握的知识点和答题技巧，提升自己的应试能力。
在09年的专四考试中，阅读理解部分是考生们需要重点关注的内容之一。
以下是一道来自09年的专四阅读理解真题及答案解析：Passage 1：Adolescence is often considered a culture apart fromthat of preadolescent children and adults. As such, adolescence is often viewed as a unitary psychological construct when, in fact, a quick review of the research literature reveals that the psychological experience of adolescents is variegated (多变的 ). Although mostadolescents successfully navigate the perils of thetransition from childhood to adulthood, a significantminority reports high levels of stress and relative vulnerability (脆弱性 ).A wealth of research tells us that social networksupport helps adults cope with stress and buffers (缓冲) negative psychological and physical consequences (结果). But despite the centrality (关键性) of social relationships to adolescents' emotional well-being, we know surprisinglylittle about the role of social networks during adolescence.In order to investigate this, we analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Our results offer valuable insights into the effects of relationships on adolescents' psychological well-being. First, similar to previous reports (报告), our findings indicate that adolescents with strong relationships report lower levels of depressive symptoms. Second, and equally important, the findings suggest that the disadvantages of having few friends or being isolated are most serious for adolescents. For adults, it is the quality, rather than the quantity (数量), of social relationships that primarily matters. But for adolescents, mere numbers also seem to count.Our results offer no clue as to why larger numbers of relationships are important, but an explanation emerges from the literature on peer status popularity. Popularity can be a double-edged sword (两面刃)—it seems to offer someprotective benefits, but it is also associated with negative psychological consequences. For example, popular boys tend to be physically aggressive and are at greater risk for substance abuse (滥用). Furthermore, popular adolescents are at increased risk for poor academic performance, delinquency (违法行为) and adjustment problems (适应问题).Although our results shed light on the importance of social relationships during adolescence, there is little research focusing on how the quality of social relationships affects adolescents' psychological well-being. Do positive relationships with adults or with peers predict fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, or substance abuse? Arethere critical transition points, such as changing schools, that disrupt the normal course of friendship development and place adolescents at increased risk for adjustment problems?In conclusion, social networks play a vital role in the emotional well-being of adolescents. Larger numbers of relationships seem to be important, possibly because of the association between popularity and psychological distress. Future research should aim to investigate the effects of the quality of social relationships on adolescents' psychological well-being, and explore how critical transitions impact friendship development.题目：The passage mainly discusses ________.A. the importance of social networks in adolescenceB. the different psychological experiences of adolescentsC. the popularity of adolescents and its impact on psychological well-beingD. the negative consequences of weak socialrelationships in adolescence答案解析：本文主要讨论的是社交网络在青少年中的重要性。
大学英语四级考试仔细阅读技巧讲解和真题分析.docx
大学英语四级考试仔细阅读技巧讲解和真题分析李洁慧一、选词填空题技巧讲解和真题分析（一）选词填空题题型介绍选词填空题是一篇长度为200个单词左右的文章，在文章中空出10个单词，后而有15个单词选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。
该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构，主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑关系等语篇整体特征的理解以及单词在实际语境屮的应用。
（二）解题步骤与技巧1.阅读选项，按词性分类选项中的15个单词是考查的关键，我们应该仔细理解这15个单词。
把15个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。
辨别词性要注意下面几点。
（1）动词还要再分，那就是谓语和非谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、动名词以及动词不定式等，其他的都是谓语动词。
（2）记不清楚的，看后缀。
常见的名词后缀W-tion, -ment, -ness, -ing, -ty, -age, -er, -ist；常见的形容词后缀有-ful,-ive, -able, -ous, -ish, -ern, -less；常见的副词后缀有・ly；常见的动词后缀有-ize, -en等。
⑶词性无法确定的单词，暂时搁置，并作岀相应的标记。
2.通读全文，灵活选择词性分类之后，回到原文，根据原文中空格前后的单词或者语句确定空格处所要填的词性，然后从中选出合适的词。
解题时如果碰到复杂句式或涉及上下句的情况，需理清句子的逻辑结构。
3.复读检查填空完成后，再次复读全文，检查上下文是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯等。
4.判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性的原则（1）空格处填名词所具特征如下：A）前面有物主代词或名词所有格；B）前面有冠词；C）前面有形容词；D）前面有不定代词。
（2）空格处填形容词的特征：A）在系表结构中形容词作表语；B）在名词前形容词作定语；C）在以-thing为字尾的不定代词之后作定语；D）在某些动词后面作补语，女山find+名词/代词+形容词。
大学英语四级阅读讲解
大学英语四级阅读讲解第一部分: 快速阅读I.SKIMMING AND SCANNIINGi) skimming就是以最快的速度获取最重要的信息，也就是文章的主旨和基本结构，再直接一点就是全文在说什么话题，每段分别讲哪个方面。
ii) scanning就是为了寻找某一特定信息而大致地快速地浏览。
II.快速阅读的技巧第一，按照此种方法可节省时间。
1、不读文章，直接看题干，划出定位词回原文定位。
定位词是提示新信息的词，数字、大写字母其次时间词，地点词，人物词。
2、做题顺序是先做第1到第3题，再做10、9、8，最后做4、5、6、7。
因为第1和第10是最容易定位做对的，在文章首尾，第1-第4题都是,N,Y,NG题，按照考试规律，一般有一道题答案是NG，位置一般是第3或是第4题，若第3题答案为N或是Y，那么第4题答案极其可能是NG，按上述顺序做题的话，到后来如果没有时间做第4题，那你最后毫不犹豫地蒙NG；如果第3题答案是NG，那么到后来没有时间的情况下，你就蒙N或是Y，至少有50%的可能蒙对。
第二，在平时训练快速阅读时，进行眼肌能训练，使眼肌能灵活自如，让视线如行云流水般地快速阅读，训练方法可按手指法（即目光随着手指左右，上下移动，头不要摇动），这样以来，定位速度就快了，这样也就容易做到高分了.第三，关于快速阅读题型，还有一点需要提醒的是，如果剩下时间大概只有3分钟，应马上做快速阅读的填空部分，从历次的填空题型看，基本上没有太大的难度，属于送分题型。
考生应在考场上重点把握这部分的分数。
新四级仔细阅读15选10题型题型简介老四级阅读理解中未曾出现过15选10题型。
部分备考的四级学员“谈新色变”。
本题型出现在仔细阅读部分（共25分钟），在两篇传统阅读文章之前（每篇文章解题时间约为9分钟）。
所以本题型共10道小题最佳完成时间应控制在7分钟。
解题步骤鉴于以上分析，题型步骤如下：一．标注词性，预先分组：把题目中给出的15个备选答案词汇进行词性分组。
09年四级阅读理解技巧
09年四级阅读理解技巧一、四级阅读应该遵循怎样的做题程序?关于阅读，我想首先当我们拿到一份考卷的时候，大家首先关注的点是我们应该怎么做我们的题目，我们做题的程序分别是什么，我想一个阅读要做好的话，首先要明白一点，我们四级里，35分钟做四篇文章的时间相对比较紧张，我们以前一般有的同学是，四加五或者是五加四的模式，四分钟的时间看文章，五分钟做题目。
或者是五分钟看文章，四分钟做题目，这个相对不是特别合理。
原因是四级里我们发现时间是不够的。
看文章是非常有效的，有有目的性。
?建议大家先看题目，再看问题。
言外之意，我们建议大家一个时间比例，一加四加四的模式，一分钟时间把后面的题目看一下，分别是考什么方向，考词汇，还是考推理，还是考细节。
做一个分析以后，看文章的时候，你发现，我这个题目主要是关注什么东西?比如说后面有的题目是看主题的。
你要看文章时，就要关注这个文章主题。
如果你发现后面的题目是关注一个细节。
你看文章的时候，要注意文章的一些细节。
如果后面的题目看得有效，看文章，阅读的任务也会非常明确。
所以建议大家，第一，先看我们后面的题干。
看题干，后面这四个选项就不用看了，因为四个选项有正确的选项，你看多了，反而会影响你的思维。
大家看题干看完之后，就可以看文章。
接下来用四分钟左右时间把文章看一下。
有同学可能会感觉看文章速度比较慢。
这是我呆会儿会看到阅读过程中可能会注意一些什么东西，或者是呈现什么特点。
?我建议大家四分钟看文章，然后再用四到五分钟时间把后面的题目做完。
只要你第一分钟是有效的，看文章之后，就会非常有方向感。
如果看文章是有方向感的，后面做题目，当然也非常有效。
我们就明白，其实在四级里，只要时间相对比较合理，做题程序合理化，我们发现，这还是可以做好的。
?这是第一个我要讲的关于四级阅读，我们大概的做题程序。
先看题干，再分析原文，最后做题目。
?在做题过程中，我强调两点，四分钟里，一定要回顾一下，刚才文章讲了什么东西。
2009年6月四级真题深度解析（新东方版）5
仔细阅读本次深度阅读的取材同样沿袭了近些年取材于外刊的传统。
第⼀篇阅读是环保类题材，讲的是green fashion，时尚圈也多了环保的⾊彩，⽂章取⾃2008年4⽉14⽇美国的Newsweek《新闻周刊》。
57题：答案为A. It inspired many leading designers to start going green.解析：由FutureFashion定位到原⽂第1段第1⾏，原⽂为the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time。
A选项中leading与原⽂top为同义替换，同样的还有start与for the first time。
58题：答案为D. quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available.解析：由Scott Hahn和challenge定位到原⽂第2段第1⾏，原⽂为…says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find。
D选项中are not readily available与can still be tough to find是同义替换。
注意，⽂中的synthetics（合成纤维）代表的是传统材料，⽽organic cotton等代表的是新型绿⾊材料。
59题：答案为D. are gaining more and more support.解析：直接定位到原⽂第3段，原⽂为Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support。
这是第3段的⾸句，也是中⼼句主旨句。
考⽣在考场上⾛捷径的话可以直接选到D选项。
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Lecturer : Long Yue (龙 跃) 龙
March 10, 2010 Email : longyue1027@
阅读应试技巧
快速泛读 （ Fast extensive reading ） ： 广泛 阅读量， 阅读量，并且涉及不同领域 计时阅读（ reading） 10分钟 分钟， 计时阅读（Timed reading）：5～10分钟，阅读 时先记下“起读时间” 阅读完毕，记下“ 时先记下“起读时间”，阅读完毕，记下“止读 时间” 即可计算出本次阅读速度。 时间”，即可计算出本次阅读速度。 略读（Skimming） 尽可能快的速度阅读， 略读（Skimming）：尽可能快的速度阅读，迅速 获取文章大意或中心思想 寻读（Scanning） 寻读（Scanning）：可以把整段整段的文字直接 映入大脑，不必字字句句过目。 映入大脑，不必字字句句过目。可以利用材料的 编排形式、章节标题和说明、 编排形式、章节标题和说明、提示词获得所需要 的信息。 的信息。
二 仔细阅读
提问形式难度上升 。 细节类题目中，对原因性提问，依然保持 了稳定。但是，从定位常见的表现形式来 看，原因性提问本身难度是大的。因为对 于议论或科普性文字，最容易表现的就是 因果逻辑的论证。因此，这种定位题难度 是高的。 例如，why dose Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?
在细节类题目本身难度上升，而主旨类考题成为测试重点的09年(6 月和12月两份试卷)四级试题中，我们还可以发现一种有意思的情况， 就是题目固然可以定位得到答案，但是，如果考生对主旨把握非常明 确的时候，利用主旨可以直接获取答案。这种细节类考题和主旨类考 题关系密切的表现，我们可以称之为“主旨类考题和细节类考题的融 合”。在这样的情况下，似乎考生可以选择自己喜欢或擅长的任何方 法(定位法或主旨法)来做题目。但是，时间消耗会明显不同，这就要 求学生在考场能够选择最快的方法运作。这是因为，定位法是慢的， 比之于主旨法。因此，在以后复习阶段，一定要考虑做题时间问题。 这样，也恰恰说明，我们需要强化主旨获取的能力，因为这样做题速 度会明显加快。而其实，这一复习思路，也和考试大纲“测试考生获 取主旨能力”的要求暗合。 真正要破解主旨类考题，还是需要实际能力的提升。如果没有词汇 量的支撑，无论使用怎样的技巧和方法都不可能运用自如。而且，词 汇掌握的模糊，直接影响了阅读速度和阅读质量。
Thank You!
Thank you!
大写字母的异化 细节提问中，大写字母的出现是正常的， 而且大写字母一直是经典的定位提示。但 是，这次的文章中，会发现，如果真的利 用题目中出现的大写字母比如“Michelle Obama”，是很难定位成功的。因为这里 的大写字母已经贯穿全文，并不表示细节， 相反上升为主旨。因此，定位容易失灵。
主旨类考题细节类考题的融合
一 快速阅读
定位法 从快速阅读的题型来看，它主要以选择题与判断正误提及填 空题为主。 快速阅读秉承了一贯的出题思路，难度适中。返回文章定 位还是最基本的思路。定位法在各个题目当中，也得到了充 分的体现。大写字母，连字符，程度或比较性词汇的出现， 依旧贯穿了定位的全过程。但是，这十个题目中，值得圈点 的是第5题“in recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based due to ?”提问 的原因在文章中不能明确体现。一方面增加了题目难度，另 一方面体现了快速阅读定位滑动的特点。从而为以后的快速 阅读复习从机械定位的转变提供新方向。 此次快速阅读主要讲的是大学的奖学金问题。从题目来看， 题目中出现的大多是学校的名字，人的名字以及时间，把这 些作为关键词使用从而再到文中去找答案将会有事半功倍的 效用。