高考英语语法词汇专项突破：4定语从句易混易错对比变式专项训练22组(答案解析版)

高考英语语法词汇专项突破：04-2定语从句易混易错对比变式专项训练22组(答案解析版)姓名：__________ 班级: _________ 限时：40分钟得分：____________养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

第一部分：根据语境填上一个合适的词，使句意完整。

Group1：
1. There are 52 students in the classroom, most of _________ are working carefully on their exercises.
2.There are 52 students in the classroom, and most of _________ are working carefully on their exercises.
3.There are 52 students in the classroom, most of _________ working carefully on their exercises.
参考答案：1.whom; 2.them; 3.them
简要解析：1.是非限制性定语从句；2.是并列句；3.是独立主格结构。

Group2：
1.Nobody believed his reason ________ being absent from class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport．
2. Nobody believed the first reason ________ he offered us. It was unbelievable anyway.
3. Nobody believed his reason ________ he was absent from class again, which caused too much trouble.
4. He was absent from class. Nobody believed his reason ______ he had to meet his uncle at the airport．
5.The reason for_______ he was absent from class was that he had to meet his uncle at the airport．
参考答案：1.for; 2.that; 3.why; 4.that; 5.which
简要简析：1.是介宾结构，与reason搭配表示“......的原因”；2.关系代词作宾语，先行词被序数词修饰；3.先行词reason，关系副词why作原因状语，其后内容表示结果；4.从句不缺成分，句子成分完整，从句表示reason的具体内容，用that只起连接作用引导同位语从句；5.介词+关系代词结构。

Group3：
1.You can only be sure of _______ you have at present; you can’t be sure of something you might get in the future．
2.You can only be sure of all _____ you have at present; you can’t be sure of something you might get in the future．
3.You can’t be sure of something _____ you might get in the future because there's a lot of uncertainty．
4. You can’t be sure of something you might get in the future, ______ has a lot of uncertainty．
参考答案：1.what; 2.that; 3.that; 4.which
简要简析：1.what引导宾语从句，且作宾语从句中have的宾语；2.of后有不定代词all，用that引导定语从句，即all that=what；3.定语从句的先行词是不定代词，引导定语从句的关系代词作动词get宾语；4.关系代词引导非限制性定语从句且作从句主语。

Group4：
1.It was in the park ________ we met ten years ago that we met again yesterday.
2.It was in the park ________ we met again yesterday.
3. ____ we expected, we met again in the same park ten years later.
4.We met again in the same park ten years later, ______ wasn’t expected.
参考答案：1.where; 2.that; 3.As; 4.which
简要简析解析：1.where引导定语从句；2.that用于强调句型；3.as引导非限制性定语从句可置于句首；
4.which引导非限制性定语从句，expect在否定句中不用as；
Group5：
1.It was at eight o’clock _______ we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
2.It was eight o’clock _______ we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
3.It will be eight hours ________ we arrive at the foot of the mountain.
4.It has been eight hours _______ we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
参考答案：1.that; 2.when; 3.before; 4.since
简要解析：1.it be...that...是强调句结构，即使被强调的部分指时间或地点也不可以用when或where；
2.when引导时间状语从句；
3.before引导时间状语从句，表示“要多久才......”；
4.since表示“自从......”，主语用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

要注意“时间点”和“时间段”的区别。

Group6：
1.Although the baby of ______she is taking good care is not hers, s he loves him as if he were her own child.
2.Although the baby ______that she is taking good care of is not hers, s he loves him as if he were her own child.
3.Although the baby, ______she is taking good care of, is not hers, s he loves him as if he were her own child.
4. The baby, ______ mother isn’t taking good care of him, still loves her as much as before.
参考答案：1.whom 2.whom/who/that; 3.whom/who; 4.whose
简要解析：1.定语从句“介词+关系代词”指人用宾格关系代词whom；2.介词of在从句中则按照正常的定语从句对待，先行词指人，作宾语的关系代词三者均可；3.非限制性定语从句不用that引导；4.表示所属关系用whose。

Group7：
1.It’s known to us all that China is no longer the country ______ she used to be.
2.It’s known to us all that China is no longer ______ she used to be.
参考答案：1.that; 2.what
简要解析：1.根据be动词看出关系代词that在所引导的定语从句中作表语，用that。

2.what引导表语从句，其中what可以指时间、地点、人物等。

句意是：中国不再是过去那样的国家了（过去的中国）。

Group8：
1.There's nothing_______ stops you from going to bed if you want to. I don't even care about you.
2.There's nothing_______ stop you from going to bed if you want to. I don't even care about you.
参考答案：1.that; 2.to
简要解析：1.定语从句的先行词是指物不定代词nothing，用that。

句意：如果你想去睡觉，没有什么事能阻止你去睡（或你尽管睡去）。

2.主语此处的stop是动词原形，因此用不定式修饰nothing。

Group9：
1.During the adventure, he met a series of wonders ____ surprised him.
2.During the adventure, he met a series of persons ____ surprised him.
3.During the adventure, he met a series of things and persons ____ surprised him.
参考答案：1.that/which; 2.who/that; 3.that
简要解析：1.先行词指物，关系代词作主语that/which均可；2.先行词指人，关系代词作主语who/that均可；
3.先行词things and persons指物和人，关系代词who和which只能指代其一，用that既可以指物，也可以指人。

句意：在冒险期间，他遇到了一系列让他吃惊的人和事。

Group10：
1.Believe it or not. He has got such a good pencil box ______ I want to buy one.
2.Believe it or not. He has got such a good pencil box ______ I want to buy in the store, too.
3.Believe it or not. That is the only pencil box left in the world. He has got such a good pencil box ______ I want to ask him buy, too.
参考答案：1.that; 2.as; 3.that
简要解析：1.注意引导词that不做成份，so...that...引导结果状语从句；2.从句及物动词buy没有宾语，根据such关系代词引导定语从句用as代替one，表示同类不同物；3.根据语境要买的只能是他的那一个，及物动词buy需要宾语，关系代词that代替it。

第二部分：从所给的ABCD四个选项中选出最佳答案。

1．1) ________ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.
2) ______ has been announced is that we shall have our final exams next month.
3) _______ has been announced that we shall have our final exams next month.
A. That
B. As
C. It
D. What
2．1) Is this the factory ____ her mother worked last year?
2) Is this factory _____ her mother visited last year?
3) This is the best factory _______ my mother has ever visited.
A. the one
B. which
C. that
D. where
3．1) Is that Mr. Green, _____ I think has something interesting to tell you?
2) Is that Mr. Green, _____ I think to be a doctor?
A. that
B. who
C. whom
D. Both B and C
4．1) The second reason ________ he gave the teacher for his being late for school sounded reasonable.
2) The reason _____he was late for school sounded reasonable.
3) The reason for _____ he was late for school sounded reasonable.
A. why
B. when
C. which
D. that
5．1) The boy, _____ brother was a PLA man, was very brave.
2) The brother, ____ the brave boy was proud, was a PLA man.
A. who
B. of whom
C. whose
D. whom
6．1) Is your brother the only one in your hometown ____ is an electrical engineer?
2) Is your brother an electrical engineer in your hometown, ____ you haven’t been to for ten years?
A. which
B. where
C. who
D. whose
7．1）_______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
2）________ is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.
3) Talks between the two countries are making progress, _____ is reported in the newspapers.
A. It (it)
B. As (as)
C. Which (which)
D. Both B and C
8．1) George Orwell, _____ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
2) George Orwell, the real name of _____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
3) George Orwell wrote many political novels and essays. _____ real name was Eric Arthur.
A. his(His)
B. he (He)
C. whose (Whose)
D. whom (Whom)
9．1) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.
2) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town in _____ he grew up as a child.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
10.1) He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
2) He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows. Most of ______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. this
B. those
C. that
D. which
11.1) They will never forget the day ______ they joined the Party.
2) They will never forget the day ______ they spent together.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. when
12.1) Do you still remember the date ____ you first came to Beijing University?
2) Do you still remember the year ____ you first came to Beijing University?
A. that
B. in which
C. which
D. on which
第二组参考答案：
1．点拨：根据句1）题干中的逗号可知是复合句，所以要用连词才可以把两个句子连接起来，而前一个句子没有主语，也就是说所填的词要作从句的主语，所以选B，关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，代指后面整个句子。

句2）从连系动词is可以看出前面是一个主语从句，并且所填的词应在从句中作主语，而that引导名词性从句时其本身在从句中不作任何成分，所以选D，what引导主语从句。

句3）由announce 的被动语态形式和that从句可知用it作形式主语，所以选C。

2. 点拨：句1）的关系词在定语从句中作不及物动词work的地点状语，故选Ｄ；句2）的this factory是句
子的主语，故选the one作句子的表语，其后省去了在定语从句中作及物动词visit宾语的that，有的同学会选B或C，认为this是主语，factory是表语，但要注意factory是可数名词的单数形式，其前没有the 等限定词是不符合英语习惯的，所以要把this看作是factory的限定词，故选A；句3）的关系词作及物动词visit的宾语，但指物的先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只用that，故选C。

3. 点拨：句1）的关系词在非限制性定语从句中作think所接的宾语从句的主语，先行词指人，故选B；句
２）关系词在定语从句中作think的宾语，用whom, 但在口语和非正式文体中也可用who，故选D。

4. 点拨：句1）的关系词在定语从句中作give的宾语，即give sb. sth.，同时先行词又被序数词修饰，故选
Ｄ；句２）的关系词在定语从句中作状语，先行词是表原因的reason，故选Ａ；句3）是“介词＋关系代词”结构，for which=why, 故选C。

5.点拨：关系代词whose表所属关系，意思是“…….人（物）的”，相当于of whom (which) , 二者可以相互
转换，但语序稍有不同，故1）选C；如果“of+ whom (which)” 不表所属关系，则二者不可以互换，句2）的of是短语be proud of （以……而自豪）中的介词，它不表所属关系，故不可以用whose，故选B。

6.点拨：定语从句和先行词之间有时被其它成分隔开，这样的定语从句就叫隔离定语从句，此时要注意定语
从句所修饰的词到底是哪一个，即要明确哪一个是先行词。

句1）的先行词是指人的the only one, 关系词在定语从句作主语，故选C；句2）的关系词引导的的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词hometown, 关系词在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，故选A。

7. 点拨：as与which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，但which引导的非限制性定语从句不可置于句首，故1)选B，3)选D；句2)的that从句是主语从句，用it作形式主语，故选A。

8. 点拨：由题干中的“，”可知句1）、2）是复合句，要用连词，关系代词whose在定语从句中表所属关系，
意思是“……人（物）的”，可与表所属关系的of which(whom) 转换，故1）C、2）选D；句3）由题中的句号可知是两个句子，依句意填形容词性物主代词表所属关系，故选A，首字母要大写。

9.点拨：句1）所填关系词在定语从句中作状语，要用关系副词，先行词town指地点，故选B；句2）所
填关系词作in的宾语，要用关系代词，但“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词不可用that或who，故选A
10.点拨：句1）是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词作介词of的宾语，而that不可作介词的宾语，故选Ｄ；
句２）是两个句子，后一句应该填普通代词，代指前面的ten windows,不能把其误解成一个句子而选D，最佳答案是B。

11.点拨：句1）的关系词在定语从句中作状语，要用关系副词，先行词day指时间，故选D；句2）的关
系词在从句中作spent的宾语，要用关系代词，不能一见到指时间的先行词就用when，一定要考虑其在从句中所作的成分，故选A。

12.点拨：在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，介词的选用要考虑到与先行词与从句中的动词、形容词、名词之间
的搭配关系。

句1）先行词day知具体日期，故介词用on, 选D；句２）的先行词year指年份，故介词用in, 选B。

高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

一、备考策略务必精准
高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗。

一是细化“作战地图”。

从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实，为专题复习奠定坚实基础。

各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点和试题变化点做成“作战地图”，平时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图”上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏。

二是组织集体攻坚。

发挥学科组集体备考的优势，学科组内任务分解、责任到人，每次考试变式训练的预测由组长把关。

学科组坚持“一课一研”、“一考一研”，新老教师步调一致，节奏有序，充分发挥分工协作的集体教研智慧。

三是找准学科增分点。

认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。

英语的阅读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。

二、课堂教学务必高效。

课堂是教育教学是主阵地。

高三年级教学时间紧，教学任务重，更要切实发挥课堂40分钟的作用。

一是上好微专题课。

春节前后，一轮复习进入后期，学生不会的知识点逐步浮出水面。

这些薄弱知识点如果解决不好，将直接影响到二轮复习的效果。

高三年级要围绕浮现出来的问题，上好微专题或微微专题课，针对某一个点或几个点精讲、讲透，触类旁通。

微专题课怎么上？可以针对学生不会的问题，每节课重点解决1-2个知识点，专题强调，专
点训练，不贪多，顺一个点“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微专题，则更精、更准、更小、更有效，可以一节课只讲一道题，但是要把这一道题挖深、挖透，讲透一个会一类，做会一题能举一反三。

二是上好试卷讲评课。

试卷讲评课是高三的主打课型，必须切实收到实效。

首先，要精确掌握考情。

考试不过夜，打铁要趁热，每次考试以后，要对班级考试情况了如指掌，充分了解易错点、易考点，这样讲评时，才能有所侧重，才能有针对性地攻克重难点。

其次，要规范讲评流程。

针对错误率高或重点考察的试题，教师引导出方法思路；再由学生个人进行自评自纠，小组讨论展示，找出得分原因和失分原因，真正弄清楚解题思路。

师生合作再对解题思路进行再归纳总结，写到纸上记录下来，强化验证结果。

三是克服“漏斗思维”。

所谓“漏斗思维”，就是：今天正在学，突然有事不继续了，明天已经忘记一大部分，后天想起来，继续学，但是忘记的一大部分似乎又需要重新开始，周而复始，积累数月，结果是仅仅只有一点点的内容，而且是在同一个地方循环往复。

对于常错、常考的知识点，要经常复习，要不就如同漏斗一样慢慢溜掉。

尤其是对于已经进行过的专题训练、变式训练，不能认为进行过一次、两次就万事大吉，要每隔2周进行“回头看”，把学生的易错题重新编辑，归类整理后附上分析讲解印发给学生，克服漏斗思维，反复夯实专题训练的知识点。

三、学生训练务必得法。

教师的教学能力最终要转化为学生的学习能力，对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。

一是严格限时训练。

限时训练就是让学生在规定时间内做完训练题目，既训练速度，又锻炼准确度。

限时训练可短可长，可以是课前十分钟，可以是一节课，但必须坚决做到即练即评，长期坚持，通过教师评阅提升学生答题速度和效度，做到日日清，周周清，月月清，适应高考临场答题要求。

二是严格规范答题。

要认真研究高考原题和高考答案，根据学生的答题情况认真进行比对。

要把学生在考试时的原生态答卷原汁原
味地展示出来，再让学生自己对照答案进行打分、评价，找出与标准答案的差距，小组内相互交流、讨论，制定答题标准模板，保证将来一分不丢。

三是突出变式训练。

对于临界生的典型错题或遗漏知识点，要进行变式训练，一题多变进行训练，把错题作为“母题”，至少进行一题五变以上，让学生写出每道题的解题思路，最后总结出此类变式的特点和解题入手点。

教师必须要把变式训练当做作业认真批改，带领学生共同验证解题思路，形成答题的基本思路。

四是落实“作业自助餐”。

对学生要进行分类指导，不能一刀切，尤其是对于清北临界生和一本临界生，学校应高度重视临界生转化工作。

要把握好临界生的学科短板，制定好辅导、转化和提升的具体措施，要实行面批面改，落实“作业自助餐”。

针对不同的高频错题，由教师分别独立设置变式训练题，也就是A错题出至少5道变式训练，独立印刷；B错题再出5道变式训练，独立印刷；C错题也出5道变式训练，独立印刷；学生可以根据自己的错题，自主领取对应的变式训练题，通过针对性训练补齐学科或知识短板，提升整体备考效益。

五是强化精神激励。

高三学生学习任务重，压力大，师生缺乏必要交流，学生容易出现心理焦虑、缺乏归属感等心理问题。

为此，要对高三年级学生多鼓励，多表扬。

大人总想听好听话，学生也是如此，越是鼓励越有劲，因老师的一句话、一个眼神而改变一生命运的事例不胜枚举。

教师要不吝赞美，从情绪上、从情感上调动学生学习积极性。