心理学专业英语词汇

心理学专业英语词汇
这是一篇关于心理学专业英语词汇的文章，主要介绍了一些常用的心理学术语的英文表达和中文解释，以及一些相关的例句和知识点。

文章使用了表格的形式，便于读者查阅和记忆。

文章分为以下几个部分：
1. 心理学基本概念
1.1 心理学的定义和分支
英文中
文例句
psychology 心
理
学
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. 心理学是行为与心理过程的科学研究。

psychologist 心
理
学
家
Psychologists use scientific methods to observe, describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes. 心理学家运用科学方法来观察、描述、预测和解释人类的行为和心理过程。

cognitive psychology 认
知
心
理
学
Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mental
processes such as perception, memory, thinking, reasoning, and
problem-solving. 认知心理学是心理学的一个分支，研究感知、记忆、思维、推理和问题解决等心理过程。

developmental psychology 发
展
心
理
学
Developmental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how people change over the lifespan, from conception to death. 发展心理学是心理学的一个分支，研究人们从受精到死亡的整个生命历程中的变化。

social psychology 社
会
心
理
学
Social psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how people interact with others, how they influence and are influenced by their
social environment, and how they form attitudes and behaviors. 社会心理学是心理学的一个分支，研究人们如何与他人互动，如何受到并影响他们的社会环境，以及如何形成态度和行为。

1.2 心理学的方法和原则英文中文例句
scientific method 科
学
方
法
The scientific method is a systematic way of acquiring knowledge through observation, experimentation, and data analysis. 科学方法是一种通过观
察、实验和数据分析获取知识的系统化方式。

hypothesis 假
设
A hypothesis is a tentative statement that proposes a possible explanation
for some phenomenon or event. 假设是一种暂时性的陈述，提出了对某种现象或事件的可能解释。

variable 变
量
A variable is anything that can vary or change in an experiment or a study.
变量是指在实验或研究中可以变化或改变的任何事物。

independent variable 自
变
量
An independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter to test its effect on the dependent variable. 自变量是指由实验者操纵或控制的变量，用来检验它对因变量的影响。

dependent variable 因
变
量
A dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed by the
experimenter to see if it is affected by the independent variable. 因变量是指由实验者测量或观察的变量，用来看它是否受到自变量的影响。

2. 心理学基本概念2.1 感觉和知觉
英文中文例句
sensation感觉Sensation is the process by which sensory receptors receive and transmit information from the external or internal environment to the brain. 感觉是指感觉受体接收并传递来自外部或内部环境的信息到大脑的过程。

perception知觉Perception is the process by which the brain organizes, interprets, and gives meaning to sensory information. 知觉是指大脑组织、解释并赋予意义给感觉信息的过程。

absolute threshold 绝对
阈限
Absolute threshold is the minimum amount of stimulation that a person
can detect 50% of the time. 绝对阈限是指一个人能够在50%的时间内检测到的刺激的最小量。

difference threshold 差别
阈限
Difference threshold is the minimum difference between two stimuli that a person can detect 50% of the time. 差别阈限是指一个人能够在50%的时
间内检测到的两个刺激之间的最小差别。

signal detection theory 信号
检测
理论
Signal detection theory is a theory that explains how various factors
influence our ability to detect weak signals in noisy environments. 信号检测理论是一种解释各种因素如何影响我们在嘈杂环境中检测微弱信号的能力的理论。

2.2 学习和记忆
英文中文例句
learning 学
习
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience. 学习是指由经验导致的行为或知识的相对永久性的改变。

memory 记
忆
Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information. 记忆是指编码、储存和提取信息的过程。

classical conditioning 古
典
条
件
反
射
Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus
becomes associated with a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response, and eventually acquires the ability to elicit a similar response. 古典条件反射是一种学习的类型，其中一个中性刺激与一个引发反射性反应的刺激相联
系，最终获得引发类似反应的能力。

operant conditioning 操
作
条
件
反
射
Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the consequences of
behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future. 操作条件反射是一种学习的类型，其中行为的后果决定了它是否会在未来重复。

observational learning 观
察
性
学
习
Observational learning is a type of learning in which a person learns by watching and imitating the actions of others. 观察性学习是一种学习的类型，其中一个人通过观看和模仿他人的行为来学习。

3. 心理学基本概念
3.1 智力和创造力
英文中文例句
intelligence智力Intelligence is the global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment. 智力是指合理思考、有目的地行动和有效地处理环境的全面能力。

intelligence quotient (IQ)智商
（IQ）
Intelligence quotient (IQ) is a numerical index of intelligence that is
derived from standardized tests. 智商（IQ）是指从标准化测试中得
出的智力的数值指标。

creativity创造力Creativity is the ability to produce original, appropriate, and valuable ideas or solutions to problems. 创造力是指产生原创、适当和有价值的想法或问题解决方案的能力。

divergent thinking 发散性
思维
Divergent thinking is a type of thinking that generates many different
ideas or solutions to a problem. 发散性思维是一种产生许多不同想法
或问题解决策的一种思维方式。

3.2 个性和动机
英文中文例句
personality个性Personality is the unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that characterize a person. 个性是指一个人的思想、感情和行为的独特而相对稳定的模式。

trait特质A trait is a relatively enduring characteristic that influences a person's behavior across different situations. 特质是指一种相对持久的特征，它影响一个人在不同情境中的行为。

motivation动机Motivation is the process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior to satisfy physiological or psychological needs or wants. 动机是指启动、引导和维持行为以满足生理或心理需求或欲望的过程。

intrinsic motivation 内在
动机
Intrinsic motivation is the motivation that comes from within oneself, such as interest, curiosity, challenge, or satisfaction. 内在动机是指来自自身的动机，如兴趣、好奇心、挑战或满足感。

extrinsic motivation 外在
动机
Extrinsic motivation is the motivation that comes from external sources,
such as rewards, punishments, or social pressure. 外在动机是指来自外部来源的动机，如奖励、惩罚或社会压力。

4. 心理学基本概念4.1 情绪和压力
英文中文例句
emotion 情
绪
Emotion is a complex psychological state that involves a subjective experience,
a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response. 情绪是一种
复杂的心理状态，涉及主观体验、生理反应和行为或表达反应。

stress 压
力
Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances. 压力是一种由不利或要求苛刻的情况引起的心理或情绪上的紧张或压迫状态。

stressor 压
力
源
A stressor is any event or situation that triggers stress. 压力源是任何引发压力的
事件或情境。

coping 应
对
Coping is the process of managing stress by using cognitive, behavioral, or
emotional strategies. 应对是指通过使用认知、行为或情绪策略来管理压力的过程。

resilience 韧
性
Resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity and cope with stress effectively. 韧性是指从逆境中恢复并有效应对压力的能力。

4.2 心理健康和心理障碍英文中文例句
mental health心
理Mental health is the state of psychological well-being and functioning that allows a person to cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively,
英文中
文
例句
健康and contribute to society. 心理健康是指心理幸福和功能的状态，使一个人能够应对生活中的正常压力，有效地工作，并为社会做出贡献。

mental disorder 心
理
障
碍
Mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant
disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental
processes underlying mental functioning. 心理障碍是一种以个体认知、情绪调节或行为上的临床显著障碍为特征的综合征，反映了心理功能所基于的心理、生物或发展过程中的功能障碍。

anxiety disorder 焦
虑
障
碍
Anxiety disorder is a type of mental disorder that involves excessive fear or nervousness that interferes with normal functioning. 焦虑障碍是一种心理障碍的类型，涉及过度的恐惧或紧张，妨碍正常的功能。

mood disorder 情
感
障
碍
Mood disorder is a type of mental disorder that involves persistent or
recurrent disturbances in mood that affect the person's ability to function.
情感障碍是一种心理障碍的类型，涉及持续或反复的情绪障碍，影响个人的功能能力。

schizophrenia 精
神
分
裂
症
Schizophrenia is a type of mental disorder that involves a breakdown of the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty
perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships, and a sense of mental fragmentation. 精神分裂症是一种心理障碍的类型，涉及思维、情感和行为之间关系的崩溃，导致错误的感知、不恰当的行为和感受、脱离现实和人际关系，以及心理分裂的感觉。