11.非谓语动词完整版
【中考英语总复习 精讲精练】11 非谓语动词(解析版)
非谓语动词一、考点梳理考点一动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,有带to 和省略to 两种形式,可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。
1. 作主语To travel around China is my dream.环游中国是我的梦想。
注意:不定式作主语,整个结构看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,但通常用it 作形式主语,而把不定式放于句末,来保持句子的平衡,常见的句式有:(1) It takes sb. some time to do sth.It took me twenty minutes to finish my English homework.完成我的英语家庭作业花费了我20分钟的时间。
(2) It’s + adj./n. + to do sth.It’s interesting to read the English books.读英语书是有趣的。
(3) It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 其中形容词是用来修饰动词不定式的。
It’s hard for me to learn English well.学好英语对我来说是困难的。
(4) It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 其中形容词是用来修饰人的。
It’s very kind of you to help me.你能帮助我真是太好了。
2. 作表语动词不定式作表语时,主要表示愿望、责任、义务等,一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。
His wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望就是当一名老师。
To be a policeman is his wish.当一名警察是他的愿望。
3. 作宾语decide, hope, plan, want, learn, seem, choose, fail 等后只能跟动词不定式作宾语。
I want to see a doctor about that cough.我想找医生治咳嗽。
专题 11 非谓语动词(解析版)
A. to watchB. watchC. watchesD. watching
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我的父母不允许我在上学日的晚上看电视。to watch动词不定式;watch观看,动词原形;watches第三人称单数形式;watching动名词形式。句中使用了句型allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事,故应选A。
①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间"。
To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。
此题如果学生分不清it isadj.for sb. to do sth.和it isadj.for sb. doing sth.,学生很容易误选B,to do表示有目的性,doing表示正在进行。此处表示在救那个老人之前,我们有必要拍些照片吗?故选D。
1.动词不定式的作用
句子成分
用法
例句
作主语
谓语动词用单数形式,为避免"头重脚轻"常用it作形式主语。常用句型有:
Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗?
Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗?
作状语
不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
11非谓语动词
非谓语动词知识要点:一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能(一)概述:在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2)都可以被状语修饰:The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。
例如:He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)4)都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语)2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
2022年中考英语真题- 专题11 非谓语动词(全国通用)
专题11 非谓语动词(2022·天津·中考真题)1. The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.A. sellB. sellsC. soldD. to sell【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:这幅画对他来说真的很有价值。
他永远不会同意卖掉它。
考查非谓语动词。
agree to do sth.“同意做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。
故选D。
(2022·云南昆明·中考真题)2. Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!A. cuttingB. to cutC. gettingD. to get【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:男孩女孩们,祝你们好运,在新的征程上取得好成绩!考查非谓语。
wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”,是固定短语,用不定式作宾补,故选D。
(2022·云南·中考真题)3. If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.A. improveB. improvedC. improvingD. to improve【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:如果你想提高你的发音,坚持每天练习。
考查非谓语动词。
want to do sth“想要做某事”,动词不定式作宾语,故选D。
(2022·重庆A卷·中考真题)4. Mr. Brown told his son not ________ the paintings in the museum.A. touchB. to touchC. touchingD. touched【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:布朗先生告诉他的儿子不要碰博物馆里的画。
非谓语动词完整ppt课件完整版
08 非谓语动词的常见错误及解析
误用非谓语动词代替谓语动词
混淆概念
非谓语动词和谓语动词在英语句子中扮演不同的角色,不能互相替换。非谓语 动词主要起修饰、补充或说明的作用,而谓语动词则是句子的核心,表达主语 的动作或状态。
错误用法
在句子中,非谓语动词不能单独作为谓语使用,否则会导致语法错误。例如, “He enjoying the music.”这句话中,enjoying是非谓语动词,不能作为谓 语,应改为“He is enjoying the music.”
由动词+ing构成,表示一般的、抽象 的、习惯性的动作或状态,具有名词 的性质。
非谓语动词与谓语动词的区别
谓语动词是句子的核心,表示主语的 动作或状态,具有时态、语态、主谓 一致等变化。
谓语动词在句中只能有一个,而非谓 语动词可以有一个或多个。
非谓语动词在句中作为其他成分,不 受主语人称和数的限制,也不具有时 态和语态的变化。
非谓语动词具有动词的性质,可以表示 动作、状态或属性,但不具有时态和语 态的变化。
非谓语动词的种类
不定式
由to+动词原形构成,表示一次性的 动作或未发生的动作,具有目的、原 因、结果等意义。
动名词
分词
包括现在分词和过去分词,分别由动 词+ing和动词+ed构成,表示主动和 被动的动作或状态,常用作定语和状 语。
作状语和补语
不定式作状语
表示目的、结果或原因,如:He worked hard to pass the exam. / He is too young to go to school.
分词作状语
现在分词表示主动或进行,过去分词表示被动或完成,如: Seeing the cat, the mouse ran away. / Heated, water will boil.
非谓语动词完整版
It is + adj. + (of / for sb.) to do sth. It’s no good / no use/ not any use/good, useless doing sth. There’s no doing ….
Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.
2. doing 表示动作正在进行 done 表示动作动作已经结束 to do 表示将来
The students have cleared away the _f_a_ll_en__(fall) leaves.
非谓语做状语
做状语
To do
目的,结果,原 因
In order to , so as to
I cannot but agree to his terms. We could do nothing but / other than wait. I cannot choose but ________ (laugh) We had no choice but __________ (wait)
but to do except to do besides to do other than to do
当介词but, except, besides 以及 other than 前有作为实意动词的 do时,不定式的to 可以省略。
Can’t choose but do (只好) Can’t help but do Can’t but do
非谓语动词(完整版)
A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised
4.Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A.realizingB.realized
C.to realizeD.being realized
3.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went onall the people who had helped in her career.
A.to thankB.thanking
C.having thankedD.to have thanked
A.grownB.being grown
C.to ge grownD.to grow
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:早餐,他只喝来自他自己农场种植的新鲜水果的果汁。grow作定语修饰fruit,grow与fruit之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。B项表示正在进行;C项表示还未发生,均不符合题意。故选A。
16.Some of them,______ in rural villages, had never seen a train.
非谓语动词(完整版)
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:几年前,他们在英格兰发现了一个可追溯至公元前2300年左右的男子坟墓。date from表示“追溯到(某一时期),始于(某一时期)”,a tomb of a man(男子的坟墓)与date from之间为主动关系,应使用现在分词短语作后置定语,若用句子表示二者之间的关系,可以说成A tomb of a man dates from around 2,300 B.C.故选B。
考点:考查省略的用法。
点评:本题难度适中。为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略。它是高中阶段的重要的语法项目,需要考生仔细分析句子结构,来确定省略的内容。这里考生容易误选A。
即学即练:He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship,______ is more true than any other.
考点:考查非谓语动词。
【知识拓展】非谓语动词的选择要根据所填的动词及它所要修饰的逻辑主语之间的关系确定。doing表主动表进行;done表被动表完成;to do表目的表将来。
【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语。先把句子简化:There is a note (which is pinned to the door) saying when the shop will open again.伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生,它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的,本题考查的是现在分词做伴随状语,用ing形式。现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系,即表示主动意义;而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,即被动意义;如:He went to the classroom holding two books;He went to the forest , followed by two dogs.
非谓语动词(完整版)
非谓语动词(完整版)一、单项选择非谓语动词1.What will you do if the people ______ at the back of the hall have trouble hearing the speech? A.sitting B.sitC.sat D.to sit【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:如果坐在大厅后排的人们听不清演讲你该怎么办?根据题干中谓语动词have trouble doing判断出前面填非谓语结构,“人们”和“坐”是主动关系,故选A。
2.In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _____ an Olympic gold medal in swimming. A.winning B.to winC.having won D.being won【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查不定式作定语。
句意:在2012年,孙杨成为第一个获得奥运会游泳比赛金牌的中国男运动员。
当名词前面有序数词修饰或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候,通常要用不定式作定语。
如the first to come and the last to leave,本句中Chinese man前面有序数词the first修饰,所以后面要用不定式作定语。
故B项正确。
3.With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dadA.buy B.to buy C.buying D.to have bought【答案】B【解析】句意:父亲节将要到来, 为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。
题干中空格划在名词后, 但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明, 而是说明取钱的目的, 因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语, 非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的, 因此选择B4.The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A.starting B.being startedC.to start D.to be started【答案】A【解析】选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系,故排除B、D两项。
非谓语动词(完整版)
非谓语动词(完整版)一、单项选择非谓语动词1.When ___________ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.A.asking B.askedC.having asked D.to be asked【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:当马克被问做教师这个职业时的看法。
他说他发现这个工作是非常有趣和值得的。
这里when引导的省略句,完整的是when he was asked his view about his job as a teacher,这里当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语动词有be时,这时从句的主语与be同时省略,故选B。
考点:考查省略的用法。
点评:本题难度适中。
为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略。
它是高中阶段的重要的语法项目,需要考生仔细分析句子结构,来确定省略的内容。
这里考生容易误选A。
即学即练:He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship,______ is more true than any other.A.once gainedB.when to gainC.after gainingD.while gaining解析:A。
考查省略句。
once gained =" once" it is gained。
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和谓语部分。
2. Hours of playing violent video games can affect the way the brain works, ______ damage to certain cells of brain.A.to cause B.cause C.causing D.caused【答案】C【解析】试题分析:考查非谓语动词。
高考非谓语动词(完整版)
高考非谓语动词(完整版)一、单项选择非谓语动词1.With my money ________, I went back home.A.ran out of B.ran outC.running out D.running out of【答案】C【解析】试题分析:考查with复合结构,句意:我的钱用完了,我就回家了。
With复合结构在这里做原因状语,with+宾语+宾语补足语(非谓语动词),所以排除AB项,run out of是及物动词,后面要接宾语,否则是被动语态,排除D,Run out是不及物动词,不能用被动式,选C。
考点:考查with复合结构2.The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China’s voice better ______ in the world.A.hearing B.to be heardC.hear D.heard【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意:新闻应该扩大其在国际舆论中的影响力,使中国的声音更好地在世界上被听到。
“中国的声音”与“听到”之间是被动关系,用make sth. done结构,故选D。
3.A hearty laugh relieves physical tension, _____your muscles relaxed for over half an hour. A.to leave B.left C.leaving D.leave【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意:开怀大笑可以缓解身体紧张,至少可以使你的肌肉放松半小时。
分析句子可知,空格处做伴随状语。
且与逻辑主语laugh构成主动关系,所以用现在分词。
故选C。
4.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit________on his own farm.A.grown B.being grownC.to ge grown D.to grow【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。
11.非谓语动词
To review the Non-Finite Verbs (the infinitive, V-ing and V-ed) and use them properly.
动词不定式
Байду номын сангаас
非 谓 语 动 词
动词的-ing形式
动词的-ed形式
Look at the following sentences and pay attention to the coloured words. 1. Father often tells me not to spend too much time on computer games. 2. After several campus attacks, many schools across the country have already taken action to make their campuses safer. 3. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
四、不定式作宾补 (object complement) My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.
常接不定式作宾补的动词:
warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 + sb. to do sth.
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.
五、不定式作定语 (attribute) 1. Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear. 2. Tom has a nice pen to write with.
11高中语法-非谓语动词(一)动词-ing的用法
高中英语语法专项(11)非谓语动词(一)动词-ing的用法非谓语动词主要包括动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中所作的成分以及一些特殊句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
本讲主要阐述动词-ing形式的用法。
动词-ing形式起到名词、形容词和副词的作用,在句中可作主语、宾语和表语、状语和宾语补足语,但不能单独构成谓语。
―动词原形+ing‖构成动词-ing形式可分为动名词和现在分词。
一、动名词动名词是v.–ing形式的一种,它具有名词特征,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语。
1.动名词作主语的几种句型动名词直接置于句首作主语,动名词作主语可以是主动形式,也可以是被动形式。
例如:Swimming in winter is healthy.冬泳是有益健康的运动。
Picking apples is much better than having classes.摘苹果比上课好多了。
Being elected chairman is a great honor to him.被选为主席对他是一个很大的荣誉。
有时主语太长,可用it作形式主语,将真正主语即动名词放在后面。
不是所有的动名词作主语都可用it作形式主语,常见的有:It is +no use+动名词做……没有用处It is +no good +动名词做……没有好处It is +nice+动名词做……很好/很不错It is +useless+动名词做……没有用It is +interesting+动名词做……很有趣It is+dangerous+动名词做……很危险It is+a waste of+动名词做……是浪费……例如:It is no use waiting here. Let’s walk home.在这儿等着没有用,我们走回家吧。
It’s a waste of money buying such books.买这一类的书是浪费金钱。
完整版完整版高中英语非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词非谓语动词包含不定式 (to do) 、动名词 (-ing) 、此刻分词 (-ing) 与过去分词 (- ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中不可以充任谓语,但能够充任句子的其余成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。
形式动词不定式动名词 (doing)此刻分词 (doing)过去分词 (done)对照项目(to do)相当于名词、形相当于名词,指常常性、相当于形容词、副词,相当于形容词、副词,自己意义容词、副词,往习惯性的动作常常有此刻意味兼有被动、达成意义往有未来意味主语、宾语、表主语、宾语、表语、定表语、宾补、定语、状充任句子成分语、宾补、定语、表语、宾补、定语、状语语语状语主动一般式to do doing doing done被动式to be done being done being done形式to have done having done having done主动达成式被动达成式to have been done having been done having been done否认式在上述各样非谓语动词形式以前直接加not动词不定式定义:动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不可以独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特色,能够有自己的宾语和状语。
主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done达成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing无达成进行式to have been doing无一、不定式的意义1. 不定式的一般式:一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或以后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的蒙受者时,不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2.不定式的进行式:进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语的动作同时发生。
专题 11 非谓语动词(解析版)
【2019 • 四川凉山州中考】—Is it necessary _________ us _________ some photos before saving the old man?—Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so.A. of; takingB. for; takingC. of; to takeD. for; to take【试题答案】D【参考答案】句意:——在救那个老人之前,我们有必要拍些照片吗?——是的,它是。
如果我们这样做,我们可以保护自己。
It’s +adj. for /of sb. to do sth “对某人来说做某事……样”,该结构中it为形式主语,不定式短语为真正的主语,故排除A、B两项;通常由of或for引出不定式动作的执行者,如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等,用of sb.;如果形容词是仅仅来描述事物的,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,(im)possible 用for 引出动作的执行者,故选D。
此题如果学生分不清it is adj. for sb. to do sth.和it is adj.for sb. doing sth.,学生很容易误选B,to do 表示有目的性,doing 表示正在进行。
此处表示在救那个老人之前,我们有必要拍些照片吗?故选D。
1. 动词不定式的作用2. 不定式的特殊用法①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,须省略to 。
此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。
第11讲 非谓语动词:动词不定式(讲义)(解析版)
【思维建模】遇到设空处为动词的题时,若句中已有谓语动词且不存在并列谓语或从句的谓语,考虑设空词为非谓语动词。观察句子结构,it充当形式主语,则to walk作真正的主语。
【变式训练】Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier ________(make)eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
【易错提醒】有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语,但使役动词(make, let, have等)与感官动词(watch, hear, feel, notice, see等)用于主动语态时,作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to;但当这些词用于被动语态时,to不能省略(let除外)。
【解析】考查不定式。句意:牛本来是第一个过河的,但是他很善良,所以同意带着小老鼠过河。结合句意表示“同意做某事”可知短语为agree to do sth.。故填to carry。
【答案】to carry
知识点
1.see类动词(不定式作宾补省to):巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice,hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。
例1:To succeedcalls for hard work.成功需要副词艰辛的劳动。
例2:It’s not easyto find your way around the small town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。
典例1.(2024·浙江卷1月七选五)I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easyitcan be to fall behind schedule.
非谓语动词(完整版)
非谓语动词(完整版)非谓语动词(完整版)一、单项选择非谓语动词1.The woman began to cry when asked how her husband was injured.解析:本句中,how引导的是宾语从句,asked是谓语动词,所以用过去分词作状语,表示被动,故选A。
2.XXX tasted terrible。
so it was thrown away by the child.解析:本句中,taste与主语medicine是主动关系,而且taste是系动词无被动,因此用现在分词tasting作状语,表示主动,故选B。
3.A XXX。
XXX for over half an hour.解析:本句中,leaving与主语laugh构成主动关系,表示结果,所以用现在分词,故选C。
4.When asked for his views about his teaching job。
Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.解析:本句中,when引导的是省略句,完整的是when he was asked his view about his job as a teacher,这里当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语动词有be时,这时从句的主语与be同时省略,故选B。
二、改写句子1.Being asked how her husband was injured。
XXX.2.XXX.3.A XXX for over half an hour.4.Philip found XXX when he was asked for his views about it.1.The company has decided to implement a new policy to ce the use of plastic bags。
【中考英语复习 知识清单】专题11-非谓语动词(解析版)
专题11-非谓语动词2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析: (1)1. 动词不定式 (1)2. 动名词 (3)3. 分词 (4)4. 牛刀小试 (5)考情分析:中考英语试题对非谓语动词的考查主要是:1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法;2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法;3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用;4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to,但变为被动语态时就要带to;5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,但是表达的意思不同。
1. 动词不定式(1)动词不定式的构成:不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
(2)动词不定式的句法功能:动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为:It + be + adj. +(for/of sb. )+动词不定式。
如:To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.学好英语很有用。
It’s important for us to protect the environment.保护环境对我们来说很重要。
在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
如:It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦!2)不定式作宾语①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。
Unit 11 非谓语动词(1)
Unit11 非谓语动词(1)(一)非谓语动词概述:非谓语动词是指由动词变化而成,仍具有动词的性质与意义,但不作谓语动词使用,而具有除谓语外其它语法功能。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
(二)非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto be doingto havedoneto be doneto have beendone在非谓语前加notfor sb.to dosth.具有名词,副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghavingdonebeing donehaving beendone具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghavingdonebeing donehaving been dones b’sdoing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语(三)非谓语动词的句法功能句子成分非谓语主语表语宾语补语定语状语同位语不定式✓✓✓✓✓✓✓动名词✓✓✓(极少)✓✓现在分词✓✓✓✓过去分词✓✓✓✓主动形式被动形式动词不定式to do to be done 现在分词一般式doing being done现在分词完成式having done having been done 过去分词done一、分词的时态和语态1.分词的时态:①分词一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;或一个动作发生后,另一个动作紧接着发生。
分词的一般式常在书面语中用作背景的描写。
例如:Walking down the street, I ran into Lily.Hearing the news, I jumped with joy.Switching off the lights, I turned over and buried my head in the pillow.Living in the country, we had few social engagements.②分词完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
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⑤ do no more than do 只不过--I did no more than finish the work. 我们仅仅是完成了这项工作。
五、不定式作定语 (attribute) 1. Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear. 2. Tom has a nice pen to write with.
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有: agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, want, wish, ...
在下列的固定词组之后要跟不带to 的不定式。 ①Had better /had best do 最好做--②Would rather do than do--/ would sooner do than do/ would do rather than do/ 宁愿做而不 做— ③ cannot help but do / cannot but do/cannot choose but do 不得不,只得 ④may/might as well do 不妨,还是---的好
一、不定式作主语 (subject)
To keep smiling is healthy for you. It’s important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English. 单个不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 若不定式太长, 往往用it作形式主语, 不定 式后置。
Identify its function.
想一想
1. It is good to help others. (subject) 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. (subject) 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. (predicative)
疑问代词/副词 + 动词不定式 可在句中作 主语、宾语、表语、定语等(why , if 后 不能直接跟动词不定式)
1.When to start has not been decided.
2. I couldn’t decide which bike to buy.
3. I don’t know whether to accept it or not.
Objective
非 谓 语 动 词
动词不定式
动名词
分词
非谓语动词 当句子中已经有谓语动词,而我们又要 表达不止一个动作概念时,其余的动词 可以使用非谓语形式表达。非谓语动词 包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
动词不定式
动词不定式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、 宾语补足语、定语和状语。 它没有人称和数的变化,其结构为“to + 动 词原形”,否定形式为“not/never+ to +动 词原形”。
动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主语 (subject) 2 表语 (predicative) 3 宾语 (object) 4 宾补 (object complement) 5 定语 (attribute) 6 状语 (adverbial) 7 独立结构 (absolute construction)
4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. (attribute) 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. (attribute) 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. (object) 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (object)
4. The question is how to carry out the plan.
5. The key with which to open the door has been lost.
6. We moved to the villa so that the children could have a garden in which to play.
四、不定式作宾补 (object complement) My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.
常接不定式作宾补的动词:
warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 + sb. to do sth.
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.
不定式做宾补时不带to的情况
1 不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后;
2 使役动词(let, have, make)后边作 宾补时, 省去to, 但是在被动语态中 要还原to;
3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides, than , save等表“除了”后时, 如果这些 介词前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么 介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。 1) She could do nothing but cry. 2) I have no choice but to go. 3) What do you like to do besides sleep.
二、不定式作表语 (predicative)
• My job is to protect the world. • Your task is to _____________.
不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。 Seeing is to believe. × To see is believing. × Seeing is believing. √ To see is to believe. √ All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.
不定式作定语
1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名 词或代词之后 (a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. (b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.
2. 当被the first, the last, the only等词以 及形容词最高级修饰时 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave. 3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式 做后置定语。 eg: I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
watch see 五看 look at observe notice
let 三使 make have
+ sb. do sth. (不带to)
二听
listen to hear
一感觉: feel
当以上的动词用于被动式,to要还原:
1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree. 2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.
如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。
三、不定式作宾语 (object) • Jeremy Lin likes to play basketball. • The girl decided to do it herself. • We hope to get there before dark.
Байду номын сангаас
Only to do 表意想不到的结果。
When the man arrived at the station, he was only to be told that the girl had gone.
七、独立结构 (absolute construction) To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment. • to be frank 坦率的说 • to be honest 老实说 • to tell the truth 说实话 • to put it mildly 委婉地说 • to make things worse 更糟的是
3) 结果状语: so + adj. / adv. + as to do … such + n. + as to do … adj. / adv. + enough + to do too + adv. / adj. + to do