[配套K12]2017-2018学年高中英语 Module 1 Small Talk Section

Module 1 Small Talk Section Ⅰ Introduction &
Reading-Pre-reading
In most English­speaking countries, it is normal and necessary to make “small talk” in certain situations.Small talk is a casual form of conversation that “breaks the ice” or fills an a wkward silence between people.Even though you may feel shy using your second language, it is sometimes considered rude to say nothing.
Where do people make small talk?
People make small talk just about anywhere, but there are certain places where it is very common.Most often, small talk occurs in places where people are waiting for something.For example, you might chat with another person who is waiting for the bus to arrive.People also make small talk in a doctor's or dentist's waiting room, or in queue at the grocery store. At the office, people make small talk in elevators or lunchrooms and even in restrooms, especially if there is a line­up.Some social events (such as a party) require small talk among guests who do not know each other very well.It is cal led “mingling” when people walk around in a social setting and talk to a variety of people.
Why do people make small talk?
There are a few different reasons why people use small talk.The first, and most
obvious, is to break an uncomfortable silence.Another reason, however, is simply to fill time.That is why it is so common to make small talk when you are waiting for something.Some people make small talk in order to be polite.You may not feel like chatting with anyone at a party, but it is rude to just sit in a corner by yourself.After someone introduces you to others, you do not know anything about them, so in order to show a polite interest in getting to know them better, you have to start with some small talk.
Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre­reading
[原文呈现][读文清障]
How Good Are Your Social Skills? Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking ①
to someone you recognise? Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently ②
to every guest? Do you want to make more friends ③
but lack ④
the confidence to
talk to people you don't know ⑤
？ And are you nervous about ⑥
the idea of
being at a social event in another country? Don't worry — we can help you!
You
needn't ⑦
worry about situations ⑧
like these if you have good social skills. And they are easy to learn ⑨
. People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation ⑩
. It helps if you do a little advance planning ⑪
.
Here are a few ideas to help you.
①avoid doing sth.避免做某事
avoid 后接动名词作宾语，不可接动词不定式。

②confidently /'k ɒnfId ntli/adv .自信地 ③make friends 交朋友，建立友谊 make friends with 与……交朋友 ④lack /læk/v ．缺乏，缺少
⑤you don't know 为省略了关系词的定语从句，
修饰先行词people 。

⑥(be ) nervous about 对……神经紧张/害怕/
胆怯 ⑦needn't 没有必要，不必 ⑧situation n ．情景，情形
⑨be easy to learn 易于学习 ⑩have a conversation 交谈
⑪advance /əd'v ɑːns/adj .预先的，在前的 do planning 做计划，做准备
你的社交技能有多高？
[第1～3段译文]
你是否做过这样的事情：看见认识的人以后，故意过马路以避免与其说话？你是否愿意参加聚会并自信地和每位来宾交谈？你是否想结交更多的朋友但又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心？你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安？别担心——我们能帮助你！
如果你具备了良好的社交技能，你就不用担心这样的情景。

而且这些技能是容易学习的。

具备良好社交技能的人能很好地和别人交流并且知道怎样交谈。

要是预先做些准备，将会对你有所帮助。

下面为帮助你出些主意。

Learn how to do small talk
Small talk is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations⑫. Be prepared! Have some low­risk⑬ conversation openers ready. For example：
·think of⑭ a recent news story —not too serious, e．g.a story about a film star or sports star
·think of things to tell people about your studies
·think of “safe” things you can ask people's opinions about⑮— music, sport, films, etc.
·think of topics that you would avoid if you were talking to strangers ⑯—and avoid talking about them! That way⑰， you don't damage your confidence！
⑫prepare sb. for sth.使某人对某事有所准备
⑬low­risk adj.低风险的，不太会出错的
⑭think of想起，回忆起
⑮you can ask people's opinions about为定语从句，修饰things。

引导词that或which在从句中作about的宾语，在此被省略。

⑯that you would avoid ... 为定语从句，修饰先行词topics; if 从句中be动词用了were，这是虚拟语气的用法。

⑰that way作方式状语，其前面省略了介词in。

[第4段译文]
学会怎样聊天
聊天是很重要的，并能帮助你为一些更严肃的谈话做准备。

准备好！准备一些不太会出错的开场白。

例如：
·想出一个最近的新闻故事——不要太严肃，譬如，一个有关电影明星或体育明星的故事
·想出一些有关你学习的事情告诉别人
·想出一些“不会出错”的事情询问别人的意见——音乐、体育、电影等
·想出一些和陌生人谈话时要回避的话题——并且要避免谈论这些话题！那样，你的自信心就不会被伤害了！
Develop⑱ your listening skills
Listening is a skill which most people lack⑲， but communication is a two­way⑳process○21—it involves○
22 speaking AND listening. Always remember —you won't impress○
23 people if you talk too much. Here are some ideas to make you a better listener：
Do ...
·show that you are listening by using encouraging○24 noises and gestures —smiling, nodding○
25，saying “uh­huh” and “OK”， etc.
·keep good eye contact○
26
·use positive body language○
27·ask for○28 more information to show your interest
Don't ...
⑱develop vt.提高，使……发展；培养；培育；开采；冲洗
⑲which引导定语从句，修饰a skill。

⑳two­way adj.双向的○21process n．过程
○
22involve v．涉及，牵连，常用involve doing sth.表示“涉及做某事”。

be involved in 卷入……中，涉及
be involved with 和……有联系
○
23impress v．给……留下印象
impress sth. on sb. 使某人了解某事
impress sb. with sth. 某事给某人留下印象
○
24encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的，激励的
encouragement n．鼓舞，鼓励，支持
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励/激励某人做某事
○
25nod/nɒd/v．点头
○
26contact n．&v．联系，接触
·look at your watch
·yawn○29
·sigh○30
·look away from○31 the person who's talking to you
·change the subject○
32
·finish other people's sentences for them
Always remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister○
33 in the 19th century: “Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours！”
keep in contact with 与……保持联系
○
27body language身体语言，肢体语言
○
28ask for 要求，询问ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物
○
29yawn/jɔːn/v．打呵欠○30 sigh/saI/v．叹气，叹息
○
31look away from把目光从……移开
○
32subject n．话题；主题
subject 还可意为“学科，科目，课程；主语”。

○
33Prime Minister 首相
[第5～6段译文]
提高倾听的技能
倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧，而交流是双向的过程——它涉及说和听两个方面。

永远记住——话太多并不会给人留下怎样的印象。

下面是一些使你成为更好的倾听者的建议：
做下面的事情……
·用一些鼓励的声音和姿势表示你正在倾听——微笑、点头、说“嗯”或“对啊”之类的话等等·保持得体的目光接触
·使用积极肯定的肢体语言
·询问更多的信息表示你的兴趣
不要做下面的事情……
·看自己的手表
·打呵欠
·叹气
·把目光从正跟你说话的人身上移开
·改变话题
·替别人把话说完
要牢记19世纪英国首相本杰明·迪斯累里的话：“和一个人谈论他自己，他就会和你说上几个小时！”
Learn the rules
If you go to a social occasion in another
country, remember that social rules ○34 can be different. In some countries, for example ○35，
you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you don't need to ○36. In addition ○37， you need to know how long you should stay, and
when you have to leave. Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places,
you can take things, but you needn't if you don't want to ○
38. Remember also that in some countries, you mustn't take flowers of a certain ○39 colour, because they're unlucky. In most places, you don't have to take a gift to a party — but find out ○40 first ！ ○
34social rules 社交规则 ○
35for example 表示举例说明，可以位于句首、句中或句末。

○
36you don't need to 后省略了arrive on time ，动词不定式符号to 不可省略。

○
37in addition 除此之外，另外，若带宾语，须先接介词to 。

○
38if you don't want to 后省略了take things 。

○
39a certain ＋单数名词，表示“某一种(个)……”。

○40find out 了解(到)；找出(信息)
[第7段译文
]
学习规则
如果你在另一个国家去参加一个社交场合，要记住会有不同的社交规则。

例如，在一些国家，你得准时参加聚会；而在另一些国家就不需要。

另外，你需要知道该待多久，以及在何时必须离开。

有的主人希望能得到鲜花或小礼品，而在另一些地方你可以给主人送东西，但如果你不想送就没有必要送。

还有，要记住在有的国家你绝不能带某种颜色的鲜花，因为它们是不吉利的。

在大多数地方，参加聚会不必带礼物——但你得事先弄清楚！
Pre­reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．lack A ．to take and then let out a long deep breath to show
disappointment or sadness
2．advance
B ．to move your head up and down, especially in order to show agreement or understanding
3．nod C ．done or given before sth. is going to happen 4．yawn D ．a chance to do sth.
5．sigh E ．to open your mouth wide and breathe in deeply because you
are tired or bored
6．opportunity F．to have none or not enough of sth.
1～6 ____________
答案：1～6 FCBEAD
Lead­in
1．Which topic do you become interested in, small talk or serious talk?
Small_talk.
2．Try to classify the following into two kinds.
①Small talk：cars,_film_stars,_music,_sports,_travels,_weather,_food
②Serious talk：careers,_examinations,_politics
Fast­reading
1．Skim the passage and choose the purpose of it.
A．To tell us how to do small talk.
B．To show how to improve our listening skills.
C．To help us deal with social events.
D．To tell us something interesting about social rules.
答案：C
2．Read the passage fast and match the parts with the main ideas of them.
Part 1 (Paragraphs 1～2) A．How to do small talk
Part 2 (Paragraph 3) B．Dos and don'ts while listening
Part 3 (Paragraphs 4～6) C．The social rules
Part 4 (Paragraphs 7～8) D．Introduction to the body of
the passage by asking questions
Part 1→D；Part 2→A；Part 3→B；Part 4→C
Careful­reading
(Ⅰ)True (T) or False (F)．
1．It is common to use small talk when you are waiting in a long line­up.__T__ 2．Religion is a “safe” topic when we make small talk.__F__
3．It is rude for both children and adults not to make small talk with strangers.__F__
4．Politics is a controversial (有争议的) subject in society.__T__
5．It is rude to interrupt a conversation in order to make a small talk.__T__ (Ⅱ)Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Keep good eye contact when you are listening to others.
B．Use positive body language to help you leave a good impression when you are listening to others.
C．Social rules are different from country to country.
D．Never ask for more information to show you are interested.
2．What can we learn from what Benjamin Disraeli says?
A．Talking more about the other helps make a good conversation.
B．When you are talking with each other, talk more about other people.
C．When you are talking with each other, never talk about the other.
D．Talking more about yourself will impress the other in the conversation.
3．The author thinks that ________ according to the passage.
A．the majority of people don't have good listening skills
B．when listening to the other person, you should keep silent and not get in any word
C．if you know what the speaker will say, you can speak it out for him or her D．communication is just a matter of speaking
4．It is advised in the passage that before going to a social occasion in a foreign country, you should ________.
A．find out the social rules of the country first
B．prepare flowers or a gift
C．make sure you arrive on time
D．prepare flowers of a certain color
答案：1～4 DAAA
S tudy­reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Listening is a skill which most people lack, but communication is a two­way process — it involves speaking AND listening.
[句式分析] 并列连词but连接两个并列分句，第一分句中关系代词which引导定语从句修饰先行词skill；第二分句中破折号后的句子是对上文的补充说明。

[尝试翻译] 倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧，而交流是双向的过程——它包括说和听两
个方面。

2．In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 另外，你需要知道该待多久，还有在何时必须离开。

3．Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but you needn't if you don't want to.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 有的主人希望能得到鲜花或小礼品，而在另一些地方你可以给主人送东西，但如果你不想送就没有必要送。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by “small talk”. Small talk means the little things we talk about at the start of a conversation. In English­speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather: “Nice day, isn't it？”
“Terrible weather, isn't it？” But there is
something special about small talk. It must be something
which both people have the same opinion about. The
purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on
something. This makes meeting people easier and more
comfortable. People usually agree about the weather, so it is a safe topic for small talk. But people often disagree about religion or politics so these are not suitable topics for small talk in English. The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place. At football matches, people make small talk about the game they are watching: “Great game, isn't it？” At bus stops, people may comment about the transport system: “The bus service is terrible, isn't it？”
Greetings and small talk are an important part of conversation in any language. The way people greet each other and the things they talk about, however, may be different from one language to another. This shows that there is much more to learn when we learn a language than just the vocabulary and the grammar of the language. We also have to learn the social behavior of the people who speak it.
语篇解读：本文讲述了在西方文化中，经常用small talk来开始一段对话，而且对话的内容的选择也是有一定讲究的。

1．Which of the following is the common topic over small talk for native speakers of English?
A．Politics. B．Families.
C．Education. D．Weather.
解析：选 D 细节理解题。

根据第一段的“In English­speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather”可知选D。

2．Why do we make small talk according to the passage?
A．To let both people argue about something.
B．To let both people agree on something.
C．To enlarge our knowledge.
D．To kill our time.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据第一段的“The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something.”可知选B。

3．The passage suggests that when we learn a language,
A．we should understand the importance of the language
B．it's necessary to learn about the culture of the country
C．we should learn about the transport system of the country
D．it's enough to grasp the grammar and vocabulary of the language
解析：选B 推理判断题。

通读全文可知，要掌握一门语言，学习这个国家的文化是很必要的。

4．It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A．it's important to find a suitable small talk subject
B．small talk depends on the purpose of the conversation
C．in English­speaking countries we should talk about the weather
D．agreeing with each other is the key to a successful conversation
解析：选A 推理判断题。

根据文章可知，在谈话时找到一个合适的话题是非常重要的，故选A。

B
·It looks like we are going to be here a while, huh?
·I'll have to remember not to come here on Mondays.
·How long have you been waiting？
语篇解读：本文通过表格罗列了在不同场合下闲谈的开头语。

5．What does the person mean by “I'll have to remember not to come here on Mondays”？
A．On Mondays, I have to work.
B．I have to wait long here on Mondays.
C．I hate waiting on Mondays.
D．You should come here on Mondays.
解析：选B 句意猜测题。

由表格中“Waiting some­ where”部分推断出，说话者的意思是星期一拥挤或需要等待很久。

6．If you ask someone “How soon is your birthday？”， you are probably ________.
A．waiting at a doctor's B．in a shopping mall
C．meeting a stranger D．at a party
解析：选D 推理判断题。

只有双方有了一定的了解才有可能询问生日日期方面的信息。

所以，这样的情况适合发生在某宴会上。

7．Which of the following are proper starters for a walking outside according to this passage?
A．Flowers, bad weather, shopping list.
B．High prices, baby's age, delayed buses.
C．Sunshine, buying flowers, fashion.
D．Puppies, flowers, weather.
解析：选D 总结归纳题。

“Out for a walk”涵盖了选项D中的全部，而其他选项中均有该部分没有涉及的话题。

8．What's the best title for the passage?
A．Starters of Small Talk
B．Examples of Small Talk
C．How to End Small Talk
D．Good Lines
解析：选A 标题归纳题。

整个表格罗列的是闲谈的开头语，没有涉及其他主题。

C
I did an experiment by talking to strangers recently. Here are some things I experienced during the experiment.
On October 9th, while visiting my family hometown
for a wedding, I met a man sitting on the side of the
hotel pool. We started talking. It turned out that he
had just moved to the area with his family from Chicago.
I told him what I knew about the community, the schools,
and particular neighborhoods where he was looking to buy a house. He was grateful to me for my information. The interaction made me feel useful and valuable.
On May 20th, we had three men from a tree trimming (修剪) company visiting our house to cut back our trees. Normally, I would let them work outside without engaging them in conversation. This time, after they finished their work, I asked one of the tree trimmers, only half­joking, if they fell off trees frequently. One of the tree trimmers said that he had been climbing trees for 27 years and reported he had fallen out of a tree once and hurt his knee. I loved that conversation. I didn't always talk to someone whose job was to climb up trees, but it was interesting for learning about how they did it. I also realized I learned something new.
On May 30th, I went to an outdoor block party on Friday night, along with my wife and our 3­month­old baby. Our baby was wearing oversized noise­cancelling headphones that truly looked pretty ridiculous on a baby. When I tried to talk with others, they immediately started talking with me after seeing the baby. I found it was almost very easy to start talking with people when you had a baby with you.
All in all, I felt great about most of my interactions with strangers. Almost every interaction left me feeling a little happier. I also felt I learned new things by talking to people from different walks of life who I wouldn't normally meet.
语篇解读：作者做了一个为期21天的与闲聊有关的试验，试验结束后发现自己颇有收获。

9．The man was grateful to the author because ________.
A．he made his first friend there
B．he gained some useful information
C．the author helped him kill the time
D．the author helped him make a decision
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据第二段的“I told him what I knew ... grateful to me for my information.”可知，那人感激作者是因为得到了一些有用的信息。

10．What did the author probably learn from the experience on May 30th?
A．Babies are great conversation starters.
B．It's inconvenient to go out with a baby.
C．People love looking at ridiculous babies.
D．It's not challenging to talk with strangers.
解析：选A 推理判断题。

根据第四段的最后一句可知，这次经历让作者意识到小孩是开展闲聊的利器。

11．At this experiment, the author most probably found it ________.
A．useless B．exciting
C．rewarding D．embarrassing
解析：选C 推理判断题。

根据末段的叙述可推断，作者觉得这次经历很值得。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五
I always wanted to travel, but I didn't know when to start.__1__ First and foremost I was afraid to do it alone. One day I decided to book tickets to places I had never been and escaped to a new part of the world for almost a year. I can tell you that being your own captain while crossing into unknown lands is the most self­developing experience. Let me explain to you why.
Free your mind. When you travel alone, the sense of having absolute freedom is amazing. Nothing frees your mind more than traveling alone. __2__ You don't have to be afraid of not living up to someone else's expectations. You get to just be yourself, so you can follow your own rhythm and desires.
__3__ Whether you're traveling in a big city, tiny remote village or in the jungle, you can meet amazing people. When you travel somewhere, you are never actually alone for very long. Being alone in a new environment opens you up to experiencing what other people have to offer and learning from them.
__4__ Being completely alone in another part of the world challenges your fears. Just going somewhere on your own is a big step for some people. Fortunately it sounds more difficult than it actually is. When you make it to your destination, you will see how smoothly things can go. You will learn to control your fears instead of letting them control you.
See better from a distance.__5__ The same rule applies to traveling. When we distance ourselves from a situation, we get a better understanding of the issues. The problems that used to upset us at home often seem meaningless when we are far away.
A．Overcome your fears.
B．Meet people you never expected.
C．Have a chance to learn a new language.
D．You don't have to listen to anyone but yourself. E．Sometimes people don't seem that interesting at first. F．There was always something that stopped my feet.
G．When we climb a hill, we get a better view of what's below. 答案：1～5 FDBAG。