中考英语语法定语从句练习

中考英语语法定语从句练习
定语从句⼀：先⾏词：被定语从句所修饰的词
⼆：关系代词：⽤来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先⾏词的代词。

先⾏词是物： which that
先⾏词是⼈： who that
在从句中的作⽤：主语、宾语、表语
e.g. They had a radio. / It could send out messages.
They had a radio which/ that could send out message. (主语)
The girl is my best friend. / She spoke just now.
The girl who/ that spoke just now is my best friend. （主语）
He always buys some books. / He never read them.
He always buys some books (which/ that) he never read. (宾语)
注意点：
1.）定语从句⼀般直接跟在先⾏词的后⾯：
e.g. The man who lives next door sells vegetables.
The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( × )
The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.
The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( × )
2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：
e.g. The young man ( who ) you saw was our manager.
There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.
3.) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能⽤which 或 whom
e.g. The man is a famous runner. / You talked to him just now.
The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.
The chair is made of wood. / He is sitting on it now.
The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.
He is a library assistant. / I borrowed some books from him.
He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.
It is a famous school. / He graduated from it 3 years ago.
It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.
The service should be improved. / The students complain a lot about it.
The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.
有⼀些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，⼀般还是放在动语之后，不提前：
e.g. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him.
He is the student who the teachers are looking for.
The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children.
The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.
三： whose 的⽤法：
关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“ 的”时，它既可以修饰指⼈的先⾏词，也可以修饰指物的先⾏词。

e.g. The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize.
The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.
Do you know anyone? / His family is in Xi’an.
The book is not mine. / The cover of it is red.
I live in the room. / The windows of it face south.
The chair has been repaired. / The leg of it was broken.
四：限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成⽴。

He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.
Here is the boy who damaged the glass.
⾮限制性定语从句：主句和从句⽤逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进⼀步说明的作⽤，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。

e.g. The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old.
Bob’s father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt.
Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one of world’s trade center.
注意点：
⾮限制性定语从句不能⽤that引导.
e.g. She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well.
which还可以⽤来指代上⽂中的⼀件事情.
e.g. Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad.
He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted.
介词＋which:
The picture ______ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.
Can you think of a situation ________ this word can be used?
I’m grateful to him for that advice, ______ I owed all my success.
关系副词： when where why
当先⾏词是表⽰时间的名词，⽤when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时⼀般可以⽤介词＋which来代替:
e.g. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.
I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.
He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning.
He still remember the morning when/ on which the earthquake happened.
当先⾏词是表⽰地点的名词，⽤where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时⼀般可以⽤介词＋which来代替:
e.g. This is the house. / He used to live in the house.
This is the house where/ in which he used to live.
I know of a place. / We can swim in that place.
I know of a place where/ in which we can swim.
Is there any shop around? / I can buy a pen in the shop.
Is there any shop around where/ in which I can buy a pen.
先⾏词是表⽰原因的名词，即reason，⽤why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时⼀般可以⽤for ＋which来代替: e.g. I don’t know the reason. / He did it for this reason.
I don’t know the reason why/ for which he did it.
The reason was not clear. / He was fired for it.
The reason why/ for which he was fired was not clear.
注意点：
当表⽰时间、地点和原因的名词在从句中不是作状语，⽽是在从句中作主语或宾语时，还是应⽤which/ that
e.g. This is the date _______ we’re proud o
f.
This is the date _______ he was born.
I will never forget the time ______ we spent together.
This is the factory _______ my mother works.
This is the factory _______ we visited last week.
Is this factory you visit last week?
A. the one
B. where
C. which
D. that
This factory is the one (that/ which) you visit last week.
I don’t believe the reason _____ he gave for his decision.
Another reason _______ he made this decision is that he had to consider the feelings of others.
关系词的选择
Ａ．只⽤that
a.当先⾏词是不定代词，如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等
All that can be done has been done.
I didn’t mean this one; I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
b.先⾏词（指物的）前⾯有only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时
There’s no difficulty that we can’t overcome.
I’ve read all the books that can be borrowed here.
c.先⾏词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的级修饰时
This is the first letter that I’ve written in Japanese.
She is the most careful girl that I’ve ever known.
d.当先⾏词既有⼈⼜有物时
They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us.
e.当先⾏词是系动词be后⾯的表语或关系词本⾝是从句的表语时
China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
It’s a book that will help you a great deal.
f．当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时
Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?
Which is the car that overtook us yesterday?
g. 当主句以There be…结构开头时，或关系代词在there be…结构中作实义主语，先⾏项为物
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
There are two tickets of the film that are for you.
The 9.15 is the fastest train that there has ever been.
h. 当先⾏词是what时
What did you hear that made you so angry?
i.当先⾏词是基数词时
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.
B. 只⽤which
a. 在⾮限制性定语从句，充当主语或定语
They have three houses, which are built of stone.
b. 当关系代词前有介词时
This is the factory in which we once worked.
We study in the classroom of which the doors face south.
c．当先⾏词本⾝that是时
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
d. 当关系代词后⾯带有插⼊语时
Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
I’ve bought you some books which I think may interest you.
C.只⽤who不⽤that
a.先⾏词是one, ones或anyone时
One who does not work hard will never succeed.
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA.
b.先⾏词为those 或被those修饰，指⼈时
Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
c.在以there be…的句⼦中，先⾏词为⼈时
There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
d. 当定语从句中⼜有定语从句，且先⾏项都为⼈时
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
e.当指⼈的先⾏项被⼀些指物的名词修饰时
There 's only one student in the school who I want to see.
Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields?
f. 在⾮限制性定语从句中指⼈
I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.
g.定语从句中有插⼊语时, 并不影响关系代词和副词的选择。

Jackson is a man who I believe is honest.
He won another award, which I think is the result of his hard work.
D.在定语从句中，whose作定语，　其先⾏项既可以是⼈，⼜可以是物
Lei Feng was a great communist fighter whose death was weightier than Mount Tai.
Where’s the window whose glass is broken?
E. 在定语从句，关系副词when, where, why与关系代词which, that的关系
July 1st, 1921 is the day that/which we Chinese should always remember.
This is the place that/which they visited last year.
Please give me a reason that/which could account for your absence.
I still remember the day when(=on which) I joined the army.
This is the room where(=in which) Luxun once lived.
Another reason why(=for which) he works hard is that he has pass the exam.
F. as, which的⽐较
a.在⾮限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语．如从句在主句之后，两者皆可⽤
They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.
She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.
Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.
b.如从句在主句之前，⽤as
As we all know, his parents were killed in this war.
As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.
c.如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有＂正如．．．＂＂就象．．．＂之意时，⽤as
We won the match, as we had expected.
He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.
d. 当先⾏项被the same, such, so修饰时，⽤as
This is the same book as you bought yesterday.同类书 (⽐较：This is the same book that you bought yesterday.同⼀本书) Don’t believe in such men as praise you to your face.
I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.
e. 当从句内容对主句内容起消极作⽤，则⽤which
The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgra 定语从句⼩结
. as 也可以⽤来引导⾮限制性定语从句，⽤来指待⼀件事，这时它的位置可以放在句⾸、句中和句尾。

e.g. He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.
As we know from his accent, he is an American.
He, as we know from his accent, is an American.
As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.
Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above.
正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.
定语从句的练习：
I passed him a glass of whiskey, ______ he drank at once.
He spoke to me in a way _______ I don’t at all like.
It is a famous university ________ he graduated 3 years ago.
Are you the lady ______ asked for help?
The service __________ students complain a lot should be improved.
He works in a college ______ students are all women.
The picture ______ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.
Can you think of a situation ________ this word can be used?
We can see very clearly the method ______ the computers work.
_______ he introduced just now, Dr. Baker is an expert in Biology.
I’m grateful to him for that advice, ______ I owed all my success.
This is the famous star ______ photos are on this magazine.
The science of medicine, ________ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the science.定语从句的⽤法
(⼀) 定语从句的作⽤
作⽤在句⼦中作定语,修饰句⼦中的某⼀名词或代词,从句须放在先⾏词之后。

关联词关联词⽤于引导⼀个定语从句,代替先⾏词在从句中充当⼀定的成分。

(⼆) 关系代词的作⽤
1.作主语 1. The student who is talking with the monitor is Lucy.（指⼈作主语）
2. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.（指物作主语）
2.作表语
3.She is no longer the girl that she used to be.（指⼈作表语）
3.作宾语 4The student whom (who)you want to see has come already.（指⼈作宾语）
5.The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.（指物作宾语）
4.作定语 6.The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.（指⼈作定语）
(三) 须⽤that引导的定语从句
1.nothing,everything,anything,much, all,little等不定代词作先⾏词时，常⽤that引导从句.something两者均可。

Is there anything that I can do for you?
2.指物的先⾏词前被序数词修饰时。

The first thing that we should do is to help him.
3.指物的先⾏词前被形容词级修饰时。

This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen.
4.指物的先⾏词前被the very, the only, the same修饰时。

That’s the very tool that we are looking for.
5.先⾏词既指⼈⼜指物时。

They talked about the things and friends that they could remember.
6.主句是由Who/Which引导的特殊疑问句时。

Who is the man that is standing over there?
Which is the tool that you are looking for?
(四).不可由that引导的定语从句
1.在⾮限制性定语从句中。

Mr Smith ,who lives in Chicago, is a doctor .
2.关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时。

This is the room in which Mr Liu once lived .
3.由that作先⾏词时。

The bread which is made by my mother is better than that which is sold in food shops.
4.someone.somebody,nobody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody等指物的不定代词作先⾏词时。

Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
（五）.⾮限制性定语从句的特点：1.不能⽤that引导定语从句。

2.关系代词不能省略。

（六）关系副词的⽤法：关系副词代替先⾏词在定语从句中与相应的介词⼀起充当状语。

1． When指代表⽰时间的先⾏词在定语从句中与相应的介词⼀起充当时间状语。

例如：
October 1，1949 was the day when（=on which） the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2． Where指代先⾏词在定语从句中与相应的介词⼀起充当地点状语。

例如：
We will visit the house where(=in which)Lu Xun was born.
3. why代替先⾏词在定语从句中与相应的介词⼀起充当原因状语.例如:
Who can tell me the reason why(=for which) Tom was absent today?
配套定语从句专练：
1.The man_____talked to you just now is an engineer of the computer company.
A.who
B.which
C.where
D.when
2.I still remember the days_____we studied together in the school.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.when
3.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small village____he grew up.
A.which
B.where
C.that
D.when
4.Can you tell me the name of the factory____you visited last week?
A.what
B.where
C./
D.when
5.Is this the house _____Shakespare was born?
A.at which
B.which
C. at where
D. in which
6.In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person____she could turn for help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
7.All_____is needed is a supply of oil.
A .the thing B. that C. what D. which
8.Corn was not the only food_____was taken to Europe.
A. which
B. who
C. /
D. that
9.Look at the man and his horse____are walking up the street.
A. which
B. who
C. what
D. that
10.She is no longer the student ____she used to be.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. that
11.I don’t like_____you speak to her.
A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which
12.He paid the boy 10 yuan for washing ten windows,most of____hadn’t been cleaned
A .there B. those C. that D. which
13.Mr Green has two daughters,both of____are doctors.
A. them
B. whom
C. who
D. that
14.Whose is this book the cover_____is blue?
A. whose
B. its
C. which D . o f w h i c h b r > 1 5 . I l i k e t o l i v e i n t h e h o u s e _ _ _ _ _ w i n d o w s f a c e s o u t h b r > A . w h i c h B . o f w h i c h C . w h o s e D . w h e r e b r > 1 6 . H i s p a r e n t s w o u l d t l e t h i m m a r r y a n y o n e _ _ _ _ f a m i l y w a s p o o r . b r > A / o f w h o m B . w h o m C . o f w h o s e D . w h o s e b r > 1 7 . I n S y d e n y , t h e C h i n e s e t e a m g o t 2 8 g o l d m e d a l , _ _ _ _ _ _ w e r e w o n b y w o m e n . b r > A . 1 8 o f w h i c h B . 1 8 o f t h a t C . w h i c h o f 1 8 D . 1 8 i n w h i c h b r > 1 8 . A b r a h a m L i n c o l n , _ _ _ _ w a s b o r n i n K e n t u r k e y , s t u d i e d l a w i n h i s s p a r e t i m e a n d l a t e r b e c a m e P r e s i d e n t o f t h e U S A . b r > A . w h a t B . w h o C . w h o m D . w h i c h b r > 1 9 . T h o s e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ h a v e a n y q u e s t i o n s p l e a s e p u t u p y o u r h a n d s . b r > A . w h i c h B . t h a t C . w h o m D . w h o。