北京市亦庄实验中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试题

北京市亦庄实验中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试
题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子
二、汉译英（整句）
11．如果我装作没有认出你，不要惊讶。

(pretend)(汉译英)
12．人笑能放松身上的肌肉，并且尽情大笑后，其影响能够持续45分钟。

(汉译英) 13．但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。

(过去分词短语作状语)(汉译英)
14．显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。

(汉译英)
三、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下列文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空1处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In recent years, big changes about “greenways” have taken place in Beijing 15 residents can get more exercise to benefit their own health, and pursue a more carbon-free lifestyle.
A typical one is the “Chaoyang Greenway”. So far, it 16 (cover) a distance of around 10 kilometers in Beijing’s Chaoyang district. The path 17 (combine) walking and cycling is a new and welcome addition. With the “greenways”. Beijing becomes a greener and better place to live in.
阅读下列文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空1处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Canadians are extremely enthusiastic about renewable energy, and public opinion is 18 (clear) moving towards a clean energy vision for the future. But when you look at the latest polls, there are still some major obstacles to aggressive climate action.
You’ve 19 (probable) heard that most Canadians want governments to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds of the public tell pollsters (民意调查人) when asked. But the same two-thirds will tell you they’re pretty satisfied and think Canada is doing a decent job dealing with climate change.
It’s not because Canadians aren’t worried. Three quarters of the public are concerned and the level of worry 20 (rise) — half of us now describe climate change as a “very serious threat.” But most people think we’re already pulling our weight. Just 25 percent of Canadians think we’re doing less than our “fair share.”
One of the really worrying trends in public opinion is the number of people 21 think tackling climate change is already a lost cause.
阅读下列文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空1处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Mr. Mora is a famous university president. He is remembered as a humorous man 22 lectures bring laughter from time to time. He is also remembered by his family and
friends for being absent-minded. There are many interesting stories about Mr. Mora, 23 amuse people.
Once on a train, a conductor came to Mr. Mora, asking for his ticket. He began to search his pockets. No ticket appeared. Mr. Mora began searching his suitcase. “Never mind, sir.” said the conductor, seeing how anxiously Mr. Mora 24 (look) for his ticket and trying to comfort him. “When you find your ticket, just post it to the station. I’m sure you have it somewhere.” “I’m sure, too.” said the president as he continued searching. “But I must find it. I need to know where I’m going.”
四、完形填空
Oleita, a 26-year-old environmentalist from Detroit, thinks she may have a partial solution for two problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. She is
so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
The idea came to Oleita two years ago when she came across a woman in England 26 viewers how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook. 27 , she decided to use that video as a blueprint to start the Chip Bag Project.
Oleita and her volunteers get chip bags of all brands and sizes. After cleaning them in soapy hot water, they 28 them open, lay them flat and iron them together. They use the material from old coats to 29 the insides. Each sleeping bag requires 150 chip bags and takes around four hours to complete.
Since 2020, the project has 30 more than 800, 000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to 31 money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s not enough. “We are committed to providing 32 for those in need, making an impact not only socially, but environmentally, ” Oleita says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of recycling bags that would 33 land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that pollution and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita said, “I think it’s time to show 34 between all of these issues. ”
25．A．clean B．special C．empty D．new 26．A．showing B．asking C．sending D．observing
27．A．Astonished B．Inspired C．Disappointed D．Embarrassed 28．A．push B．slice C．knock D．swing 29．A．decorate B．match C．adjust D．cover 30．A．purchased B．sold C．collected D．produced 31．A．raise B．borrow C．earn D．save 32．A．relaxation B．innovation C．instruction D．relief 33．A．still B．almost C．hardly D．otherwise 34．A．conflicts B．similarities C．connections D．distinctions
五、阅读理解
For many travelers these days, finding a way to make travel more meaningful has become a top priority. They are increasingly pursuing journeys that include time to volunteer, work on a conservation project, protect endangered animals or to do other activities that allow for giving back while exploring a new part of the world. Here are some opportunities that combine travel with doing good deeds.
The Azores
The trips offer the opportunity to work on carefully selected projects alongside famous scientists while also enjoying encounters with some of the world’s most fascinating sea creatures in water. It allows participants to join a research team in the Azores that s studying the animals to support future conservation of the species. Advanced diving experience is required.
Red Sea, Egypt
Combining an opportunity for world-class diving with being part of an important research effort conducted by Hurghada Environmental Protection and Conservation Association. The seven-night trip includes learning how to gather water data with state -of-the -art scientific equipment and conducting onboard and underwater experiments.
Australia
Explore Queensland, Australia, while also supporting a registered charity that rescues farm animals from abuse, neglect, and situations where they’re in danger. Participants help with daily cleaning of barns (牲口圈) and cages. feeding, health checks, light repair, monitoring animals’ movements, and intensive care of ill, old and baby animals. The
experience includes free accommodations with Wi Fi and a swimming pool.
Romania
Work with bears at Romania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇护所), a place that was created as a heaven for bears that have been abused. Located in the Carpathian Mountains, the sanctuary needs volunteers to help with preparing food, monitoring animal well-being and leading conservation tours. The sanctuary is home to 84 bears, with 20 more due to be rescued.
35．What do the first two trips have in common?
A．Both involve underwater activities.
B．Both provide free accommodations.
C．Both require advanced diving experience.
D．Both teach how to use scientific equipment.
36．Which place best suits a girl who likes horses?
A．The Azores.B．Red Sea.C．Australia.D．Romania. 37．Why are the bears adopted by the sanctuary in Romania?
A．They have no food.B．They are badly treated.
C．They should be monitored.D．They need to live in mountains.
六、其他
The Lifecycle of a T-shirt
We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? You’d probably be surprised to learn what’s involved in the lifecyle of just one T-shirt.
There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal (处理). The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.
Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning,
knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc. —these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.
After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are most of your cotton garments (衣服) are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck…, all of which spill CO2 into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO2 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.
Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you’ve washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.
The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current U. S. records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.
We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let’s all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing…it has a real impact on the planet.
There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they’re too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat (恒温器) on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.
38．The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means “________”.
A．wastes water B．takes a lot of time C．uses energy D．has a bad effect 39．What can be inferred from this passage?
A．The production process may affect water safety.
B．The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.
C．Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.
D．The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.
40．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every year.
B．CO2 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.
C．About 15% of the clothes and shoes wind up in the landfills eventually.
D．About 16,000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry. 41．What is the purpose of this article?
七、任务型阅读
When people are asked what’s important in their lives, they often mention humor, yet philosophers would disagree.
The first is how little they have said. The most that major philosophers like Plato, Hobbes, and Kant wrote about laughter or humor was a few paragraphs within a discussion of another topic. Some anthropologists (人类学家) comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that humor could be left out of human life without much loss.
The second is how negative most philosophers have been in their assessments of humor. From ancient Greece until the 20th century, the vast majority of philosophical comments on laughter and humor focused on scornful (蔑视的) or mocking laughter, or on laughter that overpowers people, rather than on comedy, wit, or joking. Plato, the most influential critic of laughter, treated laughter as an emotion that overrides (凌驾于) rational self-control. He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, “for when one abandons himself to violent laughter, his condition causes a violent reaction.” Another of Plato’s objections to laughter is that it is evil. Plato analyzes the enjoyment of comedy as a form of scorn. The people we laugh at imagine themselves to be wealthier, better looking, or more virtuous than they really are. In laughing at them, we take delight in something evil: their self-ignorance.
Because of these objections to laughter and humor, Plato says that in the ideal state, comedy should be tightly controlled. “We shall order that such representations be left to slaves or hired aliens, and receive no serious consideration whatsoever. No free person, whether woman or man, shall be found taking lessons in them.”
Greek thinkers after Plato had similarly negative comments. Though Aristotle considered
it a valuable part of conversation, he agreed with Plato that laughter expresses scorn. The Stoics, with their emphasis on self-control, agreed with Plato that laughter weakens self-control. Epictetus’s Enchiridion advises “Let not your laughter be loud, frequent, or unrestrained.” His followers said that he never laughed at all.
42．What conclusion do some anthropologists make on humor?
A．Humor is of great significance to people.
B．Humor is a valuable part of conversation.
C．Humor can be left out of human life without much loss.
D．Humor reflects people’s irrationality and self-ignorance.
43．Plato advocates the strict control of comedy and limiting it to slaves or hired aliens in the ideal state. T/F
44．The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control. T/F
45．What suggestion does Plato offer to the guardians of a country? Why?
46．Do you agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage about humor? Why or why not?
八、七选五
Plogging
Plogging is a new way to jog while cleaning up the planet. It's a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the motivation behind it includes reducing the load of plastic litter in our environment, as well as keeping fit while running. 47 If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others, and care about removing litter from our environment, then this might just be the sport for you.
Make good preparations before plogging. Dress suitably for the environment in which you are running. This will vary depending on the weather and surroundings, but the basics are comfortable running clothes and closed-toe running shoes. Suitable gloves are a wise and useful addition, as picking up litter can be dangerous in some situations. 48 This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp
edges.
Organize your plogging group. If you're lucky enough to have ploggers already in your area, seek them out. Join up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check out such meeting groups at Meetup or ask at a local sports store to find out what opportunities exist where you live. If you don't have a group, create one. Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers. 49 Collect safely. One key suggestion for staying safe while collecting litter is to avoid picking up broken glass or sharp items. If you must collect such an item, only do so when you can find a very safe way to collect it without harming yourself. If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it. 50 If an item of litter presents a potential safety risk, try to mark the item clearly to encourage people to avoid it.
51 It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care. You're part of the growing movement of people who are giving back to the world at the same time as honoring self care, a sustainable and healthy way to balance your life. This could be a fantastic opportunity to show people that individual action makes a big difference.
A．Taking some photos during the process is also necessary.
B．You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.
C．Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise.
D．You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.
E．Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit.
F．If you find a natural area with litter problem, this might be a suitable place.
G．With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.
九、阅读表达
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton in the closet?” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”
“Why pick on my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Your family history isn’t so good, you know. Wasn’t your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now,” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.
After dinner, the house was very quiet. Jessica’s parents were still quite angry with each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica’s mother sank into a faint (晕倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.
“What happened? Where am I?” she asked. “You just destroyed the school’s skeleton, Mum,” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health project. I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly. “They’re both crazy,” she thought.
52．According to Jessica’s mother, what does “a skeleton in the closet” mean?
53．According to paragraph 2, why were some Australians’ ancestors transported to Australia?
54．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jessica’s mother fainted because a bony arm hit her when she opened Jessica’s closet. 55．Do you find the story humorous? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
十、其他应用文
56．北京的古城墙（the ancient wall）是否应该被拆除，请就此话题写一篇“for and against”
的文章，发表在我校英语报上。

注意：词数不少于100词
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试卷第11页，共11页。