原创1：Discovering Useful Structures—Sentence Structu

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简单句 并列句 复合句 并列复合句
Know about the basic composition of a sentence
定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和 次要成分。
主要成分 次要成分
主语和谓语 表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
2. 表语是谓语的部件，而不是 与谓语平级的句子成分。
3. 主系表结构实际上是主谓结 构，没有所谓的主谓表结构。
7. Our duty is to make our environment better.
不定式
Discover what make up the composition of a sentence
Welcome Unit
Discovering Useful Structures
Sentence Structures
Teaching objectives and aims
1. To review the structure of simple sentences.
2. To learn about the composition of sentences.
间接宾语 直接宾 语
2. Mother made Mary a new coat.
温馨提示 直接宾语和间接宾 语不能按宾语离动 词的远近来判别。
间接宾语 直接宾 语
Discover what make up the composition of a sentence
(predicative) 表语:说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态
look after是动词短语
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. 谓语是can speak She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 谓语是doesn’t seem
Discover what make up the composition of a sentence
名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词 句子
Discover what make up the composition of a sentence (verb) 谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? see是及物动词 He looked after two orphans. look是不及物动词
方式状语
7. His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
结果状语
8. Please call me if it is necessary.
条件状语
9. This book is very interesting.
程度状语
10. He went to school in spite of his illness.
3. To get the skills of analyzing different sentences.
4. Complete all the connected exercises in this part.
Know about the 4 types of sentence structures
或句子
谓语
说明主语做什么，是什 动词或动词词组
么或怎么样
She is dancing under the tree.
宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语
Both of us like English.
与联系动词连用，一起
Her father is a chemist.
表语 构成谓语，说明主语的 同主语
His words sound reasonable.
(subject)主语:句子说明的人或事物 1. Jane is good at playing the piano. 2. She went out in a hurry. 3. Four plus four is eight. 4. To see is to believe. 5. Smoking is bad for health. 6. The young should respect the old. 7. What he has said is true.
让步状语
Discover what make up the composition of a sentence
(object complement)宾语补足语：说明宾语的身份和状态以补充
其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。
1. I found the book interesting. 2. Do you smell something burning? 3. He made himself known to them. 4. She asked me to lend her a hand.
形容词 现在分词 过去分词 不定式
温馨提示：宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。
Know about the sentence element
句子成分
意义
充当成分
例句
表示句子说的是什么人 名，代，数，不定 We study in Huang Qiao
主语 或什么事
式，动名词，短语 Middle School.
1. I am fine. 2. He is a boy. 3. Five plus two is seven. 4. We are here. 5. He is not at home. 6. My hobby is reading.
形容词 名词 数词 副词
介词短语 动名词
1. 表语是句子中的不完整的谓 语，须和系动词一起构成句 子中的完整的复合谓语。
Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tom writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There's always something exciting to do. And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!
性质或特点
Know about the sentence element
句子成分词 形 ， 代 ， 数 ， 名 , We have eight lessons
定语
副，介词短语或句 every day.
子
修饰动词，形容词，
He works very hard.
状语
副词，表示动作发生 副词，介词短语或 They held a party in
名词 代词 数词 名词化的形容词 不定式 动名词 句子
Discover what make up the composition of a sentence
直接宾语 (DO) 和间接宾语(IO)的区别
直接宾语表示动作的承受者，一般是物。
间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人。
1. Please show me your passport.
条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等；
C
(object complement) 宾语补足语：说明宾语的身份和状态以补 充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。
DO (direct object) IO (indirect object)
Discover what make up the composition of a sentence
主谓 定 宾 同
状
语语 语 语 位
语
语
Know about the terms
S (subject) 主语: 句子说明的人或事物；
V (verb) 谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征；
O (object) 宾语: 动作的对象或承受者；
P (predicative)表语：连系动词后面的成分；
A (adverbial) 状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、
(object) 宾语: 动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
1. Show your passport, please. 2. She didn't say anything 3. —How many do you want? —I want two. 4. They sent the injured to hospital. 5. They asked to see my passport. 6. I enjoy working with you. 7. Did you write down what he said?
时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 结果状语 目的状语
Discover what make up the composition of a sentence
(adverbial)状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、 方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
6. He often went to school by bus.
(adverbial)状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、 方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
1. I will be back in a while. 2. They are playing on the playground. 3. He was late because he got up late. 4. He got up so late that I missed the train. 5. I waited to see you.
Read the sentences and analyse the structures 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 7. There is an English Corner at our school. 8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
Read the sentences and analyse the structures 1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. 2. We must act. 3. The maths homework looks easy. 4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
的时间，地点，原因，句子
Hollywood.
目的，方式，结果等
逻辑上与宾语是主谓 形容词，名词，介 She always keeps the
宾语补足语
关系
词短语等
house clean.
Study the sentence structures
Sentence structure
Sentence
S+V S+V+O
S+P SV+ IO+DO
S+V+OC S+V+A S+V+OA There be …
All of us laughed! I miss my grandma. The teacher was kind and friendly. He told us a funny story. I found most of my classmates friendly and helpful. He talked too much. I had my first maths class at senior high school. There's a lot to explore at senior high.