人教版高中英语选修八：Unit 2 Cloning语法知识点汇总

人教版高中英语选修八：Unit 2 Cloning语法知识点汇总
语言要点（模块）
Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）
1.differ vi. 不同；相异；（指人）看法不同；与……意见不同(= disagree)
difference n. 不同之处different adj. 不同的
[典例]
1)Apparently, the twins differ from each other in character. 很显然，这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。

2)The examples illustrate that the two words differ in meaning. 那些例子说明了这两个词在意思上的不同。

3)It is not an easy thing to team up with those who differ with you on it.
与那些在这件事情上与你意见不同的人合作并非易事。

4)Their house differs from mine in having no garage.他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们的没有汽车库。

5)The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。

[重点用法]
differ from = be different from 与……不同/有区别
be different from sb. (in…) (在……方面)不同于某人
differ in在……方面不同
A differs from
B in... A与B在……方面不同
differ with sb. about/on/over sth. 与某人在某事上持不同看法
make a (big/real) difference (to)对......有影响（对......影响很大/产生很大的影响）★
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). The two squares differ _______ (介词) color but not _______ (介词) size.
2). The husband differs _______ (介词) the wife _______ (介词) who is to take charge of the money.
3). It doesn’t make a ________ (differ) to me whether you are going to stay.
4). This is a different car ________ (介词) the one I drove yesterday.
Keys: 1). in; in 2). with; on/about/over 3). difference 4). from
2.exact adj. 精确的，准确的exactly adv. 精确地；确切地；完全地
[典例]
1)It happened 20 years ago, to be exact. 确切地说，这件事发生在20年前。

2)She is straightforward and exact in her work. 她很坦率并对工作一丝不苟。

[重点用法]
to be exact = exactly speaking 确切地说an exact copy一模一样的复制品
exact location/position/spot确切位置/地点the exact colour/type一样的颜色/类型exact date/time/number/amount确切的日期/时间/数字/数量
[练习]汉译英
1)She has worked at the bank for many years, (确切地说是9年).
2)(确切地说), the plane will take off at 4:45 this afternoon.
Keys: 1) 9 years to be exact 2) Exactly speaking/To be exact
3.undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；担保，负责；承诺(后接to do)(promise to do) [典例]
1). She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承担了做出这些改变的责任。

2). He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之内还钱。

3). He undertook to finish the work before Friday.他答应在周五之前完成那份工作。

4). She undertook the organization work of the whole project.她负责整个项目的组织工作。

[重点用法]
undertake the project承接这项工程
undertake all risks承担所有风险
undertake corresponding legal responsibility承担相应的法律责任
undertake the task of writing a dictionary担负编写词典的任务
undertake/promise to find the distinction答应找出不同
undertake/promise to pay off the loan in six months答应6个月内还清贷款
undertake/promise that …答应……，保证……
[练习] 翻译句子。

1). (你如果承接这项工程的话), you are bound to suffer many hardships.
2). He (答应完成) the job by Friday and will
(承担责任) if it is not finished on time.
Keys: 1). If you undertake the project 2). undertakes to finish; undertake the responsibility
4.cast vt. (cast, cast) 扔；投；掷；抛
[典例]
1)We were very much cast down by the failure of the experiment. 我们因实验失败而非常沮丧。

2)I was cast down to find that the plan went nowhere. 发现该计划毫无进展，这让我沮丧。

[重点用法]
cast down使沮丧/失望(let ...down) cast light on sth. 使了解某事；使显得非常清楚
cast doubt(s) on sth. 使怀疑某事cast a look/glance at sb. 看了某人一眼
cast a shadow/cloud over sth. 给某事蒙上阴影cast an eye on/over sth. 迅速检查/浏览某物
cast aside all his former friends抛弃了旧友be cast away on a desert island流落荒岛
[练习]汉译英
1)(这则悲伤的消息使他情绪低落) that his grandfather died from cancer.
2)(不要这么沮丧). I believe you will pay off your debt sooner or later.
3)因为没人愿意和他合作，约翰非常沮丧。

Keys: 1) He was cast down by the sad news 2) Don’t be so cast down
3) John was very much cast down because nobody was willing to team up with him.
5.altogether adv. 总共(in all)，完全地(completely)；总之(in a/one word)
[典例]
1)The adventurer has been to twenty countries altogether, such as Denmark, Canada and Argentina.
这位冒险家总共到过二十个国家，如丹麦、加拿大和阿根廷。

2)I don’t altogether agree with you. 我不完全同意你的意见。

3)Xie Lei is straightforward and she always helps others. Altogether, she is a good girl.
谢蕾很坦率，总是帮助别人。

总之，她是个好女孩。

4)We played the game all together. 我们一起玩这个游戏。

[重点用法]
★altogether和all together的区别：作“总共”讲时，既可以用all together，也可以用altogether；
作“完全地，全部，总之”讲时，只能用altogether；
作“一道，一起”讲时，只能用all together。

[练习]汉译英
1)It is said that (总共100名毕业生) have applied for the post.
2)What had occurred indicated that this did not prevent disease (完全), but could
reduce its severity.
3)The hotel was nice; the weather was warm; the beaches were beautiful. (总之) I’d say
it was a great trip.
Keys: 1) 100 graduates altogether 2) altogether 3) Altogether
6.objection n.[C]不赞成，反对，异议
object v.[əb’dʒekt]不赞成，反对n.[’ɒbdʒikt][’a:bdʒi/ekt]物体；目标；宾语；客体；对象[典例]
1)Nobody raised objections to the present reform policies. 没有人反对目前的改革政策。

2)He has a strong objection to teaming up with the newcomer. 他强烈反对与新人一起工作。

3)My mother objected to my applying for the post. 我妈妈反对我申请这个职位。

[重点用法]
raise an objection to 对……提出异议
have/make an objection to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事（to是介词）★
object to sb. /sth. 反对某人/某事
object to doing sth. 反对做某事（to是介词）★
object to sb. / one’s doing sth. 反对某人做某事
【拓展】表示“反对”含义的词或短语还有：oppose，be opposed to(介)，be against等。

[练习]汉译英
1)我们反对受到这样的待遇。

Keys: 1) We object to being treated like this. 或We are opposed to being treated like this.
7.obtain vt. (正式) 获得；赢得；得到obtainable adj.能得到的; 可获得的
[典例]
1). I haven’t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到处都没买到那张唱片。

2). He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means.
他说警方是靠非法手段获得这一资料的。

3). He would work hard and grasp every opportunity to attain his aim.
他将努力工作，抓住每一个机会，以达到自己的目标。

4). He attained the age of 35 before marrying. 他35岁才结婚。

[重点用法]
obtain sth. from sb./sth. 从……获得某物
obtain information from head office从总部获取资料
obtain permission from the principal得到校长的同意
the results obtained through these surveys通过这些调查得出的结果
obtain him respect为他赢得尊敬
obtain admission from the United States Department of Education得到了美国教育部的准许
【拓展】attain vt. （经过努力）获得；得到；到达（水平、年龄、状况等）
★obtain与attain既是形近词，又是同义词。

两者均是比较正式的词汇。

obtain尤指通过自身的努力、技能或工作获得或得到；
attain则指经过长时间努力而获得，强调时间长。

[练习] 汉译英
1). After questioning the man for six hours, the police (得到消息) they wanted.
2). India (获得独立) in 1947, after a long struggle.
3). Lacking confidence, they are not likely to (实现这个目标).
4). Even a talent can’t (取得重大成就) unless he concentrates on what he is doing. Keys: 1). obtained the information 2). obtained independence
3) attain this aim 4). attain great achievements
8.禁止；不准
[典例]
1)We forbid punishing children. 我们不许惩罚小孩子。

2)Despite the fact that his doctor had strictly forbidden him to drink alcohol, he did not give up drinking.
尽管他的医生严禁他饮酒，但他还是没有戒酒。

3) A great many immigrants were forbidden to live on in that country because of war.
因为战争，许多移民被禁止在那个国家继续居住。

4)He forbids his children from entering the lab. 他不准他的孩子们进实验室。

5)The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers. 法律禁止使用化学肥料。

6)I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。

[重点用法]
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事（forbid to do×）forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事forbid/ban/prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
★同forbid一样可跟动名词作宾语、跟动词不定式作宾补的动词还有：permit, allow, advise, suppose等。

[练习] 翻译句子。

1). 飞机上禁止吸烟。

_________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他爸爸不准他和她交谈。

_________________________________________________________________________________
3). 要禁止小孩子不玩电脑游戏很难。

_________________________________________________________________________________
4). Most parents (禁止孩子单独游泳) in the river. Keys: 1). Smoking is forbidden on the plane. 2). His father forbade him to talk to her.
3). It is hard to forbid children (to play) computer games.
4). forbid their children to go swimming alone 或forbid their children from going swimming alone
9.accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积accumulation n [U,C] 积累accumulative adj.累积的；积聚的[典例]
1). By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。

2). Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很快就越积越多。

[重点用法]
gradually/slowly/quickly/rapidly accumulate 逐渐/慢慢/迅速积累begin to accumulate开始聚积
tend to accumulate容易聚积accumulate over the years日积月累[练习] 汉译英
1). As a writer, he used to go deep into life to (为创作积累素材).
2). Clinical evidence (开始积累), suggesting that the new drugs
had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
Keys: 1). accumulate materials for his creation 2). began to accumulate
10.owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于
[典例]
1)You owe more than gold to him who is in favour of you. 对于支持你的人，你欠他的不只是金子。

= You owe him more than gold who is in favour of you.
2)He owes what he has today to the reform. 把把他今天的成就归功于改革。

3)I owed it to you that I grasped the opportunity. 多亏你帮助我，我才抓住了这次机会。

4)He owes his father £50. = He owes £50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。

5)We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们的这一发现归功于牛顿。

6)Owing to the rain, I objected to going out. 由于下雨，我不赞成外出。

[重点用法]
owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物owe… to …把……归功于……
owe it to sb. that …把……归功于某人（宾语从句）
【拓展】owing to = because of “由于，因为”，引导原因状语，可位于句首、句中或句末。

★
[练习]汉译英
1)他欠他邻居200美元。

2)(由于天气不好), we didn’t go to the bank.
3)He asked for help from a colleague who (欠他一个人情). Keys: 1) He owed ＄200 to his neighbour. 或He owed his neighbour ＄200.
2) Owing to the bad weather或Because of the bad weather
3) owed him a favour
11.retire vi.退休(役)；离开retired adj. 退休/职/役的retirement n. 退休/职
[典例]
1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年从部队退役。

2). Our forces retired to prepared positions. 我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。

[重点用法]
retire from... 从……退休(役)/退出retire (from...) (to...) 退下，退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）retire at 65 65岁退休retire early because of poor health由于身体不好提前退休retire from teaching从教学岗位上退休retire from public life退出公众生活
a retired teacher退休教师be retired now现在退休了
take early retirement提前退休retirement age退休年龄
a retirement pension退休金the retiring president/manager即将卸任的总裁/经理
retire to my room to think躲进自己的房间去思考
[练习] 汉译英或所给单词的适当形式填空
1). After he (从……退休) office, Rogers took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
2). She was forced to (提前退出) teaching because of ill health.
3). She took early (retire) last year because of poor health.
4). It is no wonder many (retire) people are escaping from crowded cities.
Keys: 1). retired from 2). retire early from 3). retirement 4). retired
12.bother vt 打扰；(使)担心；费心；操心n. 令人烦扰的人或事；烦扰
[典例]
1)I don’t want to bother you with my hardship. 我不想让你因为我的苦难而担心。

2)Why bother to go to Italy and Denmark, when there are so many nice places here?
这里有这么多好地方，为什么还要费劲去意大利和丹麦呢？
3)It’s very thoughtful of you, but don’t bother to come and I can carry the luggage myself.
你想得很周到，但不要费心过来了，我自己可以拿行李。

4)I hope I haven’t been a bother. 我希望我没有打扰到你。

5)I didn’t want to bother him with my trifle. 我不想因我的小事麻烦他。

6)I am busy; don’t bother me now. 我很忙，现在别打扰我。

7)I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time? 对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点?
8)The boy apparently disturbed the class. 那个男孩很显然扰乱了课堂。

9)Please don’t interrupt me while I am working in the bakery.我在面包店工作时，请不要打断我。

[重点用法]
bother sb. with sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人bother with/about sth. 为某事烦恼
bother to do sth. 费心做某事It bothers sb. to do sth. / that …使某人苦恼的是……【拓展】
bother指为小事所“烦扰”，带有稍微抱怨的意味；
disturb侧重扰乱某种状态或秩序；
interrupt侧重打断某活动的进程，使其不能进行下去。

[练习] 汉译英
1)He didn’t even me know he was coming. 他甚至没通知我他要来。

2)I don’t want to my children at the moment. 此刻我不想让她为我的孩子操心。

3)Lots of people these days. 如今很多人费心思去国外。

4)—I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
—Sorry! . 希望我没有打扰到你。

Keys: 1) bother to let 2) bother her with 3) bother to go abroad 4) I hope I didn’t bother you
13.resist vt. 抵抗；对抗；抵制；忍耐
（★意为“忍住；按捺”时，后只接doing…，不接to do…作宾语，常用于否定句中★）
[典例]
1)We have to resist the urge to create too many complicated things, no matter how much we want to.
我们必须克制冲动，不要创建过多复杂的东西，无论我们多么希望这样做。

2)She couldn’t resist crying when her father objected to her going to the party.
当她父亲反对她去参加聚会时，她忍不住哭了起来。

[重点用法]
resist (doing) sth. 抵制（做）某事
can’t/couldn’t resist doing sth. = can’t/couldn’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
[练习] 汉译英
1)她太胖了，可是她抵制不了甜食（的诱惑）。

2)我时不时地会忍不住想起我的一位老朋友。

Keys: 1) She is too fat, but she can’t resist sweets.
2) I can’t resist/help thinking of one of my old friends from time to time.
Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(物作主语，常用主动态)；偿清（人作主语）；付清(工资解雇某人)
[典例]
1)Sandra elected to become a doctor and her determination paid off.
桑德拉决心成为一名医生，她的坚持不懈取得了成功。

2)Five years later, Mr. Wang paid off the debt of his house. 5年后，王先生还清了(买)房子的债务。

3)The affair indicates that more employees will be paid off before long.
这一件事表明不久会有更多的雇员拿到工资被解雇。

4)At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。

5)Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗?
6)We'll pay back the money soon. 我们很快就会还钱。

7)You can't use your check here; you'll have to pay down. 在这儿不能用支票；你得付现金。

8)You'll have to pay up.你必须把钱付清。

[短语归纳]
pay for付……的钱；为……而付出代价pay back偿还；报复
pay down用现金支付；付定金pay up付清全部欠款
[练习] 汉译英
1). After ten years of hard working she finally (还清) her debt.
2). Our efforts are sure to (得到回报).
3). The athlete’s years of hard training (得到回报) when she finally won
the Olympic gold medal.
4). Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to (为……付钱) it. Keys: 1). paid off 2). pay off 3). paid off 4). pay for
2. in favor of (= be for)赞成（approve of）；支持（in support of）
[典例]
1)The Defence Ministry spokesman spoke in favour of the plan. 那位国防部发言人表示支持这项规划。

2) A large percentage of the representatives are in favour of the newly elected socialist candidate.
大部分代表支持新当选的社会党候选人。

3)There were 316 votes in favour of the plan and 132 against. 有316票支持这项计划，132票反对。

4)I am in favor of your suggestion. 我赞成你的提议。

5)I talked to Susan about it, and she’s all in favor of it. 我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同。

6)Conditions in court are very much in William’s favour. 法庭上的情形对威廉非常有利。

7)Could you do me a favour and ferry me across the river? 你帮我个忙，用船把我送过河去好吗？
[重点用法]
in one’s favour对某人有利ask for a favor请求帮忙
do sb. a favor = do a favor for sb. 帮某人一个忙ask sb. a favour请某人帮忙
【拓展】
①“赞成，同意”的多种表达法：be in favour of, stand by, stand on one’s side, be for, agree to (a plan
/suggestion/proposal…), approve of, agree with (sb.), agree on (the time/date/place…)。

②“in + n. + of”结构的介词短语还有：
in terms of就……而言in place of代替in search of搜寻，寻找
in view of鉴于；由于；考虑到in case of万一；以防in memory of为了纪念
in honour of为向……表示敬意in charge of掌管，负责in need of需要
in praise of赞扬
[练习] 汉译英
1). At present, one of the arguments (支持) the new airport is that
it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.
2). The exchange rate is (对我们有利) at the moment.
3). Could you (帮我个忙) and pick up Sam from school?
4). Those who do everything (从……角度) money won’t lead a happy life.
5). (考虑到他的行为), his parents forbade him to go out alone. Keys: 1). in favour of 2). in our favour 3). do me a favour
4). in terms of 5). In view of his conduct
3. be bound to do 一定；注定(to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形)
[典例]
1)Even when walking in the company of two other men, I am bound to learn from them.
三人行，必有我师。

2)When the doctor is dealing with so many patients, mistakes are bound to occur.
当那位医生要照顾这么多病人时，失误在所难免。

3)The hard work of the man is bound to pay off. 这个人工作努力，注定会得到回报。

4)The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好。

5)You’ve done so much work that you're bound to pass the exam. 你下了这么大工夫, 一定能考及格。

[短语归纳]
tourists who are bound for Europe前往欧洲的旅客
[练习] 汉译英
1)If you keep on working hard like this, chances (一定) favour you. Keys: 1) are bound to
4.from time to time不时；偶尔（相当于sometimes或at times）
[典例]
1)I go to the opera from time to time with my friend. 我和我的朋友偶尔去听歌剧。

2)She was unable to keep up with others, and from time to time she slipped or fell down.
她无法跟上别人，还时不时地滑倒或摔倒。

[短语归纳]
ahead of time提前all the time始终，一直at a time每次；依次
at one time曾经；一度in no time 立刻，马上at no time 从来没有，在任何时候都不
in time 及时on time准时，按时for the time being眼下，暂时
[练习] 汉译英
1)Though very busy, he returns to his hometown (偶尔) to see his grandparents.
2)Arthur is pessimistic(悲观的). He feels cast down (不时).
3)He went back from the meeting room (立刻).
4)(曾经) she was occupied with her work day in and day out. Keys: 1) from time to time或once in a while 2) from time to time
3) in no time 4) At one time
5.bring … back to life使复活；使复生
[典例]
1)We tried in vain to bring the drowned swimmer back to life.我们试图让溺水的游泳者苏醒过来，却是徒然。

2)Because we have attained rapid advances in medical technology, doctors can bring dying patients back to life.
因为我们的医疗技术有了长足发展，所以医生能挽救垂危病人的生命。

3)The boy was brought back to life. 这个男孩被挽回了生命。

4)The boy came (back) to life. 这个男孩苏醒过来。

[短语归纳]
bring … back to life及物，可用于被动语态★；come (back) to life“苏醒”，不及物，不用于被动语态★；lead/live/have a … life 过……的生活bring … to life 赋予……生命
come to life变得生动(有趣)
[练习] 汉译英
1)Anyway he was dead, and we couldn’t (使他复生).
2)Only by working hard (我们才能使我们的家乡恢复生机).
3)When the man (苏醒) again, he found himself in a hospital bed, surrounded
by his family and friends.
Keys: 1) bring him back to life 2) can we bring our hometown back to life 3) came (back) to life
6.in vain枉费心机，白费力气，徒劳无益(★vain为形容词★)
[典例]
1)They tried in vain to team up with Huawei. 他们试图与华为公司合作，但枉费心机了。

2)Maybe it is in vain, but I’d like to have a try. 也许这是徒劳的，但是我想试一下。

[短语归纳]
“in + adj. / n.”类介词短语：in detail详细/尽地；in place在适当的位置；in charge主管，负责；
in comfort舒适地；in peace和平地；in harmony和谐地；in public公开地；
in sight在视力所及范围之内；in effect实际上；in short简而言之。

[练习] 汉译英
1)I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but (失败了).
2)She is well aware that (她的很多时间和努力都是白费的). Keys: 1) in vain 2) much of her time and effort is in vain
7.be unable to do sth. 没有能力做某事；无法做某事；不会做某事
[典例]
1)With a low salary, I am unable to pay off the bank loan in ten years.
因为薪水较低，在10年内我不能偿清银行贷款。

2)I am unable to cycle to school because my legs are badly hurt.我不能骑车去上学，因为我的腿受伤很严重。

3)He seems to be unable to undertake such a challenging task. 他好像无力承担如此具有挑战性的任务。

[短语归纳]
be able to do sth. 有能力做某事，会做某事
[练习] 汉译英
1)我很遗憾，这家商店不能提供你需要的商品。

2)由于日程安排比较紧，我不能参加你的生日聚会了。

Keys: 1) I regret/I am sorry to say that the shop is unable to supply what you want.
2) Owing to/Because of my tight schedule, I am unable to attend your birthday party.
8. be in good/poor/excellent condition 处于好的、坏的、极佳的状况
[典例]
1)The cable car is not in good condition and is unable to take in so many people.
电缆车状况不佳，不能承载那么多人。

2)Scientists elected to let the orbiter carry out additional exploratory tasks as it was in good condition.
这艘宇宙飞船工作状况良好，科学家决定让它执行额外的探索任务。

3)The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航。

4)The car is still in excellent condition. 这小车状况极佳。

[短语归纳]
in good/poor condition既可以作表语，也可以作定语和状语。

out of condition身体不好；保存得不好
on condition that …条件是……
on no condition决不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）
make it a condition that …以……为条件
working/living/studying conditions工作、生活、学习环境
[练习] 汉译英
1)Dr. Collins couldn’t lead the wildlife research in the tropical forest(热带林) any longer because his health was
(情况很坏).
2)They agreed to lend us the car (条件是) we returned it
before the weekend.
3)(我们决不雇用) such a man as is not reliable. Keys: 1) in poor condition 2) on condition that 3) On no condition shall we hire
Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
她（多莉羊）似乎生长正常的事实很鼓舞人心。

[解释] “that she seemed to develop normally”是一个同位语从句，作the fact的同位语。

同位语从句常放在fact，truth，news，information，idea，thought，hope，suggestion，advice，reply，remark，report等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。

如：
[典例]
1). The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 他当选美国总统的消息是真的。

2). The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.
我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。

3). I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪。

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的连词。

1). The truth _______ heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to us all.
2). The question _______ we need to spend more time on the project has not been discussed.
3). The explanation _______ he had met with an accident on his way was acceptable.
Keys: 1). that 2). whether 3). that
2.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。

[解释]★完全倒装：表示方位、方式或时间的副词或介词（短语），如here，there，now，then，up，down，out，in，away，off，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，句子主语为名词而非代词，且谓语为不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装结构。

★在这种完全倒装结构中，谓语动词常为come，go，stand，lie，arrive等表示位置移动的不及物动词，并且该动词不用于进行时。

★句子的主语是代词，则不用倒装语序。

[典例]
1)Then out rushed a pack of dogs! 接着冲出来一群狗！
2)Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。

3)There appeared to be a man in black in the distance. 远处似乎有一个穿黑衣服的人。

4)Down comes my mother. 我妈妈下来了。

5)On the wall hangs a painting of Qi Baishi. 墙上挂着一幅齐白石的画。

6)In the hall stood the minister from the village. 大厅里站着那位村里来的牧师。

7)Here he comes! 他来了！
8)Out she rushed. 她冲了出来。

[练习]汉译英
1)John opened the door. (站在那里) a girl he had never seen before.
2)Professor Zhang came into the hall, and (接着进来) his assistant
carrying a pile of books.
3)接着有消息传来，我们班的李平获得了英语作文竞赛一等奖。

Keys: 1) There stood 2) then followed
3) Then came the news that our classmate Li Ping got first prize in the English composition contest.
3.… the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts.
[解释]strike … into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心。

★strike（struck；struck）v./n.罢(工、课等)；撞；攻击；来到
钟)敲12点
结束罢工[典例]
1)George’s straightforward character struck a very good impression into my heart.
乔治坦率的个性给我留下了很好的印象。

2)The word “cancer” still strikes terror into many people’s hearts. “癌症”这个词仍然使很多人感到恐惧。

3)It struck/hit me that/It occurred to me that the band which I adored would perform at the National Stadium the
next day. 我突然想起我崇拜的乐队第二天将在国家体育场演出。

4)An idea struck him. = An idea occurred to him. 突然他有了一个主意。

[练习]汉译英
1)The news that our team won the competition (使我们都很兴奋).
2)(她突然想到) she undertook to clean the room by five o’clock. Keys: 1) struck excitement into our hearts 2) It struck/hit her that或It occurred to her that
Ⅵ. 重点语法：同位语从句
一、什么叫同位语
定义：当两个指同一个人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫另一个成分的同位语。

★名词、代词、数词及其短语都能作同位语。

We teachers should be responsible for this. 我们老师应该为此负责。

（名词作同位语）
Mr. Robert, my friend, is glad to team up with us.
我的朋友罗伯特先生，很乐意与我们合作。

（名词短语作同位语）
They each objected to the plan. 他们每个人都反对这个计划。

（代词作同位语）
You may leave it to us two. 你可以把这事留给我们俩。

（数词作同位语）
二、同位语从句。