青岛大学2009年研究生入学考试试题808英语综合

青岛大学2009年研究生入学考试试题808英语综合
青岛大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码： 808 科目名称：英语综合（共5 页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效Part One Linguistics (50 points)
I. There are 10 statements/questions below. Indicate the right choice in each of them by writing the corresponding letter (A, B,
C or D) in the given space. (10 points)
1. The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is
______.
A. M. A. K. Halliday
B. F. Saussure
C. N. Chomsky
D. L. Bloomfield
2. The function of the sentence “I declare the 2008 Beijing Olympics open”
is _______.
A. informative
B. phatic
C. performative
D. interpersonal
3. The four sounds /z/, /v/, /h/ and /f/ have one feature in common, i.e. they
are all .
A. fricatives
B. affricates
C. labiodentals
D. alveolars
4. Which of the following is the correct description of the English sound
/b/ ? _____.
A. voiceless, bilabial, stop
B. voiced, bilabial, stop
C. voiceless, alveolar, stop
D. voiced, alveolar, stop
5. The morphemes indicating negation such as non-, un-, a-, in-, and -il are
said to be the different forms of the same _______.
A. phoneme
B. lexeme
C. sememe
D. word
6. The immediate constituent analysis can show the nature of a
grammatical construction such as a phrase or clause.
A. hierarchical
B. linear
C. horizontal
D. vertical
7. “Can I borrow your car?” “You have a car.”
A. entails
B. is synonymous with
C. agrees with
D. presupposes
8. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim
of _________.
X: Where is Tom?
Y: He’s gone to the cinema with his girl friend. He said so when he left.
A. quality
B. quantity
C. relation
D. manner
9. ____ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and
straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.
A. Lingua franca
B. Creole
C. Pidgin
D. Standard language
10. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of
L2 learners’ ___.
A. second language
B. first language
C. foreign language
D. interlanguage
II. There are 10 items regarding knowledge and comprehension of language phenomena. Give a brief answer as specifically required by each one. (10 points)
1. Define the following two terms briefly:
1) phonetics
2) phonology
2. It is often the case that learners will subconsciously use their first
language knowledge in learning/acquiring a second language. This phenomenon is known as language ________.
3. Give the right terms for the grammatical meanings that are realized by the
addition of inflectional affixes in the following words:
1) purify → purifies 2) teacher → teacher’s
4. Indicate the kinds of word formation and the parts of speech in the
following examples:
1) friend + ly → friendly 2) brain + wash → brainwash
5. Indicate the types of lexical changes through which the following words
came into being by giving the right term:
1) SARS 2) tec 3) modem 4) enthuse
6. The following sentences can be used for meanings or purposes other than
their conventional (grammatical) functions. List two unconventional meanings or purposes for each of them.
1) I can’t study under noisy circumstances.
2) It’s stuffy in this room.
7. Underline endocentric constructions from the following expressions in
structuralist terms.
1) very important issues 2) It depends
3) behind the door 4) John and Mary
8. Each of the following groups exemplifies one common grammatical
category (case, gender, number, concord). Give the right category that characterizes each group:
1) he, she; lion, lioness
2) He always performs his duty well. They always perform their duty
well.
3) we, her, them, your, Smith’s
9. In the Referential Theory proposed by Ogden and Richards, the relation
between a word and a thing it refers to is mediated by __________. 10. The following words are considered instances of sexist language. Find
alternatives to these masculine-marked words
1) chairman 2) statesman
3) forefather 4) mankind
III. Answer ONE of the two essay questions below with at least 300 words.
(30 points)
1. The recursive nature of language provides a theoretical basis for the
creativity of language. Comment on this argument with supportive examples of at least three different kinds.
2. ‘Meaning’ is the focus of study in both semantics and pragmatics.
Discuss the differences in the interpretation of meaning between the two branches of linguistics using examples to support your argumentation. Part Two Translation (50 points)
I. Translate the following into English (25 points)
你看见笋的成长吗？你看见过被压在瓦砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生成吗？它为着向往阳光，为着达成它的生之意志，不管上面的石块如何重，石块与石块之间如何狭，它必定要曲曲折折地、但是顽强不屈地透到地面上来，它的根往土壤钻，它的芽往地面挺，这是一种不可抗的力，阻止它的石块，结果也被它掀翻，一粒种子的力量的大，如此如此。

没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的确是
世界无比。

这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。

II. Translate the following into Chinese (25 points)
Hemingway once wrote that courage is grace under pressure. But I would rather think with the 18th-century Italian dramatist, Vittorio Alfieri（维多利奥·阿尔菲利）, that “often the test of courage is not to die but to live.” For living with cancer engenders more than pressure; it begets terror. To live with is, to face up to it----that’s courage.
Hope is our effective “drug” in treating cancer. There is almost no cancer (at any stage) that cannot be treated. By instilling hope in a patient, we can
help develop a positive, combative attitude to his disease. Illogical, unproven? Perhaps. But many doctors believe that this must become a part of cancer therapy if the therapy is to be effective.
I have had the joy of two beautiful and wonderful wives, the happiness of parenthood and the love of eight children. My work was constantly challenging and fulfilling. I have always loved music and books, ballet and the theater. I was addicted to fitness, tennis golf, hunting and fishing. Good food and wine graced my table. My home was a warm and happy place.
But when I became aware of my imminent mortality, my attitudes changed. There was real meaning to the words, “This is the first day of the rest of your life.” There was a heightened awareness of each sunny day, the beauty of flowers, the song of a bird. How often do we reflect on the joy of breathing easily, of swallowing without effort and discomfort, of walking without pain, of a complete and peaceful night’s sleep?
Part Three Culture (50 points)
I. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) (5 points)
1.Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is the
Democratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party, formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West.
_______
2.In America, scientific and economic advance and rising material progress
have been accompanied by a decline in a religious observance.______
3. Rip V an Winckle was a character created by James Fenimore Cooper.
_______
4. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans._________
5. Beowolf was a sea monster killed by a Swedish warrior.______
II. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question (15 points)
1. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer?
A. The Canterbury Tales
B. Beowulf
C. King Lear
D. Morte D’Arthur
2. Which literary form flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other
form of literature?
A. Novel
B. Essay
C. Drama
D. Poetry
3. Which of the following is NOT true about football in Britain?
A. Millions of people attend the FA games each season.
B. “Football hooligans” sometimes have violent clashes.
C. It was invented by the Scottish people.
D. It was once described as “beastly” violent.
4. Which of the following can NOT be found in London?
A. Teahouse
B. Art galleries
C. Museums
D. Theatres
5. In the aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain?
A. The US and Germany
B. The US and Russia
C. Germany and Russia
D. France and Russia
6. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president in the US?
A. The president can vote any bill passed by Congress.
B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when
vacancies occur.
C. The president can make laws.
D. The president has broad powers , with the executives branch, to issue
regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal
departments.
7. Mark Twin’s works are characterized by the following except ______
A. sense of humor
B. egotism
C. jokes
D. tall tales
8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy
benefactors. Which is the exception?
A. Harvard University
B. the State University of New York
C. Yale University
D. Princeton University
9. When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improve relations with
China?
A. In 1972
B. In 1973
C. In 1970
D. In 1974
10. Niagara Falls is located in the State of ______
A. New York
B. Virginia
C. North Carolina
D. South Carolina III. Tell what you know about the following in your own words (30 points)
1. Sept. 11 terrorist attack
2. Mark Twain
3. The Lost Generation
4. The BBC
5. Modernism。