【2019版】高考英语：一轮基础习选题 Unit 4 Making the news(含解析)新人教版必修5

Making the news
李仕才
一、阅读理解。

During the last decade the number of people living past 100 has increased by 71 percent. While one expert believed this figure will continue to rise, he stated that anyone hoping to live for double or triple(三倍) this time will be disappointed. Speaking at a conference, Colin Blakemore, 70, a British scientist, claimed there is a ceiling on how long humans can live, and six score years “might be a real absolute limit to human lifespan. ”
A group of scientists discussed the future of medicine, global health concerns and life expectancy. It agreed that medicines will have a limited impact on extending human life, and it was more important to improve the health and quality of life for older people, rather than prolonging it. The group also stated it was important to improve the life expectancy in poorer areas where people typically die much younger than other areas.
The 2014 Global Age Watch Index(全球年龄指数), which ranks 96 nations on the quality of life for the elderly, recently stated that by 2050, the number of over 60s will be 21 percent of the global population. This is almost double the current figure of 12 percent. The percentage of over 80s is growing fastest, too —expected to rise from 2 percent now to 4 percent of the global population by 2050.
While it could take years of research to extend humans’lives, the study raises the possibility of anti-ageing treatments in a new way, according to Dr Kapahi.
The research, reported in the journal Cell Reports, may explain why it has proved so difficult to identify single genes(基因) responsible for the long lives enjoyed by humans. “It’s quite probable that interactions between genes are critical in those fortunate enough to live very long, healthy lives, ”said Dr Kapahi. Future research is expected to use mice to see if the same effects occur in mammals.
【文章大意】在过去十年里, 寿命达到100岁以上的老人的数量激增了71%。

但是英国科学家柯林·布雷克莫尔提出, 人类的寿命是有上限的, 而120岁很可能就是这个上限。

1. How many years can man live according to Colin Blakemore?
A. 120 years.
B. 200 years.
C. 130 years.
D. 150 years.
【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据文章首段末句中的“six score years ‘might be a real absolute limit to human lifespan’”可知Colin Blakemore认为人的寿命是有上限的, 而120岁很可能就是这个上限, 故选A。

2. The underlined word “prolonging”in Paragraph 2 probably means
________.
A. limit
B. enjoy
C. shorten
D. lengthen
【解析】选D。

词义猜测题。

根据前半句内容可知人们都认为药物对延长人类寿命的影响是有限的, 对于老年人来说, 与其延长寿命, 不如改善健康情况, 提升生活质量。

句中的extending human life 是信息词, 故选D。

3. According to the passage, we can know ________.
A. by 2050, the number of over 80s will rise by four percent
B. people can depend on medicine for long life in the future
C. scientists will use mice to do further research
D. the research was carried out by the journal Cell Reports
【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据文章末段中的“Future research is expected to use mice to see if the same effects occur in mammals. ”可知研究人员将用老鼠来进行进一步的研究, 故选C。

4. Where can you find this passage?
A. A travel journal.
B. A science fiction.
C. A health report.
D. An economic report.
【解析】选C。

推理判断题。

文章介绍了科学家的最新研究——人类寿命的上限是120岁, 这属于人类生命健康话题, 故选C。

二、单句语法填空
1．We must concentrate our effort on ________ (find) ways to reduce costs.
答案：finding concentrate one's effort on ... “集中精力……”，on为介词，故填动名词finding。

2．They study hard ________ (acquire) a good knowledge of English.
答案：to acquire此处不定式在句中作目的状语。

3．I'll keep you ________ (inform) of the progress made at any time.
答案：informed keep sb. informed of sth. “通知某人某事/使某人了解某事”。

4．It is difficult ________ (assess) the effects of these changes.
答案：to assess It is＋adj.＋to do sth. “做某事是……的”。

5．You can never depend on it ________ he can arrive on time.
答案：that depend on it that “指望/相信……”。

6．—Are you ________ (accuse) me of lying to the headmaster?
—I'm sure you did.
答案：accusing accuse sb. of (doing) sth. “指责/控告某人(做)某事”。

本句是一般疑问句，谓语动词用了现在进行时。

7．All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to ________ (receive) in time for Christmas.
答案：be received so as to do ... “为了做……”，gifts与receive之间为被动关系，故应填be received。

8．There are cases ________ this rule does not work.
答案：where若定语从句的先行词为抽象地点名词case, stage, point, position, condition等时，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导定语从句。

9．He left the classroom without the ________ (approve) of the teacher.
答案：approval由空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，设空处应填名词形式，即approval。

10．People demanded that the injured ________ (take) to hospital at once.
答案：(should) be taken demand意为“要求”，后跟宾语从句时，从句应
用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

主语the injured 与动词take之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。

三、完形填空。

I started serving the homeless when I was eight years old. I didn't know these people would make such a big difference in my __1__.
Twice a month I go to the church and help get things ready for __2__. When the gate is opened, people come in __3__ to get drinks. They take their seats while breakfast is __4__，and then we begin to __5__. We each take two plates and carry them __6__ the line as the plates are __7__. Each person receives several kinds of foods. I walk to the tables and __8__ the plates before them. After I've served them, I ask if they need __9__ else and bring them whatever they ask for.
When I first started serving, I was a little __10__ . At first I stayed close to my mom most of the time, but after I got to know these strangers, I __11__ that they were friendly people. And the __12__ of them was often nicer than the outside. I realized that there was no __13__ to be scared. After serving for a few months, I started to __14__ seeing the same people each week.
All of these people make my day much __15__. The past two years have made a big __16__ in my life. I do this __17__ it is the right thing to do. When I serve people, I want them to know that someone __18__ them and that they matter. Serving makes me happy, but even more __19__，it teaches me to love and __20__ others and helps make the world a better place.
【解题导浯】本文是一篇记叙文。

“我”通过自己八岁跟随妈妈到教堂做慈善活动的亲身经历，感悟到了人生的意义。

1. A．study B．work
C．family D．life
答案与解析：D'考查名词。

首先空处所在句是全文的主旨句，又根据文章最后一段第二句“The past two years have made a big __16__ in my life”可知，这些人对“我”的人生(life)产生了巨大的影响。

故选D项。

2. A．breakfast B．brunch
C．lunch D．dinner
答案与解析：A'考查名词。

根据4空所在句可知，此处应该是为早餐(breakfast)做准备工作。

故选A项。

3. A．secretly B．quickly
C．slowly D．separately
答案与解析：B考查副词。

根据生活常识可知，肯定是快速地(quickly)进教堂来取饮料。

故选B项。

4. A．ordered B．enjoyed
C．prepared D．tasted
答案与解析：C考查动词。

根据空处所在句句意可知，我们准备早饭时，他们坐下来。

故选C项。

5. A．eat B．serve
C．leave D．try
答案与解析：B考查动词。

根据第一段的“I started serving the homeless”可知，我们侍候无家可归者，为他们提供饭菜。

故选B项。

6. A．before B．beyond
C．above D．along
答案与解析：D'考查介词。

此处表示：我们每个人拿两个盘子，沿着座位给他们端上食物。

before“在……面前”；beyond“超出……的范围”；above“在……上方”；along“沿着……旁边”。

故选D项。

7. A．emptied B．washed
C．filled D．dried
答案与解析：C'考查动词。

根据句意可知，当盘子被盛满(filled)食物的时候我们才把盘子端给无家可归者。

故选C项。

8. A．make B．set
C．fix D．show
答案与解析：B'考查动词。

根据空前的“I walk to the tables”可知，“我”应该是把盘子放置(set)在他们的餐桌上。

故选B项。

9. A．nothing B．everything
C．what D．anything
答案与解析：D'考查不定代词。

根据空处所在句句意可知，“我”询问他们
是否还有其他需要。

故选D项。

10. A．surprised B．embarrassed
C．scared D．puzzled
答案与解析：C'考查形容词。

根据上下文可知，刚开始时“我”有点害怕(scared)。

下文的“to be scared”也是提示。

11. A．realized B．admitted
C．claimed D．swore
答案与解析：A'考查动词。

根据语境可知，随着“我”对这些人的深入了解，“我”意识到他们是友善的。

realize“意识到”；admit“承认”；claim“声称”；swear“发誓”。

故选A项。

12. A．past B．inside
C．surface D．front
答案与解析：B'考查名词。

根据空后的“nicer than the outside”可知，空处应用outside的反义词inside。

故选B项。

13. A．way B．doubt
C．reason D．wonder
答案与解析：C'考查名词。

根据语境可知，这些人都很友好，“我”没有理由(reason)感到害怕。

故选C项。

14. A．get tired of B．take charge of
C．get down to D．look forward to
答案与解析：D'考查动词短语。

根据上文“我”情感的变化可知，做了几个月后，“我”每周都期待(look forward to)与这些人见面。

get tired of“对……厌倦，厌烦”；take charge of“负责”；get down to“着手”。

故选D项。

15. A．better B．further
C．busier D．easier
答案与解析：A'考查形容词。

根据上文“我”每周期待与这些人见面可推知，“我”的生活每周因他们变得更好(better)。

故选A项。

16. A．success B．difference
C．profit D．fortune
答案与解析：B'考查名词。

此句与文章第一段第二句中的“make such a big
difference”呼应，故选B项。

17. A．because B．if
C．once D．though
答案与解析：A'考查连词。

根据上下文逻辑关系可知，空处前后有因果关系。

故选A项。

18. A．relies on B．goes after
C．cares about D．looks for
答案与解析：C'考查动词短语。

care about“在乎，关心”；rely on“依靠，依赖”；go after“追求，追逐”；look for“寻找”。

此处表示“我想让他们知道有人关心他们并且他们很重要”。

故选C项。

19. A．necessarily B．interestingly
C．honestly D．importantly
答案与解析：D'考查副词。

importantly“重要地”，necessarily“必要地”，interestingly“有趣地”，honestly“诚实地”。

根据空前的“Serving makes me happy，but even more”可知，importantly更符合语境，故选D项。

20. A．respect B．forgive
C．inspire D．protect
答案与解析：A'考查动词。

forgive“原谅”，inspire“激励”，protect“保护”。

由语境可知，只有respect符合，故选A项。

四、单句改错
1．You'll be faced with two choices—whether to be fired or not, depend on your performance in the work.
______________________________________________________
答案：depend→depending句中已有谓语动词be faced with且无连词，故depend应用非谓语动词形式。

depending on ... 现在分词短语在句中作状语。

2．We had a thoroughly cleaning of our house at the weekend.
______________________________________________________
答案：thoroughly→thorough此处需用形容词thorough来修饰动名词cleaning，故改为thorough。

3．It is demanded that a doctor must be sent for.
______________________________________________________
答案：must→should或去掉must demand后跟宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，其谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

4．They are all eager to the chance to be the top ones in the world competition as athletes.
______________________________________________________
答案：第一个to→for be eager for sth. “渴望(得到)某物”。

5．You'd better put on a thick sweater in case of it snows.
______________________________________________________
答案：去掉of in case of sth. “如果；假使”；in case＋从句“万一/以防……；如果/假使……”。

根据从句“it snows”可知应用in case，故去掉of。