【致胜中考2021】八年级上册Unit 5 (词汇 语法讲解)2021届人教版英语中考一轮复习

【致胜中考2021】一轮复习:八上U5 词汇+语法讲解【单词默写】
【单词变形】
【单词变性】
educational形容词变名词__________________ famous形容词变名词__________________ main形容词变副词__________________ discussion名词变动词__________________ successful形容词变副词__________________
simple形容词变副词__________________
culture名词变形容词__________________
meaningless形容词变名词__________________
reason名词变形容词__________________
appear动词变名词__________________
expect动词变名词__________________
【一词多义】
1. lose _________________ ___________________ __________________ _________________
I lost my watch yesterty.
My team lost to his team in yesterday’s basketball competition.
I lost my way in the forest.
The book is so interesting that I am lost in it.
2. hope _____________ _____________
Thank Hope Project for helping the poor village to build a primary school.
I hope that everything will be fine.
3. plan _____________ _____________
Mary plans to fly to New York, but it’s too expensive.
Mary has many plans at the beginning of the year.
4. stand ___________ _____________
When answering questions, we will stand up.
I can’t stand staying at home all day. It’s too boring.
【词汇用法】
1. famous: adj./be famous for/be famous to sp./be famous as/be famous in sp.
近义词辨析: famous vs. known
Famous: adj./be famous for/be famous to sp./be famous as/be famous in sp.
Known: adj./be known for/be known to sp./be known as/be known in sp./be well-known
2. expect: v./expect sb. to do sth./be expected to do sth./as expected
近义词辨析: expect vs. suppose vs. should
expect: v./expect sb. to do sth./be expected to do sth./as expected
suppose: v./be supposed to do
should: modal v./should do
近义词辨析: expect vs. wish vs. hope
expect: v./expect sb. to do sth./be expected to do sth./as expected
wish: v./wish sb. to do sth./wish that…/wish sb. sth.
hope: v./hope to do/hope that…
3. happen: vi./sth. happen to sb./happen to do
近义词辨析: happen vs. take place
happen: vi./sth. happen to sb./happen to do
take place: vi./sth take place.
4. lose: lose to sb./be lost in sth./get lost/lose one’s way/lose sth.
相关词辨析: win vs. lose vs. beat vs. fail
win: vt. /win the prize/win the competition/win the game
lose: vt./lose to sb./be lost in sth./get lost/lose one’s way/lose sth. beat: vt./beat sb.
fail: vi./fail to do sth./fail in the exam
【高频短语】
have sth. in common_________________ be famous for_________________ be famous in_________________ be famous to_________________ be famous as_________________ main idea_________________ be ready to do_________________ be ready for_________________make jokes on sb. _________________ for the reason that_________________ appear to be_________________ happen to do_________________ lose oneself in_________________ be lost in_________________ get lost_________________ lose one’s way_________________
【攻占语法】
动词(非谓语)
一、非谓语的基本形式: ________________ ____________________ _______________ ___________________
二、非谓语在句中的位置及成分:
1. 在从句中做主语: _______________ ______________
2. 在从句中做宾语: _______________ _______________
3. 在从句中做补足语: ______________ _________________ _______________
三、非谓语的用法:
1. 固定搭配
2. 固定句型
1) It is +adj. for sb. to do sth.
2) It is +adj. of sb. to do sth.
3) sb. find/feel/think it +adj. to do sth.
4) 句子with sth. done
5) 句子with sb. doing
6) It takes sb. st. to do sth.
3. 非谓语的意思
1) 表目的: ________________
2) 表伴随: ________________
3) 表被动: ________________
【词汇练习】
1.Jackie Chan is a great a ________ movie star.
2.My uncle joined the a ________ ten years ago to protect our country.
3.My classmates and I had a d ________ about free time activities in class this morning.
4.The Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui first a ________ in Rio 2016 and soon became a popular star.
5.She b ________ worried when she heard that her son was badly ill.
6.Can you think of another c ________ character that is as famous as Mickey?
7.Mickey Mouse is one of my favorite cartoon c ________ among the Disney cartoon movies.
8.For c ________ people dreamed of going into space and it came true after the invention of rockets.
9. A bite of China is a program on CCTV introducing food c ________of China.
10.I like documentaries very much because it is e________ and I can learn a lot from it.
11.Most parents e _________ much of their children. They want their children to be successful.
12.China is f ________ for its long history and wonders.
13.Many people think Wang Baoqiang’s movie “Lost in Thailand”(泰囧) is great f ________, but some people
think it is kind of boring.
14.I am sorry to say that a terrible accident(事故) h________ to Jack last night, so he can't come today.
15.Our math teacher is humorous and often tells us funny j ________.
16.It’s easy to get l ________ in the forest. You need to take some tools with you like a compass.
17.Rice is the m________ food in this area. People here eat it almost every day.
18.We haven’t had the n ________ of him for a long time so we’re all worried about him.
19.I really can't stand soap o________, the stories are usually made up.
20.How are you going to be a writer? I am p ________ to keep on writing stories and doing some reading every
day.
21.I put on my uniform. I’m r ________ to start work now.
22.The teacher asked all of us to write down p ________ for the winter vacation.
23.Can you think of other r ________ why the film Zhan Lang is so hot?
24.Parents should encourage teenagers to do s ________ work for their community.
25.Sue loves music, but she can't s ________ listening to the noisy music.
26.The man behind Mickey was Walt Disney. He became very rich and s ________.
27.Thirteen is often thought to be an u ________ number in some countries.
28.U ________, he lost his house and his girlfriend in the earthquake.
29.If something is done s ________, it is done in a way that no one will be hurt.
30.I didn’t get good grades. One of the main r ________ is that I didn’t prepare for the exams.
【语法练习】
1.Since then, he has had one goal _________________(tell) people the importance of rainforests.
2.They are good for the forests, as each one plays a role in _________________(keep) the rainforests healthy.
3.Then, I realized yoga was really helpful to him. The transition taught him how ________(make) a great change
in life.
4.I’m really looking forward to _________________(take) part in it. This party is going to be fun!
5.The WWF warns leaders at every level that they must work together _______________(protect) the planet.
6.The data ________________(provide) by the WWF are frightening, but all hope is not lost.
7.Middle school is a transition(过渡) for you, and it can be a special experience of your whole life. It can also be
difficult for you to face certain problems ________(connect) with middle school life.
8.Remember that you still have a lot of things ________(do), and don’t give yourself more pressure than you
already have.
9.At this time, there are no better ideas than ________(ask) others for help, such as your teachers or parents, even
the police.
10.“This shows it’s important _________________(learn) a special skill,” he said.
11.The important thing is that we should be brave enough ________(face) them.
12.He told China Daily that he was hopeful about the ability of China’s movie industry but it would still take us a
long time ____________________(catch) up with Hollywood.
13.I plan ________(keep) a diary every day.
14.Since then, my new friends and I have protected the earth by ________(do) some small things.
15.People who are thrown out from a car are four times more likely to ________(kill) than those who stay inside.
16.________(protect) the strongest part of the body. Seat belts are designed to fix your body at its strongest parts.
For an older child and adult, these parts are the hips and shoulders. To spread out the force in an accident. Seat belts spread the force of the accident over a wide area of the body.
17.One professional Italian team was so impressed that they offered him $57,500 _______________(play) for them.
18.During the free hours, some of the teenagers learn photo taking or ________(paint).
19.He contacted University officials ________(tell) about the possibility of returning the book.
20.This doesn't mean it’s impossible _________________(change) your personality.
21.Finnish schools will go on ________(teach) normal subjects, just like schools in China, in the future. But
children will also learn other topics, such as the European Union community and climate change, or 100 years of Finland’s independence.
22.In 2012, Yousafzai was nearly killed by the Taliban because she worked hard ________________(get) the same
education for your girls in Pakistan.
23.However, when her mother asks her what happens to her, she just says she feels like ________(cry).
24.The first signs of it in teens are poorer school reports than before, then learning difficulties and ________(stay)
away from classmates and teachers.
25.Seeing their smiling faces and hearing their warm song, I couldn't help ____________(cry).
26.One such test was carried out in 1987. It was published in European Journal of Physics magazine ________(tell)
people that if the distance is short enough, running gets a person less wet than walking. But running only keeps you about 10% drier.
27.I tell people to keep on _________________(get) up when they fall down and always love themselves.
28.I’m listening to a band ________________(call) “The Toms”.
29.The only started _________________(sing) earlier this year. But they’ve already made two CDs.
30.Have you ever lost yourself, especially when an accident happens? Maybe it is not always easy
_____________(discover) yourself.
31.I spent 24 hours a week _________________(develop) my skills.
32.Maybe I can even encourage you _______________(go) for a swim.
33.There’s nothing better than ______________(jump) into the water on a hot summer day.
34.Every time the holiday drew closer, I couldn't wait _____________(go) to the French countryside with my
parents.
35.The most important way ________________(manage) your time is to set priorities(优先考虑的事).
36.It took years of work ________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
37.One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ________(be) late for school.
38.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ________(stop) until we reached the next
stop.
39.In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little,
always ________(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.
40.They spent nearly all their lives _________________(try) to collect words for their dictionaries.
41.________(smoke) not only does harm to their health, but to others. Besides, about 10% of air pollution is caused
by other reasons.
42.Toronto’s Rogers Centre is the perfect place for ________(watch) a baseball or an ice hockey game.
43.Since my family did not have much money, I knew I would never be able ________(buy) a great dress for the
school dance.
44.He used ________(run) 60 kilometers every week.
45.Christopher was a 7-year-old boy who was very sick. He always dreamed of ________(become) a pilot to fly in
the sky.
46.People today are always thinking about the time. There never seems ________(be) enough time to do all the
things we want to do.
47.If you take 60 minutes, you get one hour. The hands of the clock go all the way around in 24 hours,
________(give) us one day.
48.They tell you how ________(take) care of the clothes.
49.Being a pioneer in MOOCs, Mr. Wei hopes that the courses could help students ________(learn) independently.
50.Since my family did not have much money, I knew I would never be able to buy a great dress for the school
dance. That did not stop me from ________(dream), however.
51.If you use the camera on your smart phone to take a photo of a special icon(图标) on the bus stop, the timetable
appears on your screen. When the bus arrives, you use the same phone ________(pay) for your ride.
52.You don’t need a ticket or a boarding pass-with just your phone, you can be on your plane only 15 minutes after
_______(arrive) at the airport.
53.This is especially useful in Tokyo, where it’s so easy to get ________(lose)!
54.Football organizers are working _______________(spread) the sport across Europe and Asia. However, its
biggest fans remain in North America.
55.MyYearbook ______________(use) can connect with each other by sharing music, videos, photos, and study
guides.【参考答案】
educational形容词变名词education
famous形容词变名词fame
main形容词变副词mainly
discussion名词变动词discuss
successful形容词变副词success
simple形容词变副词simply
culture名词变形容词cultural meaningless形容词变名词meaning
reason名词变形容词reasonable
appear动词变名词appearance
expect动词变名词expectation
1. lose 失去输给迷路沉迷
I lost my watch yesterty.
My team lost to his team in yesterday’s basketball competition.
I lost my way in the forest.
The book is so interesting that I am lost in it.
2. hope 希望(n.)希望(v.)
Thank Hope Project for helping the poor village to build a primary school.
I hope that everything will be fine.
3. plan 计划(v.)计划(n.)
Mary plans to fly to New York, but it’s too expensive.
Mary has many plans at the beginning of the year.
4. stand 站起来忍受
When answering questions, we will stand up.
I can’t stand staying at home all day. It’s too boring.【高频短语】
have sth. in common有…共同之处
be famous for因…而著名
be famous in在某地很著名
be famous to对某人来说很著名be famous as作为…而著名main idea主要想法
be ready to do准备好去做
be ready for准备做make jokes on sb. 开玩笑for the reason that因为…appear to be出现happen to do碰巧做lose oneself in沉浸…be lost in沉浸于get lost迷路lose one’s way迷路
一、非谓语的基本形式: do to do doing done
二、非谓语在句中的位置及成分:
1. 在从句中做主语: doing to do
2. 在从句中做宾语: doing to do
3. 在从句中做补足语: do doing to do done
3. 非谓语的意思
1) 表目的: to do
2) 表伴随: doing
3) 表被动: done
【词语练习】
Action army discussion appeared became cartoon characters comfmon culture educational expect famous film happened jokes lost main news opera planning ready plans reasons simple stand successful unlucky Unluckily safely reasons
【语法练习】
1.to tell 做非谓语，去做，表目的
2.keeping 做非谓语prep.+doing
3.to make 做非谓语，特殊疑问词+to do 构成简单句
4.taking 做非谓语, to 为介词，prep.+doing
5.to protect 做非谓语去保护，表目的
6.provided 做非谓语provide为及物动词，现缺少宾语，故为被动
7.connected 做非谓语，connect为及物动词，缺少宾语，故为被动
8.to do 做非谓语，去做，表目的
9.asking 做非谓语，than为介词，prep.+doing
10.to learn 做非谓语，可参考句型it is +adj. for sb. to do sth.
11.to face 做非谓语，可参考搭配be+adj. enough to do
12.to catch 做非谓语，可参考句型it takes sb. st. to do sth.
13.to keep 做非谓语，可参考搭配plan to do
14.doing 做非谓语by为介词，prep.+doing
15.be killed 做非谓语do为及物动词，缺少宾语，故为被动，to do 结构
16.to protect 做非谓语，与后面的to spread out 形成排比
17.to play 做非谓语to do表目的
18.painting 做非谓语or 并列形式
19.to tell 做非谓语，to do表目的
20.to change 做非谓语，可参考句型it is +adj. to do sth.
21.teaching 做非谓语可参考搭配go on doing
22.to get 做非谓语，to do表目的
23.crying 做非谓语，可参考搭配feel like doing
24.staying 做非谓语，and 并列形式
25.crying 做非谓语，可参考搭配couldn't help doing 情不自禁做某事
26.telling 做非谓语，doing表伴随
27.getting 做非谓语可参考搭配keep on doing
28.called 做非谓语，call为及物动词，并为双宾语词，缺少一个宾语，故为被动
29.to sing 做非谓语，可参考搭配start to do/start doing
30.to discover 做非谓语，可参考句型it is +adj. to do sth.
31.developing 做非谓语，可参考搭配spend st. (in) doing sth. in 可以省略
32.to go 做非谓语可参考搭配encourage sb. to do sth.
33.jumping 做非谓语than为介词，prep.+doing
34.to go 做非谓语可参考搭配couldn’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
35.to manage 做非谓语，可参考搭配the way to do
36.to reduce 做非谓语，可参考句型it takes st. to do sth.
37.being 做非谓语，prep.+doing
38.to stop 做非谓语，可参考搭配refuse to do
39.thinking 做非谓语，doing表伴随
40.trying 做非谓语可参考搭配spend st.(in) doing sth., in可以省略
41.smoking 做非谓语，动名词doing做主语
42.watching 做非谓语for为介词prep.+doing
43.to buy 做非谓语可参考搭配be able to do
44.to run 做非谓语可参考搭配used to do过去常常做某事
45.becoming 做非谓语of为介词，prep.+doing
46.to be 做非谓语可参考搭配seem to do
47.giving 做非谓语doing表伴随
48.to take 做非谓语可参考特殊疑问词+to do为简单句
49.learn/to learn 做非谓语可参考help sb. (to) do帮助某人做某事
50.dreaming 做非谓语from为介词prep.+doing
51.to pay 做非谓语可参考搭配use sth. to do
52.arriving 做非谓语after为介词，prep.+doing
53.lost 做非谓语lose为及物动词，缺少宾语，故为被动
54.to spread 非谓语to do表目的
ed 做非谓语use为及物动词，缺少宾语，故为被动。