语言与文化的关系.正式版PPT文档
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Language in culture: Boasian tradition.
• Franz Boas 1858-1942 Established modern American
anthropology Handbook of American Indian Languages, 1911 Anthropological orientation
语言与文化的关系
1
Major researches
• The connection between culture and language has been noted as far back as the classical period and probably long before. The ancient Greeks, for example, distinguished between civilized peoples and bárbaros"those who babble“;
• Boas was the first anthropologist who considered it unimaginable to study the culture of a foreign people without also becoming acquainted with their language.
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Cultural relativism
While transcribing native texts and translating them, Boas became fascinated by the different ways in which different language classify the world and the human experience.
• the fact that the intellectual culture of a people was largely constructed, shared and maintained through the use of language, meant that understanding the language of a cultural group was the key to understanding its culture.
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• Franz Boas, like his German forerunners, maintained that the shared language of a community is thห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ most essential carrier of their common culture.
He proposed cultural relativism—the view that each culture should be understood in its own terms rather than as part of an intellectually or morally scaled master plan, in which the Europeans or those of European descent tended to be at the top.(Duranti,1952 55)
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Interaction between language and culture pioneer of Functional School Language is a component part of culture; 2 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (ii) the weak version that linguistic categories and usage influence thought and certain kinds of non-linguistic behavior. “in its primitive uses, language functions as a link in concerted human activity…it is a mode of action and not an instrument of reflection”(1932:312) Language is the most important branch of ethnology. 2 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis pioneer of Functional School
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We can learn from the citation: Language is the most important branch of
ethnology. Ethnology is the scientific study and
comparison of cultures of different races of people (New collegiate Dictionary). Language is a component part of culture.
• The German romanticists of the 19th century such as Herder, Wundt and Humbolt, often saw language not just as one cultural trait among many but rather as the direct expression of a people's national character, and as such as culture in a kind of condensed form. Herder for example suggests, “Since every people is a people, it has its own national culture expressed through its own language”.
Language in culture: Boasian tradition.
• Franz Boas 1858-1942 Established modern American
anthropology Handbook of American Indian Languages, 1911 Anthropological orientation
语言与文化的关系
1
Major researches
• The connection between culture and language has been noted as far back as the classical period and probably long before. The ancient Greeks, for example, distinguished between civilized peoples and bárbaros"those who babble“;
• Boas was the first anthropologist who considered it unimaginable to study the culture of a foreign people without also becoming acquainted with their language.
6
Cultural relativism
While transcribing native texts and translating them, Boas became fascinated by the different ways in which different language classify the world and the human experience.
• the fact that the intellectual culture of a people was largely constructed, shared and maintained through the use of language, meant that understanding the language of a cultural group was the key to understanding its culture.
3
• Franz Boas, like his German forerunners, maintained that the shared language of a community is thห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ most essential carrier of their common culture.
He proposed cultural relativism—the view that each culture should be understood in its own terms rather than as part of an intellectually or morally scaled master plan, in which the Europeans or those of European descent tended to be at the top.(Duranti,1952 55)
4
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Interaction between language and culture pioneer of Functional School Language is a component part of culture; 2 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (ii) the weak version that linguistic categories and usage influence thought and certain kinds of non-linguistic behavior. “in its primitive uses, language functions as a link in concerted human activity…it is a mode of action and not an instrument of reflection”(1932:312) Language is the most important branch of ethnology. 2 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis pioneer of Functional School
5
We can learn from the citation: Language is the most important branch of
ethnology. Ethnology is the scientific study and
comparison of cultures of different races of people (New collegiate Dictionary). Language is a component part of culture.
• The German romanticists of the 19th century such as Herder, Wundt and Humbolt, often saw language not just as one cultural trait among many but rather as the direct expression of a people's national character, and as such as culture in a kind of condensed form. Herder for example suggests, “Since every people is a people, it has its own national culture expressed through its own language”.