五年级上册英语语法知识汇总

五年级上册英语语法知识汇总(一)
一、名词复数规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5．不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanes
二、
（一）一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。

如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。

如：We study English.我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。

如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

（二）一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。

如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。

如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。

如：I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。

如：He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。

如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。

如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：How does your father go to work?
动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
三、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+ be + 主语+ 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+ be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
练习：
1、写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______watch _______
child _______photo ________ diary ______day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______
sandwich_____ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
2、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________look _________ have_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush_______ do_________ teach_______ pass_______
3、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1.）He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. ）Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. ）We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. ）Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 4、、写出下列动词的现在分词：play________ run__________ swim _________make__________go_________ like________ write________ ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1. The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girl’s _______________ (sing) in the classroom.
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
人称代词和物主代词要点归纳：
一．主格( I you he she it we you they )
1. 在句子中可以作主语，放于句首，后接动词。

(1) _______ am a student.
(2) _______ comes from China , but ______ comes from American.
(3) _______ is my aunt.
二．宾格( me you him her it us you them )
1. 在句子中可以作宾语，用于句尾，动词之后。

(1) The boy in the photo is _______.
(2) Let ______ to play football.
(3) We often go to visit __________.
2. 在句子中可以作宾语，用于句尾，介词之后。

(1) The pen of ______ is the same with ______.
(2) Come with ________.
(3) The teacher wants you to return that book of ________.
3. 人称代词作表语时,一般用宾格,特别是在日常会话中。

“Who is knocking at the door? ”“It's ________. ”----“谁在敲门?”---“是我。

”
三．形容词性物主代词( my your his her it our your their )
1. 形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前，用作定语，限定该名词的意义。

(1) ______ book is over there.
(2) I ate all ________ sandwiches yesterday.
(3) Tell Tom not to forget _______ book.
四．名词性物主代词( mine yours his hers its ours yourrs theirs)
1. 名词性物主代词在句中独立使用，即不后接名词，其句法作用相当于一个名词,即“形容词性物主代词+名词”。

(1) My bag is bigger than ________. =My bag is bigger than ________ _________.
(2) _______ is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。

（用作主语，一般用于正式文体）
(3) I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use _______? 我忘了带词典，我可以用一下你的吗？（用作动词的宾语）
(4) He wasn’t in my room. He might be in _______. 他（刚才）不在我的房间。

他可能在自己的房间。

（用作介词的宾语）
(5) Whose book is this? —It’s _______. 这是谁的书？——是她的。

(6) Jack is a friend of _______. 杰克是我的一个朋友。

（用于双重所有格）
2.名词性物主代词用作主语时，谓语动词的数应随所指者的数而定。

(1)Is this pencil _______ or _______? —It’s _______. Hers is in her bag. (Hers = Her pencil) ---这支铅笔是你的还是她的？——是我的。

她的铅笔在她包里。

3．用于of后面。

He visited a friend of _________ yesterday.
一般现在时练习: 一般现在时：表示经常性的事情。

时间状语ofte经常,usuall通常, always总是，every每个, sometimes有时，at…在几点钟只有第三人称单数用动词三单，其余动词均用原形
1. We often___________(play) in the playgound.
2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.
3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning.
4. What _________ (do) he usually (do) after school?
5. _________Danny_________ (study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art in school.
6. _________Mike sometimes_________ (go) to the park with his sister?
7. At eight at night, she __________(watch) TV with his parents.
8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?
9. How many lessons________ your classmate________ (have) on Monday?
10. What time_________ his mother_________(do) the housework?
现在进行时练习: 现在进行时：表示现在进行的动作句子结构：be+动词ing
时间状语：now, look, listen，It’s …o clck,
1. What are you _________ (do) now? I ___________ (eat) bread.
2. It’s nine o’clock. My father_______________ (work) in the office.
3.Look, the boy____________(put) the rubbish into the bin.
4.__________he__________(clean) the classroom? No, he isn’t. He____________(play).
5.Where is Mak? He___________(run) on the grass.
6.Listen, who____________(sing)in the music room?
Oh,Mary_____________(sing) there.
many+可数名词复数，much+不可数名词
some、any后面既可以加可数名词复数，也可以加不可数名词
some用于肯定句和表示请求及建议的一般疑问句
（Would you like/ Can（May/Could）I ...？）
例如：（1）I'd like some apples.
（2）There is some water in the glass.
（3）Would you like some tea？May I have some noodles？
any用于否定句和疑问句
例如：（1）I don’t have any notebooks.
（2）I don’t have any soup for lunch.
（3）Do you have any sisters? Is there any Coke?
7、情态动词：can，could，may，would，should，have to，has to，后面必须加动词原形。

例如：I can swim. I have to eat vegetables.
祈使句用动词原形。

表示请求、命令等句子叫祈使句。

它的主语是听话人（you），一般不需要说出来。

通常以动词原形开头。

如：Let's go to school. Open the door，please.
8、冠词a 、an、the
不定冠词（a、an），表示泛指，a+辅音，如 a young man， a university student an+元音，如an e-mail，an active girl，an interesting book
定冠词（the），表示特指、世界上独一无二的东西，如the sun，the Great Wall（注：there be不与the连接）
9、时间介词in，on，at
in+一段时间：年份；季节；月份；上午、下午、晚上
on+具体时间：X月X日；星期几；节假日
at+时间点：at noon，at night，几点钟（at 7 o’clock；at 7:30）
10、play+体育项目，如play football，play chess，play sports，play basketball play
+ the + 乐器，如play the piano，play the pipa，play the violin
11、问人的外貌、个性特征以及物体的外观句式：What + be动词+主语+like？
12、问星期几What day is it today/tomorrow？
13、问你午餐吃了什么？（已吃）What do you have for lunch？
问你午餐想吃什么？（未吃）What would you like for lunch？
问午餐有什么吃？（未吃）What’s for lunch?
14、It’s time for + 名词，如It’s time for music class.
It’s time to + 动词，如It’s time to go to school.
15 like + 可数名词复数/不可数名词，如I like Mondays. / I like beef.
like + 动词的现在分词（动词的ing形式），如I like reading.
like + to + 动词原形，如I like to read a book.
做题目时一定要记住：
1. can+动词原形
2. like+动词ing
3. like+名词复数
4. play+足球类play the +乐器类
5. how many +名词复数
6. would like +to+动词原形
7. let’s+动词原形
8. 现在进行时：be(am,is,are)+动词ing
9. 动词第三人称单数形式。